ZTE IP RAN Introduction

Name:
E-mail:
UMTS Product Planning & System Dept.
ZTE Product R&D System

Requirement Analysis

ZTE IP RAN Solution

Case Study

Service and Technology Trends

ARPU trend of European operators

Non-voice service explosion

Radio technology acceleration

GSM
GSM

UMTS
UMTS
R99/R4
R99/R4

LTE
LTE
R8/R9
R8/R9

HSPA+
HSPA+
R7/R8
R7/R8

HSPA
HSPA
R5/R6
R5/R6

3.9G
3.9G
3.75G
3.75G
3.5G
3.5G
3G
3G

2G
2G
Year

2001-2

2003-5

2006-8

2009-10

64-144kbps
DL throughput

384kbps

14Mbps

40Mbps

After 2010
100Mbps & higher

Development of Bearing Network

Performance

Broader

Bandwidth
Data ability
Transmission efficiency

TCO

Stronger
Higher
More flexible

Networking
Investment
Deployment

Lower
Faster

Evolution

Easier

Expansion & relocation

Up to date technology

Smoother

Convenience
Operation and maintenance
Customized service

TDM
ATM

Simpler
Richer

IP
4

All-IP Era is coming

HSS
GGSN

MGCF

IP Core
MSCS

MGW

All IP is striding into

RAN from CN

IMS
IMS

MRF

CSCF
SGSN

IP UTRAN

IP GERAN

IP Iub interface

IP A interface

IP Iu interface

IP Gb interface

IP Iur interface

IP Abis interface

3GPP Iub Specification

Radio Network
Control Plane

User Plane

TFCI2 FP

E-DCH FP

USCH FP

TDD DSCH FP

PCH FP

HS-DSCH FP

FACH FP

DCH FP

Node B
Application Part
(NBAP)

RACH FP

Radio
Network
Layer

Transport
Network
Control Plane

ALCAP
Q.2630.2

Q.2150.2

Transport
Layer

SSCF-UNI

SSCF-UNI

SSCOP

SCTP

SSCOP

AAL5

IP

AAL 5

ATM

Data Link Layer

ATM

UDP
AAL2

IP

ATM

Data Link Layer

Physical Layer

For ATM

For IP
6

3GPP IuCS Specification

R a d io
N e tw o rk
L ayer

T ran sp o rt
N e tw o r k
L ayer

C o n tro l P la n e

U s e r P la n e

RAN AP

Iu U P P ro to c o l
Layer

T ran sp o rt
U ser

N e tw o rk
P la n e

T ra n s p o rt N e tw o rk
C o n tro l P la n e

T ra n sp o rt
U ser

N e tw o rk
P la n e

Q .2 6 3 0 .2

Q .2 1 5 0 .1

SCCP
M TP3b

M 3U A

M TP3b

SSC FNN I

SSC FNN I

SCTP

SSCO P

SSCOP

IP

A AL5

A AL5

D a ta L in k

ATM

ATM

RTP/
R TC P*)

A A L2

U D P / IP

ATM

D a ta L in k

P h y s ic a l L a y e r

* ) R T C P is o p tio n a l.

For IP
7

Transport Network Layer

C o n tr o l P l a n e
Layer

Radio Network

3GPP IuPS Specification

U s er P l an e
Iu U P P r o t o c o l L a y e r

R AN AP

T ra n s p o rt
U ser

N e tw or k
P la n e

T ra n s p o r t
N e tw o rk
C o n t ro l P la n e

T r a n s p o rt N et w o rk
U s e r P l an e

SC C P
M T P 3 -B

M3 UA

M 3 UA

SC T P

SCTP

SS C F-N N I
IP

SS C O P
AA L5

A TM

G T P-U

G T P-U

UD P

UD P

IP
IP

A A L5

IP

D a ta Li nk

A TM

D a t a L in k

P h y s ic a l L a y e r

P h y s ic a l L ay e r

For IP
8

Requirement Analysis

ZTE IP RAN Solution

Case Study

ZTE IP RAN Solution

RAN Product

Networking

Synchronization

QoS

Reliability

Security

OAM
10

ZTE Unified All-IP Hardware Platform

Since 2004
TD-SCDMA

GSM

SAE

One Switching
Platform

UMTS
CDMA

WiMAX

All-IP Platform

GSM

Since 2007

UMTS
TD-SCDMA

One Radio
Platform

CDMA
WiMAX
LTE

Switching platform: MSCS/MGW/SGSN/GGSN/HLR/BSC/RNC

Radio platform: GSM/UMTS/G+U/G+U+L

11

RNC Physical Interface for IP Support

FE/GE
STM-1/STM-4
E1/T1/CSTM-1

IP over E1/T1
IP over Fractional
E1/T1
IP over CSTM-1

High capacity

IP over STM-1/
STM-4

High throughput

IPv6 Support
10GE port

High integration

12

Node B Physical Interface for IP Support

ZTE
-IP Supported
All
ZTE SDR
SDR Series,
Series, AllAll-IP
Supported
BS8900
BS8800
BS8906
B8200

STM-1

GE

FE

E1/T1
G900/U900

UMTS2100

Native IP
IPoE1
2G/3G co-transmission

1*FE/GE

13

ZTE GSM/UMTS IP RAN Feature Development

Enhanced IP Abis
Flex A
Flex Gb
ML-PPP
MC-PPP
Diffserv
IP Abis via Satellite

GSM

IEEE1588v2
(Frequency)

VLAN
BFD
CAC based on
transmission (Abis)
IP SLA
IP Shaping
ARP checking
L2 dual homing

L3 dual homing
IEEE 802.3ad
RTP Mux on AoIP
A over IP
BSS Local Switch
DHCP
PPP
authentication
MPLS
E-LMI (BTS)
Flex Abis

09Q1

09Q4

10Q2

DHCP (Node B)
SLA Monitor
BFD

DHCP (RNC)
IEEE 802.3ah
SLA-PM based CAC
LACP (RNC)
Path Protection P1
Dual Path
ACL
Sync. Ethernet
(Node B)

UDP-MUX on Iub
RTP-MUX on IuCS
Path Protection P2
Multi Path
Sync. Ethernet
(RNC)
IEEE 1588v2 (Time)

E-LMI (BSC)

10Q4

11

UMTS
IP Header
Compression
DiffServ
VLAN
QoS based Route
IEEE 1588v2
(Frequency)

IEEE 802.1ag
CAC on IuPS
Dynamic IP Route

MPLS
IPv6 Support
E-LMI
IP Security

14

ZTE IP RAN Solution

RAN Product

Networking

Synchronization

QoS

Reliability

Security

OAM
15

General IP RAN Topology

All IP
FE/GE
FE
IP/MSTP
Transmission

Hybrid

RNC/BSC
FE/GE

FE/GE

FE/GE
IP/MSTP
Backbone

FE/GE

MSCS/MGW
FE/GE

FE
E1/T1/STM-1

E1/T1/STM-1

RNC/BSC
E1/T1/STM-1

SGSN/GGSN

PDH/SDH Backbone

All IP & hybrid available for all interfaces

2G/3G transmission sharing & differentiation
CS/PS differentiation
16

L3 Switch/Router for BSC/RNC

Broadcast separation of the BSC/RNC from the transmission network

Independent port number of the transmission network and the
BSC/RNC enabling independent capacity expansion
Reuse of existing GE link between the switch and the transmission
network in case of IP Abis after IP Iub
Easy re-parenting of the BTS/Node B from one BSC/RNC to another
Adaptable for flat architecture
L2 switch
GE
GE

IP Transmission

BSC

L3 switch

GE

RNC

L2 switch
BTS/Node B

17

Flex A/Gb/Iu with IP Transmission

TDM

More transmission required

High implementation cost
Complex networking

IP

Less transmission required

Low implementation cost
Simple networking

CN

CN

CN

CN

CN

CN

BSC/RNC

BSC/RNC

BSC/RNC

BSC/RNC

BSC/RNC

BSC/RNC

IP makes it more feasible.

18

IP over E1 Efficiency at Iub

Traffic
type

Payload

CS 12.2k

CS 64k

PS 64k

HSDPA

HSUPA

RLC/MAC/FP
overhead

32

160

160

1280

1280

14

58

74

Overall
overhead

Transport layer overhead

Overhead
ratio

Transmission
efficiency

AAL2

ATM

16

33.3%

66.7%

cUDP

MLPPP

20

38.5%

61.5%

UDP/IP

28

MLPPP

43

57.3%

42.7%

UDP/IP

28

Ethernet

38

73

69.5%

30.5%

AAL2

16

ATM

20

41

20.4%

79.6%

cUDP

MLPPP

18

10.1%

89.9%

UDP/IP

28

MLPPP

41

20.4%

79.6%

UDP/IP

28

Ethernet

38

71

30.7%

69.3%

AAL2

16

ATM

20

50

23.8%

76.2%

cUDP

MLPPP

27

14.4%

85.6%

UDP/IP

28

MLPPP

50

23.8%

76.2%

UDP/IP

28

Ethernet

38

80

33.3%

66.7%

AAL2

120

ATM

155

333

20.6%

79.4%

cUDP

MLPPP

71

5.3%

94.7%

UDP/IP

28

MLPPP

94

6.8%

93.2%

UDP/IP

28

Ethernet

38

124

8.8%

91.2%

AAL2

124

ATM

155

353

21.6%

78.4%

cUDP

MLPPP

87

6.4%

93.6%

UDP/IP

28

MLPPP

110

7.9%

92.1%

UDP/IP

28

Ethernet

38

140

9.9%

90.1%

19

IP over E1 vs. ATM over E1

IP over E1

ATM over E1

QoS guarantee

MC-PPP

ATM QoS mechanism

Reliability

ML-PPP

IMA

Simple PPP configuration

Complex ATM configuration

O&M
Clock

Link clock available

Investment
protection

Yes

20

10

ZTE IP RAN Solution

RAN Product

Networking

Synchronization

QoS

Reliability

Security

OAM
21

Clock Accuracy

Accuracy requirement
Mode

Frequency Accuracy

Time Synchronization

Requirement

Requirement

GSM

+/-0.05ppm

N/A

WCDMA

+/-0.05ppm

N/A

Source: 3GPP TS 25.104, 25.402, GSM 05.02

Self-oscillation accuracy of ZTE RAN equipment

Period

Frequency Accuracy

First 24 hours

+/-0.01ppm

First 7 days

+/-0.015ppm

First 1 month

+/-0.02ppm

22

11

ZTE Synchronization Implementation

Aggregation

Access

BITS

External Clock:
2M bits & 2M Hz
Receiver

GPS Receiver
Deliver frequency and time

PSN

PSN

RNC

Time tree

NodeB

Not always viable and not

secure
Expensive oscillator
required

PSN

IEEE 1588V2
Sync Ethernet

Clock is transmitted via dedicated timing packets

Can deliver frequency and phase (FDD/TDD)
Works over any transport technology
Expensive oscillator required

Excellent SDH/PDH replacement solution

Independent from network load
Only deliver frequency but not phase
Use PHY clock from bit stream (similar to SDH/PDH)

2323

Master Clock Selection

OMC configurable

Manual switch of master clock

Automatic switch of master clock

Manual reset of master clock

Automatic reset of master clock

24

12

ZTE IP RAN Solution

RAN Product

Networking

Synchronization

QoS

Reliability

Security

OAM
25

QoS Management in IP RAN

QoS parameters
from CN

RNL

Traffic data
from/to CN

QoS configuration
at OMC

QoS Differentiation

DiffServ
IP
802.1Q/P

MLPPP/MCPPP

FE/GE

E1

TNL
BSS/RNS

Traffic data
from/to MS
26

13

Flow Classification & Mapping to TNL

Traffic
class

User
Plane

Traffic
priority
(THP)

From CN

User
priority
(ARP)

Configurable
at OMC

Control
Plane

Management
Plane

Bearer Type
(R99/HSPA/MBMS)

Basic priority
(1~15)

DSCP
(COS)

Configurable mapping according to respective parameters for 2G and 3G

27

DSCP & COS Application

Traffic Type

DSCP

COS

PHB

Iub NBAP Signaling

101110

EF (Expedited Forwarding)

Iub Common Transport Channel

101110

EF (Expedited Forwarding)

RRC Connection

100100

AF42(Class4, Med Drop)

R99 Conversational

100100

AF42(Class4, Med Drop)

R99 Streaming

100100

AF42(Class4, Med Drop)

R99 Interactive

010100

AF22(Class2, Med Drop)

R99 Background

000000

Best effort

HSPA Conversational

100110

AF43(Class4, High Drop)

HSPA Streaming

100110

AF43(Class4, High Drop)

HSPA Interactive

010110

AF23(Class2, High Drop)

HSPA Background

000000

Best effort

2G Signaling

101110

EF (Expedited Forwarding)

2G CS

100100

AF42(Class4, Med Drop)

2G PS

010100

AF22(Class2, Med Drop)

O&M

000000

Best effort

Clock over IP (PTP)

101110

EF (Expedited Forwarding)

Configurable mapping between DSCP and COS

28

14

QoS Requirement to IP Bearer Network (SLA)

Interface

Packet Delay
(One-way)

Packet Delay Jitter

Packet Loss Rate

IP Abis

<20 ms

<10ms

<1%

IP A

<10 ms

<6 ms

<0.05 %

IP Gb

<10 ms

<6 ms

<0.05 %

IP Iub/Iur

<20 ms

<7 ms

<0.05 %

IP Iu-CS

<10 ms

<6 ms

<0.05 %

IP Iu-PS

<10 ms

<6 ms

<0.05 %

29

CAC Rule
Traffic

Reserved Bandwidth

Fixed/
Adjustable

Common channel
Signaling radio bearer
Conversational

Streaming

Calculated bandwidth according to number of

PCH and FACH
Bit rate of SRB + transport layer overhead
[Maximum bit rate] of RAB + transport layer
overhead

Fixed
Fixed
Adjustable
(activity factor )

[Guaranteed bit rate] of RAB + transport layer

overhead

Interactive/

Pseudo-GBR (configurable) + transport layer

background

overhead

Fixed
Adjustable
(priority based)

30

15

QoS Based Routing

Mixed IPoE1 & Ethernet

Without VPN
All Ethernet
With VPN

Real time service over E1 (IPoE1)

Non real time service over Ethernet

Routing based on DSCP

Call balancing between routes

IP RAN

E1
Ethernet

RNC/BSC

Node B/BTS

31

Overbooking

PS
PS

Overbooking

PS
PS

Total
bandwidth

Allowable
allocation

CS
CS

Higher traffic capacity, higher bandwidth efficiency

32

16

Dynamic Bandwidth Adjustment

Dynamic
adjustment

Link broken
PS

PS

PS

PS

Poor
performance

CS

CS

CS

CS

Real time monitoring, real time adaptation

33

ZTE IP RAN Solution

RAN Product

Networking

Synchronization

QoS

Reliability

Security

OAM
34

17

Reliability of IP RAN

Networking redundancy

Board redundancy

2G/3G backup
Iu/A/Gb flex

Processing board redundancy

Interface board redundancy

Path protection

L2 dual homing
L3 dual homing
Link aggregation (IEEE 802.3ad)

35

L2 Dual Homing

IP: 10.1.1.254/24
MAC: 00:15:EB:00:95:DD

IP: 10.1.1.1/24
MAC: 00:15:EB:A1:66:0A

GIPI(M)
L2 switch
GIPI(S)

BTS/Node B

L2 switch
BSC/RNC

Master-standby: Two FE/GE ports, one IP/MAC address

36

18

L3 Dual Homing
IP: 10.1.2.1/30
MAC: 00:15:EB:00:95:DD

IP: 10.1.1.1/24
MAC: 00:15:EB:A1:66:0A

GIPI
BSC/RNC

L3 switch
BTS/Node B

GIPI

L3 switch

IP: 10.1.1.2/24
MAC: 00:15:EB:A1:66:1A

IP: 10.1.2.5/30
MAC: 00:15:EB:00:95:D0

Load sharing: Two FE/GE ports, two IP addresses

37

ZTE IP RAN Solution

RAN Product

Networking

Synchronization

QoS

Reliability

Security

OAM
38

19

Security for IP RAN

Security threat

Unauthorized access
Loss or corruption of information
Broadcast storm

Security operation

Access control list (ACL) for protection of network elements

IPSec in case public transmission network is used for Iub/Abis
VLAN tagging for network separation and broadcast suppression

39

VLAN Configuration Recommendation

BTS/Node B side: Lower number of BS sites in one VLAN means

higher security.

BSC/RNC side: L3 switch, instead of BSC/RNC, used for VLAN tagging

Redundancy: Multiple VLAN with different routes

RNC

VLAN

RNC

VLAN1

Node B

VLANn

Node B

40

20

ZTE IP RAN Solution

RAN Product

Networking

Synchronization

QoS

Reliability

Security

OAM
41

OAM for IP RAN

Link monitoring

IEEE 802.3ah: Ethernet link check (P2P)

IEEE 802.1ag: Ethernet link check (E2E)
BFD: IP connectivity check

SLA monitoring
Performance management

Ethernet performance management

IP performance management

BSC

IP Transmission
CN

BTS/Node B

RNC

42

21

Bidirectional Forwarding Detection

Explicit BFD

BSC/RNC

BTS/Node B
Static route based BFD

43

SLA Monitoring

IP SLA monitoring functionality

IP SLA monitoring method

CN

Network availability monitoring

IP SLA based CAC
Troubleshooting
Continuous UDP echo
Continuous ICMP echo

RNC

BTS/Node B

IP SLA monitoring initiation

BSC

Instant test
Performance test

UDP echo
ICMP echo

Test Item

Test Procedure

Expected result

Delay

1.RNC sends UDP packets with sequence number and timestamp to Node B.
2.Node B loops back the UDP packets.
3.RNC receives the looped UDP packets and calculates the round trip delay.

Less than 20ms

Delay jitter

Repeat the above procedure periodically, and then get the delay jitter.

Less than 7ms

Packet loss ratio

Repeat the above procedure periodically, count the number of sent packets
and received packets, then get the packet loss ratio.

Less than 0.05%

Available bandwidth

Execute the above procedure with configured frequency and packet size,
calculate the data rate of received packets. Then change the frequency and
packet size to get the maximum bandwidth.

Depends on the
subscribed bandwidth
e.g. 100Mbps

44

22

Requirement Analysis

ZTE IP RAN Solution

Case Study

Revolution of CSL Mobile Network

2G OSS
Existing VAS Platform

CN
MSCS
HLR

CoreVAS
Network

ZTE

2G/3G OSS

NWM
Network

UMTS
UMTS
2.1G
2.1G/900M

TDM Network
SGSN

HLR

CSL
Network
CSL New
Network

3G OSS

Iub

BSC/
RNC

2G OSS
MSCS/
MGW

Abis

ZTE VASHLR
PlatformSGSN

CN

GSM 900/1800M

IP
Network

GSM
GSM
1800M
900/1800M

TDM Network
MSCS

Difficult
Evolution

46

Expensive
Transmission

High Power
Consumption

46

23

RAN Synchronization Solution

Primary clock reference: GPS
Secondary clock reference for RNC: via fiber from MGW
Secondary clock reference for iBSC: via E1 from MSCs
iBSC/RNC

FE

Primary clock reference: IP Clock

E1/T1

Primary clock reference: E1 / T1

Indoor

Primary clock reference: GPS

Outdoor
BTS/Node B

Secondary clock reference: IP Clock

47

Primary Clock Reference for RNC/iBSC

GPS
Antenna
On rooftop
GPS
GPSController
Controller

Power Input

RNC
#1

GPS transmit
Antenna

RNC
#2

BSC
#1

BSC
#2

GPS is set as the primary

clock resource for
RNC/iBSC in CSL Network.

GPS receiver sub card is

integrated into clock sync
board: ICM.

48

24

Network Architecture

IP network architecture with L2 service providers of CSL

L3 switch (CISCO 6513) is provided to aggregation and route.
Every road leads to Rome: reliable transmission mechanism
49

Iub/Abis Link Redundancy

iBSC/RNC
Redundancy
Scheme

L3 Dual-homing
6513

6513

Hot Standby Router

Protocol (HSRP)

Downlink
BTS/Node B

Automatic
Automatic
re-routing
re-routing

uplink

50

25

Iub/Abis L2 Network Security

Node B/BTS
site
40~60
sites
Node B/BTS
site

FE

FE

RAN 6513

GE

L2 Domain

Core room BMI

GE

RAN 6513

GE
Node B/BTS
site
40~60
sites
Node B/BTS
site

FE

GE

GE

RAN 6513
GE

L2 Domain

Core room BPO

FE
GE

RAN 6513

L2 Domain completely isolated from each other

Each site connects one L2 Domain

Each L2 domain connects all 4 aggregation switches

51

VLAN Tagging Ensuring Network Security

VLAN ID: 11 + 111

RAN 6513

VLAN ID: 12 + 112

Node B/BTS
site

VLAN ID: 11 + 111

VLAN ID: 11 + 111

L2 Domain
Node B/BTS
site

VLAN ID: 12 + 112

Core room BMI

RAN 6513

VLAN ID: 12 + 112

VLAN ID: 11 + 111

+12+112

RAN 6513

Core room BPO

VLAN ID: 11 + 111

+12+112

RAN 6513

VLAN

tagging is applied in Iub Ethernet transport; all Iub packets contain

VLAN tagging.

Due

to VLAN applied, not only L2 loop is avoided, but also traffic can be
distributed to multiple GE links to achieve load balancing.
52

26

IP QoS Implementation
DSCP

RNC

BSC
GE

GE

DSCP -> COS

COS

RAN 6513
GE
Ethernet SP

FE

COS

COS

ZTE 2818S
FE

FE

SDR 1

SDR 2

DSCP & COS

53

Site Networking
Site B

Site A

Traffic: 10.9.11.1/24
O&M: 10.9.111.41/24

Traffic: 10.9.11.2/24
SDR
O&M: 10.9.111.42/24
(3G 2100M)

O&M 1: 10.9.11.201/24
O&M 2: 10.9.11.202/24
ZXMW IDU

SDR
(3G 2100M)

ZXMW IDU

Service
Provider
Network

ZXR10 2818S
O&M: 10.9.111.82/24

O&M 1: 10.9.210.1/29
O&M 2: 10.9.210.2/29

ZXR10 2818S

SDR (2G
900M/1800M,
3G 900M)
3G Traffic: 10.9.11.102/24
2G Traffic: 10.10.111.22/24
O&M: 10.9.111.142/24

O&M: 10.9.111.81/24
SDR (2G
900M/1800M,
3G 900M)
3G Traffic: 10.9.11.101/24
2G Traffic: 10.10.111.21/24
O&M: 10.9.111.141/24

Site C

O&M 1: 10.9.11.203/24
O&M 2: 10.9.11.204/24
ZXMW IDU

Traffic: 10.9.11.3/24
SDR
O&M: 10.9.111.43/24
(3G 2100M)
ZXMW IDU
O&M 1: 10.9.210.9/29
O&M 2: 10.9.210.10/29

Site D

SDR
(3G 2100M/900M)
Traffic: 10.9.11.4/24
O&M: 10.9.111.44/24

ZXMW IDU
ZXMW IDU
O&M 1: 10.9.210.17/29
O&M 2: 10.9.210.18/29

O&M 1: 10.9.210.11/29
O&M 2: 10.9.210.12/29

ZXR10 2818SO&M: 10.9.111.83/24

SDR (2G
900M/1800M,
3G 900M)
3G Traffic: 10.9.11.103/24
2G Traffic: 10.10.111.23/24
O&M: 10.9.111.143/24

54

27

Summary
Universal platform
Rich interface
Flexible networking
High performance

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