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Electrochemistry
BECAUSE
There presence of free moving ions
in the electrolyte
B. Electrolysis of Molten
Compounds
Electrolysis
A process where compounds in
molten or aqueous state are
broken down into their constituent
elements by passing electricity
through them
Electrolytic cell
The set of apparatus needed to
STEPS OCCUR DURING
conduct electrolysis
+
ELECTROLYSIS
Anode
Cathode
Electrolyte
Graphite or platinum
is usually used as
electrodes because
they are inert.
Important note:
Observation
Anode (positive electrode)
Electrolysis
product
Observation
Confirmatory test
Chlorine gas
Greenish-yellow gas
bubbles released
Bromine gas
Iodine
Oxygen gas
Copper metal
Place a glow
wooden splinter
near the mouth of
test tube
The glowing wooden
splinter light up
Important note:
Observation
Electrolysis
product
Observation
Confirmatory test
Copper metal
Hydrogen gas
Colourless gas
bubbles released
Place a lighted
wooden splinter
near the mouth of
test tube
A pop sound
heard/produced
Electrolysis of molten
compound
PbBr2
LiCl
MgBr2
PbI2
ZnO
CuCl2
Molten
Potassium oxide
Molten Magnesium oxide
Molten Potassium iodide
Electrolysis of Aqueous
Solutions
Factors that affect the electrolysis
of an aqueous solution
Position of ions in the
Electrochemical Series
Concentration of ions in the
electrolytes
Types of electrodes used in the
electrolysis
Platinum
Platinum
0.02 mol dm-3 of
hydrochloric acid, HCl
F-
Na+
SO42-
Ca2+
NO3-
Mg2+
Cl-
Al3+
Br-
Zn2+
I-
Fe2+
OH-
Sn2+
Pb2+
H+
Cu2+
Ag+
Ease of discharge
increases
Concentration of ions
If
the concentration of a
particular ions is high, the ions is
selectively discharged
TIPS:
ANODE
Ion selectively discharged based on
CONCENTRATION of ions
CATHODE
Ion selectively discharged based on position
of ions in Electrochemical Series
Platinum
Platinum
2 mol dm-3 of
hydrochloric acid, HCl
Types of electrodes
Electrolysis
of copper(II)
sulphate, CuSO4 solution using
copper electrode
Electrolysis of silver nitrate,
AgNO3 solution using silver
electrode
Silver
Silver
0.02 mol dm-3 of silver
nitrate, AgNO3
Copper
Copper
0.02 mol dm-3 of
copper(II) sulphate,
CuSO4
D. Electrolysis in
Industries
The
E. Voltaic Cells
Chemical
energy to electrical
energy
Examples of chemical cell:
Daniell cell
dry cell
alkaline cell
lead-acid accumulator
F. The Electrochemical
Series
The
Electrochemical Series is
series of element, arranged
according to the order of
decreasing tendency to released
electrons.
Or the greater the tendency to
donate electrons, the more
electropositive is the metal and
the higher it is in the
Electrochemical Series.
Principles Used:
Metals