QUESTION 1

Alcohol is loaded into a tanker and transported to a SAB station. At the SAB station, the tanker is
unloaded and the alcohol is discharged to a reservoir which is located underground see figure 5.1 for
more details. A pipeline with a friction factor of 0.022 (Moody) is used and it is connected from the
tanker to the reservoir. At outlet from the tank a ball valve is fitted and just before the reservoir inlet a ball
valve is also fitted. To connect the pipeline two pipe couplings and three 90 flanged elbows are used. The
effective length of the total pipeline system is 1.6 km and the inside diameters of all pipes and fittings is
90 mm. The pressure inside the tank is 2.5 kPa and at the reservoir is 0.6 kPa. Both tanks are sealed
because alcohol evaporates at atmospheric conditions. If the initial velocity of flow is 0.4 m/s, find:
Level in tanker
Ball Valve
90 Elbow
Coupling
Ground level
Ignore this bend

Level in reservoir

90 Elbow

1.
2.
3.

Ball Valve

The minor losses in the pipeline.

The major losses in the pipeline.
The initial level of petrol between the two reservoirs.

1.8 10

f 0.022
789

kin 0.5

kg
3

m
v 0.4

L 1600m

P1 2500Pa
P2 600Pa

hin kin

3 kg

kc 0.08

ms

kout 1

hout kout
3

hin 4.079 10

2g

hc 2 kc

heb 3 keb

2g

hout 8.158 10
hc 1.305 10

keb 0.3

d 0.09m
m
g 9.807
2
s

2g

(5)
(2)
(4)
[11]

m
3

heb 7.342 10

2g

hminor hin hout hc heb

hminor 0.021 m
hmajor

(5)

f Lv2
2g d
(2)

hmajor 3.191 m

P2 ( hmajor hminor)

g

z 2.966 m

P1

g
(4)