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Acute Tonsillopharyn Gitis: Case By: Leslie Joe Sañol BSN-3C Group-4
Acute Tonsillopharyn Gitis: Case By: Leslie Joe Sañol BSN-3C Group-4
Tonsillopharyn
gitis
INTRODUCTION- I
Acute tonsillopharyngitis is an inflammatory process of the
oropharynx. It can become a particularly horrible throat infection
involving Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae
organisms that often occur in children. It can also come to pass in
patients who are given antibiotics for simpler infectins and founder
to take the prescribed regimen (dose and time).
Viruses
The adenoviruses are the most common cause of tonsillopharyngitis,
especially types 1, 2, 3, and 5, which are the types that infect small children
most frequently. Other respiratory viruses are less common causes of
tonsillitis; the parainfluenza viruses probably are the most frequently
isolated in this group. Herpes simplex virus also is recognized as an
occasional cause of tonsillopharyngitis, as is Epstein-Barr virus. The most
frequent causes of the common cold, the rhinoviruses and coronaviruses,
involve the tonsils.
Bacteria. Group A Streptococcus is the most important and frequent cause
of tonsillopharyngitis. It is frequently associated with acute rheumatic fever
and acute glomerulonephritis. Appropriate treatment of streptococcal
pharyngotonsillitis prevents the occurrence of rheumatic fever.
Epidemiology
Prevalence. The average incidence of all acute URIs is five to seven per
child per year. It is estimated that children have one streptococcal infection
every 4 to 5 years. Group A streptococci is isolated in 30-36.8% of children
with pharyngitis.
Age Occurrence. Pharyngitis is infrequent in the first 2 years of life, when
all URIs are most frequent. Most cases of pharyngitis occur in school-age
children, when the incidence of all infections is still high but less than in the
first 2 years.
Etiology
Viruses are isolated in about 50% of children less than 2 years old but
infrequently after that.
Group A streptococcus is isolated most frequently in school-age children,
while M pneumoniae is most often in teenagers.
Contact
All respiratory agents are spread by close contact or large droplets, with the
exception of influenza, which also is spread by small droplets and the
airborne route.
OBJECTIVES- II
General Objectives:
My General objective is to understand what Acute Tonsilopharyngitis
is.
Specific Objectives:
Specifically
1. To know what causes to have Acute Tonsilopharyngitis.
NASAL CAVITY: A large fluid filled space above and behind the nose in the
middle of the face.
PHARYNX: The part of the neck and throat situated immediately posterior
to (behind) the mouth and nasal cavity, and cranial, or superior, to the
esophagus, larynx, and trachea.
NASOPHARYNX: The uppermost part of the pharynx. It extends from the
base of the skull to the upper surface of the soft palate; it differs from the
oral and laryngeal parts of the pharynx in that its cavity always remains
patent (open).
OROPHARYNX: Reaches from the Uvula to the level of the hyoid bone. It
opens anteriorly, through the isthmus faucium, into the mouth, while in its
lateral wall, between the two palatine arches, is the palatine tonsil.
LARYNX: Commonly called the voice box, is an organ in the neck of
mammals involved in protecting the trachea and sound production. It
manipulates pitch and volume. The larynx houses the vocal folds, which are
an essential component of phonation. The vocal folds are situated just below
where the tract of the pharynx splits into the trachea and the esophagus
VITAL INFORMATION- IV
CLINICAL ASSESSMENT- VI
A) NURSING HISTORY
2 days prior to admission, the patient experienced fever accompanied
with pain in the throat, fatigue, and signs of weakness pt. Family thought
it was dengue and consulted the attending physician and was advised to
be admitted.
B) PAST HEALTH PROBLEM/STATUS
a) Flu
b) Fever
c) Sore throat
d) Cough
e) No allergies noted
f) No records of past hospitalization
C) FAMILY HISTORY OF ILLNESS
Family has history of
a) Heart disease,
b) Diabetes,
c) HTN,
Genogram
J.A.
A.C.A.
J.D.A.
Neck
Heart
Abdomen
It is symmetrical and the umbilicus is at the center. No lesions
noted upon inspection.
Back
General Appraisal:
X-RAY
HEMATOLOGY 08/05/10
HEMATOCRIT
0.37
HEMOGLOBIN
123 gm/L
RED CELL
COUNT
4.31x10^12/L
WHITE CELL
COUNT
4.9x10^9/L
PLATELET
312X10^9/L
HEMATOLOGY 08/04/10
HEMATOCRIT
0.35
HEMOGLOBIN
116 gm/L
RED CELL
COUNT
4.08x10^12/L
WHITE CELL
COUNT
7.6x10^9/L
PLATELET
278X10^9/L
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY- IX
Viral
Bacterial
Influenza
Streptoccus
Toxoplasma (parasite)
Fungal
Candida
Miscellaneous
Para-influenza
Chlamydia
(Group A beta
Herpes simplex
hemolytic)
Measles
Diphtheria
Chickenpox
Gonococcus
Cytomegalo-virus
Rhinovirus
MILD INFECTIONS:
Discomfort in throat
Malaise
Low grade fever
Congested pharynx but no lymphadenopathy
MODERATE TO SEVERE INFECTIONS
Pain in throat
Dysphagia
Headache
A. Medication
Difflam gargle TID until total relief.
B. Exercise
Be sure to get enough rest and sleep on a daily basis.
C. Treatment
Dont start smoking even if at the legal age already
Avoid stress, fatigue, sudden change in temperature and excessive
alcohol intake when already in legal age, all of them lowers resistance
to pneumonia.
D. Hygiene
Take a bath daily
Promote frequent oral hygiene
E. Diet
Drink plenty of water (at least 8 glasses everyday), especially during
warm weather.
Eat a healthy, balanced diet and take in a sufficient amount of nonalcoholic fluids each day.