KINGDOM

ANIMALIA
 CHARACTERISTICS
•Multicellular

•Eukaryotic

•Lack cell walls

•Heterotrophic
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 2 Major Groups

▧ VERTEBRATES
- animal with a backbone

▧ INVERTEBRATES
- animal without backbone or vertebral column

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 VERTEBRATES

Mammals Birds Reptiles

- covered with hair and - Feathers cover their - They have thick dry
they have mammary body scales that cover the
glands - they have beaks or bill bodies of the reptiles to
- warm-blooded which they use to get prevent the excessive
animals food loss of water
Examples: - they have a pair of - cold-blooded animals
wings that enable them with four legs while
cats, dogs, goat, whales others have legs at all
and dolphins to fly

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 VERTEBRATES
Amphibians
- live in the water during the
early stage of their life and
begin to stay on land where they
can get enough food
- body is covered by a thin,
flexible and usually moist skin
- Their eggs are fertilised
externally
Fishes
- they have scales as body
covering and they breathe
through the gills
- they also have lungs for
breathing

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 INVERTEBRATES
▧ Phylum Porifera
▧ Phylum Cnidaria
▧ Phylum Platyhelminthes
▧ Phylum Nematoda
▧ Phylum Annelida
▧ Phylum Arthopoda
▧ Phylum Molluska
▧ Phylum Echinodermata

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 Phylum Porifera
(Porus – pore and Ferre – bear ; Sponges)

• Porifera are commonly called sponges, mostly marine

but may live in fresh water
• Mostly sessile and attach to sub stratum
• They are asymmetrical
• They have cellular level organization
• They have a single large opening called osculum.
They lack mouth, digestive cavity and anus
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 “
3 Classification of Phylum Porifera

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▧ Calcarea
• They are found in marine, shallow, and coastal
water.
• Their skeleton is composed of calcareous
spicules made of calcium carbonate.
• The body is cylindrical and exhibits radial
symmetry.
• The body organization is asconoid, syconoid, or
leuconoid.
• Eg., Clathrina, Scypha
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▧ Hexactinellids
• They are found in marine and the deep sea.
• The skeleton is made up of six-rayed
siliceous spicules.
• The body is cylindrical in shape and exhibit
radial symmetry.
• The canal system is Sycon or Leucon.
• Eg., Euplectella, Hyalonema

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▧ Desmospongiae

• They are found in marine or freshwater.

• The body is asymmetrical and cylindrical in shape.
• The canal system is a leuconoid type.
• The skeleton comprises spongin fibres, siliceous
spicules, which are monoaxon and triaxon.
• Eg: Spongia, Spongilla, etc.

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 Examples

SYCON SPONGILLA

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 Phylum Cnidaria
• These all organisms are aquatic

• They may be solitary or colonial

• They have tissue level organization but lacks organ and

organ system. Symmetry is radial

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• It has single aperture, the mouth. It has no
anus. Mouth bears tentacles

• They have special stinging cells called

cnidoblasts for defense purposes

• Reproduction is mainly asexual but

sometimes undergoes sexual reproduction

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 “
▧ 4 Classification of Cnidaria

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• Anthozoa – almost completely sessile.
Example – corals, sea anemones, sea pens

• Scyphozoa – swimming (true jellyfish)

• Cubozoa – box jellies, possess complex eyes

and potent toxins

• Hydrozoa – most diverse group with hydroids,

siphonophores, several medusae, fire corals

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Examples

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 Phylum Platyhelminthes
(platys – flat and helmins – worm ; flatworm)

• These are more primitive, soft, leaf or ribbon like

organisms without segmentation

• These are mostly parasites, few are free living

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• They attach to the host by suckers or hooks

• They are the first animals to have third primary

germ layer, this shows tissue differentiation
leading to organ formation

• Digestive track incomplete. They have flame

cells for excretion

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 “
Classification of Phylum
Platyhelminthes

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▧ Tubellaria
-A free living organisms found mostly in
fresh water

-hooks and suckers are not present

(ex.planaria, otoplana)

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• Trematoda
-mostly parasitic
-hooks and suckers are usually
present(fasciola, diplozoon)

TREMATODA SUBCLASSES
• Aspidogastrea
• Digenea

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• Cestoda
-exclusively parasitic
-have hooks and suckers
(Convolata, taenia spp/saginata)

CESTODA SUBCLASSES
• Cestodaria
• Eucestoda

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Examples

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 Phylum Nematoda
(Roundworms)

• Size of the body varies from microscopic to several

centimeters in length
• Body wall is covered with tough cuticle.
• Pseudocoelom is present
• Digestive track is complete
• These are generally parasites that causes disease
• They may be free living or soil in water
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Examples

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 Phylum Annelida
(Annelus – a ring and segmented – worms)

• Animal body is soft, elongated, bilateral, flattened

• Body is divided into segments by rings like groove and

annule

• Setae help them in movement

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• Alimentary canal is completed, straight and
extends from mouth to anus. These are first
animals to have true body cavity

• The specialized cells called metanephridia helps

in excretion

• Hermaphroditic

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 4 classification of Annelida
▧ Polychaeta
- found in the marine environment
- these are true coelomates, bilaterally symmetrical
worms.
▧ Oligochaeta
- mostly freshwater and terrestrial organisms
- the organisms belonging to this class are
monoecious.
▧ Hirudinea
- most commonly found in freshwater. Some are
marine, terrestrial, and parasitic.
- the organisms lay eggs in cocoons.
▧ Archiannelida
- They are found only in the marine environment.
-The body is elongated without setae and
parapodia.

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Examples

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 Phylum Arthopoda
(animals with jointed feet)

• They occur in soil, water and as parasites in plants and

animals. It is the largest phylum includes crabs,
insects, spiders, etc.
• Body is segmented externally but not separated
internally
• Body is divided into 3 regions: head, thorax, and
abdomen
• Interior part of the body forms head and bears
sense organs and small brain. Sexual are separate

• Hard exoskeleton is made up of cuticle. Body

contains blood, alimentary canal is complete,
respiration take place by gills, trachea, book lungs
etc.

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Examples

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 Phylum Molluska
(molluscus – soft)

• It includes aquatic organisms like snails, octopus,

slugs, oysters etc.

• Animal is soft, segmented without appendages

• Body is divided into 3 regions: head, visceral mass

and foot
• Sometimes body is covered by fleshy folds called
mantle

• In most cases, calcarious shell is secreted by

mantle which covers the body

• Alimentary canal is complete. Respiration is

through gills and sexes are separate

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Examples

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 Phylum Echinodermata
(Spiny skinned animals)

• These are marine, gregarious (at bottom), slow

moving animals

• Body is covered by spines. True body cavity, podia

for movement and all animals lacks head
Examples

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