Experiment No: 2

STUDY OF CHARACTERISTICS OF FRANCIS TURBINE

Date: 12th January, 2014

AIM
To study performance characteristics (output and efficiency variation with speed) for different openings
of the guide blades of Francis turbine.

APPARATUS REQUIRED
Experimental set-up consists:Francis turbine
feeding tank
inlet pressure gauge
centrifugal pump
flow rate meter
hand wheel for distributor blade control
coupling joint
generator
Ammeters
Voltmeter

FORMULAE USED
1. Input Power:
Input Power (watts) = gHQ
Where
=Density of fluid (water) in(kg/m3) = 1000 kg/m3
g = Acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s2
H = Pressure Head in (m)
Q = Flow rate in (m3/s)

2. Output Power:
Output Power(watts)= (A1+A2+A3) V
Where
A1, A2, A3 = Ammeter readings for three phases in (A)
V = Voltmeter Reading in (V)

2. EFFICIENCY:

( %)= (O.P. x 100) / I.P.

EXPERIMENT PROCEDURE:
1. The Francis turbine is started.
2. Set the guide vanes position to half open state.
3. Set the brake load at some level.
4. The pressure head reading is noted down from pressure gauge.
5. Flow rate reading is noted down from the flow meter.
6. Rotor speed reading is noted down from the tachometer.
7. The voltmeter and three ammeters readings are noted down.
8. The experiment is repeated for different loads and the readings are tabulated.
9. Set the guide vanes position to fully open state and repeat the experiment.

GRAPHS :
The following graphs are plotted:
1.

OP (vs.) % efficiency

2.

OP (vs.) speed

RESULT & CONCLUSION:

Thus the performance characteristics of the Francis wheel turbine are done and the maximum
efficiency of the turbine is found out to be _____ %

PRECAUTIONS:
Make sure our hands are dry when switch on the switch of the machine.
Make sure the turbine is not stopped immediately as it tends to over speed with emergency stops.
Make sure the equipment function well before experiment get started.
Must follow procedure going on the experiment so accident could be avoid during experiment.
Make sure handling well the equipment during experiment and void silly behavior.