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Room Pressurization Control Methods
Room Pressurization Control Methods
February, 2003
Leakage Area
Although the positive or negative pressurization
relationship between spaces establishes the
potential for air transfer or airflow, there must be an
opening between the spaces for airflow to actually
occur. Typically, such openings are the combination
of unintentional construction related gaps created by
the transverse of mechanical components (pipes,
electrical conduit, ventilation ducts, etc.) and the
necessary clearance openings around doors. All of
these openings are cumulatively referred to as a
room's leakage area.
Siemens Industry, Inc.
Document No. 149-977
AIRFLOW
TRACKING
OFFSET
TOTAL ROOM
SUPPLY
AIRFLOW
SERVICE CORRIDOR
0
TRANSFER
AIRFLOW
INTO
ROOM
ROOM
SUPPLY
AIR
TOTAL ROOM
EXHAUST
AIRFLOW
TOTAL ROOM
EXHAUST AIR
LABORATORY ROOM
(NEGATIVE)
TRANSFER
AIRFLOW
INTO
ROOM
PERSONNEL CORRIDOR
O
Page 3 of 8
0.020
0.019
0.1 Ft2
0.018
0.017
0.2 Ft2
0.016
0.015
0.3 Ft2
0.014
0.013
0.4 Ft2
DIFFERENTIAL 0.012
0.011
PRESSURE
0.5 Ft2
0.010
INCHES
of
WATER
0.009
0.6 Ft2
0.008
0.007
0.75 Ft2
0.006
0.005
1.0 Ft2
0.004
0.003
1.5 Ft2
0.002
0.001
0.000
25
50
75
100
125 150
175 200
400
Figure 3. Room Differential Airflow vs. Differential Pressure for Various Room Leakage Areas.
constant air volume (CAV) as well as variable air
volume (VAV) ventilation systems. Figure 4 shows
an airflow tracking control configuration for a VAV
chemical laboratory room ventilation system.
SUPPLY AIR
TERMINAL
ROOM
GENERAL
EXHAUST
FUME HOOD
EXHAUSTS
CFM
CFM
CFM
CFM
ROOM
CONTROLLER
Page 5 of 8
SUPPLY AIR
TERMINAL
pressure.
ROOM
GENERAL
EXHAUST
FUME HOOD
EXHAUSTS
DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE
ROOM
CONTROLLER
ROOM DIFFERENTIAL
PRESSURE SENSOR
Page 7 of 8
TIME TO OBTAIN
NEW VALUE
TIME TO OBTAIN
NEW VALUE
10
SECONDS
10
SECONDS
Figure 6. Comparison of Time Needed to Obtain New Values After Room Airflow Change.
As a result of this arrangement, the airflow tracking
offset value does not remain fixed as in regular
airflow tracking, but is periodically reset if needed. A
cascaded control arrangement will compensate for
differential pressure variations that might occur over
the long term. Since a differential pressure sensor is
part of a cascaded control arrangement, it also
enables local indication as well as remote monitoring
of a room's differential pressure level.
Although cascaded pressure control might seem to
be the best of both worlds, it also poses some
drawbacks:
Conclusion
This report has presented a detailed factual
discussion on room pressurization control by both
volumetric airflow tracking and differential pressure
sensing. Due to its slower response, differential
pressure sensing control is best limited to
applications where room airflows remain very stable
as in constant air volume ventilation systems.
The vast majority of experienced ventilation system
designers find volumetric airflow tracking to be more
satisfactory for room pressurization control. In
particular, airflow tracking is well suited to and is
perhaps the only reliable approach for controlling
room pressurization in VAV laboratory ventilation
systems and whenever fast and stable
pressurization control is crucial.
Product or company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners. 2009 Siemens Industry, Inc.
Siemens Industry, Inc.
Building Technologies Division
1000 Deerfield Parkway
Buffalo Grove, IL 60089-4513
USA