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} {
Technology Processes Automation

|
@i@@N
Copyright 2012 Walid Balid - All rights reserved.
| 2011-2012
Page | 1
} {Serial Communications
0B
:
6B
:
.
.

.

.
Serial Communications
Parallel Communications
| 2011-2012
Asynchronous
Synchronous
LPT
I2C
ISA
EISA
SPI
PS2
Morse code telegraphy
o
o
)RS-232 (COM Port
VESA
ATA
RS-423
RS-485
SCSI
PCI
)Universal Serial Bus (USB
FireWire
PCMCIA
Ethernet
IEEE-1284
IEEE-488
Fiber Channel
InfiniBand
MIDI
DMX512
Serial ATA
SpaceWire
PCI Express
SONET and SDH
T-1, E-1
Page | 2
} {UART
1B
:(Universal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter Interface) UART

RS232 TTL
RS232 .UART
) (MCU-MCU ).(MCU-PC
AVR :
:UART .TXD, RXD
:USART TXD, RXD

XCK .
):(UART Frame Format

UART RS232
.
St : Start bit, always low.

Data bits : (0 to 8).
)P : Parity bit (Can be odd or even
Sp : Stop bit, always high.
IDLE : No transfers on the communication line (RxD or TxD), IDLE line is high.
| 2011-2012
Page | 3
:1 AVR ...UART
AVR UART :
MCU-A A MCU-A MCU-B
MCU-B A .D2 :
MCU-B B MCU-B MCU-A MCU-A B
.D1
...
| 2011-2012
Page | 4
:Bascom-AVR MCU-A
'-----------------------[Definitions]
$regfile = "m8def.dat"
$crystal = 8000000
$baud = 9600
'-----------------------[GPIO Configuration]
Config Pinb.0 = Input : Switch Alias Pinb.0 : Portb.0 = 1
Config Pinb.1 = Output : Led Alias Portb.1
'
'-----------------------[Variables]
Dim Var As Byte
'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
'--->[Main Program]
Do
If Ischarwaiting() = 1 Then
Var = Inkey()
If Var = "B" Then Toggle Led
End If
If Switch = 0 Then
Print "A" : Waitms 200
End If
Loop
End
'---<[End Main]
'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
:Bascom-AVR MCU-B
'-----------------------[Definitions]
$regfile = "m8def.dat"
$crystal = 8000000
$baud = 9600
'-----------------------[GPIO Configuration]
Config Pinb.0 = Input : Switch Alias Pinb.0 : Portb.0 = 1
Config Pinb.1 = Output : Led Alias Portb.1
'-----------------------[Variables]
Dim Var As Byte
'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
'--->[Main Program]
Do
If Ischarwaiting() = 1 Then
Var = Inkey()
If Var = "A" Then Toggle Led
End If
If Switch = 0 Then
Print "B" : Waitms 200
End If
Loop
End
'---<[End Main]
'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Page | 5
| 2011-2012
} {RS232
2B
DTE .DCE
TTL :
:0 " "Space .+3V ~ +25V
:1 " "Mark .-3V ~ -25V
:x .-3V ~ +3V
: 25V GND
.500mA
| 2011-2012
Page | 6
:RS232
7B
)(Disadvantages
8B
)(Advantages
System-to-System
Chip-2-Chip
.Chip-2-Sensor

.
.RS232<>TTL
.Single Master/Single Slave

.
50

.
)(25
).(0 , 1
.
RS232 :
RS232 Serial Port COM
.
Address
Port
0x3F8
COM1
0x2F8
COM2
0x3E8
COM3
0x2E8
COM4
COMx DB-9Pin :
| 2011-2012
Page | 7
) (1, 2, 3, ., 9 :
Description
Function
Direction
Name
Pin
Carrier Detect
Control
In
CD
Receive Data
Data
In
RXD
Transmit Data
Data
Out
TXD
Data Terminal Ready
Control
Out
DTR
System Ground
Ground
---
GND
Data Set Ready
Control
In
DSR
Request to Send
Control
Out
RTS
Clear to Send
Control
In
CTS
Ring Indicator
Control
In
RI
):CD Carrier Detect (Control sent from DCE to DTE

.
):RxD Receive Data (Data sent from DCE to DTE
) (DCE ) .(DTE ) Mark state, 0 or
(Positive ) (Idle State, 1 or Negative .

):TxD Transmit Data (Data sent from DTE to DCE
) (DTE ) .(DCE )(Mark state, 0 or Positive
) (Idle State, 1 or Negative .
):DTR Data Terminal Ready (Control sent from DTE to DCE
) (DTE ) (DCE
.
| 2011-2012
Page | 8
):DSR Data Set Ready (Control sent from DCE to DTE

) (DCE ) .(DTE ) (0
) (1 .
):RTS Request To Send (Control sent from DTE to DCE
) (DCE ) (DTE
. ) (0
) (1 .
):CTS Clear To Send (Control sent from DCE to DTE
) (DTE
) (DCE . )(0
) (1 .
):RI Ring Indicator (Control sent from DCE to DTE
) (DTE
.
9B
:RS232
TxD RxD
:
) (Hardware handshaking )(RTS, CTS

) (TxD, RxD :
CTS .
RTS
RTS ) (.
:
.
| 2011-2012
Page | 9
RTS
.
:RS232
10B
SPECIFICATIONS
RS232
RS423
SINGLE-ENDED
SINGLE-ENDED
1DRIVER/1RECVR
1DRIVER/10RECVR
Maximum Cable Length
50 FT
4000 FT
Maximum Data Rate
20kb/s
100kb/s
Maximum Driver Output Voltage
25V
6V
5V to 15V
3.6V
25V
6V
3k to 7k
>=450
Mode of Operation
Total Number of Drivers and Receivers on One Line
Driver Output Signal Level (Loaded Min.)
Loaded
Driver Output Signal Level (Unloaded Max)
Unloaded
Driver Load Impedance (Ohms)

Max. Driver Current in High Z State
Power On
N/A
N/A
Max. Driver Current in High Z State
Power Off
6mA @ 2v
100uA
30V/S
Adjustable
Receiver Input Voltage Range
15V
12V
Receiver Input Sensitivity
3V
200mV
3k to 7k
4k min
Slew Rate (Max.)
Receiver Input Resistance (Ohms)
Shield 24AWG
.100 16PF/FT
Page | 10
| 2011-2012
) (Synchronized ):(Asynchronous
1B
: )( : ) clock or
(strobe
) (.
: \ .
: ) ( : )(Start Bit

) (Stop Bit
.
| 2011-2012
Page | 11
:
.
:
: ) (Half-Duplex ).(Full-Duplex
.6, 7 or 8 bit :
).(Baud Rate
) (Parity Bit
).(Even or Odd
).(1, 1.5 or 2
) :(Half-Duplex
.
) :(Full-Duplex
.
) :(Parity Bit
.
Even 0
.1 .
10110010 > Parity Bit = 0 | 10110110 > Parity Bit = 1
Odd 0
.1 .
10110010 > Parity Bit = 1 | 10110110 > Parity Bit = 0
| 2011-2012
Page | 12
) :(N 5, 6, 7 or 8bit
: N=7bit .ASCII=127
) :(Stop Bit 1, 1.5 or 2 ..
) :(Baud Rate
:
300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200, etc
| 2011-2012
= /
Page | 13
RS232 :
| 2011-2012
Page | 14
RS232 :
8250-UART
.
/ ):(IOR, Input/Output Register
COM1: 0x3F8 | COM2: 0x2F8
RxD .TxD
):(LCR, Line Control Register

COM1: 0x3FB | COM2: 0x2FB
)( .
):(LSR, Line Status Register

COM1: 0x3FD | COM2: 0x2FD
):(MCR, Modem Control Register

COM1: 0x3FC | COM2: 0x2FC
)( .8250
| 2011-2012
Page | 15
):(MSR, Modem Status Register

COM1: 0x3FE | COM2: 0x2FE
dxxx=1 .
):(IER, Interrupt Enable Register

COM1: 0x3F9 | COM2: 0x2F9
COM ) (1 Active
IRQ4 COM1 IRQ3 .COM2
):(IIR, Interrupt Identification Register

COM1: 0x3FA | COM2: 0x2FA
.
| 2011-2012
Page | 16
: COM3
.
:
8250 1.8432MHZ
"."Divisor
1.8432 106
=
16
: 9600bps Divisor
1.8432 106
1.8432 106
=
=
= 12
16
16 9600
D=12 UART8250:
| 2011-2012
Page | 17
Bit7=1 ).(LCR
) (LSB ).(0x3F8
) (MSB ).(0x3F9
Bit7=0 ).(LCR
COM :VB, MVS2008.net
) ActiveX & OCX
(Components
Bios .
.
VB6 MSComm (MSCOMM32.ocx) OCX
COM .
: System32
SP6 VB6 .
Standard EXE
VB6 Enterprice Edition
.
| 2011-2012
Page | 18
Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 VB6

" "SerialPort .net
).(VB.net, C#.net or C++.net
SerialPort ) (
.VB6
: :VB6
) (COM
.
).(Test1/ProjRS232.vbp

" "OutGoing " Send
"Data

" "InComing .
| 2011-2012
Page | 19
:
Private Sub Form_Load()
MSComm1.CommPort = 1
MSComm1.Settings = "9600,N,8,1"
MSComm1.RThreshold = 1
MSComm1.InputLen = 0
MSComm1.InBufferCount = 0
End Sub
Private Sub cmdClear_Click()
txtOutput.Text = ""
txtInput.Text = ""
End Sub
Private Sub optCOM1_Click()
End Sub
Private Sub optCOM2_Click()
End Sub
Private Sub optOpen_Click()
MSComm1.PortOpen = True
End Sub
Private Sub optClose_Click()
MSComm1.PortOpen = Flase
End Sub
Private Sub optTXT_Click()
MSComm1.InputMode = comInputModeText
End Sub
Private Sub optBIN_Click()
MSComm1.InputMode = comInputModeBinary
End Sub
Private Sub cmdSendData_Click()
Page | 20
| 2011-2012

)MSComm1.Output = txtOutput.Text & Chr(13
End Sub
)(Private Sub cmdExit_Click
If MSComm1.PortOpen = True Then MSComm1.PortOpen = Flase
End
End Sub
)(Private Sub MSComm1_OnComm
Static sBuff As String
If MSComm1.CommEvent = comEvReceive Then
If optBIN.Value = True Then
)sBuff = sBuff & StrConv(MSComm1.Input, vbUnicode
txtInput.Text = sBuff
Else
txtInput.Text = txtInput.Text & MSComm1.Input
End If
End If
End Sub
:MSComm
MSComm1.CommPort = N
" "N .
"MSComm1.Settings = "Baud,Parity,Bits,Stop
) (.
MSComm1.RThreshold = n
") "comEvReceive (
n=0 .
MSComm1.InputLen = n
n=0
.
MSComm1.InBufferSize = n
).(1~1024
MSComm1.OutBufferSize = n
).(1~1024
MSComm1.InBufferCount = n
.
| 2011-2012
Page | 21
MSComm1.OutBufferCount = n
MSComm1.PortOpen = True | Flase
| .
MSComm1.InputMode = comInputModeText | comInputModeBinary
) | ( " "Input .
var = MSComm1.InPut
MSComm1.OutPut = var
.
.
MSComm1.CommEvent = Value
Value
CD
comEvCD
CTS
comEvCTS
DSR
comEvDSR
RI
comEvRing
RThreshold .
SThreshold .
).(vbCrLf
comEvReceive
comEvSend
comEvEOF
MSComm1.DTREnable = True | Flase
| | .DTR ) (True 1 0
. ) (Flase 0 .
MSComm1.Handshaking = comNone|comRTS|comXOnXoff|comRTSXOnXOff
MSComm1.RTSEnable = True | Flase
| | RTS .Hardware ) (True 1

0 . ) (Flase 0 .
| 2011-2012
Page | 22
:
:
) :(Poling the Port
.

) (Header Byte ).(Footer Byte
) :(OnComm() event
OnComm .

.
| 2011-2012
Page | 23
: :Matlab
Matlab

:
)obj = serial('Port','PropertyName',PropertyValue,...
;)'Ser = serial('COM1','BaudRate',9600,'DataBits',8, 'Parity','non
) (.
)fopen(obj
;)fopen(Ser
)fclose(obj
;)fclose(Ser
)delete(obj
;)delete(Ser
)fprintf(fid, format, A, ...

;)'fprintf(Ser,'This is Test
) (TXT .
)fwrite(fid, format, A, ...

;)fwrite(Ser,4
) (BIN .
)A = fscanf(fid, format
;)A = fscanf(Ser
) (TXT .
)A = fread(fid
;)A = fread(Ser
) (BIN .
| 2011-2012
Page | 24
:
ser = serial('COM1','BaudRate',9600,'DataBits',8);
fopen(ser)
fprintf(ser,'This is Test')
A = fscanf(ser);
fprintf(ser,A)
for i=1:5
fwrite(ser,i);
end
A = fread(ser);
fwrite(ser,A);
fclose(ser)
delete(ser)
clear ser
Page | 25
| 2011-2012
:1 AVR (TTL) UART ......(RS232) COM

AVR UART (RS232) COM
.
:TTL <> RS232

RS232

TTL
) (Adapter .
Max232
.TTL<>RS232
TTL<>RS232 ) (RS232
) (UART .Max232
| 2011-2012
Page | 26
TTL<>RS232 ) (RS232
) (UART .
| 2011-2012
Page | 27
} {RS485
3B
:RS485
RS485 .
) (A,B VA<VB
1 VA>VB .0
.1
RS485
A B
.
:RS485
.RS485
LTC
MAXIM
TI
ST
LTC485
MAX485
SN75176
ST485
| 2011-2012
Page | 28
:RS485
. RS485
SPECIFICATIONS
RS422
RS485
Differential
Differential
1DRIVER
1DRIVER
32DRIVER
1RECVR
10RECVR
10RECVR
32RECVR
Maximum Cable Length
50 FT
4000 FT
4000 FT
4000 FT
Maximum Data Rate
20kb/s
100kb/s
10Mb/s 100Kb/s
10Mb/s 100Kb/s
Maximum Driver Output Voltage
25V
6V
-0.25V to +6V
-7V to +12V
5V to 15V
3.6V
2.0V
1.5V
25V
6V
6V
6V
3k to 7k
>=450
100
54
Power On
N/A
N/A
N/A
100uA
Power Off
6mA @ 2v
100uA
100uA
100uA
30V/S
Adjustable
N/A
N/A
Receiver Input Voltage Range
15V
12V
-10V to +10V
-7V to +12V
Receiver Input Sensitivity
3V
200mV
200mV
200mV
3k to 7k
4k min
4k min
>=12k
Mode of Operation
Total Number of Drivers and
Receivers on One Line
Driver Output Signal

Level (Loaded Min.)
Driver Output Signal
Level (Unloaded Max)
Loaded
Unloaded
Driver Load Impedance (Ohms)

Max. Driver Current in
High Z State
Max. Driver Current in
High Z State
Slew Rate (Max.)
Receiver Input Resistance (Ohms)
RS232
RS423
SINGLE-
SINGLE-
ENDED
ENDED
1DRIVER
RS-485 drivers provide a differential output of a minimum 1.5V across a 54- load
RS-485 receivers detect a differential input down to 200mV.
Page | 29
| 2011-2012
:

.RS485
:
.
RS485 :
A B
:
: 15Meter Daisy Chain
.Backbone with Stubs
| 2011-2012
Page | 30
: RS485
. .
| 2011-2012
Page | 31
RS485 ):(Half-Duplex Bus Structures in RS-485

RS485 ) (Driver
) (Receivers .
) MAX485 32( ) MAX1487 128(
RS485 ):(Full-Duplex Bus Structures in RS-485

)( RS485
) (Driver ) (Receivers .
| 2011-2012
Page | 32
) MAX489 32( ) MAX491 128(
:(RS-485 Bus Termination Resistor) RS485

RS485 ) (120 ohm :
. ) !!(.
:(RS-485 Max Bus Capacitance) RS485

RS485 RS485 ) 4000pF
( . Cable Capacitance = 11pF / ft = 3.35pF / m
Driver Capacitance = 30pF 1Km 32 .
!Total Cap = (3.35 x 1000) + (30 x 32) = 4310 > 4000
) (Max1487, 15pF
).(CAT5, 9pF/ft
| 2011-2012
Page | 33
RS485 :
:
PASSIVE DUPLEX CONTROL (AUTOMATIC)
) ACTIVE DUPLEX CONTROL (RTS Pin
: :Passive Duplex ) (RO, DI RS485 Driver

) (DE/RE
. :
) :(No data to send 1

) .(Idle
) :(Master sends a request

) (Start Bit
) (Stop Bit ) (Check sum
).(Idle
) :(Slave sends a response

add = 07

.
| 2011-2012
Page | 34
: :Active Duplex RS485 Driver

) (RTS Control /.
:
) :(No data to send
) (RTS ) .(1
.
) :(Master sends a request

) (Start Bit
) (Stop Bit ) (Check sum

).(Idle
) :(Slave sends a response add
= 07

.
| 2011-2012
Page | 35
MODBUS :RS485
MODEBUS
) (Multi Master/Slave
.
MODEBUS ) (Master Device ) Slave
.(Device
MODEBUS ) (Query ) (Master Device ):(Slave Device
CRC
Data
Start
Address Lo
Start
Address Hi
Function
Code
Byte
Count
Slave
Address
CRC
CRC Low
CRC Hi
Stream
Start
Address
Byte Count
Function
Code
Slave
Address
1~2 byte
0 ~ 252 byte
2 byte
1 byte
1 byte
1 byte
Data
:Slave Address ).(1~252

:Function code .
:Byte Count .
:Start Address .
:Data Stream ).(255 byte max
:(Cyclic Redundancy Check) CRC .
Inter-frame-time t3.5
| 2011-2012
Page | 36
) (Data t1.5
!
:
| Inter-character time-out (t1.5) = 750s
Inter-frame delay (t3.5) = 1.750ms
9600bps 70Byte

.Slave address
:
1000 = .
70 8 = 560
560
9600
58ms
.t3.5= 1.75ms
MODEBUS ) (Responce ) (Slave ):(Master
Slave

.
| 2011-2012
CRC
CRC Low
CRC Hi
Byte Count
Function
Code
Slave
Address
1~2 byte
1 byte
1 byte
1 byte
Page | 37
: ) (Slave .CRC
| :RS485
RS485 : ) (Half-Duplex ) (Full-Duplex
.
.
RS485
.
| 2011-2012
Page | 38
):(RS232<>RS458
.RS232<>RS458
| 2011-2012
Page | 39
):(RS232<>UART<>RS458
.RS232<>UART<>RS458 Max485
UART Max232 UART

.
.RS232<>UART<>RS458
| 2011-2012
Page | 40
(RS485 Adapter <> UART) RS485
| 2011-2012
Page | 41
} {USB
4B
LPT COM USB Firewire

USB .
:

127
16
1.5M, 12M, 480M
RS-232
50-100
20k -115k
RS-485
4000
10M
IrDA
115k
Microwire
10
2M
SPI
I2C
10
2.1M
40
18
3.4M
FireWire
64
15
400M-3.2G
IEEE-488
15
60
8M
Ethernet
1024
1600
10M/100M/1G
MIDI
50
31.5k
LPT
10-30
8M
USB
)(
bits/sec
:USB
.480Mb/s
Plug & Play .
.
127 .
:USB
USB 1.0 & USB 1.1 & USB 2.0 & USB 3.0 :USB :
Low Speed 1.5 Mbits/s .USB 1.0
Full Speed 12 Mbits/s .USB 1.1
| 2011-2012
Page | 42
High Speed 480 Mbits/s .USB 2.0

4800 Mbits/s .USB 3.0
:USB
USB Host Controlled )
(
USB
On-The-Go
.
USB :
.
.
USB HUB
.
| 2011-2012
Page | 43
:Plug& Play
USB Plug & Play
USB .
.
.
. VID, PID
USB
.
:USB
USB :
:A .
:B .
.
USB : +5v & GND .D- & D+
1
) VCC(
D-
)(
D+
)(
) GND 4(
USB D+&D- ' '1
' '1 '0' D+ D-
.
| 2011-2012
Page | 44
:(Non Return to Zero Invert) NRZI

USB NRZI
. ' '0 ' '1 ' '0
' '1 .
' '1
.
:
USB D- D+
:
: .D-
.1
.2 : .D+
.3 : .
| 2011-2012
Page | 45
:USB
USB
.USB
:(USB Device) USB USB
) (Host Controller IC ) (USB Function
USB .
:USB Function USB .
) :(Endpoint USB Function USB
Function ) (Endpoint )(Out

) (In .
USB
.EP2 In
USB Function
:
| 2011-2012
Page | 46
EP1 In USB1 USB1

:
][Addr : 2] [Endpoint : EP1] [In
:Pipe Pipe :
) ( .Pipe :
Pipe0 EP0 In & EP0 Out : .

:
Pipe :
).(Control Transfers
).(Interrupt Transfers
).(Isochronous Transfers
).(Bulk Transfers
:USB
USB ) (Frame )(USB1.1, USB2.0
: ) (1ms
).(125s
) (Transaction .
:
:Token Packet :
:In Token :
.1
.2
:Synchronization .
:(Packet Identity) PID
.
.3
:Address 128.
| 2011-2012
Page | 47
.4
.5
:Endpoint .
:(Cyclic Redundancy Check) CRC 5 .
:Out Token ).(In

: Setup Token Control Transfer .In
: Start of frame Token 1ms500ns
) (Frame number 11.
) :(Data Packet :
.Data0
.1
.2 .Data1
1024bit CRC 16bit .
) :(Handshake Packet :
:Acknowledge .
:Not acknowledge
.
:Stall
.
| 2011-2012
Page | 48
USB
| 2011-2012
Page | 49
:USB
USB USB
:
) (Hardware .USB
.1
.2 .

USB

USB USB
UART
USB
.
FT232 USB<>UART
.FTDI
USB ) (Hardware

USB .
) (D2XX driver & VCP driver :

.COM
| 2011-2012
Page | 50
):(D2XX driver & VCP driver

VCP Driver
D2XX.DLL Driver
300 KB/s
3MB
:(Virtual Com Port) VCP USB Com

USB Com.
:D2XX.DLL
.DLL
:FT232BM
.
FTDI ).(VCP & D2XX.DLL
.USB1.1, USB2.0
.
300kb~3Mb .
FIFO 256.
FIFO 128.
VID, PID .
.
USB USB
USB .USB
| 2011-2012
Page | 51
11 .

PWREN# .
| 2011-2012
Page | 52
) (Sleep mode ) 3ms (

Sleep=1
.
Wake up

.
USB Serial Interface ) SIE
(Engine :
USB .USB
.CRC
.Start Of Packet, End Of Packet, Resume, Reset
.NRZI
).(PID
) (USB Transceiver USB2.0, USB1.1
D+ .
| 2011-2012
Page | 53
AVR (TTL) UART .(Differential) USB
(RS232) COM ...(Differential) USB
| 2011-2012
Page | 54
USB (RS485 Adapter <> USB) RS485
| 2011-2012
Page | 55
RS485
| 2011-2012
Page | 56
} {LabVIEW
5B
):(Graphical Hardware Programming Language

12B
. :
.[428]Agilent VEE .[429]National Instruments LabVIEW.[430]Microsoft Visual Programming Language (MVPL) -
" "Agilent VEE

. 28-3 Agilent
.VEE Pro 9.2
1-3
Agilent VEE Pro 9.2
" "Microsoft Visual Programming Language

. 29-3 .MVPL
2-3 MVPL
| 2011-2012
Page | 57
LabVIEW
.
):(The Importance of Graphical Programming
13B
Moor
) (FPGAs, Multi-core MPUs, SoCs
. 30-3 .
3-3
)(
FPAG
) (Synthesizable .

.

: C
].[431,432
] [433 FPGA
. ] [434-436
) .(Dataflow 31-3
. 32-3 .
| 2011-2012
Page | 58
4-3
5-3

] .[437
] [438 ] [439
) (Flowchart .
:(LabVIEW Programming Environment) LabVIEW
14B
LabVIEW " "Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench

National Instruments
][428
1980s
].[422

) (Design ) (Prototype )Deploy ) MCUs,
MPUs, Multi-core, FPGAs, DSPs, ) PLC, Vision,
(Communications, Control, Measurements, Mechatronics

| 2011-2012
Page | 59
) (C, HDL, .m file

. 33-3 .LabVIEW
6-3 LabVIEW
:(The LabVIEW Environment Parts) LabVIEW

15B
-1 )(Front Panel
-2 )(Block Diagram
-3 )(Project Explorer
7-3 LabVIEW
| 2011-2012
Page | 60
16B
8-3 LabVIEW
)(Front Panel
) (GUI ") "Controls

( ) .(Controls Palette 36-3
.LabVIEW
9-3 LabVIEW

. 37-3 "."Controls Palette
10-3 " "Controls Palette LabVIEW

| 2011-2012
Page | 61
):(Block Diagram
17B
) (C, C++, Jave

) (Functions Palette
. 38-3 .LabVIEW
39-3 "."Functions Palette
11-3 LabVIEW
12-3 " "Functions Palette LabVIEW
LabVIEW ) (For..Next, Do..While :

) (IfThen :
.
| 2011-2012
Page | 62
40-3 .LabVIEW
13-3 LabVIEW
LabVIEW G
) (High-level Design Models Simulation-Module
Matlab-Simulink StateChart Module ) HDL,
(C/C++, .m file . 41-3

.
14-3 LabVIEW
LabVIEW ):(LabVIEW, "G" Dataflow Programming

18B
LabVIEW " (Graphical) "G

" "G
| 2011-2012
Page | 63
. " "G :
) object-oriented
) (recursion ) (event handling
.(programming
LabVIEW G
) (Dataflow
)(
- .C++ & C
G ) (Dataflow
- -
) ( LabVIEW
.

19B
:(Benefits of G Programming) G
.
):(Intuitive Graphical Programming

" " ) (Visual Thinkers
.
.
.
G
)

| 2011-2012
Page | 64
42-3
.LabVIEW
15-3
LabVIEW
):(Interactive Debugging Tools

G LabVIEW

. LabVIEW
).(Execution Highlighting
16-3 " "Execution Highlighting
LabVIEW
LabVIEW G :
) (Probes ) (Break Points ).(Step-by-Step
G

LabVIEW
| 2011-2012
Page | 65
LabVIEW
.

):(Automatic Parallelism and Performance
.
LabVIEW
C C++
. / ) (Producer/Consumer
G While
Queues
. 44-3 .Producer/Consumer
17-3 LabVIEW Producer/Consumer

. 40

.

) (Pipelining, Task and Data Parallelism ) (Multithreading )
( .

| 2011-2012
Page | 66
. G ) (Multitasking
LabVIEW
.

" Implicit Parallelism
G . 45-3 .
18-3 ) (Automatic Multithreading
LabVIEW
46-3
. 47-3 " "Data Parallelism Quad-core .LabVIEW
19-3 " "Data Parallelism Quad-core
20-3 " "Data Parallelism Quad-core

| 2011-2012
Page | 67
LabVIEW
48-3 " "Pipelining .

49-3 " "Pipelining .LabVIEW
21-3 " "Pipelining

Sequential
Pipelining
4-Channels
22-3 ) (Sequential ) (4L.Pipelining
LabVIEW
50-3 ) (Real-time
).(1,2,n
Core-1
23-3 LabVIEW
| 2011-2012
Page | 68
Core-2
:(Parallelism on FPGA Chips) FPGA

) (FPGAs

.
FPGA
FPGA FPGA
].[433

G FPGA
G
) (Parallelism

. 51-3
LabVIEW FPGA .
24-3 LabVIEW FPGA
):(Abstraction of Low-Level Tasks

. G
) (
.
| 2011-2012
Page | 69
.
.
G
LabVIEW
.
G
" "Profile Performance & Memory LabVIEW
LabVIEW .
52-3 .LabVIEW
25-3
LabVIEW
G
" ."LabVIEW Desktop Execution Trace Toolkit
:

. 53-3

"."Execution Trace
| 2011-2012
Page | 70
26-3 " "Execution Trace LabVIEW
G ):(Combining G with Other Languages

G
LabVIEW
LabVIEW .
LabVIEW ) (Formula Node
)( .LabVIEW 54-3 C-node

C/C++ .LabVIEW
27-3 C LabVIEW
C-node
) (MathScript Node LabVIEW

" (Matlab) ".m file . 55-3 MathScript-Node
" ".m file .LabVIEW
HDL .HDL-Node
| 2011-2012
Page | 71
28-3 " ".m file LabVIEW MathScript-Node
):(Textual vs. Graphical Programming

20B
56-3
. LabVIEW

] .[444
.
Design Algorithm
Graphical
Programming
Simulate Program
Test System
1.
2.
Target Hardware
3.
Make Algorithm Compatible
Optimize Algorithm
Traditional Languages
Simulate Algorithm
Download and Deploy
29-3 -
| 2011-2012
Page | 72
30-3 .DSP
57-3 LabVIEW-DSP
LabVIEW

LabVIEW
.
58-3 ) (DAQ
. LabVIEW
) .(58-3a
50
).(58-3b
)(a
)(b
31-3
58-3 -59-3
LabVIEW .
.
| 2011-2012
Page | 73
32-3
59-3
) ( .60-3
Do-while Times-loop
.
33-3
FPGA ) (DIO: Data In/out FPGA

61-3b .
60 .
)(a
)(b
34-3
| 2011-2012
Page | 74
FPGA
61-3
62-3
) (Floating point
.
35-3
FPGA
62-3 SRAM
FPGA LabVIEW DMA-FIFO 63-3
66 4000 !
66Pages ~4000Lines
36-3 FPGA
):(Conclusion
21B
Moor
) (FPGAs, Multi-core MPUs, SoCs

.

) : (FPGAs
| 2011-2012
Page | 75
. ) :
( .

: C
. )(LabVIEW
.

.
| 2011-2012
Page | 76
:LabVIEW
2B
LabVIEW :
NI LabVIEW 2011
NI VISA 511full
NI-VISA_Runtime
) (Write.vi COM
) (Read.vi COM...
:LabVIEW2011
:LabVIEW2011

23B
24B
30 2012
25B
| 2011-2012
Page | 77

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Technology Processes Automation

Technology Processes Automation

Morse code telegraphy

)RS-232 (COM Port

)Universal Serial Bus (USB

SONET and SDH

Technology Processes Automation

:(Universal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter Interface) UART

:UART .TXD, RXD

:USART TXD, RXD

):(UART Frame Format

St : Start bit, always low.

Technology Processes Automation

Technology Processes Automation

Technology Processes Automation

RS232 Serial Port COM

Technology Processes Automation

Data Terminal Ready

Data Set Ready

):CD Carrier Detect (Control sent from DCE to DTE

(Positive ) (Idle State, 1 or Negative .

Technology Processes Automation

):DSR Data Set Ready (Control sent from DCE to DTE

) (Hardware handshaking )(RTS, CTS

Technology Processes Automation

Maximum Cable Length

Maximum Data Rate

Maximum Driver Output Voltage

Driver Output Signal Level (Loaded Min.)

Driver Output Signal Level (Unloaded Max)

Driver Load Impedance (Ohms)

Max. Driver Current in High Z State

Receiver Input Voltage Range

Receiver Input Sensitivity

Slew Rate (Max.)

Receiver Input Resistance (Ohms)

Technology Processes Automation

Technology Processes Automation

Technology Processes Automation

) :(Stop Bit 1, 1.5 or 2 ..

Technology Processes Automation

Technology Processes Automation

):(LCR, Line Control Register

):(LSR, Line Status Register

):(MCR, Modem Control Register

Technology Processes Automation

):(MSR, Modem Status Register

):(IER, Interrupt Enable Register

):(IIR, Interrupt Identification Register

Technology Processes Automation

Technology Processes Automation

Technology Processes Automation

Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 VB6

Technology Processes Automation

Technology Processes Automation

MSComm1.PortOpen = True | Flase

MSComm1.InputMode = comInputModeText | comInputModeBinary

MSComm1.DTREnable = True | Flase

MSComm1.RTSEnable = True | Flase

| | RTS .Hardware ) (True 1

Technology Processes Automation

Technology Processes Automation