Alternating Currents: T Amperes (Where F) - The

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Alternating Currents
1.
The power is transmitted from a power house on high voltage ac because

(a) Electric current travels faster at higher volts
(b) It is more economical due to less power wastage
co
m
(c) It is difficult to generate power at low voltage

(d) Chances of stealing transmission lines are minimized
The potential difference V and the current i flowing through an instrument in an ac circuit
V = 5 cos t
volts and I = 2 sin t amperes (where = 2f). The
power dissipated in the instrument is

(b) 10 W
(c) 5 W
(d) 2.5 W
ed
uc
3.
(a) Zero
n.
of frequency f are given by
at
io
2.
Alternating current(A.C.) can not be measured by D.C. ammeter because

(a) A.C. cannot pass through D.C. ammeter
sh
i
(b) Average value of complete cycle is zero

(c) A.C. is virtual
4.
In an ac circuit, peak value of voltage is 423 volts. Its effective voltage is

(b) 323 volts
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.s
(a) 400 volts

(c) 300 volts
(d) 340 volts
In an ac circuit I = 100 sin 200 t. The time required for the current to achieve its peak
value will be
5.
ak
(d)A.C. changes its direction
(a)
1
sec
100
(b)
1
sec
200
(c)
1
sec
300
(d)
1
sec
400
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6.
An alternating current is given by the equation i = i1 cos t + i2 sin t . The r.m.s. current is given
by
1
(c)
(i1 + i2 )
(b)
(i12 + i22 )1 / 2
(d)
1
2
(ii + i2 )2
1 2 2 1/ 2
(i1 + i2 )
2
The phase angle between e.m.f. and current in LCR series ac circuit is
(a) 0 to / 2
(b) / 4
(c) / 2
(d)
co
m
7.
(a)
n.
8. Current in the circuit is wattless, if
(b) Resistance in the circuit is zero

(c) Current is alternating
ed
uc
(d) Resistance and inductance both are zero
at
io
(a) Inductance in the circuit is zero
9. An alternating current of frequency
'f'
is flowing in a circuit containing a resistance R and
a choke L in series. The impedance of this circuit is
R 2 + L2
(d)
R 2 + 4 2 f 2 L2
R 2 + 2fL
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(c)
(b)
sh
i
(a)R + 2fL
10. A resonant ac circuit contains a capacitor of capacitance
10 6 F
and an inductor of
w
.s
frequency of electrical oscillations will be

10 5 Hz
(b) 10 Hz
(c)
10 5
Hz
2
(d)
(a)
10
Hz
2
11. Power delivered by the source of the circuit becomes maximum when
(a)
L = C
(c)
L =
(b) L =
(d) L =
10 4 H .
the
12. In a LCR circuit having L = 8.0 henry, C = 0.5 F and R = 100 ohm in series. The
resonance frequency in per second is
(a) 600 radian
(b) 600 Hz
(c) 500 radian
(d) 500 Hz
13. In LCR circuit, the capacitance is changed from C to 4C. For the same resonant frequency,
(a) 2L
(b) L / 2
(c) L / 4
(d) 4 L
co
m
the inductance should be changed from L to
[R 2 + (L C )2 ]1 / 2
(b)
2
2
1
R + L

C
(c)
2
2
1
R + L

C
(d)
(R )2 + L

C
at
io
(a)
n.
14. 4.In a series LCR circuit, operated with an ac of angular frequency , the total impedance is
1/ 2
ed
uc
1 / 2
sh
i
1/2
15. For series LCR circuit, wrong statement is
ak
(a) Applied e.m.f. and potential difference across resistance are in same phase.
(b) Applied e.m.f. and potential difference at inductor coil have phase difference of / 2 .
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.s
(c) Potential difference at capacitor and inductor has phase difference of / 2 .

(d) Potential difference across resistance and capacitor has phase difference of / 2 .
16. In a purely resistive ac circuit, the current
(a) Lags behind the e.m.f. in phase

(b) Is in phase with the e.m.f.
(c) Leads the e.m.f. in phase
(d) Leads the e.m.f. in half the cycle and lags behind it in the other half
17. The current in series LCR circuit will be maximum when is
(a) As large as possible
(b) Equal o natural frequency of LCR system
(c)
LC
(d)
1 / LC
co
m
18. An inductor L and a capacitor C are connected in the circuit as shown in the figure. The
frequency of the power supply is equal to the resonant frequency of the circuit. Which
A1
at
io
A2
A3
E = E0 sint
(a)
A1
(b)
(c)
A3
(d) None of these
sh
i
A2
[A]: In LCR series circuit, current is maximum at resonance.
ak
19.
ed
uc
n.
ammeter will read zero ampere
[R]: In LCR series circuit, impedance is minimum at resonance.
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.s
a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and reason is correct explanation of Assertion.
b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
d) Both assertion and reason are false.

20.
[A]: If Xc < XL, the phase factor is negative.

[R]: If Xc < XL; current lags behind emf.
21.
[A]: Electric power is transmitted over long distances through conducting wires at high
voltage.
[R]: A Power loss is less when power is transmitted at high voltage.
22.
co
m
The voltage of an a.c source varies with time according to the relation E = 120 sin 100 t
n.
cos 100 t. Then
ii) The peak voltage = 60 V

iii) The peak voltage = 120/
2V
at
io
i) The peak voltage of the source is 120 V
ed
uc
iv) The frequency of source voltage is 100 Hz

a) i) and ii) are correct
b) ii) and iii) are correct
d) ii) and IV) are correct
c) i) and iii) are correct
b) 1.2 A
c) 4.2 A
a) 2.2 A
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.s
ak
sh
i
23. In the circuit shown below what will be the reading of the voltmeter and ammeter?
d) 0.5 A
Key
b
2)
3)
4) c
5)
6) c
7)
8) b
9) b
10) c
14) b
15) c
16) b
17) d
18) c
19) a
20) a
11) b
12) c
13) c
21) a
22) c
23) a
co
m
1)
2.
V = 5 cos t = 5 sin t +
2
Power
and
= Vr.m . s. ir.m . s. cos
i = 2 sin t
ed
uc
Power loss
at
io
1
(Voltage) 2
1.
n.
Hints
=0
(Since = , therefore cos = cos
=0)
sh
i
3.
In dc ammeter, a coil is free to rotate in the magnetic field of a fixed magnet.
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If an alternating current is passed through such a coil, the torque will reverse its direction
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.s
each time the current changes direction and the average value of the torque will be zero.
Effective voltage
Vr.m . s. =
5.
The current takes
T
4
4.
6.
7.
irms =
423
2
= 300 V
sec to reach the peak value.
In the given question

Time
Vo
2
1
= 200 T =
sec
T
100
to reach the peak value
1
sec
400
i12 + i22
1 2 2 1/2
=
(i1 + i2 )
2
2
(a)
8.
Because power
9.
Z=
10.
R 2 + X L2 , X L = L and = 2f
Z =
R 2 + 4 2 f 2 L2
1
2 LC
1
2 10
10
10 5
Hz
2
co
m
(b)
12.
Resonance frequency in radian/second is
(b)
15.
(c)
16.
(b)
1
L1 C 1
8 0 .5 10 6
=
1
L2 C 2
= 500 rad / sec
L2 =
L1
4
ed
uc
14.
LC
at
io
13.
n.
17.
if R = 0, then P = 0.
At resonant frequency current in series LCR circuit is maximum.

(c)
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
V = VR2 + (VL VC )
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i
18.
w
.s
ak
11.
= i 2 R,
220 = VR2 + ( 300 300 ) VR = 220V
So reading in voltmeter = 220V
V = i R 220 = i 100 i = 2.2 A.
D.C Circuits
1.
Why the current does not rise immediately in a circuit containing inductance
(a) Because of induced emf
(b) Because of high voltage drop
co
m
(c) Because of low power consumption

(d) Because of Joule heating
2.
The adjoining figure shows two bulbs B1 and B2 resistor R and an inductor L. When the
B2
ed
uc
B1
at
io
n.
switch S is turned off
(a) Both B1 and B2 die out promptly.
(b) Both B1 and B2 die out with some delay.
sh
i
(c) B1 dies out promptly but B2 with some delay.

(d) B2 dies out promptly but B1 with some delay.
In L-R circuit, for the case of increasing current, the magnitude of current can be
ak
3.
calculated by using the formula
4.
I = I0 e Rt / L
(b)
I = I0 (1 e Rt / L )
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.s
(a)
(c) I = I0 (1 e Rt / L )
(d)
I = I0 e Rt / L
A capacitor is fully charged with a battery. Then the battery is removed and coil is
connected with the capacitor in parallel, current varies as

(b) Decreases monotonically
(a)Increases monotonically
(c)Zero
5.
(d) Oscillates indefinite
The time constant of an LR circuit represents the time in which the current in the circuits
(a) Reaches a value equal to about 37% of its final value
(b) Reaches a value equal to about 63% of its final value
(c) Attains a constant value
(d) Attains 50% of the constant value
6.
The resistance and inductance of series circuit are
and 20H respectively. At the instant
of closing the switch, the current is increasing at the rate 4A-s. The supply voltage is
(a) 20 V
7.
(b) 80 V
(c) 120 V
(d) 100 V
In inductance L and a resistance R are first connected to a battery. After some time the
battery is disconnected but L and R remain connected in a closed circuit. Then the current
(a) RL sec
R
sec
L
(c)
L
sec
R
(d)
1
sec
LR
In an LR-circuit, time constant is that time in which current grows from zero to the
value (where
0 . 63 I0
is the steady state current)

(b) 0 .50 I0
(c)
0 . 37 I0
(d)
at
io
(a)
I0
n.
8.
(b)
co
m
reduces to 37% of its initial value in
9.
I0
A solenoid has an inductance of 60 henrys and a resistance of 30 ohms. If it is connected
ed
uc
to a 100 volt battery, how long will it take for the current to reach
value?
(a)1 second
(c) e seconds
A coil of inductance 300 mH and resistance
sh
i
10.
(b) 2 seconds
e 1
63 . 2 %
e
of its final
(d) 2e seconds
is connected to a source of voltage 2 V . The
current reaches half of its steady state value in

(b) 0.3 s
(c)
0.05 s
(d)
0.1 s
ak
(a) 0.15 s
11. Find the time constant (in s ) for the given RC circuits in the given order respectively.
w
.s
R1 = 1 , R2 = 2 , C1 = 4 F , C2 = 2 F
V
C1
C1
R1
C2
R2
I)
C2
II)
a) 18, 4,
8
9
b) 18,
V
R1
R1
R2
R2
8
,4
9
C1
C2
III)
c) 4, 18,
8
9
d) 4,
8
, 18
9
12. An ideal coil of 10 Henry is joined in series with a resistance of 5 ohm and a battery of 5
volt. 2 second after joining, the current flowing in ampere in the circuit will be
1) e-1
2) (1-e1)
3) (1-e)
4) e
13. An inductor of L = 400 mH and two resistors of R1 = 2 and R2 = 2 are connected to a
co
m
12V battery as shown in the figure. The internal resistance of the battery is negligible. The
12 3t
e V
t
2) 6 (1 et /0.2 )V
3) 12e 5tV
4) 6e5tV
ed
uc
1)
at
io
n.
switch is closed at time t = 0. The potential drop across L as a function of time is
14. The current in the given circuit is increasing with a rate 4 amp/ s. The charge on the
ak
sh
i
capacitor at an instant when the current in the circuit is 2 amp will be
2) 5 C
3) 6 C
4) 3C
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.s
1) 4 C
15. The ratio of time constants in charging and discharging in the circuit shown in figure is
1) 1:1
2)1:2
3) 3:2
4) 2:3
Key
2) c
3) b
4) d
5) b
6) b
7) c
8) a
9) b
10) d
11) b
12) b
13) c
14) c
15) c
Rt
L
Rt
Rt
di = i R e L = i0 R .e L
0
dt
L
L
At t = 0;
(c) When battery disconnected current through the circuit start decreasing exponentially
according to
8.
i = i0 e Rt / L
0 .37 i0 = i0 e Rt / L
1
= e Rt / L
e
0 . 37 =
t =
sh
i
7.
di i0 R E
E
=
=
4 =
E = 80 V
dt
L
L
20
at
io
ed
uc
(b) i = i0 1 e
(a) Current at any instant of time t after closing an L-R circuit is given by
t=
L
R
w
.s
Time constant
ak
6.
n.
Hints
R L
I = I 0 1 e L R = I 0 (1 e 1 ) = I 0 1
e
= I0 1
= 0 .63 I 0 = 63 %
2
.
718
9.
co
m
1) a
t = =
(b)
10. (d) i = i0 1 e
Rt
L
t = 0 . 693
Of I0
L 60
=
= 2 sec .
R 30
For
i=
i0
2
t = 0 . 693
L
R
300 10 3
= 0 . 1 sec
2
t
I = I 0 1 e L
11. t = CR
t1 = ( C1 + C2 )( R1 + R2 ) = 18 s
C1C2
RR
8
1 2 =
C1 + C2 R1 + R2 9
t3 = ( C1 + C2 )
12. i = i0 1 e
R1 R2
=4
R1 + R2
R
t
L
co
m
t2 =
n.
52
5
i = 1 e 10
5
R
t
12
= 6 , p.d = v i0 1 e L R
2
ed
uc
13. i0 =
t
12
3
p.d = 12 1 e 40010 2
2
p.d = 12 e 5t volt.
q = 6 c
q
3
w
.s
4=2+4
sh
i
di q
dt c
ak
14. E = iR + L
1 R2 2 R + R
=
=
2 R1
2R
Or
1 3
=
2 2
15.
at
io
. i = (1 e 1 ) A

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www.sakshieducation.

The power is transmitted from a power house on high voltage ac because

(c) It is difficult to generate power at low voltage

volts and I = 2 sin t amperes (where = 2f). The

power dissipated in the instrument is

of frequency f are given by

Alternating current(A.C.) can not be measured by D.C. ammeter because

(b) Average value of complete cycle is zero

In an ac circuit, peak value of voltage is 423 volts. Its effective voltage is

(a) 400 volts

(d) 340 volts

(d)A.C. changes its direction

8. Current in the circuit is wattless, if

(b) Resistance in the circuit is zero

(d) Resistance and inductance both are zero

(a) Inductance in the circuit is zero

9. An alternating current of frequency

is flowing in a circuit containing a resistance R and

a choke L in series. The impedance of this circuit is

10. A resonant ac circuit contains a capacitor of capacitance

frequency of electrical oscillations will be

(c) 500 radian

the inductance should be changed from L to

15. For series LCR circuit, wrong statement is

(c) Potential difference at capacitor and inductor has phase difference of / 2 .

16. In a purely resistive ac circuit, the current

(a) Lags behind the e.m.f. in phase

(d) None of these

[A]: In LCR series circuit, current is maximum at resonance.

ammeter will read zero ampere

[R]: In LCR series circuit, impedance is minimum at resonance.

c) Assertion is true but reason is false.

d) Both assertion and reason are false.

[A]: If Xc < XL, the phase factor is negative.

d) Both assertion and reason are false.

cos 100 t. Then

ii) The peak voltage = 60 V

i) The peak voltage of the source is 120 V

iv) The frequency of source voltage is 100 Hz

b) ii) and iii) are correct

d) ii) and IV) are correct

c) i) and iii) are correct

= Vr.m . s. ir.m . s. cos

(Since = , therefore cos = cos

In dc ammeter, a coil is free to rotate in the magnetic field of a fixed magnet.

The current takes

sec to reach the peak value.

In the given question

to reach the peak value

Resonance frequency in radian/second is

= 500 rad / sec

At resonant frequency current in series LCR circuit is maximum.

220 = VR2 + ( 300 300 ) VR = 220V

So reading in voltmeter = 220V

V = i R 220 = i 100 i = 2.2 A.

(c) Because of low power consumption

switch S is turned off

(a) Both B1 and B2 die out promptly.

(b) Both B1 and B2 die out with some delay.

(c) B1 dies out promptly but B2 with some delay.

calculated by using the formula

connected with the capacitor in parallel, current varies as