SAP Overview

SAP?
Company
ERP Software package
R/2
R/3

Why ERP
Integration
Best business practices
Standardization

Why not ERP?

Complexity
Cost
Inflexibility

SAP R/3 System Business Modules

Logistical

Sales &
Distribution

Financial

Financial
Accounting

Materials
Mgmt.

Controlling

Production
Planning

Fixed Assets
Mgmt.

R/3
Client / Server
ABAP/4

Quality
Mgmt.
Plant
Maintenance

Human
Resources

Project
System

Workflow
Industry
Solutions

R/3 System: Hardware/Software Views

Typical Client Server Architectures

Presentation

Central System
Two - tier
Distributed System
Two - tier
Client/Server
Three - tier
Client/Server
Multi-layer
Cooperative
Client/Server

Application

Database

R/3 System Configurations

Central System

2-Tier Configuration

SAP
3-Tier Configuration

Web-enabled

Presentation
Presentation

Application

Internet
Transaction
Service/Web
Service

Database,
Application,
Presentation

Database and
Application

Database

In a central R/3 System configuration, one host is responsible for all processing
tasks.

R/3 System Configurations

Central Systems

2-Tier Configuration

SAP
3-Tier Configuration

Web-enabled

Presentation
Presentation

Application

Internet
Transaction
Service/Web
Service

Database,
Application,
Presentation

Database and
Application

Database

Twotier R/3 System configurations are usually implemented using special

presentation servers that are responsible solely for formatting the graphical interface.
Many R/3 System users use PCs with Microsoft Windows installed, for example, as
presentation servers.

R/3 System Configurations

Central Systems

2-Tier Configuration

SAP
3-Tier Configuration

Web-enabled

Presentation
Presentation

Application

Internet
Transaction
Service/Web
Service

Database,
Application,
Presentation

Database and
Application

Database

An alternative twotier configuration is to install powerful desktop systems and to use

these for presentation and applications (twotier client/server). This type of
configuration is particularly useful for expensive applications (such as simulations) or
for software developers.

R/3 System Configurations

Central Systems

2-Tier Configuration

SAP
3-Tier Configuration

Web-enabled

Presentation
Presentation

Application

Internet
Transaction
Service/Web
Service

Database,
Application,
Presentation

Database and
Application

Database

In a threetier configuration, you use your own host for the three tiers. Using data
from the database server, several different application servers can operate at the same
time. To ensure that the load on individual servers is as even as possible and to
achieve optimal performance, you can use special application servers for individual
application areas such as sales planning, distribution or financial accounting.

R/3 System Configurations

Central Systems

2-Tier Configuration

SAP
3-Tier Configuration

Web-enabled

Presentation
Presentation

Application

Internet
Transaction
Service/Web
Service

Database,
Application,
Presentation

Database and
Application

Database

To webenable the SAP Applications, a Web Server and an ITS (Internet Transaction
Server) are needed. The webservice and the services for the ITS can run on one
server or on two dedicated servers. The presentation in this configuration is provided by
an Internet Browser. The new SAP Web platform is NetWeaver.

Basis System: Three-Tier Computer Hierarchy

Central Database
(Storage of all data)

Access to Dataase:
(Read / Write data)

Database
Input / Output
of data to users

Application

Presentation

Processing of data
using application logic

Presentation of the
processed data to
the user

Client/Server Overview
Server
LAN/WAN
TCP / IP

Client

Client/Server Overview (Logical Structure)

Data Storage

Application
Logic
Client

Presentation

Server

What does an R/3 Database Contain?

R/3
System

database

Client

Client

Client

Customizing Objects
Repository Objects

Global Settings
SAP AG

What is a Client?
A client is an autonomous unit in the R/3 System with
regard to commercial law, organization, and data.

Client

SAP AG

Common Client Roles

Development &
Customizing

Configuring of client settings and

creation of new functionality

QTST

Quality Assurance

Functionality testing and

verification of configuration

PROD

Production

Productive activities and business

data

CUST

Additional Client Roles

Sandbox

Sampling of customizing
transactions and settings

Test

Testing of configuration settings

with data

TRNG

Training

End-user customer training

environment

PPRD

Pre-production

Configured environment for the

load of legacy data prior to the
start of productive activities

SAND

TEST

Sample SAP System Landscape

Development

Testing

Database
Servers

Application
Servers

Presentation
Servers

Production

Object Migration
Corrections and Transport
Development

QA Testing

Program A

Program A

Program A

Table A

Table A

Table A

Screen A

Screen A

Screen A

Production

Object Migration
Development

Program
Program A
A
Version
Version 11
Program
Program A
A
Version
Version 22
Program
Program A
A
Version
Version 33
Originals

Corrections
and
Transport

QA Testing

Program
Program A
A
Version
Version 11
Program
Program A
A
Version
Version 22
Program
Program A
A
Version
Version 33

Geography-based Clients
America
America
Europe
Europe
Japan
Japan

Client
Client 010
010
Client
Client 020
020
Client
Client 030
030

R/3
Europe
R/3
America

R/3
Japan

Client Copies
Configuration

Development
Quality Assurance
Interface Testing
User Training

ERP: Integration
Integrate people, data and business
processes within and between
organizations.
Collaboration, non-redundancy, consistency
and internal process optimization.

Procurement Process
Outline
Agreement

Demand

Accounts
Payable

Purchase
Requisition

Invoice
Verification

Vendor

Goods Receipt
& Inventory Mgmt.

Scheduling
Agreement

Purchase
Order

Production Process

Schedule/Release

Goods Issue

Order Settlement

Shop Floor

Goods Receipt

Sales Process Trading Goods

Customer Order

Accounts Receivable

Picking

Packing

Billing

Goods Issue

Sales Process Finished Goods

Availability
Check
Customer Order

Final Payment

Partial Payment

Goods Issue

Billing

Sales Process Finished Goods

Availability Check
- Insufficient Independent
Demand

Customer Order

Dependent
Demand

MRP Run
Production
Scheduling

Purchasing

Process Flow

Goods Issue
to Shop Floor

Accounts Receivable

Production

Billing

Goods
Receipt

Goods Issue

Logging In

Basics

Client
This is a numeric field.
This number defines a whole business
entity.

User
Every SAP user has a user name.
Users of SAP system are client-specific,
which means that having a user
identification on one client will only allow
access to that particular client.

Password Rules

Letters
Numbers
Easy to remember
3-8 Characters long
No 3 Characters can be the same
Do not start with a ? or an !
Do not use previous 5 passwords

Language
SAP supports multi-national character sets
and languages on the same system, at the
same time.
Default languages are English and
German.

Field Types
There are three types of Entry Fields
Required
Default entry
Optional entry field

Sessions
An SAP session is a window in which the
user may perform a particular task.
A User may have up to nine sessions
open at one time.

SAP R/3 Resource Management: The Dispatcher

Presentation
SAP GUI
Communications

Application
Dispatcher

Work
Process

Data base

Work
Process

Work
Process

Buffers

SAP R/3 Resource Management: Data Flow

Presentation

SAP
SAP GUI
GUI

Terminal
Process

11

77

Application

22

Dispatcher

33

66

Data base

SAP
SAP Memory
Memory Buffer
Buffer
Roll

Work
Process

44

Request
Request queues
queues

Page

55
Relational
Relational database
database system
system

SAP R/3 Resource Management: Work Processes

A
A

B
B
Update

Dialog

Message
Sold to party: C100

Sold to party: C100

Item Material Qty

10
6301
10
20
6412
10
30
1507
25

Item Material Qty

10
6301
10
20
6412
10
30
1507
25

Order

Sold to party: C100

Sold to party: C100

Item Material Qty

10
6301
10
20
6412
10
30
1507
25

Item Material Qty

10
6301
10
20
6412
10
30
1507
25

Order

Background Jobs

SAP Dispatcher

10

11

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

Order

Enqueue

C
C
Gateway

1999

12

Order

Spool
R/3
R/2

SAP R/3 Resource Management:

Lock Management by the Enqueue Work Process
Instance A
Dispatcher
Work
Process

Work
Process

Update

Enqueue

Message
Server

Instance B
Dispatcher

Lock table in

main storage

Work
Process

Work
Process

Update

Enqueue

SAP R/3 Resource Management: R/3 Instance

Database
Database
Instance
Instance

Message
Message
Server
Server

Instance
Instance Profiles
Profiles
(parameters)
(parameters)

SAP
SAP
Gateway
Gateway

Dispatcher

Dialog

....

Update

Spool

SAP
SAPBuffers
Buffers
Start
Start
or
or
Stop
Stop

Background

Enqueue

nce
a
t
s
In
Central

SAP R/3 Resource Management: Distributed SAP R/3 Processing

Instance 03

Instance 02
Dispatcher

Dialog

Background

Dispatcher

Enqueue

Enqueue

Dialog

...

Instance 01
Dispatcher

Dialog

Update

Enqueue

Spool

Message

Gateway

Reporting
Three basic steps to running a report
Access the report
Enter selection criteria
Execute the report

System Messages
E - Error
An invalid entry has been made.
The cursor moves to the field where the
error has occurred.

W - Warning
A possible error has been made.
The user can continue without changing.

I Information
Feedback from the system.

Customizing - Modeling the Business

Organizational Structures in each module
Master Data - Customers, Materials,
Rules - required entries, tolerances,

Mapping
Assignment of organizational structures
to reflect the enterprise model
Establishes integration among modules