Kingdom Animalia

Porifera (Sponges)

• The phylum Porifera includes a number of simple animals commonly referred to as sponges.
• Sponges are filter-feeders and cells (choanocytes) lining the cavity remove and digest suspended food
particles and water.
• They have pores all over their body.
Cnidaria/
Coelenterates
• Members of the phylum Cnidaria include hydras, jellyfish, sea corals, and sea anemones.
• The ends of the structures have tentacles with stinging devices called cnidocyte that help in defense and in
trapping food and has a hollow cavity.
Platyhelminthes
• Members of the phylum Platyhelminthes are flatworms, such as the planaria, tapeworm, liver flukes.
Nematoda
• Members of the phylum Nematoda are roundworms, and many are microscopic and parasitic

Ex. Ascaris, Pinworm and Hookworm

Mollusca
• Members of the phylum Mollusca are soft-bodied animals, such as the snail, clam, squid, oyster, and
octopus.
• All mollusks have a mantle, a thick fold of tissue that covers the internal organs.

Classes:

✓ Gastropoda – Ex. Snails and slugs

✓ Bivalves – Oysters, Clams and other organisms with two shell
✓ Cephalopods – Octopus and Squids
✓ Polyplacophora - Chitons
Annelida
• Members of the phylum Annelida include several classes of segmented worms, like earthworms and
leeches.
Arthropoda
• The largest number of species in the animal kingdom
• The external body skeleton of arthropods is called the exoskeleton.
• They have jointed legs and segmented body (head, thorax and abdomen)

Classes:

✓ Chilopoda – Centipedes (1 pair of legs per body segment)

✓ Diplopoda – Millipedes (2 pairs of legs per body segment)
✓ Insecta – Insects (3 pairs of legs)
✓ Arachnida – Spiders, Ticks, and Scorpion (4 pairs of legs)
✓ Crustaceans – Crabs, Shrimps and Lobsters (5 pairs of legs)
Echinodermata
• Members of this phylum include sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers.
 • They are spiny-skinned animals with tube feet used for walking.
Chordata
• All its members, called chordates
• They have several unique structures such as the notochord.
• There are three sub-phylums namely Urochordata, Cephalochordata and Vertebrata.

Classes of sub-phylum Vertebrata:

✓ Agnatha (jawless fishes)

✓ Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes)
✓ Osteichthyes (bony fishes)
✓ Amphibia (amphibians)
✓ Reptilia (reptiles)
✓ Aves (birds)
✓ Mammalia (mammals)

Kingdom Plantae
Bryophyta
Nonvascular plants do not have specialized tissues to transport fluids (xylem and phloem)

Ex. Mosses, Liverworts and Hornworts

Tracheophyta
Characterized primarily by the presence of a vascular system composed of two types of specialized tissue: xylem
and phloem.
• Seedless vascular plants - (ferns/pteridophyta, club mosses/Lycophyta and
horsetails/Sphenophyta) Reproduce by means of spores
• Gymnosperms – Vascular plants having unprotected, or naked seeds
• Angiosperms - Vascular plants with protected seeds