Abstract: Fault Passage Indicator (FPI)

In IEC 61850 protocol for substation automation, transformers protection is an important aspect. Fault
in one substation not to be cascaded into faults in series of substation, so we employee what is known
as Fault Passage Indicator (FPI)
The basic principle of FPI is over current / earth faults are converted to voltage variation in transformer
and the voltage is measured and compared with threshold values. If current/voltage exceeds threshold
value then there is fault in the feeding line, the FPI give relay outputs indicating faults in addition to LEDs
or alarms
Using Micro Controller (board) transformer voltage is tapped; the ADC converts voltage into digital form
and then compared with set voltage (digital) level. Before use, the device has to be configured i.e.
threshold values and scan time in millisecond have to be set for each ADC channel. Once set, the device
said to be operating in protection mode. In this mode every set millisecond the voltage is measured and
compared with set value and output is monitored for any faults.

Project Requirements Understanding

Reading & Understanding Harware/Software Tools and components
1. Hardware
a. Manuals
b. Specifications
c. Architecture
d. Instruction set
e. Assembly
2. Software
a. Language C

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4.
5.
6.

7.
8.
9.

b. Programming Tools
i. Keil uVision
ii. Flash Magic
Design
a. Hardware
b. Software
Hardware Development
Software Development
Unit Testing
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b. Software
Product packaging (Enclosure) design
Enclosure outsourcing
System Testing