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Guide To Thickness Calculation of Heater Tubes
Guide To Thickness Calculation of Heater Tubes
THICKNESS IN PETROLEUM
REFINERIES
API 530
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SCOPE
API 530 covers design
g p
procedures of p
process fired
heater tubes (direct fired, heat absorbing tubes within
enclosures)
| Furnace
F
tubes
t b and
d waste
t h
heatt exchangers
h
t b are
tubes
designed on API 530
| Design of external piping is not covered in this
standard
|
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LIMITATIONS
Apply
pp y to thin tubes with thickness to dia ratio less
than 0.15
| Apply to seamless tubes. When applied to welded
t b multiply
tubes
lti l allowable
ll
bl stress
t
with
ith joint
j i t efficiency
ffi i
| No consideration for graphitization, carburization, or
hydrogen attack
|
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DESIGN
| Heater
| Creep
DESIGN
When tube temperature
p
will be high
g enough
g for creep
p
to be significant, tube will fail from creep rupture
| For steels operating at lower temperature, the effects
off creep will
ill be
b negligible
li ibl (elastic)
( l ti )
| Experience indicates that in elastic case tube will last
indefinitely unless a corrosion or oxidation
mechanism is active
|
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DESIGN
|
Elastic design
y
y
y
Pe Do
2 S e + Pe
t m = t s + CA
where,
h
Pe = design pressure
Se = allowable stress in elastic range
Do = outer diameter of tube
ts = stress thickness
tm = minimum thickness
CA = corrosion allowance
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DESIGN
|
Rupture design
y
y
y
Pr Do
2 S r + Pr
t m = t s + fCA
where,
Pr = rupture design pressure
Sr = allowable rupture strength
f = corrosion fraction function of B and n
B = CA/ts
n = rupture
p
exponent
p
at design
g metal temperature
p
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DESIGN
Known values will be design
g p
pressure,, design
g metal
temperature and outside diameter of tubes
| Determination of design criteria (elastic or rupture)
will be done with the help of graph given in API 530
| The same graph will provide the value of allowable
elastic or rupture strength
| Here,
H
we will
ill go through
h
h both
b h off designs
d i
|
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DESIGN
|
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DESIGN
|
Rupture
p
design
g governs
g
as allowable stress is
less than elastic marginal stress
More data is required to get the value of
allowable rupture strength like design life of
tube (to be decided by the designer) and
rupture pressure which is less than elastic
design pressure
See the g
graph
p on the next page
p g for clarity
y
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DESIGN
So allowable rupture
p
strength
g comes out close to 41
MPa considering design life of 100,000 hrs
| Likewise, we can evaluate the thickness by using the
f
formulas
l given
i
above
b
if rupture
t
pressure is
i defined
d fi d
| Elastic design is simple to practice design procedures
|
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