5.

2 Error sources
Overused engine
The engine has been used for experiments for a long time. It may have some accumulated
residues at some parts of the engine like the valves. This will cause the valves failed to open
or close completely, which leads to pressure loss.
Contaminated fuel
The fuel used could have also had contaminants, which would have affected the combustion
process, thus leading to a faulty chemical reaction.
Human Error
Another error that could have affected the final results was that the actual reading of the
manometer could have been inaccurate due to human error and resolution of the measuring
equipment. The values that were indicated on the computer kept fluctuating, thus making it
difficult to establish a certain value to use as a measurement.
Systematic error
The manometer has insufficient resolution which affects the reading during run 8.
Appropriate equipment should be used to measure the mass flow rate rather than to compute
from various measured parameters.
Evaporatory loss
Fuel may have been evaporated before it reaches the combustion chamber due to high
temperature of the engine. This will lead to a leaner A/F ratio.