LIFE DISTRIBUTION: AN ANALYTICAL MODEL TO EXPLAIN DNA

DOUBLE HELICAL STRUCTURE WITH FINE STRUCTURE CONSTANT

AND HUBBLE TIME
Acharya Balkrishnaa1, Madhan Kumara2, Sadhanaa1 and Paran Gowdaa1
a1
PatanjaliYogPeet, Haridwar, Uttarkhand state, India
a2
SastraUniversity, Tanjore, Tamilnadu, India
Correspondence author:
ParanGowda
e-mail: parangowda@gmail.com
Mob: +918755366622
Abstract
In this paper, we attempted to supplement and support the experimental evidence of DNA
survival rate at extreme wavelengths with an empirical model on gene sequence, especially the
non-coding part of the sequence. Our model is based on relativistic quantum mechanics
principles of fine structure constant and Hubble time. We tried to explain empirically, the
existence of blank states in a gene sequence using the wavelengths especially in the range of
ultraviolet and infra-red frequencies of DNA molecules. Further, the structural of DNA is
explained with fine structure constant of hydrogen atom which is much more a natural law of
primordial matter than the helical structure itself through the ratio of DNAs wavelengths. The
ratio is calculated by taking the experimental extinction coefficient value with that of its
appearance value. Appearance and disappearance is like Schrdingers imaginary cat experiment
of simultaneous birth and death of a cat or presently it is known as super conducting quantum
interference phenomena. Life distribution on this planet is all about its interrelation,
interdependency and interpenetration relationship with intergalactic cosmic phenomena and not
just our Milky way galaxy alone.

Key words: Life, DNA, Fine structure constant, Hubble time, Mind, Wavelengths
Introduction
Our genome is the only experienced first copy of our life distribution. This has only about 2% of
the human genome codes for proteins and about 98% codes for retro transposes or junk DNA
( Kammak, 2013). It turns out from literature that non coding DNA contains the epigenetic
instructions of how to energize the proteins in our genome to alter function based upon
environmental pressures. Junk DNA or non-coding DNA is an organic molecule in which life
organisms store information along with coding DNA for biological functioning purposes. In the
case of eukaryotic cells, the vast majority of genes about 98% are not continuous which are
known as exons. Coding sequence expresses itself in the form of ATCG molecules which are
known as introns. Non coding doesnt express anything and it remains as a blank state in the
DNA sequence. It is also known as a C-value paradox which is the total number of DNA
nucleotide residues in the genome (per haploid set of chromosomes). Non coding DNA is made
up of all of those sequences while coding DNA occupies only a small fraction of the genome.
Here the question arises: what is the function of these non-coding genes in a given sequence?
What it is doing inside the physical biological body?
Can it be a replicating information unit which has fascinated not just biologists alone, but also,
other scientists like physicists, chemists, mathematicians and astro biologists. The former, have
made a lot of contributions to DNA understanding and, recently, they have applied several
mathematical techniques for analyzing non coding regions. Some clues come from re-annealing
experimentsand some contains genes for RNA molecules with important biological functions
(non coding RNA, ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA). The exploration of the function and
evolutionary origin of non-coding DNA is an important goal of contemporary genome research,

including the ENCODE project, which aims to survey the entire human genome, using a variety
of experimental tools whose results are indicative of molecular activity. Because non-coding
DNA greatly outnumbers coding DNA, the concept of the sequenced genome has become a more
focused analytical concept than the classical concept of the DNA-coding gene (Waters, 2007)
and (Lisa Gannett, 2008). Most of the development of analytical models borrows ideas from
natural philosophy on the lines of many quantum physicists like W.Pauli (P. Varlaki, 2008).
Quantum physics and biological sciences are gradually venturing into natural philosophy which
was once an hallowed ground, and radically changing our ideas of life ( Jackkruise, 2013). As
per W.Pauli, if fine structure constant ( ) of the hydrogen atom were bigger than it really is, we
should not be able to distinguish matter from ether (the vacuum, nothingness) and our task to
disentangle the natural laws would be hopelessly difficult ( P.Varlaki, 2008). Extending the
analogy to DNA sequence containing coding and non-coding signals as protein matter and nonprotein vacuum, and this landed up hopelessly as a C-value paradox ( Kammak, 2013) or junk
DNA. The fact however that has just its value 1/137 (CODATA, 2011) is certainly no chance
but itself a law of nature. It is clear that the explanation of this number must be the central
problem of natural philosophy. Based on W.Paulis analysis of fine structure, we looked towards
Bhagavad Gita (Saraswati.D, 1989), a natural philosophy and a sacred vedic book of Indian
philosophy. It probably wasn't long after Bhagavad Gita developed a philosophy of life in the
form of consciousness before or after death that it has continuity contact with those who had
crossed over to the other side of life with the same consciousness of the same person it is some
thing like quantum tunneling of particles passing from one side of the hill to the other side.
Bhagavad Gita quotes the qualities of consciousness as it has neither birth nor death. Nor, having
once been, does ever cease to be. It is purely an energy form and becomes active in the presence

of protein matter. And the matter form is coded form of DNA. As the energy embodies, in this
body, from boyhood to youth to old age, the protein decay takes place but not this conscious
energy. This consciousness similarly passes into another body after death of the protein matter.
While cutting edge quantum mechanics could provide answers to what happens when the
physical matter die. The consciousness in the form of non-biological frequencies, specifically
electromagnetic signals contributes to non-coding DNA which possibly makes us different from
other species. Humans are not closed systems; they are open, Our cells looks like convert mass
into energy through chemically assisted nuclear reactions (Hirotaka Sugawara,2006) all the time
which is another possibly of why humans have more non coding DNA than any other animal on
the planet.
For example, the E. Coli genome has 4.6 million base pairs and codes for about 3,000 different
proteins (proteins of ~40,000 and 500 bp for promoters). Using the same assumption the human
genome should code for 1 million proteins (3 billion base pairs, protein ~50,000 and promoters
of 1500 bp).From where does the energy come from in the manufacture of bps?. May be these
energies come from our environment or from self-generated molecular interactions. You call this
natural selection (as Darwin calls it) today. Hydrogen being the lightest element of the matter, its
fusion based low energy changes the structural and function of DNA / RNA at microscopic
level. Proteins are a form of matter. Energy sculpts what proteins can and will do and how they
will act in a cell. This is called conditions of existence, or epi genetics, today. Darwin told us
about both. Of the two, he said conditions of existence were by far more important. Biology has
forgotten what he said back then, because for 160 years, no one had a clue how epigenetic
worked.

In this paper, we try to show that the non-coding part of DNA molecules can survive and exist
independent of physical environmental conditions or at extreme wavelengths and show its
relationship with mind. The latest experimental studies conducted by (Oliver Ullrich, 2014)
proves that DNA's genetic information is essentially capable of surviving the extreme conditions
of space and the re-entry into earth's dense atmosphere. Life could have roots both on earth and
in space (Warmflash and Weiss, 2005).To solve some of the DNA/RNA problems, (Joyce, 2002)
suggests, some other genetic system proceeded RNA, just as it preceded DNA and protein.
a. DNA relation to Hubbles time: red and blue shifts
The Hubble parameter is related to cosmic behavior time measurement in terms of red and blue
shift wavelengths. Here we are making an analogy that the same cosmic phenomena is taking
place at microscopic level also inside the neural circuits of brain of human beings in terms of
coding and non-coding gene sequences (Kumar et al, 2013) and (Gowda et al, 2014). The non
coding DNA is assumed to expand some thing like red shift expansion given by the relation:
z = (obs - rest ) / rest ) for relatively nearby objects, where z is the cosmological red shift, obs is
the observed wave length and rest is the emitted/absorbed wavelength of the non coding signals.
If z= -1, the inverse fine structure constant which indicates less than a million light years away
from our milky way galaxy
This non coding is a biological entity inside the neural structures is assumed to be
interconnected, interpenetrated and interdependent to a larger cosmic entity. The Hubbles law in
the case of these two entities may be stated as distance between larger cosmic entity and physical
entity which is continuously expanding in the cosmic space.Depending on Hubble parameter and
environment conditions, the coding and non-coding genes wait for suitable time to encode itself
and express in the form of gene expression. We are not sure of at what time it gets into a coded

form. It totally depends on the surrounding environment. For physical DNA, the coded
information takes 9 months to appear in the form of a child possessing the physical
characteristics of mother and father or their grandparents. The non-coded form of the genes
which is assumed to indicate Mental characteristics or conscious behaviour is tough to explain.
The non-coded DNA in the brain without physical or objective shape is synonymous to the
cognitive mind. Simultaneous encoding and non-encoding takes place in the brain. Encoded
information becomes DNA protein molecules or coded ATGC nucleotide base pairs and noncoding information takes the form of blank or nothingness.
We have Hubble evidence of an expanding or contracting universe in the form of red and blue
shifts. The mind is also something like expanding contracting mini universe inside the brain. If
we could rewind time, the trajectories of mind behavior would all converge to a contracting point
of a non-coded gene as an infinitely singular density point or mental crunch gene or its vice
versa . Scientific reasoning would tell us that cramming a huge physical body into a unique,
single mind point would be very intensely density point -it is more of a line with the body DNA
at one end and our mind continuing at the other end. Another question might be how big this
mind gene point? Is it the size of a pin point or the size of our galaxy? While energy can neither
be created nor destroyed, it doesn't have to have a mass, meaning the singularity was most likely
mass less energy and the big bang is a transition from mass less to coded energy with mass to
give us our "physical" body DNA. There is a plenty of speculation of what caused the escape or
transition of mind gene from the body but we are not sure if there is anything conclusive. There
are just too many unanswered questions and we have to be able to collect data in order to figure
out things or at least create a workable mathematical model that can take us where we cannot go.

Based on the above analysis, the following model is proposed to explain the behavior of the non
coded biological entity of the brain in terms of the value of the Hubble parameter.
The given value of Hubble parameter is H = 160 km/sec/million light years ( 1 million light year
= 9.46 x 1012 km)
= 10-12 x 160/9.46 / sec
T = 1/H = 1.86 x 1014sec = 13.6 billion years age of earth
The Hubbles time parameter inside the brain T is related to the non coding part of DNA and also
coding part in terms of out side environmental conditions. T is given by an empirical relation
which may be given in terms of coding and non-coding DNA. The coding part is related to
biological action and its reaction is non-coded reaction or non-biological reaction. As per the law,
they are equal and opposite. The relation is given as
Cn = C c / k

(based on contraction / expansion ratio)

where Cc = contraction rate of cells or death rate of cells and Cn expansion rate of cells and k is a
constant. As per the estimates in physiology, in 24 hours time, 60 billion cells die and roughly an
equal, lesser or greater number of new cells generate. The contraction rate is roughly 1 million
cells die / sec.i.e. Cc = 106. The constant k depends on Hubbles time factor T. The constant is to
be found through Hubble time T, if T = 4 billion years old, then the Cn =10-8 cells =0 cells which
shows that it is non coding DNA. Roughly we can say that non coding DNA is a singularity
DNA which is an essential part in DNA helical structure.
The inference drawn from the above is;
Empirical explanation of blank state or non coded DNA in the electromagnetic spectrum
of specific wavelengths of DNA spectrum proves that it has 0 cells approximately or no
coded proteins by using Hubble time. It may be simply a longest wavelength of the

spectrum bounded by the objective proteins but maintaining its original nature of longest
wavelength. It is like a frozen gene of a dinosaur in the mosquitoes blood trapped as a
fossil source
There is a possible linkage of the blank state to the other universal blank state galactic
systems through Hubble shift.
We may hypothesize that this relationship of blank state with the outside world lead to the
possible existence of mind which we can neither be observed nor be proved.
We have a literature support on the above observations with the gene miR-941, which appears to
have played a pivotal role in human brain development (Hai Yang Hu et al, 2012). As per the
research team findings, it is the first time a new gene carried by humans and not by apes has
been shown to have a specific function in the human body and it could shed more light on human
brain development leading to language speaking. It is believed that it emerged between six and
one million years ago, after humans evolved from apes. As a species, humans are wonderfully
inventive socially and technologically evolving all the time. The scientists say that this new
molecule sprang from nowhere at a time when our species was undergoing dramatic changes:
living longer, walking upright, learning how to use tools and how to communicate the gene is
highly active in two areas of the brain, controlling decision-making and language abilities, with
the study suggesting it could have a role in the advanced brain functions that make us human. It
is known that most differences between species occur as a result of changes to existing genes, or
the duplication and deletion of genes. This gene emerged fully functional out of non-coding
genetic material in a brief interval of evolutionary time.
b. DNA structure and fine structure constant of Hydrogen atom

An attempt is made here to physically interpret and understand the DNAs double helical
structure with the fine structure constant of hydrogen atom .The physical interpretation of DNA
through fine structure constant is certainly the most important need of the hour and we have to
find ways and means to find its meaning through DNAs structure studies.
We propose a fine structure model of DNA based on the idea of (Haldane, 1947) experiment in
which ultraviolet radiation had been seen to encourage the build-up of organic compounds from
a mixture of water, carbon dioxide, and ammonia. Here, it is compared to bio fluids of the brain
in terms of the genes: its appearance and extinction wave lengths in the electromagnetic
spectrum. It is something like the Schrdingers cat, where the gene expression appears in the
form of proteins and disappears / vanishes (blank state or emptiness) at the same time. The
Schrodingers cat is a famous illustration of principle of superposition in quantum mechanics
death-alive action at the same time. The disappearance is related to non-coding DNA which is
yet to be explained fully -it is known as a C- value paradox in genetics. Roughly, the DNA electro

magnetic spectrum is given below;

Table 1. DNA Electro Magnetic spectrum
Radio
106nm

Micro
103nm

Infra red
500-9000nm

Visible
400 -700 nm

DNA
2-390 nm

Ultraviolet
1 nm

DNA protein disappears or gets damaged at the extinction coefficient (Fasman, G.D) of 274 nm
between visible and ultra violet region) for a double stranded DNA is 0.20( micro gram meter)-1 .
Based on this data,
-

Appearance coefficient 2 nm
Disappearance,
274 nm.

The ratio of these two coefficients gives i.e.

= 2/274 = 1/137 which is a fine structure constant of Hydrogen atom.

This DNA wavelength based calculation of fine structure matches with the spectroscopic
measured fine structure value. The fine-structure constant as the ratio of the velocity of the
electron in the first circular orbit of the atom to the speed of light in the vacuum which is defined
by ;
= v/c =0.0073, where v= velocity of electron and c=speed of light. The fine structure
determines the size of the splitting or fine structure of the hydrogen spectral lines .The finestructure constant so intrigued physicist, W. Pauli that he collaborated with psychiatrist Carl
Jung in an extraordinary quest to understand its significance.
This proves the fact that DNA helical structure has a relation ship with the fine structure value of
primordial hydrogen atom.
c. Mechanism
The fundamental physical constants of the universe such as fine structure constant of the
hydrogen atom are all either immensely small or enormously large while our fine structure
constant value 1/137 turns out to be a human sized number. The number 137 and its (possible)
place in the scale of the universe continues to pose a challenge to understand its physical
significance even today as well. The classical field theories use more unified representation of
the connection of electro magnetic and gravitational fields, unite the law of conservation of
electric charge with the laws of conservation of energy and momentum into a single structure.
But so far these theories have no natural connection with quantum theory, and are unable to
interpret the additional fundamental property of charge - its atomic nature to the classical law of
its conservation as its quantum-theoretical nature. As such, the fine-structure constant is just an
alternative expression of the elementary charge in terms of the natural unit of charge. The
mechanism of DNA interaction could be understood through quark particle interactions. It is a

key molecule responsible for storage, duplication, and realization of genetic information. DNA is
a hetero polymeric molecule consisting of residues (nucleotides) of four types, A, T, G, C. The
stability of DNA is very fundamental to understand the neuro functioning of brain system. DNA
of all living creatures have an identical physical, spatial structure: sequences of the two strands
of the double-helical form obey the complementarily principle. This principle is the most
important law in the field of DNA, and, probably, is the most important law of the living nature.
It declares that, in the double helix, A always opposes T and vice versa, whereas G always
opposes C and vice versa.
The DNA has hydrogen in the form of electron bounded in its molecular
structure. In our approach a conjecture is proposed that DNAs electron
energy transfer to phonons takes place continuously. These reactions are
assumed to be chemically assisted nuclear reactions (Hirotaka Sugawara,
2006). A Feyman diagram of quark particle interactions are given below.
e

W
u

Fig. 1 Feyman diagram indicating the electron self-interaction.

e- = electron; W = bosons and - = neutrino , u and d = up and down quarks
Whats really going on is that the proton is made of two up quarks and a down quark, while the
neutron is made of two downs and up. The electron exchanges a W boson with one of the quarks,

converting into an electron neutrino in the process. How quarks of the DNA and gluons behave
over sufficiently large distances is not known. It is suppose to be that the weak interactions

are really carried by W bosons at large distances. In quantum mechanics, large

distances correspond to low energies - that the energy of a wave decreases as its
wavelength increases; quantum mechanics is all about waves. If we are trying to figure
out what is going on down there on Planck scale of space time, do we see vibrating
strings, or non commuting matrices, or spin networks, or what? Hard to tell, because it
makes no difference at all at the large-distance/low-energy physics also which we can
actually observe. The EM field generated at Plancks scale in the neural brain because of
super conducting quantum interference ( switching signals from one neural circuit to the other )
in the region of neo cortex which acts as a powerful transmitter that allows us to interconnect
with other galaxies at extreme high speeds, while storing massive amounts of information, all
while using very low power dissipation. It is capable of detecting magnetic fields produced in
spaces or around the body. Recent data shows that various nuclei in the dorsal thalamus in vitro
can express at ~ 0.005 -0.1 Hz. That is greatly facilitated by activating metabortropic glutamate
receptors or Ach receptors. This means that environmental EMFs are directly linked to
neurotransmitter responses found inside the brain.
d. Mind gene - Blank state, Hubble parameter andFine structure
Based on the above empirical findings, the complex phenomena of mind thinking process may
be now be explained through blank state, Hubble parameter, and fine structure. The blank state is
related to a complex pattern of weak interactions with cosmic quarks at low energies or at long
wave lengths. We may now assume that the electron of the blank state is a self interacting
particle which exchanges W boson to form electron neutrino. This neutrino interacts with gluons

at long range Hubble distance to form patterns of thinking / life. The hypothesis may be stated as
if we could rewind time, the trajectories of mind behavior would all converge to a contracting
point of a non-coded gene as an infinitely singular density point or mental crunch gene or its
vice versa. The vice versa is what we see today, the mind gene as a expanding or diverging point
with its circumference no-where yet with its focal point at the center of the body. A question
might arise then how big this mind gene point is? Is it the size of a measurable entity or the size
of our immeasurable universe? While energy cannot be created, nor destroyed, it doesn't have to
have mass, meaning the singularity was most likely mass less energy and the big bang transition
from mass less to coded energy with mass to give us our physical proteins . There is a plenty of
speculation of what caused the escape or transition of mind gene from the body but we are not
sure if there is anything conclusive. There are just too many unanswered questions and we have
to be able to collect data in order to figure out things or at least create a workable mathematical
model that can take us where we cannot go.
The initial point of thinking of the brain activity very well remains a mystery however, we
may believe that after the tiniest fraction of a second, the gravitational force, strong nuclear force
and the electromagnetic force got separated between the particles, which probably causes the
thinking process. The mind gene itself created space, time, and all of the matter based DNA and
unified string energy as we know today. And we the human beings living in this gravity based
earth always thinking beyond the milky way galaxy is a gross reminder of our ancestral
connectivity to extra terrestrial world or what we call our distant cousins living or dead in the
alien world.
Mind gene may be a part of the residual wavelength spectra which may be a connecting link
through the blank states of the distant cousins living/dead in the alien world. Based on our above

analytical model of DNA electromagnetic spectrum, Hubble time and fine structure constant, we
may hypothesize that the residual part of DNA is some how related to the remote galaxies
through Hubble parameter. In addition, the fine structure constant value of 1/137 indicates our
relation to the primordial basic element of existence that is Hydrogen atom. Its physical presence
in the form of the fine splitting of Hydrogen atom through quantum interactions is a grim
reminder of our relation ship with nature. Its linkage to the coded gene in the form of phonon
electron interactions gives an indirect reference to the existence of mind gene which is to be
unraveled experimentally. Hydrogen atom is the basis of all mental phenomena in the universe. It
is a basic building block of the universe. In cosmology, the entire ordinary matter based universe
is estimated to be approximately 0.2 atoms per cubic meter (Mullins, Justin, 2004)and where as
the critical density of mono atomic hydrogen and its critical density in the universe is estimated
to be approximately five atoms of monatomic hydrogen per cubic meter. It is the same hydrogen
atom
Life (Haldane, J.B.S., 1947) is not under our absolute mind control. It has a remote switch. It is
not under our control because it is related to the outside world through Hubble time. Let us
analyze its connectivity relation through the DNA spectrum. The wave lengths of DNA spectrum
extends to the radio region of the spectrum. What could be the possible longest wave length of
the residual DNA that one can extend inside the physical body?. Or in other words, the question
may be put: can it be a simple straight line projected to infinity becomes a circle. The answer
could be the same thing happening inside the neural brain i.e. minds orbit is a relativistic orbit
where the embedded electrons involve in energy transfer with phenons .

Fig. 2 Longest wavelength projected to infinity becomes a circle

Mathematically, it may be expressed as;
Singularity point of mind = lim. y (x) = 2r2,where y(x) = mx + c is equation of straight line
x

where, r = radius of the circle, y and x are variables, m = slope and c is a constant. The straight
line inside the physical body is called as Kundalini line or vertical line as shown in Fig.3. In
Indian scriptures (Chaitanya G, Sadhana T, 2006), Kundalini is defined as a vertical line of
subtle energy flowing from brain to anus region in the physical body.
y

x
Fig.3. Vertical line with un defined slope
Hence, the mind gene of the residual DNA is a point of zero volume, but with very high mass or
energy, which makes the density infinite. It is a synonym to Stephen W. Hawkings black hole
singularity. According to Stephen W. Hawking, singularities either occur entirely in the future or
entirely in the past. The Big Bang singularity always lies in the past (if you were able to rewind
time, galaxies will become closer together, eventually coming together at a point). A contraction
(something like black hole) singularity is the dimensionless point where all matter pulled into it
and is concentrated. It has infinite density and therefore does not exist within space-time as it is
the point of infinite curvature of space-time. There was only one cosmic mind gene singularity

and it contained the whole macro universe. Since these singularities are infinitesimally small and
therefore they possess infinite density. It has all of the properties of a contraction singularity and
from it 'grew' coded DNA. This is the mind body relation. Therefore, the main difference is
that a contraction singularity is the end of space time (and pulls matter in) and the mind or
expanding gene singularity is the beginning of space time (where DNA matter are 'real').
It is the character or habit of ones own life experience or in other words the experience of life
distribution is nothing but patterns of embedded mental blank states of DNA that is carried out
during a particular period of life time or the existence of physical body. It is organic mental
evolution of ones own mental actions in a given physical time. How it gets carried forward
without physical protein form is a un answered question. The mental behaviour or embedded
mind behaviour is cosmic time dependent which is independent of our planetary physical time.
And therefore non coded information to get into coded information is a time dependent
evolutionary gene. Its identification or evolutionary evolution of patterns to become visible is
always cosmic time dependent.
A hope in the direction of finding the mind gene has come through by the recent (John O Keefe
et al,2014) findings of Nobel laureates who discovered that how specific brain cells help rats
and other mammals spatial maps of their inner brain environment in short inner GPS of the brain.
The findings opened up new avenues for understanding cognitive processes like memory,
thinking and planning apart from medical treatment advantages like Alzheimers disease. The
positioning system they discovered helps us to know where we are, find our way from place to
place and store the information for the next time. The MMP-9 gene ( Bhargava, 2014) )plays a
major role in cognitive and hearing functions and removal of the said gene decreases Hyper
homo cysteinemia-induced cognitive and hearing dysfunctions. The removal of this gene is an

indication of existence of cognitive process in the brain. This research was carried out on mice
but has large implication for humans; Mind gene is always fresh and young. Its younger than the
physical age. Extending the logic of young body cells is younger than we think, ( Nicholas Wade
2005),the findings shows that the cells from the muscles of the ribs, taken from people in their
late 30's, have an average age of 15 -10 years. Extrapolating the logic to the mind, it indicates
that mind is as old as the age of earth (based on Hubble time).
Acknowledgements
This research paper could not have been completed without the blessings of
SwaniDayanandaSaraswati, USA, and equally, the guidance and cooperation of the research
guide Dr. Maratha Doherty, Dr. R. Srinivasan, Sastra University, Swami Haridas and sisters of
Sri Sarada Ashram.
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