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    41 views9 pages

    Stress-Some Basics PDF

    Uploaded by

    Marie Saunders

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    rwvor panes inc. PHILIPPINES ESTER Understanding stress comments & symbols on pipe stress sketches ‘The Coocnate ais ‘The sya import n hbng the tess engineerin ) ‘whatever the coordinate iss. Loads less tan 0.5 kp (500) FY*-20hps 6070) Ibe) are not tea Movements on Pipe . Movements on pipe are usualy significant N < movements that pping desgrors shoud = 3t watch cut for and "consder dirlg isp ‘pera condition, “They ao usualy movements mare than one ch and are shown with nee numbers and ae placed ear the node Its usual used with drecton oy using the sgh Convention bazod onthe coordinate Sis Miscellaneous Notes! [eazooes | + Corrosion Alwance of pipe based on specs rare sensoe | 5, Sate rv ot conmnty ton rte geoup Used by stress engineers in ansiyzing the system. Lael 7 Stross Stamp, Signature sd Revision No. “Tis 1s very important 1 tho stose skteh boeause shows that the sytem wes. analyzed and rected bythe seas tegnoor bela teoulé be ‘aased to design. {his nudes the date reoaived, Stross Enghnoos Ins, "Checkers ray, Cate Issue to design and Fevision No Published by: DIP Piping Stress rwor vames inc.- PHILIPPINES &»Pipe Stress Bas ics ‘What is a Stress Log or a Flex Log? Piping Stress Log or Fiesty Logis thf! of Fr esas tats raed by the Pong sess Enoinear to erty ping syns Pat woul ease scone raya Pasion No 00020250) pee dos” eats Teauing sss ante. Halonen sao of to ‘What is a “Slug flow”? ‘ti flow i a condon erated bya sudden Tw of igh elt gas over te aurace of Slomly moving laud In the pipe. This produces 2 quid wave which can become Shug iff crests atthe top of the pipe. T impact of this quid, sg, moving. att ‘ieaty “ofa Blowdown gas, generates ‘vomndovs fore wen exerted onan bon. Process ord Contelsjtoms Engineers ae the ones who determine hug ow. For pling systems wit slug fow, a changes of pipe run econ shall require ‘ostants. Standard gudes and anchor are normally inadoquaa for retaining sug ow Special designs fequd. Sturtal "suppor are usualy fal and tnd © (fer ie resistance to herzota ead Fenuas forthe calculation of 5" force that would be acing on every bend can be ound at Pipe Stress Design Guge Vel. 1 Practice No. 0002501203, When do piping systems require loops? Ping ssa wh high eperatireexpands. The cleats npg design ratte restan this exparsan bu fo rearert, abso and confl fe docion Wiha overstesang te oytem” Loop abort png erpanin FD sancarca Sate at sah piper prosuing tension gow of move tan 12 notes Tequre seas oop rachca No 680.80 292) / aN \ . " at ates > 12; hen a loops raquced See figure below. SEAT Pape canbe cond Fe ben are ot me a the Sry sh boars tbe ited andthe ine feng nce ty Set {so comer fe thomal ‘Soarion woul ba tat Saud rete that png tore than 2007 ae tat Reonmonded Sor pte pe. Sous snus’ by te phee- ‘wrlne onaees eu Sfaume shuld a0 be inaded oF pp evens rose arate. hay fern ea elcteen f “ We Toal_ wag setaen “support eh We ht per fot of pe inc war frst ae ses rey rd Sa” pai ne ve Detane Between appee niet Published by: DIP Piping Stress 9 eee Codes and Standards Related to Piping [ASME ~ American Society of Mechanical Engineers ‘ASME 831.1 - Power Piping, clues al piping system fr eecc generating Plants, ndustia! and nsttutonal plats, ental and ditt heating plans [ASME 831.3 ~Procoas Pin, incades piping win te property ts of faites ‘engaged inthe procasing or handing of chemical or peboloum or aed products [ASME 831.4- Liquid Peteloum Transposon ping, nssdes piping vanepocing liquid patoioun in petoleum preducs between producers facies and delivery ‘and rcowing points [ASME 831.8 Gas Tnsmissin and Disko Piping, includes gas anemission Pipelines, gas compressor stations [ASME Section Vil Divisions # and 2 - Pressure vessels [API American Petroleum Industry ‘APL G61 ~ A-cold heat exchangers for general refinery services 'API610 Centfuga pumps fr gonarl refinery services [API 611 - General purpose steam turbine fr refinery sencas [APL617 -Cantfugal compressor or general rein services [API 618 Reciprocating comprossor or general rrr services ‘API 65D Welded ste! tanks foro storage [NENA - National Electrical Manufacturers Assocation [5123 ~ Steam Turbines for mechariel dive service What are Rigid Struts Struts ar reid rods of adjustable longih Thay of slat red hangers excep hat they ae acted fo te pipe and to the Srucure by moans of brated gudos ‘ch allow maton in single plane. Thos, Timiod: movement of the pips whine angular “doplacement ef the StU i ‘lowed ‘for witout “resstance Any movement, howaver, nthe al deton Ofte struts suppressed Fld seus ean ake on saveral important functions sch s: absorption of shocks a the event of unschedvied leads: guiding of piping sysiams to enforced planned {hema deplacement stabilng of feb piping system by proving socated “zero postens' constuction of xe xed pons, primary vorical ner pipes. Exploring CAESAR II ‘Seting up coordinates. et uote cordats Gees press ALT. Seting up te creme fo st up tenement n Casa press ALTA Sstscog matrats tom ihe material torery Wo sc! nsenla om he ttl trary, press ALTAt Hangor rods Hanger rods are used to support nes fom above inet possi te suport be lem te otto of be pipe. More fan than ret, hanger rods require be approval of a. stess fnginoor. In” choosing anger rods, “suppor earnce ie Beng fonsidored between the fp to bo supported and he. swueure thatthe Tanger fed. ist be tached mn that the American evolu Teste (APY) rat eotablished in 1010 1B the tt National Trade Bssociaton in the Unites Stee to encompass al tranches ofthe petroleum industry. This organization Fis produced numorou landards applicable to a Sectors. of be petroleum industry, rom te. ing (al wots the storage tnd disbion of an end produce Plaing Eecicatons pubis by BPI ore the recognized Sandarés in hea industry tend ir nes SD) rwvor oamet. me. PHILIPPINES Pipe Stress Bas How are piping systems classified by stre ‘A. Critical Service Piping Systems ump urine, bower, and compressor ping Pong designed fr 800 F or goatr. Piping designed for 1000 pla or aeatr = Ping peas than 28 inches camer Piping comeced to sensive equipment, such 95 ‘ed heaters, fvfancocers. reactors ana bole. Ping supported or guded tom steceralived yom sais > orene 7. Sect ipo. B. Intermediate Service Piping Systems Piping designod for 250400 Piping designed for S00 209 pala, Pg fom Bin. 28in. ameter: Nonsae pipng ecu es. Peay and yard piping, Mild Service Piping Systems 1. or iping net indicated n ial and nermediate Piping Syste What are the basic loads considered by the stress engineer? 1. Primary Load (Sustained Load) — Rofere to the ype of load hat remains constant throughout the operating We ofa piping system. THs Inctudes the dead weigh of te pipe, vaves, insulation, fanges,enow, tthe: machanial loads, and the lv Wad represented by the Mowing tommy nthe pipe. 2, Secondary Load (Thermal Load) — Refers oth typeof lod hat goes through 2 eyle as the piping system heats yp and cools down in fs arma coufee of eperation. Loads due fo tema expansion, anchor oF Sucural movements due wed of seme, Tank oF equment ftemant are secondary loads, 3. Occasional Loads ~ Refers tothe typeof oad caused by wind, sisi, sv dlscharge, water hammas, and sug fow effects. Presoute wast {ee to weapons blast ects are als considered occasional nate. Exploring CAESAR Il . Highligh the syst 10 ae op eight in Casa press (at) hen press 6 an se! wn tern oe nog Bran Vio. sa ope plan vow ty CSea ress P(t). ten poss ‘Sis View "0 set pn ie wn Caner poss (a) an pre or 2 ies x& suppots ‘re suppor such as base ‘Uppers, rod hanger, thoes, ides and anchors Sahm ine dea races td mph Engnesing Proscs (0250400: Taba of tents: Fariation Sea. that Engine ‘aipports such a8 pring angers, spring an bose ‘supports, “srubber. rgd Siu and constant ‘Sppotepng hangers are sgned by Sess Engineers for a, spocte farpose and location. The Fiping Designer shoud fer any changes made 10 Fi SS rwvor pane Ine.- PHILIPPINES The problems encountered inthe design & sess analysis of cld piping system are ro front rom less exctc fut. Ping movement fo cot ping ar conractons fot expansions. These wil aller the mothed of supporing ana anchoring Be ple. “The suppers shouldbe pacod so that here wl be a manu of hea gin by ho fui Inthe pipe. Wood Or molded gi polyurethane ‘oom ie placed between the bo overoads a connected equipment Stress Computer Software _ Fur arias. fcsnsed pining Stecs corpus progam s COAbes CAESAR IL Ks 9 Took. wed. by to, stose engineers in Be anahels of Bing systems Bosed on data Such” assign conlons (lomporatie, pressure), cmc ‘onaions ook wind, fartauate). pipe sens and misters, commodty. suppor nd spor ioc auipment doa, slowed CAESAR I ncorpocatos ateches [ASME (dmarcan Sods‘ Mechanical Engineers) coves, API standarcs (American "Petoleum Instute, NEMA. (Nabonal Elecncal Manufacturers ‘Reeoiaton ne), et Flexible and Stiff Piping “The tu blow shows fo examples Of stH and ex pind. Whon ii is bjoded fo Gtnge in irpertwe and Whe pipe 6 No resvlned tam tspnan, no evens ae dveoped and fe p6e'bst spans or contact ‘hon te pel resid, svesoe ond forces &condersle marae a Oo Sture purine STEAM PIPE SPAN CHART (Proce 00 2202047) thar, aowance must be tnade for seviaions rom bre conditions given on te hat. In spec eases (ich, a6 special “pipe ators” ke pase Hes) see ress frgneer fr alowable ‘pan lnvormation, Roproved vondor catalogs nay be used f avaliable, arok {00.280.9823, ASME codes) al pips ongth ple clean Published by DIP Piping Stren rior pames ive. PHILIPPINES ipe Stress Basics = Squad checking Engineered Items BASE SRINGS AND SPRIN RS t= @ ‘Squad checking for spring supports is very important in ging te vender portent fermaton he neds ‘ve us the ght masel and type and ko to aves onusion and mszemmunicaion between the vendor ‘and the ping design. Notations ‘Check th view as shown wi Plant North, South, West or act 1B Chock the localonioreniaton of the spring Seale. Chock on the srengemant craving and piping layout i the scale can be Tad oF Socessed tom grade or noarby patorn (© Chock that tha minimum speciiod clearance ie avaiable, acm ny tere uit oon me rage the minimum long) gen by the ste enginer (or | Serkast ta ‘eforoncs) and put the actual mension, Dmorsion shall be 1b the neaeat 18" ofan neh If he minimum sesrancs an ot be mat inform the concerted stese engineer nmr. D Inaeate to cual Reference drawing number. The ‘olecence drawing number indeated by te sess Engineer ames fem the ste some sing or skate Tag assembly on the specifed nade number on the pipe sitese shat should be Indisted on the final fomete ‘oni, F Chock tho Service Temperature and insulation thickness from te ltet revision oft it and PI, 6. Indicate B.O.S. El. oF T.OS. EL of supeering stuctral member fr sping hangers screener terete H Submit the maximum load to the Stucure group for the Ssatauiabaragat ars ‘S2ing of her sructral members, SSS Aer respect to te| Fivor Dame. nc.- PHILPPINES SPRING SUPPORTS ‘Spring Hangers and Supports are vertically moving components used to compensate height displacements of piping due to thermal expansion, Primary springs are used to relieve loads on equipment nozzles. ‘Spring hangers are sized using operating conditone Types ar: Constant - spring wil exert the same iting fff as the pipe moves up of down and Is Used where verical movement of the pipelin is 50 great thatthe maximum allowable varidlity Cannot be met with a varlablesoad sping support Variable - spring's load carying capacity varies consiserably as the spring is compressed ‘or extended from a ‘xed reference point land is used when iis necessary to carry only the working dead weight or load of a piping systom ‘while allowing the. pipeline to. move. in’ bath horzontal and vertical directions. E41 The general rei om mos oh tration! andra ho van suport ce between cold (installation) and hot (operating) Benin ust not sx 20% of he opraing {Sac venabity porcntages are below 126 Consideration shouldbe given to using the slower eprng scl xcoting 25, to nxt hohe ping ssi mint ed betwee he bercenageemntone, te get percentage shou oo Ise Spring Varia aps byte om “6 Variability where ‘aria e vation in supporting a given amount of dsplacerent. This isthe Brncpal cvaideraton nthe selection af valle spring [hilg rate isthe snes in force per unt epacement ‘tzu defiecton,variaton of the pipe’ vere poston (GL cel oad ine cesawoigh tat carod by the spring afte intallaton TL: hotinad, ten syst sn operston andthe spring supports altered ‘rom scala cade poston STEAM A spring wil probably be tequlred for top. suction and discharge ine when Pump nozzle see is wo or mare sizes smaller than bene and valve sacs. Pump nozzle Is the same See ae the Ine and valve ‘atngs or 2008 or more.

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