Geography (Mains) Previous 33 Years Question Papers (1979-2011) by (WWW - Mrunal.org) For UPSC IAS IPS Exam

Page 1 of 51 Geography 1979
Geography (Mains) UPSC

Last 33 years papers [1979-2011]
By
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Stupid Index
Geography 1979...................................................................................................................................................................... 1
Geography 1980...................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Geography 1981...................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Geography 1982...................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Geography 1983...................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Geography 1984...................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Geography 1985................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Geography 1986................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Geography 1987................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Geography 1988................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Geography 1989................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Geography 1990................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Geography 1991................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Geography 1992................................................................................................................................................................... 21
Geography 1993................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Geography 1994................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Geography 1995................................................................................................................................................................... 26
Geography 1996................................................................................................................................................................... 27
Geography 1997................................................................................................................................................................... 29
Geography 1998................................................................................................................................................................... 30
Geography 1999................................................................................................................................................................... 32
Geography 2000................................................................................................................................................................... 33
Geography 2001................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Geography 2002................................................................................................................................................................... 36
Geography 2003................................................................................................................................................................... 37
Geography 2004................................................................................................................................................................... 38
Geography 2005................................................................................................................................................................... 40
Geography 2006................................................................................................................................................................... 41
Geography 2007................................................................................................................................................................... 42
Geography 2008................................................................................................................................................................... 44
Geography 2009................................................................................................................................................................... 45
Geography 2010................................................................................................................................................................... 47
Geography 2011................................................................................................................................................................... 49
G e o g rap h y 1 97 9
PAPER- I
Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and any four of the remaining questions, selecting
two from Section A and any two from Section B. All questions carry equal marks.
1. On the map of India supplied to you, mark and name the following:
(a) The mean annual isohyets of 100cm.
(b) The regions of Regur (black cotton) soils.
(c) The four most important centres for the manufacture of iron and steel.
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(d) Four of the most vulnerable tracts of India likely to be inundated by cyclonic storms.
(e) Morvi, Marble falls, Chukha project, Kalpakkam, Sri Hari Kota and Thumba.
OR
On the map of the World provided, name and mark the following:
(a) The International Dateline
(b) The horse latitudes
(c) The Air India route linking Delhi with New York via Moscow and London
(d) The Durand line
(e) The Great Wall of China
(f) Diego Garcia
(g) Namibia
(h) Ruhr
(i) Kalgoorlie
(j) Benguela current
(k) The mid-Atlantic rise
(l) The Great Barrier reef of Australia
SECTION A
2. What light does the study of earthquake, waves throw on the inner constitution of the
earth?
3. Discuss the polar Front theory and examine how far it can be applied to explain the
origin of tropical cyclones.
4. What factors control the density of ocean waters? Show how differences of surface
density determine the movements of water (a) in the open ocean and (b) between the
ocean and its partially enclosed seas.
5. The land regulates the destinies of peoples with a blind brutality (Ratzal). Discuss
fully the arguments in favour and against this view.
6. The 49th parallel is a boundary without a frontier the Himalayas is a frontier without a
boundary. Discuss fully, bringing out the implications of this to the countries involved.
SECTION - B
7. Examine the aims and assets the achievements of Prince Henry and Navigator.
8. The successful location of iron and steel plants is largely a matter of transportation
costs, not merely of raw materials but also of finished products. Discuss with illustrate
examples.
9. Till about 1700 A.D. the history of India, was to a large extent delimited by its
Geography. Analyse fully.
10. Describe the main racial characteristics and the cultural attainments of either the Todas
or the Santhals.
11. The distinction between Wet-Zone and Dry-Zone is fundamental in the agriculture
of the Monsoon lands, resulting in typical crop combinations. Discuss with respect to
either India or China.
PAPER-II-1979
SECTION A
1. With the help of selected examples, explain the relative importance of raw materials,
and markets in the location and development of cotton textile industry.
2. Explain the significance of diagnostic surveys for regional planning.
3. Give a critical assessment of the concept of rural urban fringe. What criteria would
you suggest to democrat the rural urban fringe of Indian cities?
4. The direct effect of physical factors on the distribution of population tends to decline
Page 3 of 51 GEOGRAPHY 1980

as civilization becomes more advanced. Discuss this statement.
5. Calculate the coefficient of correlation from the following data:
Average Rainfall in inches in different Districts
32 38 27 44 33 24
Density of Population per sq. mile
450 500 400 550 450 350
6. No aviator or navigator can do without the charts based on Mercators and Gnomonic
projections in order to reach his destination covering the least possible distance. Justify this
statement.
SECTION -B
7. Give the geographical factors which affect the distribution and density of population in
India. Is India over-populated? Discuss the various measures for solving the population
problem of India.
8. Account for the causes of soil erosion in India and discuss the method to control it.
9. Comment on the development of iron and steel industry in India since Independence
and elucidate the future prospects of the Industry.
10. A correct delineation and articulation of economic regions in geographic terms is an
essential pre-requisite of economic development in developing country. Justify this
statement with reference to economic regionalization in India.
11. Do you consider that the agrarian problem lies at the root of all problems in India
today? Support your answer with proper arguments.
12. Assess the importance of Damodar Valley project or any other multipurpose river valley
project, in the economy of the region.
G E O G R A P HY 1 9 8 0
Geography - 1980
PAPER-I
1. On the outline map of India supplied, mark and name the following:
(a) The regions with the highest variability of rainfall (more than 15%) from year to year;
(b) The regions of rubber and tea cultivation;
(c) Jog (Gersoppa), Ellora, Digboi, Neyveli, Kudremukh, Singareni;
(d) Mahabaleshwar, Pachmarhi, Darjeeling, Kodai-kanal, Nainital, Simla;
(e) Thalghat, Khandwa gap, Palghat, Banihal Pass, Aksai Chin and Bhorghat.
OR
On the outline map of the World provided, mark and name the following:
(a) The zero degree Celsius (Centigrade) (32F) surface isotherm for the month of January.
(b) The mean annual thermal equator,
(c) The New England States,
(d) Zimbabwe
(e) Kuro Siwo
(f) St. Gotthard Pass,
(g) The Soo Canal,
(h) Bosporus,
(i) The Trans-Siberian rail-route, with three important stations, on route.
(j) The Wuhan conurbation,
(k) Murray-Darling Basin and
(l) Bogota.
SECTION A
2. State, in detail, and appraise fully the arguments in favour of and against the theory of
Continental Drift.
3. Discuss the complete mechanism by means of which the atmosphere is able to

maintain its heat-balance. Is the atmosphere getting progressively hotter, and if so, why?
4. Describe and account for the surface currents of the Indian Ocean and explain how
and why they differ from those of the Atlantic.
5. Discuss the scope of human Geography.
6. Is it true to say that Machinder's "Citadel of land power" stands mightier than ever,
even at the present day?
SECTION B
7. What were the significant geographical ideas of the Arabs of the 10 th and 12th
centuries? How did they differ from those of their Christian contemporaries?
8. Analyse the factors of localization of the Iron and Steel industry with special reference
to India. Suggest an ideal location for this industry in India and make a comparative
assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of Visakapatnam and Salem steel plants.
9. "The gates of India have become water gates and the way to India, the way of the
sea." (Sir Thomas Holdich). Analyse the role of geographical factors in controlling, through
well defined gates, the entry into India of migrants, both in peace and in war, from the
earliest times and assess their relative importance.
10. Discuss the basic geographical conditions, under which the pre-historic civilization of
Indus Valley flourished and describe the nature and structure of the pre-historic cities of
the region.
11. Assess the nature of the "food problem" of India, both qualitatively and quantitatively
at the present time. What practical suggestions can you offer towards its solutions?
PAPER-II-1980
SECTION A
1. "The economic development of a country depends as much on he stage of
development of the people as on the able resources. Discuss this statement with examples.
2. Discuss with examples the factors of origin and growth of towns and cities.
3. What are the determinants of population growth? Discuss comparatively the trends
population growth in the developed and the developing countries of the world,
mentioning the socio-economic implications of these trends in each case.
4. Compare the nature of the two given distributions on the basis of their mean, median
and coefficient of variation:
Monthly Wet Bulb Temperature (F)
For Stations A and B
MONTHS
Stations J F M A M J J
A
S O N
D
A
53 55 57 58 70 76 79 80 77 66 60 55
B
65 56 64 60 55 51 50 51 55 57 61 64
5. Compare the properties of Sinusoidal and Moll-weide's projections. Make calculations
for a graticule on Sinusoidal projections for an area extending from 30N to 60S and
15W to 105W on a scale of 1:50,000,000. The interval between the parallels and
between the meridians is 15.
SECTION B
6. Give a critical account of the recent changes in agriculture in India which have
contributed to the agricultural development in general, and the green revolution in
particular.
7. Asses the comparative geographical importance of the power resources in the
development of industrial landscape of India.
8. "The density of population is, as it were, the synthesis of all geographical
phenomena. "Examine this statement with reference to the spatial patterns of population
distribution and density in India.
9. Discuss the structure and evolution of the Himalayas.

10. Give an ideal geographical regionalization of India.
G E O G R A P HY 1 9 8 1
Geography- 1981
PAPER- I
1. On the map of India provided, mark the following and write in not more than ten
words, in you answer script, what you consider to be the most important aspects of each
one of them:
(a) Bhadravathi
(b) Khandwa gap
(c) Kalpakkam
(d) River Damodar
(e) MacMohan line
(f) Sivasamudram
(g) Sri Hari Kota
(h) Chukka project
(i) 100 cm (40") annual isohyets
(j) Barauni
OR
On the map of the World provided, mark the following and write in not more than ten
words, in your answer script, what you consider to be the most important aspect of each
one of them.
(a) The Sargasso Sea
(b) Bay of Fundy
(c) 10Celsius (Centigrade) or 50Fahrenheit isotherm for the warmest month in the
northern hemisphere
(d) Pittsburg
(e) Monte Carlo
(f) Wyville Thomson ridge
(g) Jerusalem
(h) The region of olive cultivation
(i) The bell of the doldrums
(j) Taklamakan
2. Answer any three of the following, answer to each should be in about 200 words:
(a) Trans-humance
(b) Cold water coasts
(c) The typical features in a region of limestone rocks
(d) Goods
SECTION A
3. With particular reference to India, explain the origin of the "monsoon". Describe and
account for the World distribution of monsoon climates, bringing out the significant
differences between each of them.
4. With suitable examples selected from different part of the World, discuss, in detail,
the problems in using either language or religion as a criterion for boundary
determinations.
5. Present the classification of Oceanic deposits and account for the origin, types and
distribution of Pelagic deposits in the World Oceans.
SECTION B
6. Analyse the factors of localization of the cotton-textile industries, and assess how far
their location has been influenced by the availability of indigenous raw materials and
proximity to the markets.
7. "Over two thirds of the crop land of the United States is devoted to feed crops and

only slightly over one-fifth to food crops." Discuss the implications of the above statement.
Explain with reasons why the conditions are totally different in India.
8. Discuss the major contributions of the following eminent geographers:
(a) Sir Halford Mackinder (b) Sir Dudley Stamp
PAPER-II-1981
SECTION A
1. Answer any three of the following answer to each should be in about 200 words:
(i) Definition and Scope of Economic Geography
(ii) Central Business District
(iii) Demographic Transition
(iv) Significance of Projected Profiles
2. Examine the role of pull and push factors in the migration of population.
3. The annual total rainfall (in cm.) of a particular station of a period of 40 years is given
below in sequential order:
97,103,86,100,98,96,99,88,96,95,85,92,105,100,91,102,100,98,101,107,103,104,98,11
5,95,100,112,94,102,113,96,106,83,104,87,98,101,95,111,104.
(a) Calculate the standard deviation.
(b) If the years are categorised according to the following scheme, determine the
percentage of years in each category:
Category
Rainfall Amount
Exceptionally Drought Years (EDY)
Less than M - 2
Moderately Drought Years (MDY)
M - 2 to M -
Normal Rainy Years (NRY)
M - 2 to M +
Moderately Rainy Years (MRY)
M + to M + 2
Exceptionally Rainy Years (ERY)
More than M + 2
4. Selecting suitable standard parallels, make necessary calculations for a graticule on
Simple Conic Projection with two standard parallels for an area extending from 62N to
78N and 60N to 80E on a scale of 1:10,000,000. The interval between the parallel s and
between the meridians is 2.
SECTION B
5. Answer any three of the following, answer to each should be in about 200 words:
(a) Major Soil Types of India
(b) Trend of Population Growth in India since 1901, and Significant Contributory Factors
(c) Rajasthan Canal Project
(d) Bases of Geographical Regionalization of India.
6. Discuss the effect of relief and climate on the distribution of crops in India.
7. Make an assessment of the relative significance of renewable and non-renewable
energy resources of India. What suggestions would you give for solving the energy-crisis in
India?
8. Explain the various population problems of India and suggest as to how this large
human-resource can be made useful in the economic development of the country.
G E O G R A P HY 1 9 8 2
Geography-1982
PAPER-I
words, in your answer-script what you consider to be most important aspect of each one
of them:
(a) The Pir Punjal

(b) The Luni River
(c) Farakka Barrage
(d) The Bombay High
(e) Neyveli
(f) Gangtok
(g) 50 cm (20" annual isohyets)
(h) Black cotton soil region
(i) Areas affected by cyclones from the Bay of Bengal
(j) Shortest air route from Varanasi to Bangalore
OR
On the map of the World provided mark the following and write in not more ten words, in
your answer-script what you consider to be the most important aspect of each one of
them:
(a) Elburze mountain
(b) The Dead Sea
(c) Fiji Islands
(d) The Kiel Canal
(e) The Falkland Island
(f) Diego Garcia
(g) 80F. Isotherm of July
(h) 100 cm (40") mean isohyets in winter (November to April)
(i) Nairobi
(j) The Kuroshio Current
2. Write short notes on any three of the following, each answer should be in about 200
words:
(a) Peneplain
(b) Indo-Pakistan border problem
(c) The Naga Tribes
(d) Air masses
SECTION A
3. Discuss the mountain building process in the world with a special reference to the
origin of the Himalayas.
4. "In the northern part of the Indian ocean there is a complete reversal of currents
between winter and summer as a result of the alternating monsoon winds." Discuss.
5. "The position of United States in respect of power is almost impregnable at present
and in future. The U.S.S.R. is well situated although less so than the Unites States."
Elucidate.
SECTION B
6. Discuss the factors of location of iron and steel industries in Great Britain with special
reference to the shifts in their location after the World War II.
7. Discuss the contributions of either Paul Vidal De La Blache or W.M. Davis in
advancement of our geographical knowledge.
8. Mention the types of farming commonly being practised in the tropics. Discuss their
significance and the present position in the international market.
PAPER-II-1982
SECTION A
1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each:
(a) Discuss with suitable examples the influence of environment on productive occupation
in the world
(b) What is meant by Urban Functions? How are they different from Rural Functions?
(c) Critically examine the concept of optimum population.
(d) Is the Quantitative method in Geography a means to an end or the Geographic

method itself? Discuss clearly bringing out the purpose of Geography.
2. What is regional survey? How does it lead to planning? Discuss with suitable
examples.
3. Discuss the distribution pattern of population in India. State how geographic factors
have influenced it.
4. Which projection will you choose for the drawing of a map of the world to indicate
sea routes? Discuss its properties.
SECTION B
5. Answer any three questions of the following in about 200 words each:
(a) Discuss the structure of the Peninsular India.
(b) Discuss the value of the Narbada Irrigation Project in economic development of
Western India.
(c) What are the problems of the Cotton Textile Industry in India?
(d) Assess the iron ore resources of India.
6. Give a brief account of the Power Resources of India and indicate how far they are
developed.
7. India's budget is a gamble with the Monsoon. Elaborate the statement. How far does
the variability of rainfall influence agriculture? What remedies have been effected?
Divide India into its natural regions. State the basis which you have adopted.
G E O G R A P HY 1 9 8 3
Geography-1983
PAPER-I
words in your answer script, what your consider to be most important aspect of each one
of them:
(a) Pre-Cambrian land mass
(b) Mikir hills
(c) Banihal pass
(d) 100 cm. (40") isohyte
(e) Largest mangrove forest area
(f) Coffee producing areas
(g) Anpara
(h) Bhilai
(i) Tarapur
(j) Shortest air route from Porbandar to Gauhati
OR
On the map of World provided, mark the following and write in not more than ten words
in your answer script, what you consider to be most important aspect of each one of them:
(a) Carpathian mountains
(b) Great Salt Lake
(c) Parana-Paraguay basin
(d) Canary islands
(e) Areas with 50 to 100 cm. annual rainfall
(f) Great Barrier Reef
(g) Bering Strait
(h) New York Metropolitan Region
(i) Seoul
(j) Trans-Siberian Railways with three important railway stations on it.
2. Write short notes on any three of the following; each answer should be in about 200
words:
(a) Polycyclic land mass
(b) Jet stream

(c) Ecological imbalance
(d) World energy crisis
SECTION A
3. 'Landscape is the function of structure, process and stage.' Discuss.
4. Divide world into major biotic regions giving the basis of your division.
5. Discuss different types of maribe resources and mention their possible utilization.
SECTION B
6. Write a critical essay on the quantitative revolution in Geography.
7. Briefly discuss the trend of urbanisation in the world since the beginning of the present
century.
8. Discuss the food and nutrition problems of the world.
PAPER-II-1983
SECTION A
1. Answer any three of the following questions in about 200 words each:
(a) Examine the origin of the Deccan lavas and describe the scenery associated with it.
(b) Comment on the role of social forestry in the economy of India.
(c) Give a brief account of the petroleum resources of India.
(d) Discuss the problems of livestock raising in India.
2. "There is a gulf between rainfall statistics and water availability." Elucidate this
statement with reference to the agricultural efficiency of any region in India.
3. Linguistic regions in India may have a cultural reality but no economic base. Examine
this view illustrate your answer with suitable examples.
4. Discuss the factors which interact to limit the area within which a crop may be
successfully grown commercially in India. Give examples to justify your arguments.
SECTION B
5.
Comment on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
(a) The inadequacy of transport is the major obstacle to the trade and production of India.
(b) Factors contributing to the growth of the urban fringe of either Calcutta or Bombay.
(c) "Core Areas" for successful regional planning in India.
(d) The North Western Frontiers of India and the related political problem.
6. What are the factors influencing the localization of industry? Illustrate your answer
with reference to the Iron and Steel industry of India.
7. Indian cities are lacking in layout and function. How far is this true and what historical
and cultural factors are responsible for these features?
8. How far is it true to say that the Indian Ocean is actually and potentially a major focus
of international relations and dispute?
G E O G R A P HY 1 9 8 4
Geography-1984
PAPER-I
words in your answer script, what you consider to be most important aspect of each one
of them:
(a) 80E longitude
(b) Anamalai Hills
(c) Karakoram Pass
(d) The damodar
(e) Area receiving higher rainfall in winter
(f) Tropical wet evergreen forest area
(g) Bhakra Dam
(h) Air route from Port Bliar to Delhi

(i) Kohima
(j) Anklesvar
OR
On the map of the world provided, mark the following and write in not more than ten
of them:
(a) 90West longitude
(b) Atlas mountains
(c) Sakhaline Island
(d) Niagra falls
(e) Gulf of Bothania
(f) Bass strait
(g) Pampas
(h) Loss Angelss
(i) Air route from Colombo to Rio-de- Janeiro
(j) Zurich
2. Write short notes on any three of the following each answer should be in about 200
words:
(a) Karst land forms
(b) Marine resources
(c) Urban sphere of influence
(d) Federalism
SECTION A
3. Discuss the mountain-building processes with suitable examples.
4. Discuss the concept of warm and cold fronts and the weather associated with them.
5. Discuss man's role in creating ecological imbalances taking examples from a
geographical region.
SECTION B
6. Critically examine the development of determinism and possibilism in Geography.
7. Discuss the petroleum resources of the Middle East and its impact on international
politics.
8. Discuss the general distributional pattern of industrial development in the world and
its associated problems.
PAPER-II-1984
SECTION A
1. Write short notes (in about 200 words each) on any three of the following:
(a) Mountains as climatic barriers and their effect on the Indian Monsoons.
(b) Why do rivers flood? State the areas of occurrence of floods in India.
(c) Problems involved in the economic development of tribal areas of India.
(d) Dairy Industry in India.
2. Discuss the problems of agricultural development in the arid and semi-arid regions of
India.
3. Discuss the value of a quantitative analysis of crop combinations for an agricultural
regionalization of India. Illustrate your answer from an area of which you have personal
knowledge.
4. "The present economic policy of India represents an attempt to maintain a balance
between a subsistence agricultural economy and a top-heavy industrial economy."
Critically examine the statement.
SECTION B
5. Write short notes (in about 200 words each) on any three of the following:
(a) Unity and diversity are both inherent in Federalism.
(b) The sea as a source of raw materials.

(c) Importance of coastal shipping in India.
(d) Fertilizer industry of India.
6. Discuss the location of and the modern trends in, the cotton textile industry of India.
7. Discuss the impact of the development of electrical power in India on its
industrialisation.
8. What contribution has the geographer to make to an understanding of the problems
of land use in big cities?
G E O G R A P HY 1 9 8 5
Geography - 1985
PAPER-I
Candidates should attempt Q. 1 and 2 which are compulsory, and any three of the
remaining questions selecting at least one question from each Section. All questions carry
equal marks
of them:
(a) Rajasthan (Indira) Canal
(b) Mettur Dam
(c) Bombay High
(d) Gandhinagar
(e) Areas receiving more than 200 cm of annual rainfall
(f) Palk Strait
(g) Paradip
(h) Tropic of Cancer
(i) Maikal Range
(j) Shortest rail route from Puri to New Delhi
OR
of them:
(a) Arctic Circle
(b) Cork
(c) Selvas
(d) Tagros Mountains
(e) Greenwich
(f) Hawaiian Island
(g) Hwang Ho
(h) Dogger Bank
(i) Aswan Dam
(j) Cook Strait
words:
(a) Hydrological Cycle
(b) Ecosystem Concept
(c) Rural Settlement Patterns
(d) Regional Concept in Geography
SECTION A
3. Discuss the character of the main types of force and earth movements, involved in the
production of land forms.
4. Classify soils of the world and discuss the distribution and characteristics of each.
5. Discuss the sources and nature of various deposit found on the floor of the oceans.

SECTION B
6. Discuss the causes and consequences of major inter national migrations of the present
time.
7. Discuss the concepts of heartland and rimland and examine their present day validity.
8. Mention different types of world agriculture and describe the areas and salient
features of each type.
Geography-1985
PAPER-II
equal marks
SECTION A
1. Give brief answers to any three of the following questions in about 200 words each:
(a) Describe the physiographic characteristics of the Western Himalayas.
(b) To what extent has the high yielding variety programme helped agricultural
development in India?
(c) Why has attention been given to the development of marine fisheries in India?
Describe the efforts that have been directed for their development.
(d) Describe the impact of the rise in population density on economic development in
India.
2. Attempt a division of India into climatic regions and described their characteristics and
floral conditions.
3. Write an account of the growth and utilisation of irrigation potential in India with
particular reference to canal irrigation.
4. Discuss the concept of land reform and indicate its importance for promoting
agricultural development in India.
SECTION B
5. Write short notes in about 200 words each on any three of the following:
(a) Importance of road transport in India-Development under the Plans.
(b) Rural settlement patterns in the Ganga Valley.
(c) Industrial development in India during the Second and Third Plans.
(d) Problems of slums and urban development with particular reference to any metropolis
in India.
6. Write an account of the raw materials, location, present situation and future
prospects of the paper industry in India.
7. Discuss the regional disparities in the growth of manufacturing industries in India.
Suggest remedies.
8. Discuss the quality distribution and utilisation of coal in India.
G E O G R A P HY 1 9 8 6
Geography-1986
PAPER-I
of them:
(a) 821/2 E meridian
(b) Siwalik Hills
(c) Haldia
(d) Mizoram
(e) Chandigarh
(f) Faraka Dam
(g) HBJ pipeline

(h) Kanya Kumari
(i) Mahanadi
(j) Dodabetta
OR
of them:
(a) Mauritius
(b) Nile
(c) Pampas
(d) Pamir
(e) Jura Mountains
(f) The Hague
(g) Niagara Falls
(h) 180 meridian
(i) Namibia
(j) Canberra
words:
(a) World's biotic regions
(b) Pelagic deposits
(c) Demographic transition
(d) Diffusion of innovation
SECTION A
3. Discuss the views of W.M. Davis and Walter Penck on the cycle of erosion.
4. Compare the basis of the climatic classification of Koppen with that
of
Thornthwaite's classification.
5. Give an account of marine resources and discuss their present day utilization.
SECTION B
6. What is meant by quantitative revolution in Geography? Discuss its impact on the
development of the subject.
7. Define the urban sphere of influences and discuss different methods of determining the
spheres of influence of cities.
8. Discuss the genetic classification of international boundaries. How does it differ from the
morphological classification?
PAPER-II -1986
SECTION A
1. Answer any three of the following questions (in about 200 words each):
(a) The drainage systems of the two regions. Peninsular and extra-Peninsular India are very
different in their character. What are these difference and way?
(b) Discuss the environmental problems regarding industrial pollution in India.
(c) Discuss briefly the utilization, distribution and production of manganese in India.
(d) Describe the programmes for management and development of forests in India under
the National Forest Policy. Mention briefly the roles of other institutions in the development
of forestry in the country.
2. Describe the problems of production and distribution of food crops in India from the
regional point of view.
3. Discuss the geographical bases for rural industrialization for rural development.
4. Give an account of the infrastructural factors necessary for promoting agricultural
development in the dry zones of India with specific examples.
SECTION B
5. Write short notes, in about 200 words each, on any three of the following:

(a) Development of Railway transport in India during different plan periods.
(b) Functional and hierarchical patterns of Indian cities.
(c) Aluminium industry in India.
(d) Regional Planning in India.
6. Discuss the location, present situation and future prospects of the jute industry in
India.
7. What is an industrial complex? Describe the growth, problems and prospects of any
major industrial complex in India.
8. Examine the geographical bases for growth of regional consciousness and regionalism
during last three decades in India.
G E O G R A P HY 1 9 8 7
Geography-1987
PAPER-I
words in your answer book, what you consider to be most important aspect of each one of
them:
(a) Kodaikanal
(b) Bhubaneshwar
(c) Cauvery
(d) Aravalli Hills
(e) Arunachal Pradesh
(f) Hirakund Dam
(g) Shipki Pass
(h) Sriharikota
(i) Bharatpur
(j) Digboi
OR
of them:
(a) Appalachian Mountains
(b) Fiji Islands
(c) Tropic of Capricorn
(d) Vienna
(e) Zimbabwe
(f) Nicaragua
(g) Gobi Desert
(h) Mekong
(i) Patagonia
(j) Palk Strait
2. Write short notes on any three of the following. Each answer should be in about 200
words:
(a) Characteristics of monsoon forests
(b) Systems approach in Geography
(c) Concepts of nation and state
(d) Theories of agricultural location.
SECTION A
3. Give a reasoned account of the contents of the Atlantic Ocean and their impact on
the climatic conditions of the coastal regions.
4. Discuss critically the characteristics of tropical cyclones and analyse the extent to
which they differ from the temperate cyclones.

5. Discuss the evolution and characteristics of the land forms of graciated regions.
SECTION B
6. Give an account of the existing distributional pattern of population in the world and
give your assessment regarding the importance of geographical factors for such a pattern.
7. Examine the various theories concerning the internal structure of cities and discuss
how far they are applicable to Indian cities.
8. Give an account of the pattern of international trade and examine the linkages
between resource endowed regions and resource utilizing regions.
PAPER-II-1987
SECTION A
1. Answer any three of the following question (in about 200 words each):
(a) Give the salient features of the Aravallis is with respect to geologic structure, relief and
impact on human settlements.
(b) Discuss the ecological problems associated with the use of river water resources in
India.
(c) Outline the impact of land reform measures on agricultural development in India.
(d) Indicate the criteria of identification, demarcate the industrially backward areas of
India and enumerate the main hurdles in their development.
2. Analyse the mechanism of Indian Monsoon. How are the spatial temporal variations
and vicissitudes in precipitation related to this mechanism?
3. Discuss the population problem of India in regional perspective and make specific
suggestions for tackling the problem with respect to the broad population regions.
4. Outline the agricultural regions of India indicating the bases of regionalization. Bri ng
out the factors responsible for the emergence of different crop combination in different
regions.
SECTION B
5. Write short notes, in about 200 words each, on any three of the following:
(a) Functional and Morphological Typology of Indian cities
(b) Agro-based Industries of India
(c) Centre-State relations and multi-level planning in India
(d) Geopolitical significance of Industrial Policy in Indian Ocean
6. Trace the evolution of Industrial Policy in India and bring on its impact on industrial
development of the country.
7. Discuss the significance, traffic flow pattern, emerging trends and problems of road
transport in India.
8. Analyse the causes and consequences of regional disparity in the economic
development of India and outline measures to reduce disparity.
G E O G R A P HY 1 9 8 8
Geography-1988
PAPER-I
remaining questions, selecting at least one question from each Section. All questions carry
equal marks
of them:
(a) Cherrapaunji
(b) Pondicherry
(c) Satpura Range
(d) Gulmarg
(e) Manga ore

(f) Bomdila
(g) Tapi (Tapti)
(h) Gulf of Kutch
(i) Anklksvar
(j) Rameshwaram
OR
of them:
(a) Pyrenees
(b) Cyprus
(c) Hud on Bay
(d) Seoul
(e) Kampuchea
(f) Falkland Islands
(g) Kalahari
(h) Volga
(i) Kilimanjaro
(j) Geneva
words:
(a) Environmental Determinism
(b) Coral reets
(c) Geopolitics
(d) Karst landforms
SECTION A
3. Attempt a classification of air masses and give the characteristic features and
associated weather conditions of each class.
4. Discuss, in detail, man's impact on ecosystem as a result of the modern technological
advancement.
5. Critically analyse the concept of plate tectonics and bring out the evidences to
support it.
SECTION B
6. Give a critical account of the cultural evolution of man. Illustrate your answer with
suitable examples.
7. Analyse Christaller's Central Place Theory and the modifications introduced in it and
examine its relevance in the present day context.
8. Discuss the various sources of energy and their uses. Suggest the measures to
overcome the present day energy crisis.
PAPER-II-1988
Candidates should attempt 5 questions in all, selecting at least two questions from each
Section. All questions carry equal marks.
SECTION A
1. Answer any three of the following question (in about 200 words each):
(a) Bring out the role of irrigation in rural development of India.
(b) Give the geographical cases of unity and diversity in India
(c) Discuss the utilization and conservation of coal of India resources.
(d) Evaluate the Koppen's scheme of climatic regionalization of India.
2. Explain the salient features of the structure, relief and drainage of the Himalayas.
3. Analyse the ecological significance of forests in different regions of India indicating
the impact of rapid deforestation.
4. Analyse the relationship between cropping intensity and agricultural productivity and

throw light on the measures of increasing the cropping intensity in India.
SECTION B
5.
Write short notes, in about 200 words each, on any three of the following:
(a) Location and growth of Fertilizer Industry in India.
(b) Characteristics of Rural-Urban Fringe in India.
(c) Significance of District Planning in India.
(d) The Sino-Indian Boundary.
6. Discuss the process, pattern and impact of urbanisation in India.
7. Differentiate between River Basin and Command Area. Discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of River Basins as planning regions in India. Give concrete examples.
8. Demarcate the major industrial regions of India and analyse the structure and
contribution to the national economy of any one of them.
G E O G R A P HY 1 9 8 9
PAPER-I-1989
remaining questions, selecting at least one question from each Section. All questions carry
equal marks
of them:
(a) Paradeep
(b) Karaikal
(c) Bhilai
(d) Baramula
(e) Pachmari
(f) Gulf of Mannar
(g) Damodar River Valley
(h) Sindri
(i) Chilka Lake
(j) Bandipur
OR
of them:
(a) Irrawady River
(b) Nevada Desert
(c) Pearl Harbour
(d) Libya
(e) Tel Aviv
(f) Honduras
(g) Urals
(h) Gulf of Mexico
(i) Patagonia
(j) The Vatican city
words:
(a) Rejuvenated landforms
(b) Ocean bottom relief
(c) Major cultural realms of the world
(d) Classification of cities
SECTION A

3. Explain the origin, characteristics and distribution of temperate cyclones.
4. Divide the world into major biotic regions and explain the basis of your division.
5. Examine the causes of ecological imbalances and briefly explain the measures taken
to rectify them.
SECTION B
6. Write an essay on the contribution of European geographers to the development of
geographic thought.
7. Discuss in detail the Heartland concept of Mackinder and the criticism it has attracted
in recent years.
8. Review in detail the various theories of the location of industries.
PAPER-II- 1989
SECTION A
equal marks
1. Answer any three of the following questions in about 200 words each:
(a) Explain the causes of soil erosion occurring over extensive areas in certain parts of
India. What measures would you suggest for solving this problem?
(b) Discuss the problems of the tribal areas and suggest measures for solving them.
(c) Assess the fish resources of India and examine the present and future prospects of
their exploitation.
(d) Analyse the spatial patterns of the utilization of ground water for tube-well irrigation
in different parts of India.
2. Give an outline of the geological history of the Peninsular India and in its terms.
Explain the salient features of the relief of the areas.
3. Analyse the recent trends in the growth and density of population of India and
evaluate the socio-economic and environmental problems generated by them.
4. Formulate a suitable agricultural land-use policy that will achieve the twin goals of
optimum agricultural efficiency and crop productivity.
SECTION B
5.
Write short notes, in about 200 words each, on any three of the following:
(a) Decentralization of industries for achieving regional balance in economic growth
(b) Significance of inland waterways in the development of transportation and trade
(c) Role of rural markets in regional development
(d) Regional consciousness and national integration
6. Attempt a spatial analysis of the development of minerals based industries in relation
to mineral resource potentialities and their exploitation in different states of India.
7. Discuss the recent trends in urbanisation in India and briefly describe the main
characteristics and problems of the major Indian cities.
8. Analyse the prevailing patterns of regional disparities in the socio-economic
development of India and evaluate the role of the five-year plans in reducing them.
G E O G R A P HY 1 9 9 0
PAPER-I-1990
of them:
(a) Sardar Sarovar
(b) Mandapam
(c) Kovalam
(d) Hassan
(e) Gulf of Cambay

(f) Poonch
(g) Mount Abu
(h) Willington Island
(i) Dibrugarh
(j) Raniganj
OR
of them:
(a) The Carpathians
(b) Rhone River
(c) Helsinki
(d) Luxembourg
(e) Dead Sea
(f) Lake Victoria
(g) Niagra Waterfalls
(h) Christ Church
(i) Kalgoorlie
(j) Prairies
words:
(a) Plate tectonics
(b) Land capability
(c) Diffusion of innovation in agricultural technology
(d) Quantitative and behavioural revolutions in Geography
SECTION A
3. Analyse the differences in the models of slope evolution proposed by Davis and Penk.
4. Explain the basic criteria used in Thornthwaite's 1948 classification of climates.
5. Discuss the theories of the formation of coral reefs proposed by Daly, Darwin and
Davis.
SECTION B
6. Examine the causes of the international migrations of the last 50 years or so and the
socio-economic and political problems generated by them.
7. Enumerate the different models of the internal structure of cities. Choose one of
them and discuss it in its application to a particular city.
8. Give an account of the spatial pattern of world food production and analyse the
related problems of malnutrition and malnutrition diseases.
PAPER-II-1990
SECTION A
(a) What is the significance of land capability classification in land use planning? Explain
the method of long capability classification adopted by the All India land use and soil
survey organisation.
(b) Critically examine the political consequences of the regionalization of our country on
the basis of language.
(c) Analyse the cause of the low literacy rate of India. Suggest feasible measures for
raising the literacy level.
(d) Discuss the spatial variation in the developmental levels of canal irrigation in India in
relation to the physical setting.
2. Explain some of the important theories of the origin of the South-West monsoon in
India. Evaluate the impact of its characteristics with occurrence of floods and droughts in
different parts of our country.

3. Assess the fossil fuel reserves of India in terms of current and future demands for
energy. Examine the present and future and prospects of their utilization.
4. Analyse critically whether the existing cropping in different parts of India would need
any change for better agriculture performance in future.
SECTION B
5. Write short notes in about 200 words each, on any three of the following:
(a) Location and development of cement industry
(b) Function, Classification and hierarchy of urban settlements
(c) Growth of urban slums and problems associated with them
(d) The international boundary of India and related issues
6. Evaluate the contribution of the major ports of India to its international trade.
7. Construct a spatial pattern of industrial development in our country. Identify the
industrially back ward areas and asses their potentialities for future development.
8. What is meant by integrated rural development planning? What are its components?
What has been the extent of its success in relation to its objectives.
G E O G R A P HY 1 9 9 1
Geography-1991
PAPER-I
of them:
(a) Bhadravati
(b) Chumbi Valley
(c) Lakshadweep
(d) Palk Strait
(e) Hirakund Reservoir
(f) Parasnath HILL
(g) Port Blair
(h) Main Boundary Fault
(i) Bombay High
(j) Area receiving less than 25cm (10) rainfall.
Or
of them:
(a) Caucasus Mountains
(b) Iceland
(c) Lake Chad
(d) Taklamakan Desert
(e) Lianos
(f) Gulf Stream
(g) Maldives
(h) Great Barrier Reef
(i) Danube River
(j) Caracas
2. Write short notes on any three of the following (each answer should be in about 200
words).
(a) Polycyclic landforms
(b) Hydrological cycle
(c) World energy crisis

(d) Concept of 'Limits to Growth'
SECTION A
3. Analyse the sequential development of landforms in either Karst or Coastal region.
4. Draw a hypsographic curve to represent the major physicographic units of the ocean
and comment on their permanency.
5. Explain the origin, distribution and characteristics of tropical cyclones.
SECTION B
6. Explain the major contribution by Arab geographers of the early medieval period in
the development of geographic thought.
7. Trace and account for the various trends of population growth in the world during
the present century.
8. Examine the world patterns of industrial development and explain the problems of
industrial development of national levels.
PAPER-II-1991
SECTION A
(a) Explain the origin and consequences of earthquakes in the Himalayas with special
reference to the Uttarkashi earth quake 1991.
(b) Analyse the extent of urban population growth in India in the last four decades.
(c) Critically examine the relationship between deforestation and environmental
degradation with specific examples from any one region in India.
(d) What is meant by Operation Flood? Discuss the manner of its implementation and its
success in India.
2. Elucidate the character of the Himalayan Rivers and examine their role in the Indian
plains.
3. Identify the major tribal communities in India by regions and examine the problems
common to all of them and the ways of their solution.
4. Discuss the role of animal husbandry in the agricultural economy of India with special
reference to any one region.
SECTION B
5.
Write short notes in about 200 words each, on any three of the following:
(a) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Industrial Centralisation with specific
examples.
(b) Give an account of the major groups of agro based industries of India. Critically
examine their contribution to regional economy and rural employment.
(c) Explain the basis and characteristics of Dispersed Settlements in the N.E. Region of
India.
(d) Discuss the political issued involved in the Tin Bigha or Siachen dispute.
6. Analyse the role of different types of transport in the commodity flows of the Delta
regions of East India.
7. Explain the hierarchical pattern of Indian cities and discuss their growth and
distribution.
8. Discuss the changes brought about in Indian agriculture by the successive Five-Year
Plans, mentioning their successes and failures.
G E O G R A P HY 1 9 9 2
Geography-1992
PAPER-I
of them:
(a) Kalpakkam

(b) Shyok Valley
(c) Salsette Is
(d) Adam's Bridge
(e) Farakka Barrage
(f) Rajmahal Hills
(g) Itanagar
(h) Somnath
(i) Khetri
(j) Alignment of Konkan Railway under construction.
OR
of them:
(a) Appalachian Highlands
(b) Malagasy
(c) Lake Victoria
(d) Gobi Desert
(e) Pampas
(f) Labrador Current
(g) Tasmania
(h) Guiana Shield
(i) Mississippi-Missouri
(j) Leningrad
2. Write short notes on any three of the following, (each answer should be in about 200
words):
(a) Classification of Earth Movements
(b) Concept of Ecosystem
(c) Land capability versus Land use efficiency
(d) Central place theory
SECTION A
3. Explain the factors causing rejuvenation in landscape and describe the resultant
landforms.
4. Discuss the origin, movements and characteristics of air masses and explain their role
in influencing world climates.
5. Present a classification of the soils of the world and give their economic significance.
SECTION B
6. Give a comparative assessment of the works of Humboldt and Ritter leading to the
foundation of modern geographical thought.
7. Citing suitable examples from India, explain the role of site and other physical factors
in determining the types and patterns of rural settlements.
8. Discuss the theories of Industrial location propounded by any two of the following:
Weber: Hoover and Smith.
PAPER -II-1992
SECTION A
1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 word each:
(a) Explain the characteristics and productivity of the Regur black soils of India
(b) Discuss the role of social forestry in any one region of India.
(c) Explain the distribution and characteristics of dry zone agriculture.
(d) What is meant by Green Revolution? Explain its successes and failures.
2. Discuss the major characteristics of the Indian monsoon with special emphasis on the
causative factors.
3. Examine critically the major factors responsible for the growth of two highest

population density zones in India.
4. Explain the distribution of the major mineral resources of the Deccan plateau together
with the extent of their exploitation.
SECTION B
(a) Types of rural industries and their basis in the Rajasthan Gujarat region.
(b) Major characteristics of the rural-urban fringe around metropolitan cities.
(c) Salient features of Tribal area planning.
(d) Major issues involved in the sino-Indian boundary conflict. 6. Discuss the basis on
which the current network of Airways is built in India, highlighting its role in the overall
transportation milieu.
7. Describe briefly the internal structure of Indian cities, together with the ensuling
problems. Illustrate your answer with specific examples.
8. Examine critically the advantages and disadvantages of multi-level planning with
special reference to India.
G E O G R A P HY 1 9 9 3
PAPER-I-1993
words in your answer-book what you consider the most significant aspect of each one of
them:(a) Pokaran
(b) Banihal
(c) Kolleru Lake
(d) Minicoy Is.
(e) Maikal Range
(f) Sabarmati River
(g) Nunmati
(h) Bababudan Hills
(i) Singrauli Coalfield
(j) 35C June Isotherm
OR
them:(a) Great Dividing Range
(b) Cyprus
(c) Yellow Sea
(d) Rub-al-Khali
(e) Selvas
(f) Agulhas Current
(g) Laurentian Plateau
(h) Str. Of Gibralltar
(i) Rhine River
(j) Hammerfest
words):
(a) Treppen concept
(b) Biotic succession
(c) Measures of agricultural efficiency
(d) System approach in Geography

SECTION A
3. Discuss, with examples, the influence of volcanism and diastrophism on the evolution
of landscape.
4. Give a reasoned account of the distribution of salinity in the oceans and partially
enclosed seas.
5. Define ecosystem and describe briefly its various components. Also discuss how and
to what extent the modern man has affected the various types of ecosystems.
SECTION B
6. Discuss the major international streams of migration in the world in recent times and
account for the relationship that exists between population pressure areas and migration
prospects.
7. Define umland and discuss, with specific examples, the criteria for its delimitation.
8. Give an account of the agricultural typology of the world as presented by Whittlesey
and critically examine the parameters used in its delineation.
PAPER-II-1993
equal marks
SECTION A
(a) Explain the geographical factors responsible for the growth of mangrove vegetation in
India and discuss its role in coastal ecology.
(b) Elucidate the current population policy of India and comment on its effectiveness.
(c) Explain the role of institutional factors in the development of agriculture in India.
(d) Analyses the changes in the literacy rate during the post independence period in India.
2. 'India presents an example of unity in diversity.' Elucidate this statement in this
context of India's physical and human aspects.
3. Delineate the flood prone areas of India by drawing a sketch map in the answer book
and discuss the causes and consequences of floods in the North Indian plains.
4. Critically examine the marine resources of India and discuss the problems
encountered in their development.
SECTION B
(a) Growth of agro-based industries in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
(b) Role and characteristics of rural market centres in different parts of India.
(c) Distinguishing features of an urban slum and its position in metropolitan area.
(d) Major causes for regional disparities in the development of India.
6. Identify the important periods of industrialisation in India and analyse the character of
its two most developed industrial regions.
7. Discuss briefly the overall pattern of inter-regional trade in India.
8. Examine critically the geographical basis of the Indian federation.
G E O G R A P HY 1 9 9 4
Geography-1994
PAPER-I
words in your answer-book what you consider to be the most significant aspect of each
one of them:(a) Barren Island
(b) Marmagao
(c) Agartala
(d) Vadodara

(e) Tapi
(f) Rana Pratap Sagar
(g) Kavaratti Island
(h) Leh
(i) Badrinath
(j) Atomic Power Project in U.P.
OR
one of them:(a) White Sea
(b) Zambezi River
(c) Tianshan Range
(d) Hawarian Islands
(e) Abidjan
(f) Windhoek
(g) Canberra
(h) Areas of Mediterranean type of climate in Australia
(i) Lake Balkhash
(j) Pyongyang.
words:
(a) Bioldiversity
(b) Models in Geography
(c) Sustainable development
(d) Slums and squatter settlements
SECTION A
3. Discuss the concept of cycle of erosion and bring out clearly the difference between
the view of Davis and Penck.
4. Explain the basis of Koppen's classification of climates. Also mention its merits and
limitations.
5. Indicate the major biotic regions of the world and discuss the ecological aspects of the
monsoon region.
SECTION B
6. Examine critically the concepts of 'determinism' and possibilism. Bring out the
significance of regional concept.
7. Oil has placed in the hands of Arab nations a tremendous geopolitical weapon with
which to wield power. Comment.
8. Discuss Van Thunen's model of agricultural land use and examine if the model is
applicable in India.
PAPER-II-1994
SECTION A
1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words:
(a) Explain the drainage characteristics of Peninsular India.
(b) Elucidate the population density types in India.
(c) Examine the nature and extent of environmental degradation in the Himalayas.
(d) Explain the salient features of Sardar Sarover Project and elucidate the controversy
related to its implementation. 2. Discuss the recent theories put forward to explain the
origin and mechanism of the Indian Monsoon.
3. Examine the forest resources of India and explain the principles of conservation which
could be applied to improve the forest wealth of India.
4. Differentiate between agricultural efficiency and agricultural productivity and discuss

the methods used in the determination of agricultural efficiency in India.
SECTION B
(a) Identification of industrially backward areas and problems in their development.
(b) Competitive and complementary character of the Indian rail-route and road network.
(c) Internal structure of an Indian city.
(d) Problems of militancy in India's border states.
6. Draw a sketch map to delineate the major industrial complexes of India and discuss
their important characteristics.
7. Bring out the salient characteristics of Indian urbanization with suitable examples.
8. Discuss the growth of regional planning in India and account for regional disparities in
development.
G E O G R A P HY 1 9 9 5
Geography-1995
PAPER-I
one of them:(a) Kolleru lake
(b) Maikal range
(c) Palghat
(d) Darjeeling
(e) Ellora
(f) Ran of Kachchh
(g) January Isotherm of 20 C
(h) Ghanghara River
(i) Bokaro
(j) Corbett Park
OR
one of them:(a) Danube river
(b) Leipzig
(c) Sierra Nevada
(d) Washington D.C.
(e) Red Sea
(f) Canadian National Railway
(g) Ashkhabad
(h) Ulan Bator
(i) Port Said
(j) Pampas
words each):
(a) Natural Hazards
(b) Inversion of temperature
(c) Food from the sea
(d) Dryland farming
SECTION A
3. Discuss the limitations of the theory of Continental Drift and show how the theory of

Plate Tectonics is an improvement over it.
4. Explain the life-cycle of a temperate cyclone and also describe the weather associated
with it.
5. 'Man must realize the importance of maximizing agricultural production without
destroying the ecological basis on which our entire food production systems rests.' Explain
with examples.
SECTION B
6. Discuss the contributions of Al Biruni towards the development of geographical
knowledge.
7. Examine the theories about population control and explain the relative merits of these
theories in limiting population growth.
8. Explain and illustrate the models of internal structure of cities as proposed by Burgess
and Hovt. Mention also the limitations of these models.
PAPER-II-1995
SECTION A
(a) Explain the factors responsible for uneven distribution of rainfall in India.
(b) Examine the origin and characteristics of the soils of the North Indian Plain.
(c) Discuss the problems of tribal areas in India.
(d) Elucidate the measures taken to limit the growth of population in India.
2. Draw a sketch-map in your answer book to delineate the main physiographic regions
of India and provide a reasoned account of the relief and structure of the Himalayan
region.
3. Examine the fossil fuel resources of India with particular reference to the present and
future demands for energy.
4. Discuss the role of infrastructural, scientific and technological development in the
recent transformation of Indian agriculture.
SECTION B
5. Write short notes in about 200 words each or any three of the following:
(a) Recent changes in India's basic industrial policy.
(b) Role of rural market centres in promoting intra and inter-regional trade.
(c) Land-use characteristics of the rural urban fringe in India.
(d) Importance of India in the geopolitics of the Indian Ocean realm.
6. Examine critically the factors for the localization of iron and steel industry in India with
special reference to the newer centres of steel production.
7. Explain, with the help of suitable examples and illustrations, the distribution of various
patterns of rural settlements in India.
8. Give the hierarchy of planning regions and bring out the role of metropolitan
planning in fostering regional development in India.
G E O G R A P HY 1 9 9 6
Geography-1996
PAPER-I
one of them:(a) Malwa Plateau
(b) Pamban Island
(c) Zaskar Range
(d) The Godavari
(e) Koyana Project
(f) Gold mines of India

(g) Ranthambore
(h) Barauni
(i) Nanda Devi biosphere
(j) Rourkela
OR
one of them:(a) Caribbean Sea
(b) Atlas Mountain
(c) River Rio Grande
(d) Jiticaca
(e) Paris
(f) Canaries Current
(g) Ouagadougou
(h) Verkhoyansk
(i) Mauritius
(j) Melbourne
words):
(a) Growth of population and food resources of the world
(b) Desertification and its preventive measures
(c) Globalization of trade and industry
(d) Man and the Amazon rainforest
SECTION A
3. Discuss the processes of mechanical and chemical weathering and show their
relationship with soil formation.
4. Examine critically the drawbacks of Koppen's Classification of climates. Explain how
Thornthwaite attempted to overcome Koppen's limitations.
5. Explain and illustrate the ocean floor topography and give a detailed account of the
Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
SECTION B
6. "The emergence of Behavioural Geography was due to the disillusionment with
axioms on which models were based and the axioms were far removed from reality."
Comment.
7. Examine the bases of classification of agricultural regions as proposed by Whittlesey
and explain the causes for the essential different between intensive subsistence tillage with
rice dominant and without rice in the crop association.
8. Without the Mediterranean Europe could not be held, with out the Middle East the
Mediterranean could not be held. Discuss.
PAPER-II-1996
SECTION A
(a) Examine the origin and characteristics of the antecedent drainage system of the
Himalayas.
(b) Explain the criteria used in the identification of drought-prone areas in India.
(c) Discuss the distribution and characteristics of the evergreen forest in India.
(d) Elucidate the genesis of ethnic and cultural diversities in India.
2. Draw a sketch-map in your answer book to delineate the main climatic regions of
India and discuss the important climatic characteristics of each region.
3. Critically examine the metalliferous mineral resources of India with particular
reference to their present and future demands.

4. Discuss the importance of irrigation in Indian Agriculture and describe the methods of
irrigation practised in either the Ganga Valley or the Karnataka-Maharashtra region.
SECTION B
5.
Write short notes in about 200 words each on any three of the following:
(a) Geographical impediments in the development of inland waterways in India.
(b) Factors for the growth of slums in the metropolitan cities of India.
(c) Magnitude of regional imbalances in economic development in India.
(d) Geographical basis of the Indian Federation.
6. Analyse the factors for the localization of either the cotton textile or the sugar
industry in India and note the recent trends in the industry.
7. Name the million cities of India according 2001 census and critically examine the
factors for unprecedented growth in their population in the last 50 years.
8. Explain the salient features of the tribal development programme with particular
reference to either Dandakaranya or Chotanagpur.
G E O G R A P HY 1 9 97
PAPER-I-1997
1. On the outline map of India provided, mark the following and write in not more than
ten words in your answer-book what you consider to be the most significant aspect of
each one of them:(a) Mettur Dam
(b) Kaziranga Park
(c) Loktak lake
(d) Puri
(e) Vidhyan Mountains
(f) Mahanadi
(g) Itanagar
(h) Haldia
(i) Sunderbans
(j) Khetri copper mines
OR
On the world map provided, mark the following and write in not more than ten words in
your answer-book what you consider to be the most significant aspect of each one of
them:(a) Lake Erie
(b) Black Forest
(c) New York
(d) Jamaica
(e) Falkland Island
(f) Winnipeg
(g) Lake Mansarovar
(h) Tigris River
(i) Sharjah
(j) Area of Mediterranean climate in Africa
words):
(a) Buffer zone
(b) Marine resources, biotic, mineral and energy resources
(c) Weathering and soil formation
(d) Rural-urban fringe
SECTION A

3. Discuss the concept of polycyclic landforms and present an analytical study of the
polycyclic landforms of a selected region.
4. Define air masses. How do they originate? Classify them and state the characteristics
of any one type.
5. Examine critically the theories of the formation of coral reefs and atolls.
SECTION B
6. "Water is a scarce resource in plenty." Comment and discuss its importance in the
balanced habitat development. Support your answer with examples from Asia.
7. Critically examine Alfred Weler's Theory of the Location of Industries.
8. Critically examine the concept of dualism with special reference to physical versus
human Geography.
PAPER-II-1997
SECTION A
1. Answer any three of the following question in about 200 words each:
(a) Discuss the origin and main geographic feature of Thar Desert of India
(b) Examine the significance of social forestry in the rural economy of India.
(c) Examine the genesis of racial diversity in India.
(d) Discuss the impact of green revolution on the agricultural production in India.
2. Critically examine the factors affecting the distributional pattern of population in
India.
3. Evaluate the nature of ecological problem in India and suggest measures for their
measurement.
4. Divide peninsular India into agricultural regions. Explain the basis of such a
regionalization.
SECTION B
(a) Analyse the locational pattern of cement industry in India.
(b) Examine the census concept of urban areas in India.
(c) Discuss the nature of commodity flows in India.
(d) Evaluate the benefits of Block Level development planning in India.
6. Critically examine the locational pattern and trend of production of forest based
industries in India.
7. Draw a sketch map of India showing major river basins. Examine the feasibility of the
concept of river basins as a planning unit.
8. Explain the basis and consequences of the establishment and implementation of
recommendations of the State Reorganisation Commission in India since 1950s.
G E O G R A P HY 1 9 9 8
Geography-1998
PAPER-I
ten words in your answer-book what you consider to be the most significant aspect of
each one of them:(a) Hirakund Darn
(b) Konkan Coast
(c) Satpura Range
(d) Narmada River
(e) Lava Region
(f) Paradip Port
(g) Visakhapatnam
(h) Lucknow

(i)
(j)
Chilka Lake
Bangalore
OR
On the world map provided, mark the following and write in not more than ten words in
your answer-book, what you consider to be the most significant aspects of each one of
them:
(a) Caspian Sea
(b) Hwang Ho River
(c) Gulf of Oman
(d) Madagascar Island
(e) Appalachian Mountain
(f) Gibson Desert
(g) Sicily Island
(h) Palk Strait
(i) Dogger Bank
(j) Amazon River
2.
Write short notes on any three of the following (each answer should be in about 200
words):
(a) Soil genesis
(b) Geomorphic processes
(c) Locational Triangle
(d) Types of Farming
SECTION A
3. Discuss the concept of volcanicity and show how the theory of Plate Tectonics
explains the mechanism of volcanism and volcanic eruptions.
4. Discuss the nature and composition of earth's atmosphere.
5. Explain and illustrate the submarine relief of the Atlantic Ocean.
SECTION B
6. What is understood by quantification in Geography? Discuss the significance of
quantification in modern geographical studies with examples.
7. Explain the term resource management. Discuss its relevance in the context of global
resource scarcity and the future of mankind.
8. Examine the impact of advanced agricultural technology on environment. Support
your answer with examples.
PAPER-II-1998
SECTION A
(a) Evaluate the feasibility of the proposed Ganga-Cauveri drainage link.
(b) Discuss the role of institutional factors in the efficiency and productivity of agriculture
in India.
(c) Examine the resources of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
(d) Bring out the present day position of exploitation and processing of nuclear minerals
in India.
2. Critically examine the problems and prospects of tribal areas in India.
3. Discuss the cropping patterns in different agricultural regions of India.
4. Examine the pattern of distribution and mode of exploitation of bauxite in India.
SECTION B
(a) Examine the importance of industrial estates in India.
(b) Discuss the geographical control of rural settlement pattern in India.
(c) Explain the role of railways as a unifying factor in Indian economy.
(d) Discuss the geopolitical importance of Indian Ocean area.

6. Bring out the trands in the development of fertilizer industry in India.
7. Discuss the concept of city region and referring to Indian cities, examine critically
functional indicators used for delimiting the city region.
8. Discuss the role of languages in regional consciousness and national integration in
India.
G E O G R A P HY 1 9 9 9
Geography-1999
PAPER -I
ten words in your answer-book what you consider the most significant aspect of each one
of them:(a) Farakka barrage
(b) Kavaratti
(c) Manali-Leh highway
(d) Majuli riverain island
(e) Rajmahal hills
(f) Palghat gap
(g) Chhattisgarh plain
(h) Luni River
(i) Karwar
(j) Anandpur Sahib
OR
On the outline map of India provided, mark the following and write in not more than ten
them:(a) Greenwich
(b) Caribbean Sea
(c) Eritrea
(d) West Bank
(e) Dakshin Gangotri
(f) Vatican City State
(g) Great Dividing Range
(h) Tai-pei
(i) Alaska
(j) Chagai hills
2. Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
(a) Cs type of climate, as per Koeppen's classification
(b) Submarine canyons
(c) Gravity model
(d) Primate city
SECTION A
3. Bring out the distinctions between the continental drift theory and the plate tectonics
theory.
4. Make a comparative study of the tropical and temperate cyclones.
5. Discuss the relevance of watershed', as an ecosystem for the purpose of sustainable
development.
SECTION B
6. Describe the sequence of major paradigm shifts in geographic thought during the
twentieth century.
7. Bring out the contrast between the internal structure of the pre-industrial and
industrial cities.

8. How far do the patterns of economic development and those of human development
correspond with each other in the world? Illustrate your answer with examples.
PAPER -II-1999
equal marks
SECTION A
(a) Explain the rise of the Himalayan ranges.
(b) Elucidate the mechanism of the Indian Monsoon.
(c) Examine the need for conservation of biotic resources in India.
(d) Discuss the genesis of ethnic and racial diversities in India.
2. Write an essay on the role of animal husbandry and household industries in the
development of rural economy in India.
3. Discuss the factors for the localization of either the cement or the cotton textile
industry in India and analyse the pattern of its distribution.
4. Critically examine the role of infrastructural and institutional factors in the recent
transformation of Indian agriculture.
SECTION B
5. Write short notes in about 200 words each on nay three of the following:
(a) Role of rural market centres in fostering intra and inter-regional trade in India.
(b) Hierarchical pattern of Indian towns.
(c) Nature and utility of multi-level planning in India.
(d) Regional consciousness versus national integration in India.
6. Explain with suitable examples and sketch-maps, the distribution of various patterns
of rural settlements in India.
7. Analyse the causes of regional disparities in the economic development of India and
suggest measures for their removal.
8. Critically examine the complementary and competitive character of the Indian rail routes and the road network.
G E O G R A P HY 2 0 0 0
PAPER-I- 2000
SECTION A
1. On the supplied outline map of the world mark any TEN of the following and write in
your answer script the most significant aspect of each of them in not more than TEN
words:
(a) Addis Ababa
(b) Vladivostok
(c) Mt. Cotopaxi
(d) Mt. Gunnbjorn
(e) Pidurutalagala
(f) Amu Darya
(g) Long Island
(h) Nubian Desert
(i) Karkloof Waterfall
(j) Yellow Sea
(k) Great Bear Lake
(l) Welland Canal
2. With reference to the theory of Plate Tectonics, explain the origin and growth of the
young Fold Mountain Systems of the world.

3. Give an account of the types and distribution of precipitation on the surface of the
earth.
4. Discuss the causes and consequences of environmental degradation and highlight the
related conservation measures.
SECTION B
(a) T-S diagram
(b) Soil Profile
(c) Rank-Size Rule
(d) The limits to growth
6. Discuss the causes and consequences of population migration in the world.
7. Explain the basis and applicability of Christallar's Central Place Theory. Bring out the
recent modifications.
8. What is a region? Discuss the types of regions and the methods of regionalization.
PEPER-II- 2000
SECTION A
1. Draw an outline map of India covering the major portion of a page of your answer
book and mark on it ten of the following entries:
(a) Cauvery
(b) Narmada river
(c) Chilka lake
(d) Negarjunsagar
(e) Agra
(f) Cochin
(g) Satpura range
(h) Aravalli hills
(i) Bombay High
(j) Kaziranga national Park
(k) Kargil region
(l) National Highway No. 7
2. Describe the structure and relief features of Peninsular India.
3. Analyse the distribution of population in India in the perspective of natural resources
and identify the over-populated and under-populated regions in the country.
4. Discuss the growth, location and distribution of Iron and Steel Industry in India.
SECTION B
(a) Explain the concept of multi-level planning in India.
(b) Analyse the recent trends in Indian International Trade.
(c) Examine the National Forest Policy of India.
(d) Discuss the environmental impact of the growth of slums in Indian cities.
6. Describe the salient characteristics of the morphology of Indian cities.
7. Analyse the role of India in the geo-politics of the Indian Ocean Region.
8. Give a reasoned account of either flood hazards or drought hazards occurring in
India, and also suggest measures for controlling them.
G E O G R A P HY 2 0 0 1
PAPER-I-2001
SECTION A
1. On the outline map of the world supplied to you mark any ten of the following and
also write in your answer script the most significant aspect of each of them in not more
than ten words:
(a) Bandung

(b) Alice Springs
(c) Mekong river
(d) Gulf of Oman
(e) Timor Island
(f) Kara Sea
(g) Atlas Mountains
(h) Gulf of Bothnia
(i) Agulhas Current
(j) Mariana Trench
(k) Lake District
(l) Shiraz
2. Present a critical analysis of the theory of Isostasy.
3. Discuss the concept of airmasses and present their classification.
4. Discuss the concept, components and functioning of an ecosystem.
SECTION B
5. Write short notes on any three of the following (Each answer should be in 200
words):
(a) Agro-forestry
(b) Radical Approach in Human Geography
(c) Concept of optimum population
(d) Formation of coral reefs
6. Examine the spatial patterns of development disparity prevailing in the world.
7. Critically examine the role of growth centres and growth poles in regional
development process.
8. Discuss the concept and application of systems analysis in Human Geography.
PAPER-II-2001
SECTION A
1. Mark on the outline map of India supplied any ten of the following entries. Write
brief notes (not exceeding 30 words) on the geographical significance of each entry.
(a) Harishchandra Range
(b) Bhima river
(c) Semi-arid climatic zone
(d) Manas National Park
(e) Anai Mudi
(f) Sambhar lake
(g) Digboi oilfield
(h) Baghelkhand
(i) National Highway No. 8
(j) Anjar
(k) Red and Yellow soil areas
(l) Minicoy island
2. Discuss the relief features of Indian Northern Plains.
3. Examine the geographical basis of agro-climatic planning regions of India.
4. Describe the growth, characteristics and distribution pattern of India's industrial
regions.
SECTION B
5.
Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each:
(a) Elucidate the sex and age structure of the population of India.
(b) Give a brief account of the second order regions of India's Peninsular Plateau.
(c) Explain the sequence of vegetation zones of the Himalayas.
(d) Provide the geographical background and characteristics of the distribution of Hill
Stations of India.

6. Discuss the geopolitical importance of India's Land Boundaries.
7. Explain the concept of watershed and its utility in land management.
8. Explain the geographical characteristics of the regional distribution of earthquakes in
India.
G E O G R A P HY 2 0 0 2
PAPER-I-2002
SECTION A
1. On the outline map of the world supplied to you mark any ten of the following and
also write in your answer script the most significant aspect of every one of them in not
more than ten words each:
(a) Adam's Bridge
(b) Appalachian Mountains
(c) Bohemia
(d) Chechnya
(e) Golden Triangle
(f) Great Artesian Basin
(g) Labrador Current
(h) Lesotho
(i) Patagonia
(j) Sahel
(k) Tasmania
(l) Yucatan Peninsula
2. Provide a critique of the 'geographical cycle' model, propounded by Davis.
3. Discuss the criteria which Thomthwaite adopted for his 1948 classification of world
climates.
4. Write in detail on the concept of biosphere as an ecosystem.
SECTION B
(a) Geosynclines
(b) Neo-environmentalism
(c) Isolated states
(d) Rimland Theory
6. Bring out the main points of difference between the central place theories of
Christaller and Losch.
7. Write an essay on sustainable development from the perspective of Geography.
8. To what extend do the regional patterns of economic development and human
development in the world correspond with each other? Highlight situations of departure,
in particular.
PAPER-II-2002
SECTION A
1. Mark on the outline map of India supplied any TEN of the following entries. Write brief
notes (not exceeding 30 words) on the significant aspect of each entry:(a) Blue Mountain
(b) Tawa river
(c) Dallirajhara mines
(d) Marmugao
(e) Coimbatore
(f) Kodaikanal
(g) Wular lake
(h) Rourkela
(i) Konkan railway

(j) Laterite soils
(k) Gulf of Mannar
(l) Rana Pratap Sagar
2. Explain the origin, mechanism and characteristics of Summer Monsoon in India.
3. Critically evaluate the dual impacts of green revolution in India.
4. Discuss the oil and natural gas pipeline networks in India. Highlight their
complementary role in regional development.
SECTION B
5. Answer any THREE of the following in about 200 words each:
(a) Account for the present distributional pattern of population density in India.
(b) Analyse the role of policy of liberalization on industrial landscape of India.
(c) Discuss the salient features of Cauvery Water Award.
(d) Elucidate the role of Tribal Development Blocks in development of Tribal areas.
6. Explain the causes, impacts and remedial measures of earthquake disaster.
7. In what way the language, religion and tradition can form the basis of cultural
regionalization of India? Elaborate.
8. Give a reasoned account of regional disparities in economic development in India and
bring out the contribution of decentralized planning in solving this problem.
G E O G R A P HY 2 0 0 3
PAPER-I-2003
SECTION A
1. On the outline map of the world supplied to you mark any TEN of the following and
than TEN words:
(a) Stewart Island
(b) Shibeli River
(c) Asuncion
(d) Catskill mountains
(e) North Cape
(f) Cape York Peninsula
(g) Tsugaru Strait
(h) Izmir
(i) Bay of Plenty
(j) Gulf of Darien
(k) Uranium City
(l) Zagreb.
2. Explain the sequential development of landforms associated with the coastal areas.
3. Discuss the mechanism and significance of tricellular meridional circulation of
atmosphere.
4. Present a concise account of bottom relief of the Indian Ocean.
SECTION B
5. Write short notes on any THREE of the following in about 200 words each:
(a) Genesis of Soils
(b) Environmental Pollution
(c) Concept of limits to growth
(d) Regional imbalance
6. Present a critical analysis of human and welfare approaches in Human Geography.
7. Examine the concept of sphere of urban influence and discuss the qualitative and
quantitative methods used in its delimitation.
8. Critically examine the stages of Economic Growth Model propounded by Rostov.
Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.

PAPER-II-2003
SECTION A
brief notes (not exceeding 30 words) on the significant aspect of each entry:
(i) Loktak Lake
(ii) Elephanta Island
(iii) Kali Sindh River
(iv) Ranikhet
(v) Girnar Hills
(vi) Alwaye
(vii) Shillong Plateau
(viii) Kolar Gold Mines
(ix) Salem
(x) Rohtang Pass
(xi) Gobind Ballabh Pant Sagar
(xii) New Mangalore
2. Highlight the salient differences between the Himalayan and the Peninsular drainage
systems.
3. Give an account of the success and prospects of Blue Revolution with comments on
its impacts on rural economy of India.
4. Discuss the growing importance of ports in foreign trade of India.
SECTION B
5. Answer any three of the following in 200 words each:
(a) Discuss the census definition of urban areas in India
(b) Explain the concept of Command Area Development in respect of Multi-Purpose
Projects of India.
(c) Identify the drought-prone areas of India and discuss the measures of their
development.
(d) Make an appraisal of the role of India in the geopolitics of the Indian Ocean.
6. Discuss the programmes and policy of development of dry areas in India.
7. Present an account of the experience of regional planning in India in the context of
Damodar Valley.
8. Explain the causes of regional disparities in economic development of India.
G E O G R A P HY 2 0 0 4
PAPER-I-2004
equal marks
Illustrate your answers with suitable sketch-maps and diagrams.
SECTION A
1. On the outline map of the world supplied to you, mark any ten of the following and
also write in your answer script the most significant aspect of every one of them in not
more than ten words each:
(a) Andes
(b) Bamian
(c) Cape Horn
(d) Darwin
(e) Fiji
(f) Great Lakes
(g) Iberian Peninsula
(h) Maastricht

(i) Nunavut
(j) Pyrenees
(k) Sinai
(l) Kalahari
2. Describe the landforms which are products of endogenetic forces.
3. How would the impact of global warming differ from one part of the earth to
another? Give a reasoned account.
4. Discuss the mid-Atlantic Ridge in terms of its origin, extent and relief.
SECTION B
(a) Peneplain
(b) Pelagic deposits
(c) Potential evapotranspiration
(d) Growth pole
6. To what extent are the heartland and Rimland theories helpful in understanding the
world political situation today? Express your opinion clearly.
7. Discuss various strategies for correcting regional imbalances.
8. Distinguish between radical and welfare approaches in geographic studies.
PAPER-II-2004
SECTION A
1. Mark on the outline map of India supplied any TEN of the following entries. Write
brief notes (not exceeding 30 words) on the significant aspects of each entry:
(a) Gulf of Kachchh
(b) Indravati River
(c) Mount Abu
(d) Ganga river waterway from Allahabad
(e) Dhauladhar range
(f) Kudremukh
(g) Gulmarg
(h) Black soils
(i) Nagarjun Sagar
(j) Bhuj
(k) Rajrappa Fall
(l) Dimapur.
2. Discuss the role of spatial pattern of rainfall and temperature in the delimitation of
climatic regions of India, especially with reference to Stamp's climatic regionalization.
3. Identify the important biotic-resource regions of India. Highlight, in brief the problems
and remedial measures of biotic-resource conservation in India.
4. Give a comparative account of the development of River Water Transport in precolonial and post-independence periods in India. Highlight the role of River Transport in
regional development.
SECTION B
5. Answer any THREE of the following in about 200 words each:
(a) Evaluate the population policy of India and examine its relevance to the nation's
population control.
(b) How do slums develop? Give concrete suggestions for their improvement
(c) Write an essay on the origin, dimensions and implications of Sino-Indian border
dispute.
(d) Evaluate the concept of sustainable growth and development.
6. "Economic characteristics of an area exert a much more direct effect upon its
population patterns than do the physical characteristics." Explain with examples.

7. Explain the causes, impacts and remedial measures of flood-hazards in Middle and
Lower Ganga plain.
8. Examine the regional development policy of India in various Five Year Plans.
G E O G R A P HY 2 0 0 5
PAPER-I-2005
equal marks
SECTION A
1. On the outline map of the World supplied to you, mark any ten of the following and
than 10 words:
(a) Taipei
(b) Bern
(c) Lake Balaton
(d) Port Louis
(e) Great Barrier Reef
(f) Leeds
(g) Broken Hill
(h) Nova Scotia
(i) Madrid
(j) Moluccas
(k) Graz
(l) Mosul
2. "Structure is a dominant control factor in the evolution of landforms." Discuss with
suitable examples.
3. Discuss the main features of the climatic classification system evolved by Koppen. Also
point out its anomalies.
4. Bring out the major problems of environmental pollution at global scale and suggest
measures to check it.
SECTION B
5.
Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
(a) Role of seismic waves in the study of earth's interior
(b) Soil erosion and conservation
(c) A real differentiation
(d) Concept of primate city
6. Examine the Heart land theory, and assess its merits and demerits.
7. Discuss Weber's theory of industrial location, and assess its relevance in the present
day context.
8. What is a region? Discuss the methods of regionalization.
PAPER-II-2005
SECTION A
brief notes (not exceeding 30 words) on the significant aspects of the same ten entries:
(a) Jawahar Lal Nehru Port
(b) Chandra Bhaga River
(c) Kaimur Range
(d) Dalhousie
(e) Ganga Sagar
(f) Indira Point

(g) Cardamom Hills
(h) Bombay High
(i) Nag Pahar
(j) Gersoppa Falls
(k) Pulicat Lake
(l) Kakinada
2. "Non-conventional energy is the energy of the future in India." Justify this statement.
3. Present an account of the success and constraints of White Revolution in India.
4. What is the Golden Quadrilateral? Discuss the progress made in its execution and
impacts on Indian economy.
SECTION B
(a) Identify the tribal of India and highlight their important problems.
(b) Discuss briefly the principal types of rural settlements in India.
(c) Elucidate the concept of sustainable growth and development.
(d) Discuss Panchayati Raj as a measure of decentralized planning in India.
6. Give an account of the distribution of flood-prone areas of India and the programmes
and policy of controlling the impact of floods in the country.
7. Examine the relationship between Geography and regional planning.
8. Discuss the experience of regional planning in India in the context of the National
Capital Region.
G E O G R A P HY 2 0 0 6
PAPER-I-2006
equal marks
SECTION A
1. On the outline map of the world provided to you, mark the location of nay ten of the
following. Also write in your answer script the most significant aspect of each of them in
not more than 10 words:
(a) Kulti
(b) Mount Adam
(c) Pidurutala Galle
(d) Yangon
(e) Kuala Terengganu
(f) Brunei
(g) East Timor
(h) Greater Kinghan
(i) Shanghai
(j) Ulan Bator
(k) Dodoma
(l) Tshwane
2. Critically evaluate the continental drift hypothesis of A. Wegener.
3. Compare the structure and associated weather conditions of tropical cyclone with
that of temperate cyclone.
4. Discuss the global ecological imbalances and their management.
SECTION B
5.
(a) Distribution of soils
(b) Cultural regions of the world

(c) Sustainable development
(d) Ocean currents of Northern Atlantic Ocean
6. In urban Geography, what are the concepts of primate city and Rank Size Rule?
Discuss in details.
7. What is the concept of a region? Discuss the types of regions.
8. Write down main agricultural types and their associated features with special
reference to Whittlesey. Show these regions on the world map provided to you.
PAPER-II-2006
SECTION A
1. Mark on the outline map of India supplied, any ten of the following entries. Write
(a) Malaygiri
(b) Sibsagar
(c) Khetri
(d) Kolleru lake
(e) Sind river
(f) Kalakot
(g) Nathula pass
(h) Renukoot
(i) Sabarigiri
(j) Surendranagar
(k) New Moore Island
(l) Javadi hills
2. Give a critical account of the recent theories of origin of Indian monsoon with special
reference to Jet Stream Theory.
3. Discuss the problems and prospects of dry zone agriculture in India and highlight
strategies and schemes for its development.
4. Trace the evolution of industries in India & evaluate the role of multinationals &
liberalization policies in this context.
SECTION B
5. Write any three of the following in about 200 words each:
(a) Discuss the causes and consequences of sex-ratio variations in India.
(b) Examine the geographical basis of Indian federalism.
(c) Write an essay on the population explosion and food security in India.
(d) Discuss the elements and approaches of town planning in India.
6. Explain the morphology of Indian cities in the background of existing morphological
models.
7. Present an account of tribals, tribal areas and their problems in India.
8. Explain the processes and patterns of regional disparities in India and suggest suitable
measures for brining about the regional balances.
G E O G R A P HY 2 0 07
PAPER-I-2007
equal marks
SECTION A
1. On the outline map of the Africa provided to you, mark the location of any ten of the
following. Also write in your answer script the most significant aspect of each of them in
not more than 10 words.
(a) Casablanca
(b) Kimberley

(c) Aswan
(d) Kalahari
(e) Alexandria
(f) Durban
(g) Lagos
(h) Luanda
(i) Lake Victoria
(j) Cape Town
(k) Niger Delta
(l) Maputo
2. Discuss the development of local winds, and their influence on local weather, giving
three examples of the well-known local winds in the world.
3. Discuss the different bases for classifying the ocean deposits and give a detailed
account of pelagic deposits of the oceans.
4. Define the concept of isostasy and discuss the postulations of Airy and Pratt.
SECTION B
5.
(a) Social Forestry and environmental conservation
(b) Dualism in Geography
(c) Eustatic changes of Sea-level
(d) Delineation of Urban Fringe
6. Explain the concept of sustainable development and propose a model for agricultural
development.
7. Give an account of the functional bases to central place hierarchy.
8. Write a note on the parameters used to describe the demographic transitions in the
developing countries like India.
PAPER-II-2007
equal marks
SECTION A
1. Mark on the outline map of India supplied, any ten of the following entries. Write
(a) Nagarjuna Sagar
(b) Dharmasala
(c) Aizawl
(d) Konkan Railway
(e) Kovalam Beach
(f) Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary
(g) ICRISAT
(h) Vishakhapatnam Port
(i) Panna
(j) Nuclear Fuel Complex
(k) Gurgaon
(l) Bodh Gaya
2. Explain the different views put forth about the origin of Himalayas and divide
Himalayas into vertical divisions.
3. Discuss the need of conservation and utility of water resource in India.
4. "The institutional factors have grip over the crop pattern and crop productivity on
Indian agriculture." Justify.
SECTION B
5.
Write any three of the following in about 200 words each:

(a) Discuss the policies and programmes of Integrated Rural Development Programmes in
India.
(b) Explain the causes and consequence of migration.
(c) Write a critical note on the Cauvery River Dispute.
(d) Critically examine the Panchayati Raj setup.
6. Bring out the impact of multinationals and liberalization on the Industrial
Economy/Pattern of India.
7. Discuss environmental problems of India in the context of rapid economic
development and population growth.
8. "Slums are urban menace." Elucidate with Indian cities as examples.
G e o g rap h y 2 0 0 8
Paper I Section A
a). Ozark Plateau
b). Anatolia
c). Mato Grasso
d). Pusan
e). Brooks Range
f). Dash-e Kavir
g). Cape Horn Current
h). Burzil Pass
i). Bass Strait
j). Kjolen
k). Santos
l). Abuja
2. Critically examine the concept of geomorphic cycle and discuss the
views of W.M.Davis and W. Penck.60
3. Discuss the mechanics and origin of the monsoon winds and explain the
role of El Nino on Monsoon circulation.60
4. Describe the ideal conditions for coral reef formation and discuss the
glacial control theory of coral reef formation. 60
Section B
5. Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words
each: 20 3 = 60
a). Desertification as an environmental hazards
b). Primate Cities
c). Seafloor spreading theory
d). Behavioral Geography
6. Discuss the social and economic theories of population growth. 60
7. Describe the laws of international boundaries and frontier.60
8. Describe the view of von Thunen on agricultural location. 60
Paper 2
Section A
1. Mark on the outline map of India supplied any ten of the following
entries. Write brief notes ( not exceeding 40 words each ) on the
significant aspects of the same ten entires. 6 10 = 60
a). Butcher Island
b). Gopalpur Beach
c). Lavasa

d). Gandhisagar
e). Nam Dapha
f). Pampore
g). Mount Harrier
h). Barail Ranges
i). Palitana
j). NIO
k). Baltel
l). Pindari
2. Distinguish between the Himalayan and the peninsular drainage
system.60
3. Discuss the bases of identifying agro climate zones and explain the core
strategies for agricultural development. 60
4. Explain the factors promoting the rapid growth and development of the
automobile industry in India, giving suitable example.60
Section B
5. Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words
each:20 3 = 60
a). Suggest appropriate energy policy for minimizing energy crisis in
India.
b). Describe and explain the spatial patterns of literacy in India.
c). Assess the geographical significance of Indian Ocean.
d). Explain the concept of sustainable development and examine its
relevance.
6. Unplanned urban development has created numerous problems
Comment.60
7. Critically examine the bases of state reorganization in India since
Independence. 60
8. Discuss the problems and Prospects of development of catchment
and command areas.60
G e o g rap h y 2 0 0 9
Paper I SECTION A
1. Answer the following in about 200 words each :
a) Highlights the geomorphic features essentially found in topographies under the second
cycle of Erosion. 20
b) Give a brief account of principal land biomes and their latitudinal distribution.20
c) Discuss views on slope development provided by L.C. King. 20
2. a). Identify each features that is indicated by the numerals (i)
to (x) on the world Map provided. Identification of the feature
carries 2 marks each.210=20
b). Mention the location of each feature in respect of + (-)
GMT. This carries 1 mark each. 110=10
c). provide a write up on the significance of the identified
feature in approximately 40 words, this carries 3 marks each. 310=30
3. a). Explain factors contributing to the global climate change
20

b). Discuss the consequences of Climate Change on agriculture and food security , and on
the Coastal Zones of the world. 20
c). How does Climate change affect urban areas? 20
4. a). Examine economic significance of the resources of the Continental Shelf of the Indian
Ocean. 30
b). Comment on marine heat budget and the oceanic
Circulation system. 30
Section B (Human Geography)
5. Write short notes on any three of the following in about
200 words each:203=60
a). Weight Triangle
b). Limit to Growth Model
c). Tropical atmospheric instability
d). Zonal and Azonal soils
6. a). Provide a geographical account of global production and distribution of food.30
b). Quantitative Revolution and model building provided
an empirical basis for geographical research Elaborate.
30
7. Elaborate the concept of Megalopolis and discuss the
characteristics and problems related to two such regions
selecting one each from North America and Europe. 60
8. a). Provide a broad classification of world cultural regions.
30
b). Highlights the significance of environmental issues in
Regional Planning.
30
Paper II Section A
1. On the outline map of India provided to you , mark the

location of any fifteen of the following for which 1 ( one)
mark is given to each correct entry. Write in your answer
script the significance geographical relevance or strategic
importance of these locations, whether physical /
commercial / economic / ecological / environmental /
cultural in not more than 30 words for each entry. 3 (three)
marks are allotted for each write up. 154=60
a) Akarimota
b) Kolleru Lake
c) Van Tivu
d) Silent Valley
e) Amaravati River
f) Pirotan Island
g) Mangla
h) Meghnagar
i) Shipki La
j) Bhachau
k) The Home of Sundari tree
l) Place of orgin of River Narmada
m) Gokak
n) Ken River
o) Bailadila

p) Bhavani Sagar Dam
q) Kutralam Falls
r) Dalma Hills
s) Rangit River
t) Dhanjori Hills
. a). Discuss the formation and their distribution of the
major soil types of India. 30
b). Give reasons as to why rainfall variability is a
characteristic features of Indias monsoons. 30
. Distinguish between the West and East coasts of India in terms of their evolution, present
topography and drainage
attern.60 . Examine the role of raw materials in the location of the Iron
nd Steel Industry in India. Illustrate your answer with uitable examples. 60
SECTION B
203=60
a). What is the role of the Triple Transport System in the regional development of India ?
b). Explain the factors responsible for the distribution of Sugar Industry in India.
c). State the geographical factors which influence rural house types in India.
d). Giving reasons , identify the chronic drought prone areas of India.
6. What are the cause and consequences of environmental
degradation in Indias industrial areas? Give specific examples. 60
7. There is no sharp divide where an urban settlement stops
and rural areas begins. Analyze the statement with reference to the sprawl of Indian
cities. 60
8. a). How do the push and pull factors operate for the emergence of slums in the
metropolises of India?30
b). Discuss the impact of globlisation of Indias industry
and agriculture sectors. 30
G e o g rap h y 2 0 1 0
paper 1
1. write short notes on the following about 200 words . 154 =60
a. essential conditions for development of karst topography
b. ocean deposits
c. inversion of temperature
d. floristic kingdoms, based on their global distribution
2. a. bring out the relevance of seismic study in determining the structure of the interior of
the earth . 30 mrks
b. weathering is complex phenomenon involving a number of process & is influenced by
various factors. Elaborate. 30 mrks
3. a. what is polar front? How does cyclone develop along this front? Describe the weather
conditions associated with it. 30 mrks
b. examine the various kinds of atmospheric humidity & their associated forms. 30 mrks
4.a. explain the scientifically sound methods of bathymetry & give an account of the
bottom topography of the atlantic ocean. 30 mrks
b. give an account of the structure of ecosystem & describe its functional aspects. 30 mrks

section b
5. write the short explanatory notes on the following: 125 = 60
a . neo-determinism
b. occidental culture realm
c. optimum population
d. growth poles
e. von thunens concept of economic rent.
6.a. critically examine the method of deriving human development index. 30 mrks
b. famine to a considerable extent, ia man made hazard. Elaborate. 30 mrks
7.a. critically examine the changing perspective of on the concept of a real differentiation.
30 mrks
b. bring out the sequential improvements in models of city structure of by e. w. burgeese,
homer hoyt, & harris & ullman. 30 mrks
8.a. discuss the role of world trade organization in determining the pattern of world trade.
30 mrks
b. huge populations of developing countries are not a curse. These may be & also are an
asset , if situations are properly managed. Elaborate on this assertion. 30 mrks.
paper 2
1. on the outline map of India provided to you , mark the location of all the following for
which 1(one) marks is given to each correct entry. Write in you answer script the significant
geographical relevance/strategic importance of these locations , whether
physical/commercial/economic/ecological/environmental/culture in not more than 30 words
for each entry. 3 (three) marks are allotted for each write-up. 415 = 60
a. narcondam
b. kavvayi
c. krishnapatanam
d. shadnagar
e. gahirmatha
f. point calimere
g. jaitapur
h. parichha
i. saltoro kangri
j. shencottah gap
k. banas river
l. phalgu river
m. sirpur
n. sanand
o. drass
2. explain Himalayan orogeny & illustrate how the process has affected the geomorphic
characteristics of marco divisions of Himalayas. 60 mrks
3. a. discuss the spatial distribution of natural vegetation in India with the help of sketched
map. 30 mrks
b. examine the problems & prospects of agro-based industries in bihar. 30 mrks
4.a. discuss the emerging pattern of surface water utilization in India. 30 mrks
b. assess as to how surface water utilization affects food production & food security in the

country. 30 mrks
section b
5. write about the following in 250 words: 154 = 60
a. role of physiography in cross border terrorism
b. offshore oilfields & coastal ecology
c. spatial pattern of soil erosion in India
d. ethnic diversity of north-eastern states
6.a. define an epidemic & discuss the occurrence of chikungunya in India . 30 mrks
b. identify the regions affected by chikungunya with the help of sketched map & bring out
the regional pattern of the disease. 30 mrks
7.a. outline he role of class II & class III towns in urban process of India & indicate their
contribution towards balanced urban development. 30 mrks
b. how does formation of national park help ecological restoration & conservation? Explain
with suitable examples. 30 mrks
8.a. explain how demographic transaction created demographic divide in contemporary
India. 30 mks
b. what is regionalism? Discuss how regionalism affects the developmental process with
suitable examples. 30 mks.
G e o g rap h y 2 0 1 1
Section-A
1. Write short note on the following in about 150 words each : 12x5=60
(a) Geomagnetism and paleomagnetism
(b) Rossby waves and Jet Stream
(c) Salinity patterns in Indian Ocean
(d) Soil profile in Zonal and Azonal soils
(e) Marine Ecosystem
2. (a) Name the climatically controlled agents of erosion. Explain how they differ in terms
of properties of matter. Compare the landforms produced by each one of them. 30
(b) Explain the concept of Isostasy as postulated by Airy and Pratt. 30
3. (a) Give an account of global distribution of precipitation. 30
(b) Contemporary global climate change is an anthropogenic phenomenon. Discuss. 30
4. (a) Temperature, salinity and density differences in ocean water are the prime causes of
ocean water circulation. Elaborate. 30
(b) Define the term biome. List the terrestrial biomes and describe the characteristics of
Savanna biome. 30
Section-B
5. Write short explanatory notes on the following : 12x5=60
(a) Welfare Approach in Human Geography
(b) Secondary cities in the context of urbanization in developing world
(c) Isodapane in the Theory of Industrial Location
(d) Population and Food security
(e) Ingredients of Sustainable Development
6. (a) Discuss the impact of positivism in paradigm shift in Geography. 30
(b) Enumerate alternative strategies of planning for backward regions. 30

7. (a) Distiguish between boundaries and frontiers. Identify different types of boundaries.
(b) Mention the agricultural regions as classified by whittlessey and discuss their
relevance. 30
8. (a) Discuss System Approach and its applicability in Geography. 30
(b) Critically examine the salient features of Central Place Theory propounded by Christaller
and Losch. 30
Paper-II
Section-A
1. On the outline map of India provided to you, mark the location of All of the following
for which 1 (One) mark is given to each correct entry.
Write in your answer script the significant geo-graphical relevance or strategic importance
of these locations, whether physical/commercial/economic/ecological
environmental/cultural in not more than 30 words for each entry. Four (4) marks are
allotted for each write-up of these correctly marked locations. 5x12=60
(a) Badami
(b) Mandvi
(c) Dodital
(d) Yanam
(e) Netarhat
(f) Shamsabad
(g) Lakshmantirath River
(h) Bara-Lacha La
(i) Kakolat Fall
(j) Singrauli
(k) Dafla Hills
(l) Tree Island
2. Present a comparative analysis of the regimes of Himalayan and Peninsular rivers of India
and examine their implications in the irrigation system of the country. 60
3. (a) Identify the major biosphere reserves of India and discuss their role in the
conservation of forest and wildlife. 30
(b) Give an account of potentiality and prospects of development of marine resources of
India. 30
4. (a) Discuss the potentiality and status of aqua-culture in the Ganga Plain. 30
(b) Assess the scope and development of Pharmaceutical Industry in India. 30
Section-B
5. Write about the following in about 200 words each: 15x4=60
(a) Prospects of Rainbow Revolution in India.
(b) Karewa Deposits and their economic significance.
(c) Impact of land tenure on agriculture productivity in India.
(d) Agro-forestry in India.
6. (a) Assess the growing importance of air transport in India and examine its role in the
regional development of the country. 30
(b) Discuss the spatital pattern of intra-regional migration in India and examine its
implications in regional development. 30
7. (a) Differentiate between conurbations and metropolitan regions. Give a reasoned
account of emerging conurbations in India. 30

(b) Identify the ravine-affected areas in India and discuss the environmental and economic
impacts of their reclamation. 30
8. (a) Discuss the problems of environmental degradation generated by urban wastes in
India. 30
(b) Analyse the causes of desertification in India. Represent the desertified areas of the
country on a sketch map and suggest remedial measures to control it. 30

Geography (Mains) Previous 33 Years Question Papers (1979-2011) by (WWW - Mrunal.org) For UPSC IAS IPS Exam

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Geography (Mains) Previous 33 Years Question Papers (1979-2011) by (WWW - Mrunal.org) For UPSC IAS IPS Exam

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Geography (Mains) UPSC

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1. On the outline map of India provided to you , mark the

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