TETRAPODA

• Groups And Functions Of

Tetrapoda

• MADE BY : MOHD IBRAHEEM

• CLASS : 11 A

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 • Tetrapod is a super class of
vertebrates that include
amphibians reptiles birds and
INTRODUCTION TO mammals.
TETRAPODA • The term “tetrapod” refers to
the 4 limbs that evolved from
fish fins

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 GROUP 1 : AMPHIBIANS

• Amphibians r the oldest group of tetrapod

• They have both aquatic and terrestrial lifestyle
• Key features include a moist skin, gills in larvae,
and lungs in adults
• Example : frogs, toads, salamanders

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 • RESPIRATION: they respire
FUNCTIONS OF AMPHIBIANS through their skin, gills and
lungs
• REPRODUCTION: many
amphibians undergo
metamorphosis, transitioning
from aquatic larvae to
terrestrial adults
• ECOLOGICAL ROLE: they
serve as indicators of
environmental health and
contribute to nutrient cycling

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 GROUP 2 : REPTILES

• Reptiles are a diverse group of

Tetrapod that are fully adapted to a
terrestrial lifestyle
• Key features include dry, scaly skin,
amniotic eggs, and efficient kidneys
• Examples: snakes, lizards, turtles,
crocodiles

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FUNCTIONS OF
REPTILES • Thermoregulation: they are ectothermic,
relying on external heat sources for body
temperature regulation .
• Reproduction: most reptiles lay amniotic eggs
on land.
• Ecosystem role: they are important predators
and prey contributing to trophic interactions .

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GROUP 3 : BIRDS
• Birds are warm blooded
vertebrates with adaptations for
flight.
• Key features include feathers,
beaks, and hollow bones.
• They evolved from theropod
dinosaurs.
• Examples Eagles, sparrows,
Penguins.

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 FUNCTIONS OF BIRDS

• Flight: Wings allow birds to fly, enabling them to access new

food sources, migrate, and escape predators.
• Feeding: BK shapes are adapted to specific diets such as
insectivorous and nectarivorous.
• Communication: Birds use vocalizations, displays, and plumage
for communication and mate attraction

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 GROUP 4 : MAMMALS

• Mammals are a diverse group of tetrapod

characterized by mammary glands and hair or
fur.
• They have highly developed brains and are
endothermic.
• Examples: Humans, Dogs, Elephants, Whales.

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 FUNCTIONS OF MAMMALS

• Milk Production: Female mammals produce milk to

nourish their young.
• Thermoregulation: Most mammals are
endothermic, generating their own body heat.
• Adaptations: Mammals have evolved a wide range
of adaptations, including specialized teeth, limbs,
and sensory organs.

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