Worksheet14.

1
Alkanesfreeradicalsubstitution
1 Methaneandchlorinereacttogethertogivechloromethaneandhydrogenchloride.
a Writeabalancedsymbolequationforthisreaction.
b Explainthemechanismforthisreactionusingatleastfoursteps.Youshouldinclude:
aninitiationstep
twopropagationsteps
aterminationstep.
c Whataretheessentialconditionsfortheinitiationstep?
d Drawamoleculeofchloromethane.Labelthebondangles.
2 Ethaneandbrominereacttogethertogivebromoethaneandhydrogenbromide.
a Writeabalancedsymbolequationforthisreaction.
b Explainthemechanismforthisreactionusingatleastfoursteps.Youshouldinclude:
aninitiationstep
twopropagationsteps
aterminationstep.
c Whatisneededforthereactiontotakeplace?
d Drawthefullstructuralformulaeoftwootherorganicproductsthatmightforminthis
reaction.Explainhoweachcouldbeproduced.

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3 Useoneofthereactionsaboveasasourceofexamplestoexplainwhatismeantbythe
followingterms:
a radical
b substitution
c homolyticfission.

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4 Explainwhatismeantbyeachofthefollowingterms.
Yourexplanationsshouldbeintermsofthenumberoffreeradicalsinvolved.
a initiationstep
b propagationstep
c terminationstep

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5 a Completethefollowingequations.
i C3H7 +Cl2 ?
ii C3H7 +C3H7 ?
iii C3H7 +Br2 ?
iv Br2 ?
v C2H5Cl+Cl HCl+?
b Bromoethanecanbepreparedfromethanebythesubstitutionofhydrogenbybromine.
Whatarethe twomainproblemswithusingthismethod?

CambridgeInternationalASandALevelChemistry

OriginalmaterialCambridgeUniversityPress2011

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