DATN - Minh K50

n tt nghip
LI M U
Trong nhng nm gn y, cng vi s pht trin kinh t ca c nc,
ngnh iu ha khng kh cng c bc pht trin vt bc v ngy cng
tr nn quen thuc trong i sng v sn xut.
Ngy nay, iu ha tin nghi v iu ha cng ngh khng th thiu
trong cc ta nh, khch sn, siu th, cc dch v du lch, vn ha, y t, th
thao... Trong nhng nm qua iu ha cng h tr c lc cho nhiu ngnh
kinh t, gp phn nng cao cht lng sn phm, m bo quy trnh cng
ngh nh trong cc ngnh si, dt, ch bin thuc l, ch, in n, in t, vi
in t, bu in, vin thng, my tnh, c kh chnh xc, ha hc...
trn ta thy c tm quan trng to ln ca HKK. V vy vic
hc tp nghin cu, ci tin, tin ti thit k ch to v HKK l iu cn
thit. Mt trong nhng cng c, cng ngh nht thit phi c hin nay phc
v cho vic l cng ngh thng tin. Vi s h tr ca my tnh, mng
internet, k s thit k c iu kin tip xc vi cc chng trnh a phng
tin: th nghim m phng, hnh nh ng, cc phn mm h tr cho vic
thit k v ng dng thc t, cc video trc quan ng dng cng ngh
thng tin vo cng vic thit k iu ha khng kh thc s em li rt nhiu
li ch.
Trong khun kh n tt nghip ny em xin trnh by v kh nng ng
dng cng ngh thng tin vo vic tnh ton thit k h thng iu ha khng
kh thng qua hai phn mm l TRACE 700 v REVIT MEP.
Trong qu trnh lm n, do cn hn ch v chuyn mn v kin thc
thc t nn bn n ny khng trnh khi c nhng thiu st. Em rt mong
c s ch bo v gp ca cc thy c v cc bn.
Em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c gio trong b mn v c bit l
thy gio KS. H Hu Phng tn tnh hng dn em hon thnh bn n
ny trong sut thi gian lm tt nghip.
Sinh vin thc hin
Sinh vin: Phm Ngc Minh - My & TBNL 2 - K50
n tt nghip
Phm Ngc Minh

LI CAM OAN
Ti xin cam oan bn n ny do ti t tnh ton, thit k v nghin
cu di s hng dn ca thy gio KS. H Hu Phng.
hon thnh n ny, ti ch s dng nhng ti liu ghi trong mc
ti liu tham kho, ngoi ra khng s dng bt c ti liu no khc m khng
c ghi.
Nu sai ti xin chu mi hnh thc k lut theo quy nh
Sinh vin thc hin
Phm Ngc minh
n tt nghip
CHNG 1 TNG QUAN

1.1 C S K THUT IU HA KHNG KH
1.1.1 Lch s pht trin ca k thut iu ha khng kh

Vo nm 218 n 222, hong Varius Avitus thnh Rome cho
ngi p ngn ni tuyt vn thng uyn hng nhng ngn gi mt
thi vo cung in.
Vo nm 1845, bc s John Gorrie ngi M ch to my nn kh u
tin iu ha khng kh cho bnh vin t ca ng. Chnh iu lm ng
ni ting v i vo lch s ca iu ha khng kh.
Nm 1850, nh thin vn hc Puizzi Smith ln u tin a ra d n iu
ha khng phng my lnh nn kh.
Nm 1911, Carrier ln u tin xy dng m ca khng kh m v ct
nh ngha tnh cht nhit ng ca khng kh m v phng php x l
t c cc trng thi khng kh theo yu cu.
K thut iu ha khng kh bt u chuyn mnh v c nhng bc tin
nhy vt ng k, c bit l vo nm 1921 khi tin s Willis H. Carrier pht
minh ra my lnh ly tm. iu ha khng kh thc s ln mnh v tham gia
vo nhiu lnh vc khc nhau nh:
+ iu ha khng kh cho cc nh my cng nghip.
+ iu ha khng kh cho cc nh my chn nui.
+ iu ha khng kh cho cc tri iu dng, bnh vin.
+ iu ha khng kh cho cc cao c, nh ht ln.
+ iu ha khng kh cho cc ni sinh hot khc nhau ca con ngi
n nm 1932, ton b cc h thng iu ha khng kh chuyn sang
s dng mi cht freon R12.
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Khoa hc k thut ngy cng pht trin, i sng con ngi ngy cng
c nng cao th iu ha khng kh ngy cng pht trin mnh m, ngy
cng c thit b, h thng iu ha khng kh hin i, gn nh, r tin.
1.1.2 Lch s pht trin ca iu ha khng kh ti Vit Nam
i vi Vit Nam, l mt t nc c kh hu nhit i nng v m.
iu ho khng kh c ngha v cng to ln trong vic pht trin kinh t
nc ta. iu ha khng kh xm nhp vo hu ht cc ngnh kinh t, c
bit l ngnh ch bin v bo qun thc phm, cc ngnh cng nghip nh,
ngnh xy dng.
Nhc im ch yu ca ngng lnh nc ta l qu nh, non yu v
lc hu, ch ch to ra cc loi my lnh amoniac loi nh, cha ch to c
cc loi my nn v thit b c ln, cc loi my lnh Freon, cc thit b t
ng. Ngnh lnh nc ta cha c quan tm u t v pht trin ng mc
dn n vic cc n v, x nghip s dng lnh cha hp l gy thit hi v
lng ph tin vn. Vit Nam hin nay, vic tnh ton thit k h thng iu
ha khng kh cho mt cng trnh no u ch l tnh ton tng b phn
ring l ri la chn cc thit b ca cc nc trn th gii lp rp thnh
mt cm my, ta cha th ch to c tng thit b c th hoc c ch to
c nhng cht lng cn km.
Cng vi s pht trin kinh t ca t nc trong nhng nm gn y,
cc thnh ph ln pht trin ln hng lot cc cao c, nh hng, khch sn,
cc rp chiu phim, cc bit th sang trng, nhu cu tin nghi ca con ngi
tng cao, ngnh iu ha khng kh bt u c v tr quan trng v c
nhiu ha hn trong tng lai.
Trong iu kin hin nay, khi cuc sng ca ngi dn ngy cng c
ci thin ng k v mi mt th vic cc ta nh trc tri, khch sn, nh
hng, siu th, trung tm thng mi s dng h thng iu ha khng kh
l mt iu hp l v cp thit nht l trong iu kin kh hu ngy cng nng
ln trn ton th gii v hiu ng nh knh m Vit Nam ca chng ta cng
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ang phi chu nh hng ln t hin tng ny. Vic cc h thng iu ha

trung tm hu nh chim lnh tt c cc cao c vn phng, khch sn, cc
trung tm mua sm, cc siu th chng minh mt thc t r rng v tr
quan trng ca ngnh iu ha khng kh trong sinh hot v trong mi hot
ng sn xut. Vic ny cn cho ta thy ngnh lnh nc ta ang ngy cng
pht trin mnh m phc v cho nhiu mc ch s dng.
1.1.3 iu ha khng kh v tm quan trng ca iu ha khng kh
Mi trng bao gm cc yu t t nhin v yu t vt cht nhn to quan
h mt thit vi nhau, bao quanh con ngi, c nh hng ti i sng, sn
xut, s tn ti, pht trin ca con ngi v thin nhin. (Theo iu 1, Lut
Bo v Mi trng ca Vit Nam). Mi trng theo ngha rng l tt c cc
nhn t t nhin v x hi cn thit cho s sinh sng, sn xut ca con ngi,
nh mi trng ti nguyn thin nhin, mi trng khng kh, mi trng
t, mi trng nc, mi trng nh sng... Trong mi trng khng kh
c ngha sng cn duy tr s sng trn Tri t, trong c s sng ca
con ngi. Mi trng khng kh c c tnh l khng th chia ct, khng c
bin gii, khng ai c th s hu ring cho mnh, mi trng khng kh
khng th tr thnh hng ho, do nhiu ngi khng bit gi tr v cng to
ln ca mi trng khng kh, cha qu trng mi trng khng kh v cha
bit cch to ra mt mi trng khng kh trong sch khng i nhim.
Cng ging nh cc loi ng vt khc sng trn tri t, con ngi c
thn nhit khng i (370C) v lun lun trao i nhit vi mi trng khng
kh xung quanh. Con ngi lun phi chu s tc ng ca cc thng s
khng kh trong mi trng khng kh nh nhit , m, nng cc cht
c hi v ting n. Chng c nh hng rt ln n con ngi theo hai
hng tch cc v tiu cc. Do hn ch nhng tc ng tiu cc v pht
huy nhng tc ng tch cc ca mi trng xung quanh tc ng n con
ngi, ta cn phi to ra mt mi trng thoi mi, mt khng gian tin nghi
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cho con ngi. Nhng iu kin tin nghi hon ton c th thc hin c
nh k thut iu ho khng kh.
Khng nhng tc ng ti con ngi, mi trng khng kh cn tc
ng ti i sng sinh hot v cc qu trnh sn xut ca con ngi Con
ngi to ra sn phm v cng tiu th sn phm . Do con ngi l mt
trong nhng yu t quyt nh nng sut lao ng v cht lng sn phm.
Nh vy, mi trng khng kh trong sch, c ch nhit m thch hp cng
chnh l yu t gin tip nng cao nng sut lao ng. Mt khc, mi ngnh
k thut li yu cu mt ch vi kh hu ring bit do nh hng ca mi
trng khng kh i vi sn xut khng ging nhau. Hu ht cc qu trnh
sn xut thng km theo s thi nhit, thi kh CO 2 v hi nc, c khi c
bi v cc cht c hi vo mi trng khng kh ngay bn trong ni lm
vic, lm thay i nhit v m khng kh trong phng ng thi gy ra
nhng nh hng khng tt n qu trnh sn xut v cht lng sn phm.
Chng hn nh trong cc qu trnh sn xut thc phm, chng ta u cn duy
tr nhit v m theo tiu chun. m thp qu lm tng nhanh s thot
hi nc trn mt sn phm, do tng hao trng, c khi lm gim cht lng sn phm (gy nt n, v do sn phm b gin qu khi kh). Nhng nu
ln qu cng lm mi trng pht sinh nm mc. Mt s ngnh sn xut nh
bnh ko cao cp i hi nhit khng kh kh thp (v d ngnh ch bin
scla cn nhit 7 8oC, ko cao su l 20oC), nu nhit khng t yu
cu s lm h hng sn phm. trong sch ca khng kh khng nhng tc
ng n con ngi m cn tc ng trc tip n cht lng sn phm. Bi
bn bm trn sn phm khng ch lm gim v p m cn lm hng sn
phm. Cc ngnh sn xut thc phm khng ch yu cu khng kh trong
sch, khng c bi bn m cn i hi v trng na.
Cn rt nhiu qu trnh sn xut khc i hi phi c iu ha khng kh
mi tin hnh c hiu qu nh ngnh y t, ngnh giao thng vn ti, ngnh
cng nghip in, ngnh cng nghip si, ngnh c kh chnh xc... iu ny ta
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c th tm hiu v nhn thy trong thc t sn sut nht l thi i cng

nghip pht trin trnh cao trong nc cng nh trn th gii.
Tm li, con ngi v sn xut u cn c mi trng khng kh vi cc
thng s thch hp. Mi trng khng kh t nhin khng th p ng c
nhng i hi . V vy phi s dng cc bin php to ra vi kh hu nhn
to bng iu ha khng kh.
iu ha khng kh (HKK) l qu trnh to ra v duy tr n nh trng
thi khng kh trong nh theo mt chng trnh nh trc, khng ph thuc
vo trng thi khng kh ngoi tri.
iu ho khng kh khng ch gi vai tr rt quan trng trong i sng
hng ngy m cn m bo c cht lng ca cuc sng con ngi cng
nh nng cao hiu qu lao ng v cht lng ca sn phm trong cng
nghip sn xut. ng thi n cng c nhng ngha to ln i vi vic bo
tn cc gi tr vn ha v lch s.
1.2 GII THIU V CNG TRNH
Siu th ng Quang l mt cng trnh trng im trong trung tm

thng mi ng Quang, nm thnh ph Thi Nguyn. Siu th ny cao
khong 23 m, ta lc trn mt bng rng khong 4500 m 2, gia ng ba ca
ng H Ni - Thi Nguyn - Bc Cn. y l mt ta nh 3 tng, trong cc
tng th c ngn thnh nhiu gian hng. Siu th c xy dng nhm mc
ch chnh l p ng c nhu cu kinh doanh mua bn phong ph a dng
ngy cng cao ca nhn dn v khch du lch thp phng ti thnh ph Thi
Nguyn. y cng s l mt im nhn, l cng trnh kin trc vn minh hin
i, to dng cnh quan thnh ph Thi Nguyn thm khang trang, hin i
v to p, gp phn nng cao vn ha, vn minh, lch s ca thnh ph Thi
Nguyn.
Tng 1 v tng 2 ca siu th c din tch gn ging nhau khong 3800
m2 v c c ngn thnh rt nhiu gian hng. Tng 2 l hng in t, in
my, trang tr ni tht hin i vi a dng chng loi t gi bnh dn n
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cao cp. Tng 1 tp trung cc thng hiu ln ca Vit Nam v th gii v cc

nhm hng gm: thi trang, m phm, ng h, n trang, qu, giy da,
qun o cc gian hng thi trang tng 1 qu khch s b chong ngp bi
nhng nhn hiu ni ting th gii vi nhng sn phm snh iu, y c tnh
nh: Valentino, Lacoste, Nike
Tng 3 c din tch 3800 m2 trong c khong 2000 m2 din tch sn
khng c mi che, vi mc ch l ni t chc cc trin lm, hi ch, bui
tic ngoi tri. Phn din tch cn li c mi che l cc gian hng bao
gm cc mt hng gia dng, vn phng phm.
Li vo siu th dnh cho du khch mi ni n thm quan v mua sm
tng mt c nm li vo, trong c bn li vo nm bn hng ngTy-Nam-Bc, li vo cn li l li vo chnh ca ta nh nm hng TyNam. i li gia cc tng, cng trnh c tng cng l by cu thang. Trong
c ba cu thang b v hai cu thang t hnh c b tr trung tm ca
siu th. Hai cu thang b cn li b tr cnh ni vo pha Ty v pha Bc
ca siu th.
Tng 1 ca siu th c chiu cao l 6,6m cn chiu cao ca tng 2 l
6,1m. Cc tng c din tch tng bao bng knh rt ln. Tng bao bng
knh c lp t bn mt ca ta nh theo cc hng ng-Ty-Nam-Bc.
Chiu cao ca tng bao bng knh c tnh t sn n trn gi. Trn gi ca
siu th lm bng thch cao dy 12mm. Siu th c rt nhiu vch ngn. Vch
ngn gia cc gian hng u bng knh. Chiu cao ca vch ngn l 3000mm.
Knh c s dng l loi knh cch nhit hai lp. Tng bao bng gch xy
ca siu th c chiu dy l 300mm, 330mm, 350mm c trt va v p mt
ngoi. Vch ngn gia nh v sinh, phng my v hnh lang l tng xy
gch dy 220mm c trt va hai mt.
H thng iu ho khng kh cn phi phc v ton b din tch s dng
trong tng mt v tng hai. H thng iu ho khng kh phi m bo tin
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nghi, tho mn yu cu vi kh hu nhng khng c nh hng n kt cu

xy dng v trang tr ni tht bn trong cng nh cnh quan xung quanh.
Bng 1.1 Din tch sn, th tch v s ngi trong khng gian iu ha
Bng 1.2
Din tch
tng bao quanh khng gian iu ha bng knh, m2
Bng 1.3 Din tch tng bao quanh khng gian iu ha bng gch, m2
c mt ci nhn trc quan v cng trnh siu th ng Quang, em

s dng phn mm Revit Architecture 2009 m phng li m hnh 3D ca
siu th ng Quang. Mt vi hnh nh trong bn thit k 3D ca em c th
hin phn ph lc.
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CHNG 2: THIT K H THNG IU HA KHNG KH VI

REVIT MEP V TRACE 700
Ngy nay vi xu hng ton cu ha, c bit nc ta gia nhp WTO,
do to ra rt nhiu c hi v th thch cho mi doanh nghip. Cc cng
trnh iu ha khng kh ngy cng nhiu v c quy m to ln hn, tuy nhin
cc i th cnh tranh cng c rt nhiu v h c nhng cng ngh cao, c
bit l cc doanh nghip nc ngoi. Cc doanh nghip cn phi c nhng i
ng nhn lc mnh cng vi nhng cng c, cng ngh mnh nng cao
nng lc cnh tranh ca mnh. Mt trong nhng cng c, cng ngh nht thit
phi c hin nay l cng ngh thng tin. ng dng cng ngh thng tin
thc s em li rt nhiu li ch. N l nn tng pht huy ti a kh nng
sng to ca i ng k s, gip cho h hon thnh cng vic thit k trong
thi gian sm nht, qua thc y nng sut lm vic v nng cao kh nng
cnh tranh cho doanh nghip. ng dng cng ngh thng tin s gip cc k
s, cc nh thit k ng b ha cc nh dng bn v v thit k trn quy m
ton cu ng thi to ra mt mi trng lm vic trn nn tng cng ngh
thng tin vi my tnh v chut.
Trong khun kh n tt nghip ny em xin trnh by v kh nng ng
dng cng ngh thng tin vo vic tnh ton thit k h thng iu ha khng
kh thng qua hai phn mm l TRACE 700 v REVIT MEP.
2.1 TNG QUAN V REVIT MEP V BIM
i vi cng vic thit k, t ch cc phn mm ha thit k ch th

hin cc bn v thit k di dng phng n gin, n cc phn mm dng
v phi cnh khng gian ba chiu, t hnh v tnh n hnh v chuyn ng
nh phim v c bit t ch ch gip ch yu cho cng vic v khai trin
cc bn v k thut trn c s phc tho, cc phn mm cn gip cho qu
Sinh
10
vin:
Phm
Ngc
Minh
My
&
TBNL
K50
n tt nghip
trnh phc tho tng mt cch nhanh chng, gip tnh ton mt cch nhanh
chng v chnh xc cc thng s (ti, kch thc ng, tn tht p sut).
Ngoi ra phn mm cn rt ngn cc qu trnh trin khai k thut, rt ngn
thi gian nghin cu v hon thnh h s thit k - mt trong nhng yu t
quyt nh thnh cng ca mt k s. REVIT MEP ca hng AutoDesk l mt
phn mm c y tnh nng nh vy. REVIT MEP l mt gii php thit
k tch hp mi cng c trong mt, h tr thit k 3D vi kh nng t ng
ha cao, tin cy ln v d dng cp nht th vin cc mu thit k. Kh
nng m hnh ha khc nhau ca REVIT MEP gip cc k s tnh ton v
iu phi tt hn cc tham s cho ra hiu qu ti u. Khi s dng phn
mm ny, ngi k s s tit kim c rt nhiu thi gian, tng ti a kh
nng chnh xc. Khi ny nhim v ca ngi k s l phi la chn v thit
lp cc thng s chnh xc, tm c nhiu phng n thit k, b tr hp l
nht tit kim nng lng, tit kim chi ph nht.
2.1.1 Lch s ca REVIT MEP
i vi nhng ngi lm thit k k thut ni chung v nhng ngi
lm thit k iu ha khng kh ni ring, cc phn mm ca hng AutoDesk
l kh quen thu c. H khng xa l g vi cc phn mm nh AutoCAD, 3D
Studio, 3D Max, 3D Viz c bit l AutoCAD, sau hn m t th p nin s
dng, h quen thu c n xem nh y l nhng phn mm c bn cho
ngnh thit k k thut. Hin nay, phn ln cc c s o to ngnh thit k
k thut vn cn tip tc dy phn mm AutoCAD nh l phn mm chuyn
ngnh, v hu ht cc doanh nghip ang dng phn mm ny. Phn mm
AutoCAD cho cng vic thit k h thng iu ha khng kh trong th k
21c hiu qu hay khng? Nh chng ta bit nhng nm gn y ngnh
iu ha khng kh pht trin rt nhanh, cc cng trnh iu ha khng kh
vi quy m ln cng nhiu kt hp vi xu th hi nhp ton cu th s canh
tranh cng tr ln gay gt. Doanh nghip no c kh nng d ton khi lng
11
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cng trnh mt cch chnh xc nht, nhanh nht v sau l qun l v trin
khai d n mt cch tt nht th s thnh cng.
2.1.2 Cc phn mm ca hng AutoDesk cho ngnh iu ha khng kh
a) Khi nim v CAD
CAD l vit tt ca cm t Computer Aided Design (my tnh tr gip
thit k) ng thi cng l c mun ca con ngi trong thi i tin hc.
Ni chung, thit k l m t cng vi c ca nhiu ngnh ngh khc nhau. Tuy
nhin, i vi ngnh thit k iu ha khng kh th iu ban u c
hiu nh l s xut hi n ca hnh nh trn mn hnh theo mun ca ngi
s dng.
to l p m t hnh nh trn mn hnh, my tnh da vo 2 nguyn l ca
ngnh ton hnh hc.
Nguyn l ca hnh hc c in: hnh nh l t p hp cc im. Da vo
nguyn l ny s c hnh nh dng raster. y l dng hnh nh cui cng
c to thnh bi cc phn mm nh 3D Max, 3D Viz M t im ca hnh
nh c biu th trn mn hnh bng m t pixel. M t pixel c qun l bi
cc thuc tnh nh v tr, mu sc V v y , m t hnh nh c kch thc hnh
hc cng ln th s pixel cng nhiu, ko theo yu cu nhiu ti nguyn ca
phn cng qun l thng tin. H qu l dung lng file cng ln, phn
mm s x l chm. Hnh raster thng c nhng u im c bn l: mu sc
v to hnh phong ph gn vi thc t.
Nguyn l ca hnh hc gii tch: hnh nh l th ca m t hm sy =
f(x). Da vo nguyn l ny s c hnh nh dng vector. y l dng hnh nh
c to ra bi phn mm nh REVIT MEP. M t hnh nh vector c qun
l bng m t hm s v m t vi thng s. Do , d kch thc hnh nh ln
hay nh cng khng nh hng nhiu n dung lung file. Hnh vector
thng c nhng c im : n sc, to hnh km phong ph so vi hnh
raster. C th to hnh phong ph hn, nhng v cn nhiu hm s ho c hm
Sinh
12
vin:
Phm
Ngc
Minh
My
&
TBNL
K50
n tt nghip
s b c cao nn dn n l dung lng file tng theo, nhng vn khng ln

bng hnh raster xt cng mt ni dung.
V y ngi lm thit k iu ha khng kh s dng lai phn mm no,
kt qu l hnh raster hay vector, cho cng vi c hng ngy ca mnh? Cu
tr li l c hai. C vector ln raster, ty thu c vo giai an no trong qu
trnh thit k. Trong qu trnh thit k cc khng gian chc nng, vector hiu
qu hn; qu trnh nghin cu vt liu v mu, raster hiu qu hn.
Bn cnh , ngoi nhng hnh nh thy c trn mn hnh l thng tin
hnh hc (graphic information), ngi lm thit k iu ha khng kh cn
cn n nhng thng tin khng phi l hnh nh gi l thng tin phi hnh hc
(non-graphic information) nh khi lng vt t, lu lng gi, tn tht p
sut trn tng on ng Nhng thng tin phi hnh hc gip cho qu trnh
chn cc thit b nh bm, qut chnh xc hn v c bit phc v tt cho
cng vic lin quan nh mt d n nh ti chnh, qun ld n
V d: hin nay Vit Nam, chng ta kh c mt d n no c th a ra
tng vn u t mt cch chnh xc. C nhiu nguyn nhn, nhng nguyn
nhn ch yu l khu thit k khng c mt cng c tnh ton khi lng thit
k mt cc nhanh chng v ng tin cy m hu nh da hon ton vo con
ngi. Nu ngi thit k s dng cc phn mm theo khuynh hng BIM
thit k th khi lng s c tnh ton mt cch t ng v hon ton chnh
xc theo nhng g xut hin trn mn hnh.
b) Cc phn mm ca hng AutoDesk cho ngnh iu ha khng kh
Trong nhng nm 90, AutoCAD l phn mm c ngi thit k kin
trc s dng ph bin nht khi thit k hnh hc vector v 3D Max khi thit
k hnh hc raster.
Nhn vo hin trng s dng ti Vit Nam, AutoCAD c s dng nh
l mt cng c v k thut. AutoCAD ch c ngha nh l Computer
Aided Drawing. Mt s ngi c kh nng lp trnh bng AutoLisp pht
Sinh
13
vin:
Phm
Ngc
Minh
My
&
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trin thm mt s lnh chuyn ngnh kn trc. Tuy nhin, s pht trin ny
cng khng th hn na v thiu nhng c sphp l mang tnh v m. iu
ny c th hin c th qua s vic l n nay Vit Nam vn cha c mt
quy chun v t tn Layer.
Thc t c th ni AutoCAD nh l mt phng mm ph thong, n c
th dung cho mi lnh vc thit k k thut, chnh v vy n khng c nhng
c tnh, nhng phn t c th ca bt k mt ngnh no. Vo cui nhng
nm 90 vi s pht trin mnh m ca ngnh xy dng, kin trc, kt cu v
cc ngnh km theo n l in dn dng, nc sinh hot, iu ha khng kh,
mt yu cu cp thit t ra l rt cn c nhng phn mm chuyn dng
phc v cho nhng ngnh ny. Chnh v vy hng AutoDesk cho ra b ba
phn mm:
AutoCAD Structure dnh ring cho thit k kt cu.
AutoCAD Architechtural dnh ring cho thit k kin trc.
AutoCAD Building System dnh ring cho ngi thit k iu ha
khng kh, in, nc. n nm 2008 th n c i tn thnh Auto CAD
MEP
(Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing).
B ba phn mm ny c dn trong ngnh n nhn nng nhit v h
thy rng y ng l phn mm CAD ng ngha. Ba phn mm l anh em
ca nhau, sau khi kin trc s dng AutoCAD Architechtural Desktop thit k
kin trc ri y qua cho cc k s in, nc, c kh thit k h thng ca
mnh trn m hnh y. Tuy nhin, cng s dng h cng thy thiu nhng
cng c cn thit. AutoDesk tip tc pht trin cho n phin bn 2006 c
xem nh l phin bn c s dng ph bin nht.
C ba phn mm c pht trin da trn nn ca phn AutoCad nhng
theo hng BIM (Building Information Modelling). Vi phn mm ny,
ngi thit k kin trc thay i hn cch lm vic ca mnh. H khng cn
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phi lm vic nh khi dng phn mm AutoCad (phng php lm vic nh

vi bt thc). H khng phi nghin cu i tng bng mt bng, mt
ng, mt ct m ch nghin cu hon ton trn hnh 3D. Tt c nhng
thng tin hnh hc nh mt bng, mt ng, mt ct . . . hay thng tin phi hnh
hc nh khi lng thit k, s lng vt t . . . u c trch xut t ng
t m hnh 3D.
Tuy nhin, do da trn nn AutoCAD nn chng c nhng hn ch nh chim
nhiu ti nguyn ca my tnh, c nhiu lnh phc tp, kh hiu, mt s chi
tit khng th v t ng C l rng, y chnh l nguyn nhn nhng
ngi thit k kin trc ca Vit Nam tuy thy c nhng li ch qu thit
thc ca h phn mm ny cho cng vic ca mnh, nhng s dng kh hn
ch.
n u nm 2006, vi phin bn 9 ca Revit Building, ngi thit k
kin trc trn th gii c mt cng c kh l tng cho cng vic hng
ngy ca mnh. Tuy l mt sn phm ca mt hng phn mm quen thuc l
AutoDesk, nhng ngi thit k kin trc Vit Nam rt t bit n. C nhiu
nguyn nhn, nhng c l nguyn nhn quan trng nht l khng n
mt trong nhng c s l lun quan trng Revit xut hin v nhn c s
n nhn nng nhit ca th gii l khuynh hng BIM trong ngnh cng
nghip xy dng.
Vi Revit MEP, ngi s dng khng cn phi hc AutoCAD, 3D
Max m ch cn bit nhng kin thc c bn tin hc l p ng c yu
cu hc.
Theo ca s thnh cng vi Revit Building, nm 2008 hng
AutoDesk tip tc hon thin Revit Building v i tn thnh Revit
Architechtural v tung ra hai phn mm cho lnh vc kt cu v in, nc,
iu ha khng kh l Revit Structure v Revit MEP.
2.1.3 Cc phn mm Revit
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a) Khuynh hng BIM trong ngnh cng nghip xy dng

BIM (Building Information Modeling - m hnh thng tin xy dng) l
mt khuynh hng ng i ca ngnh cng nghip xy dng ca mt s
quc gia m c th l M. y l mt hng i c tnh bt buc theo ngh
ca BOMA (Building Operater Manager Association - Hip hi nhng nh
vn hnh v qun l cng trnh xy dng). Trong thi i tin hc, nhng
ngi ca BOMA khng coi h s thit k ch c gi tr trong giai an xy
dng cng trnh m cn phi l mt vn kin c s qun l v vn hnh
cng trnh khi cng trnh c a vo hat ng. i vi h vic c mt h
s thit k l qu phc tp v phi cn n nhng kin thc chuyn mn ca
ngnh xy dng. V vy, h yu cu phi c mt m hnh 3D (h s d c v
d hiu hn) gn nhng thng tin cn thit vo , khi cn h s truy xut
nhng thng tin hoc t c nhng thng tin mi.
b) Cng ngh PBM
Cng ngh PBM (Parametric Building Model - M hnh cng trnh xy
dng c cha thng s) c AutoDesk a ra v gi l cng ngh th 3
phn bit vi cng ngh CAD (cng ngh th 1) v CAD Objects (cng ngh
th 2).
Vi cng ngh ny th mt gi gii php c AutoDesk a n cho
Revit phc v ngnnh thit k xy dng :
Revit Architecture l mt phn mm dng cho chuyn ngnh thit k
kin trc.
Revit Structure l phn mm thit k kt cu.
Revit MEP l phn mm thit k MEP (Mechanical, Electrical, and
Plumbing). Nn tng ca phn mm l s dng khuynh hng BIM
( Building Information Modeling - xy dng m hnh thng tin ) cng ngh
to ra mt m hnh 3D ca d n. Revit MEP l gii php thit k v xy
dng, ti liu hng dn cho k s c kh, in, iu ha khng kh. Revit
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MEP cung cp cc cng c v thnh phn hu ch khc gip chng ta thit

k cc h thng trong cc d n xy dng ca mnh.
Cc phn mm theo cng ngh th 1 v 2 nu mun lm vic c theo
gi gii php ny cn thng qua Revit. Cc phn mm dng Revit c kh
nng to hnh khi dng cng nh cc chi tit phong ph v linh ng hn
nhiu so vi cc phn mm CAD. Ngoi ra, khi s dng phn mm thuc
cng ngh PBM, nhng vic nh thng k khi lng (gch, xi mng, thp,
tn lm ng gi, ng nc, ming gi, AHU, FCU) s c phn mm t
ng sn sinh. H s thit k k thut c phn mm qun l mt cch cht
ch v chnh xc. V khng ch c vy, ngi s dng c c tt c nhng
thng tin hnh hc v phi hnh hc ca cng trnh ti bt thi im k ca qu
trnh xy dng. V nhng c im ny, mt s nh chuyn mn v xy dng
gi y l phn mm 4D (3D + chiu thi gian).
Bn cnh , Cc phn mm dng Revit l mt trong nhng phn mm
him hoi lm vic theo c hai nh dng nh vector v raster, tc x
lnhanh, chim dung lng a cng thp, ch cn c trnh tin hc cn bn
(nh Microsoft Word, chi nhng game n gin) ch khng cn bit s dng
AutoCAD. Khi s dng cc phn mm dng Revit, ngi thit k khng ch
c mt h s thit k k thut m cn c h s trnh din nh cc phi cnh
ni ngai tht cng trnh bt k gc no, ti bt k v tr a l no, vo
bt k thi im vo trong nm, cc an phim chuyn ng.
Cc phn mm ca hng AutoDesk c mt c im gi l Mid-Price
Software (phn mm gi trung bnh). C nhng phn mm c vi tnh nng
vt tri ca cc hng khc, nhng i vi hiu qu kinh t trong thit k th
AutoDesk vn c coi l s la chn hng u. n nay, cc phn mm
dng CAD c 17 phin bn c pht hnh trong sut qu trnh tn ti
ca mnh trong hn 20 nm. Cc phn mm dng Revit ch mi hnh thnh v
xut hin trong 4 nm gn y, nhng cng c n 4 phin bn tc l nm
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no cng c mt phin bn mi. Qua chng ta thy r gi tr thc ca cc

phn mm dng Revit ny trn th gii. c c cng mt kt qu, vic
hc tp s dng cc phn mm dng Revit ch chim 1/4 thi gian hc
cc phn mm khc. Ngoi ra vi cc phn mm dng Revit, nng sut lm
vic s tng t nht 400% i vi nhng ngi ang lm vic vi nhng phn
mm hin dung nh AutoCAD. Vic s dng cc phn mm dng Revit
Vit nam trong giai an hin nay v sp n cn c khuyn khch.
c) Yu cu phn cng
chy mt chng trnh phn mm bt k th my tnh lun lun phi
p ng c yu cu cu hnh ti thiu ca phn mm .Sau y em xin
a ra bng so snh yu cu v cu hnh ti thiu ca mt my tnh s
dng cc phn mm ha gii thiu trn cng vi h iu hnh
Window XP.
CPU
Ti
RAM
Ti
Revit
thiu
Intel
ngh
Intel
thiu
3GB,
MEP
Pentium CoreTM 1GB
2009
IV
Phn mm
1.4 2 Duo nu
HDD
Ti
VGA
Ti
ngh thiu
ngh
thiu ngh
4GB 3GB
4GB 256
512
MB
MB
5GB 256
512
MB
MB
5GB 128
256
GHz
2.4
khng
cn
cn
render
trng
trng
Revit
Intel
GHz
Intel
Architechtura
Pentium CoreTM
l 2009
IV
1.4 2 Duo 1GB
4GB 3GB
GHz
2.4
cn
cn
trng
trng
Revit
Intel
GHz
Intel
Structure
Pentium CoreTM
2009
IV
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GHz
2.4
cn
cn
trng
trng
AutoCAD
Intel
GHz
Intel
MEP
Pentium CoreTM
2009
IV
3.0 2 Duo 2GB
GHz
3GB 3GB
2.4
cn
GHz
MB
MB
5GB 128
256
cn
MB
MB
64
128
AutoCAD
Intel
trng
trng
750MB
2009
Pentium
cn
IV
2.2
1GB
trng
GHz
MB MB
Bng 2.1 bng so snh yu cu v cu hnh ti thiu ca mt my tnh
d) u im v nhc im Revit MEP
Bt c mt phn mm no cng c u im v khuyt im ring ca
n, vn l phn mm no c nhiu u im hn, v khuyt im ca chng
c khc phc c khng, khc phc ta phi lm th no, khi no ta dng
phn mm ny v lc no ta dng phn mm khc.
trn em cng nu ln mt mnh cng nh cc hn ch ca n.
Nhng thy r hn em xin tm tt v a ra bng so snh nhng u im
v khuyt im ca Revit MEP vi mt phn mm ha khc.
Revit MEP l mt phn mm thit k ha c sc ca hng AutoDesk.
Trong Revit MEP tch hp cc cng ngh v chc nng mi nht trong lnh
vc thit k.
Thit k hon ton theo tham s (Parametric). Qu trnh thit k c
thc hin theo quy trnh thun: Phc tho - M hnh - Tnh ton - Chnh sa Xut kt qu.
Tr gip thit k th vin, lp rp kt ni h thng t ng.
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L phn mm him hoi c cng ngh thit k thch nghi t ng xc nh

kch thc ca cc mi kt ni c th t ng thm khp ni hoc thay i
kch thc ph hp.
c xp hng u v tnh d s dng trong cc phn mm ha ni
ting hin nay. Hu ht cc thao tc c thc hin bng cch ko th, s
dng giao din Window chun, h thng tr gip hng dn hon ho.
s dng phn mm ngi k s khng cn bit AutoCAD hay cc
phn mm ha khc m ch cn k nng c bn v s dng my tnh.
Nhng phn mm i hi ngi k s phi c mt trnh chuyn mn tt
th mi thit lp ng cc thng s, ng cc h thng phn mm thc thi
v cho ra kt qu.
Sau y em xin a ra bn so snh tnh nng ca mt s phn mm
ha.
Revit MEP
AutoCAD MEP AutoCAD
Nh hn cng vi khi Nng hn vi Nng hn vi
Cu hnh
lng cng vic
cng khi lng cng khi lng
cng vic
cng vic
Rt trc quan, dng Kh trc quan, Km trc quan,
Trc quan, chut vi nhng biu dng chut vi dng dng lnh
kh
nng tng d hiu
nhng biu tng l ch yu, nhiu
s dng
d hiu. S dng dng lnh di v

c dng lnh
kh nh
Kh nng to hnh rt Kh nng to hnh Kh nng
To hnh
mnh, hnh a dng v rt yu
to
hnh rt km
phong ph
Rt mnh, c th pht kh mnh, c th
T
pht sinh mt ct cho bt k pht sinh mt ct
sinh
mt v tr no, bt k thi cho bt k v tr Khng th
ct
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Th
im no
vin Tng i nhiu, c Tng i nhiu, C nhiu nhng
sn c
To
c tnh thng minh
c c tnh thng ch
nhng
minh
block
Kh mnh
Khng th
th
vin thng Rt mnh

minh
Rt mnh, phn nh Phc tp, phn

Tnh
ton y cc yu t nh y cc Khng th
ti
Thng
khng gian, thi gian yu
khng
gian, thi gian

k Rt mnh, nhanh, chnh Kh tt
vt liu
xc, d thc hin
M phng Hnh
nh
tnh
lng,cc
tt,
Khng th
cht C th, cht lng C

to km, to chm
th,
cht
lng km, to
nhanh
chm
Rt mnh, cho ta nhng C th, cht lng C th,
cht
M phng thc phim p, phn km, rt nng
lng km, rt
ng
nng
nh c thng s thi
gian v khng gian thay
i
Kim
tra
h thng
Rt mnh
Cng ngh
Kh mnh
Khng th
BIM
C
Cng ngh
Khng c
thit
Khng c
Khng c
Khng th
Khng th
k C, rt mnh
tham s
Mi trng
lm
vic C, h tr mnh
tp th
M
hnh
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kin
trc Cn
3D
Ti
Cn
v ch dng v
2D
liu
tham kho Rt him

Tnh cht Cha ph bin
t
Cha ph bin
Rt nhiu
Rt ph bin
ph bin
( ti Vit Nam)
( ti Vit Nam)
( ti Vit Nam)
Bng 2.2 Bng so snh u v khuyt im ca cc phn mm
e) Nhn xt
Ta thy Revit MEP l mt phn mm mi, chnh v ra sau nn n tha
hng c hu ht cc u vit ng thi khc phc c nhng nhc im
ca phn mm c.
Cng do y l mt phn mm mi nn cc ti liu v Revit MEP cn rt
hn ch (ngay c ti liu bng ting anh) v ngi bit s dng n cn rt t
(ti Vit Nam). Tuy nhin, hin nay xu hng s dng phn mm ny l rt
cao. Tiu biu l trng i hc kin trc TP. HCM a chng trnh o
to mn ny vo chng trnh o to chnh. Khi ta truy cp cc website v
xy dng, kin trc, nhit lnh th cng thy cc din n trao i v phn
mm ny rt nng cn din n trao i v phn mm AutoCAD khng cn
c quan tm nhiu na.
Vy phn mm ny c th ng dng vo s dng ngay cha khi m cc
kin trc s cha s dng Revit thit k kin trc 3D, trong khi cc file
thit k kin trc hu ht vn l 2D. Nu p dng c th trong trng hp
no s em li hiu qu ti u, p dng c cn phi khc phc nhng g.
tr li cho cu hi trn ta nn phn tch mt s c im ca cc loi cng
trnh.
H thng kin trc, xy H
Cng trnh
Cao c, vn phng
Nh my, nh xng
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khng kh
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Rt ln, phc tp
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Bng 2.3 Bng phn tch mt s c im ca cc loi cng trnh

T nhng c im trn ta thy rng kh nng p dng ca phn mm
vo thit k vi cc loi cng trnh l rt ln v em li hiu qu cao. Vi
nhng h thng c kh phc tp, cc ng ng chng cht trong mt khng
gian cht hp th khng ai c th hnh dung ra trc c, v cng khng th
d ton c khi lng cng trnh, do mc tiu v kt qu rt m h kh
chnh xc. Khi s dng Revit MEP th mi chuyn c gii quyt n gin,
nhanh chng v chnh xc.
Vi mt k s nhit lnh khng c kin thc chuyn su v thit k kin
trc cng d dng dng c bn v kin trc 3D ca mt cng trnh t bn
v kin trc 2D khi s dng Revit MEP hay Revit Architechtural.
2.1.4 Mt s c im ca Revit MEP
a) Qun l
Bt c mt chi tit (Object) no ca hnh nh hin ln trn mn hnh u
phi c qun l bi nhiu ch th khc nhau. i vi ngi s dng vic
qun l v lm ch mt chi tit trn mn hnh l iu ti quan trng v cn
thit. Mi phn mm u c cch qun l khc nhau. Thng thng, ngi s
dng cc phn mm ha qun l Object bng Layer.
Revit MEP cung cp cho ngi s dng qun l Object theo thng qua
nhim v ca vt th , v d nh ca i, ca s, ming thi gi S lin h
gia cc vt th s c t ng thit lp cng ty thuc vo nhim v ca
chng, v d ca lun lun gn cht vi tng, nu khng c tng khng
bao gi ngi s dng c th b tr ca trong thit k ca mnh. Trong h
thng lin h , c mt chi tit lm ch (Host). S thay i ca Host s ko
theo s thay i ca cc thnh phn cn li, v d khi ta gn chi tit sn vo
chi tit cao , chi tit tng vo chi tit sn, nh vy khi cao thay i, th
chi tit sn cng thay i v chi tit tng cng thay i theo.
b) Biu hin
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S xut hin hay tm thi bin mt c thc hin d dng. Nhng chi
tit c th hin bng cc lai nt khc nhau trn nn trng. Mt vt th lun
lun c th hin c hnh 2D ln 3D d chng ta dng bt k hnh chiu
no lm vic. Hnh 3D ty thuc vo ngi s dng c th hin hnh bng
nguyn l Raster hay Vector.
Revit MEP cn gip ngi s dng th hin mc hin hnh ny ty
vo mc chi tit ca trnh by, v d d ta v mt ln, trn mt bng mt
on ng gi c v mc th (Coarse) ch c mt nt, nhng nu mc
trung bnh (Medium) hay mc chi tit (Fine) th ng s c r nhiu
ng.
c) Phng tin dng hnh
Revit MEP vn cung cp cho ngi s dng cc lai ng nh ng
thng, cung trn, t gic vung gc nh l nhng phng tin c bn
dng hnh. Cng ging vi cc phn mm AutoCAD, Revit MEP cho php
nhp to chnh xc. Nhng c mt im khc l Revit MEP cn cho php
lm vic vi mt phng lm vic (Work Plan) m khng bt buc ngi s
dng phi l thuc vo mt h ta no c.
d) Khi lng
Bt c lc no ngi s dng Revit MEP cng u c th bit c khi
lng chi tit c s dng trong d n. Kt hp vi gi tr kinh t c th,
gi thnh ca cng trnh c kim sot mt cch chnh xc, linh ng. iu
ny rt c gi tr i vi b phn qun l d n. V da trn nhng khi lng
chnh xc ny, tin thi cng, tin ti chnh, tin vt t s c mt c
s lp nn k hach ca mnh.
2.1.5 Mt s thut ng ca Revit MEP
a) Project
Trong Revit MEP, d n l c s d liu n l v thng tin dnh cho
thit k. File d n cha tt c cc thng tin dnh cho thit k cng trnh, t
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hnh hc n d liu xy dng. Thng tin ny bao gm nhng thnh phn

c dng thit k m hnh, nhng phi cnh ca d n (views of the
project) v nhng bn v ca thit k. Bng cch s dng mt file d n n
l, Revit MEP gip bn d dng thay i thit k v c nhng thay i c
phn nh trong tt c cc lnh vc c lin quan (s hnh chiu, hnh chiu
cao, hnh chiu mt ct, bng lit k). Ch cn 1 file theo di, gip
cho vic qun l d n d dng hn.
b) Levels
L nhng mt phng nm ngang v tn hot ng nh mt tham
chiu i vi nhng phn t mc ch th nh mi nh, sn nh, trn nh
Thng thng nhng levels dng xc nh chiu cao thng ng hoc tng
nh trong phm vi ta nh. Mt level cho 1 tng nh hoc tham chiu n cc
chi tit khc ca ta nh. to mt level, phi chuyn giao din v s
mt ct (section) hoc t hng quan st chun.
c) Element
Khi to mt d n, b sung nhng phn t xy dng thuc thng
s Revit MEP vo bng thit k. Revit MEP phn loi nhng element theo
phm tr (categories), h (families) v kiu (types).
d) Category
L mt nhm phn t c s dng lp m hnh hoc dn chng
mt bn v thit k cng trnh bng ti liu. Th d, phm tr ca nhng phn
t m hnh bao gm nhng bc tng v x, phm tr ca nhng ch thch
bao gm nhng th (tags) v li ch thch (text notes).
e) Family
L nhng loi phn t trong mt phm tr. Mt family tp hp nhng
phn t c chung nhng c tnh, s dng ging nhau v phn trnh by bng
ha tng t nhau. Nhng phn t khc nhau trong mt h c th c
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nhng gi tr khc nhau i vi mt s hoc tt c cc c tnh, nhng tp hp

nhng c tnh nh tn v ngha ca chng l ging nhau.
2.1.6 Giao din ca Revit MEP
Mt trong nhng im thun li ca Revit MEP l d s dng, c th l
giao din ngi s dng rt trc quan. Ca s Revit MEP sp xp hp l gip
vic thit k d dng. Thm ch nhng nt trn thanh cng c cng c gn
nhn, lm cho ngi dng d dng hiu c tng nt tng trng cho iu
g. Revit MEP s dng nhng quy c Microsoft Windows chun. Giao din
ca Revit MEP tng t nh giao din ca phn mm Microsoft Word. C 9
thnh phn cu to nn giao din ca Revit MEP gm : Menu, Tool Bar,
Option Bar, Type Selector, Design bar, Project Browser, Status Bar, View
Control Bar v Drawing Area.
Sau y em xin gii thiu khi qut chc nng, cng c ca tng thnh
phn. Ch khi no hiu r v cc thnh phn ny cng vi cch thc lm vic
ca phn mm th ta mi c th lm vic vi n mt cch hiu qu nht.
Khi bn to mt d n, revit s m ra mt giao din nh sau:
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Hnh 2.1 Giao din ca phn mm ha Revit MEP

Phn trnh by sau gii thiu nhng thanh cng c v thanh lnh chnh
trong giao din.
a) Menu
Hnh 2.2 Menu

Gm c 9 ct lnh, bn trong cc ct lnh cha cc lnh c ghi bng
ch. Cu trc ny tng t nh chng trnh Microsoft Word hay Excel (v
d cc ct lnh File, Edit, Window, Help). T cc ct lnh ny, ngi s dng
c th truy nhp gn nh ton b cc lnh.
b)Tool bar
Hnh 2.3 Tool bar

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y l ni cha cc nhm lnh nh l nhng cng c thi cng trong

cng trng xy dng. Nu bit qua AutoCAD th ngi s dng s cm
thy quen thuc. Tuy nhin, so vi AutoCAD th nhm Tool Bar ca phn
mm Revit MEP c ni dung hot ng phong ph v chuyn dng hn rt
nhiu.
c) Option bar
Hnh 2.4 Option bar

Sau khi chn c lnh th y l ni chn cc c tnh ca cc chi tit
kin trc m ta mun a vo cng trnh. Ty theo lnh m ta s lm vic i
vi i tng no m s c c tnh tng ng hin th cho mnh chn, trn
hnh 2.4 l hnh ca option bar khi ta chn lnh v ng gi (duct).
d) Type selector
Hnh 2.5 Type selector

L ni chn s khc nhau (nh kch thuc, chng lai) cho mi t
hp chi tit, thit b (nh VAV, AHU ) m ngi s dng mun a vo
thit k ca mnh. Nhng c tnh ca mi t hp nh vy c gi l
Properties.
e) Design bar
y l ni th 3 m ngi s dng c th s dng truy nhp gn nh
cc lnh chn la cc thnh phn ca mt cng trnh v c phn chia
thnh nhiu nhm.
Basic
View
Architechtural
Drafting
Rendering
Massing
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Cung cp cc cng c thit k c bn

Cung cp cc cng c iu khin mn hnh
Cung cp cc cng c thit k kin trc
Cung cp cc cng c v phc tho
Cung cp cc cng c to camera, pht sinh raster
Cung cp cc cng c to chi tit khng c tiu chun
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Room and Area

Structural
Construction
Mechanical
Electrical
Piping
Plumbing
Fine Protection
Cc cng c gn tn phng, din tch

Cc cng c v kt cu
Cung cp cc cng c v h thng ng gi
Cung cp cc cng c v h thng in
Cung cp cc cng c v h thng ng nc lnh, nng
Cung cp cc cng c v h thng nc sinh hot
Cung cp cc cng c v h thng phng chy, cha chy
Hnh 2.6 Design bar

Cc nhm lnh thng xuyn s dng cho ngnh iu ha khng kh l:
Basic, view, mechanical, piping, rendering.
Chng ta c th cho hin ln hay tm thi mt i cc nhm lnh ty
bng cch a chut vo bt k mt nhm no vo Click phi v chn.
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f) Project Browser
Hnh 2.7 Project Browser

Project Browser c t chc theo hnh thc tng bc v l ni cha tt
c nhng thng tin cng nh kt qu lm vic. Sau khi khi ng chng
trnh, trong Project c mc nh gm 4 phn: View, family, group, revit
link.
Trong View c t chc, mt cch mc nh bi phn mm, thnh 4
thnh phn trong bc khi u gm: Floor Plans - cha tt c cc file mt
bng sn ca cng trnh, Ceiling Plan - cha tt c cc file mt bng trn ca
cng trnh, 3D Views - cha cc file m hnh 3D, Elevations - cha cc file
mt ng ca cng trnh. Trong qu trnh lm vic, nu ngi s dng cn
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thit phi sn sinh ra cc hnh phi cnh, cc mt ct th chng trnh s t

ng sinh ra cc th mc 3D, Sections thuc th mc View.
g) Status Bar
Hnh 2.8 Status Bar
Cc hat ng cn thit trong qu trnh lm vic ca ngi s dng c
nhc nh ti y. Tng t nh dng Command Lines ca AutoCAD.
h) View Control Bar
Hnh 2.9 View Control Bar
y l ni iu khin nhanh t l, cht lng hnh nh, kiu hin th
hnh nh
i) Drawing Area
Hnh 2.10 Drawing Area

y l ni lm vic ch yu ca ngi s dng. Ty thuc vo s iu
khin ca ngi s dng i vi Project Browser m khu vc ny s c
nhng hnh vector nh: mt bng (trt, lu 1, lu 2), mt ng, mt ct
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hoc raster nh: phi cnh cng trnh c gn vt liu di nh sng mt

tri, ni tht cng trnh vi c v chiu sng nhn to.
2.2 TNG QUAN V TRACE 700
2.2.1 Lch s ca Trane

Ging nh chuyn c tch, nhng cu chuyn thnh cng ca James
Trane l mt cu chuyn c tht. James Trane, mt ngi nhp c ca Na Uy
khai trng ca hng ng nc ring ca mnh vo nm 1885. Vi ngun
cm hng ca ma ng lnh ti bang Wisconsin nc M, James Trane pht
minh ra mt h thng si m p lc mi, ng t ho c gi l Trane h
thng si hi. Sau con trai ca ng, Reuben, vi bng k s c kh
cng cha bt u hot ng sn xut nm 1910 v t chc thnh Cng ty
Trane nm 1913. Hin nay, Trane l mt trong nhng nh nghin cu, sn
xut v kinh doanh hng u ca th gii v thit b iu ho khng kh v h
thng iu khin t ng vi hn 350 c s bao gm cc chi nhnh, vn
phng v cc nh my sn xut thit b hin din hn ti hn 100 quc gia
khp ton cu vi doanh s ln n hn 6 t USD.
Trong sut qu trnh hot ng v pht trin ca mnh, vi i ng k s
chuyn nghip c hun luyn v o to theo cc chng trnh o to
chuyn su ca TRANE ti M, vi phng chm cht lng - phc v - i
mi cng ngh, c rt nhiu sn phm c pht minh u tin bi hng
TRANE v l nhng im mc trong lch s ngnh iu ha khng kh.
My lnh ly tm 3 cp kiu kn truyn ng trc tip vi tc vng
quay my nn thp nht (3000v/ph) l gii php ti u cho cc cng trnh tit
kim nng lng vi hiu sut cao nht, n thp v nhiu tin ch v iu
khin v kt ni. Cng sut lnh: 400-2950 Tn lnh.
My lnh ly tm gii nhit nc cng sut ln trn 400 Tn lnh n
3000 Tn lnh.
My lnh trung tm loi trc vt gii nhit bng gi v gii nhit nc.
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My nn xon c cng sut tm trung gii nhit gi v nc.

H thng iu khin vi x l thng minh qun l v tit kim nng
lng.
Cc dng my dnh cho thng mi v cng nghip cng nh cng ngh
phng sch (Clean Room), Data Center, sn bay...
Ti Vit Nam, Trane l mt thng hiu hng u v iu ha khng
kh ti min Nam Vit Nam t nhng nm trc 1975. Sau khi M bi b lnh
cm vn, Cng ty Trane tr li Vit Nam vi vn phng ai din u tin
ti thnh ph H Ch Minh nm 1996 v tip l vn phng th hai ti H
Ni vo nm 1998. C hai vn phng ny hin ang lm cng tc nghin cu
th trng, tip xc thng mi, tn hiu cc i tc, xy dng mng li phn
phi khp c nc bao gm cc i l, cng ty xy dng, nh thu, v cc
cng ty cung cp dch v c in lnh. g cht lng u vit cho cc my lnh
dn dng loi treo tng v treo trn, my lnh cng nghip c hiu sut v
bn cao rt cao, hot ng m v bn b nht trn th gii, cc sn phm
Trane chinh phc c nhiu cng trnh quan trng, c uy tn khp c nc
nh sn bay quc t Tn Sn Nht v sn bay Ni Bi, khch sn Deawoo H
ni, khch sn New World, siu th Trng Tin Plaza-H Ni, nh my dc
phm OPV, bnh vin dn lp Triu An, Dinh Thng Nht, ta nh tng lnh
s qun Hoa K, nh thi u a nng ng Thp, nh thi u a nng Vng
Tu, nh my Canon H Ni, thp i Vincom City H Ni, Hng Vng
Plaza HCMC, Vinpearl Nha Trang Resort and Spa, BIDV Tower Hanoi,
Khch sn Sheraton Nha Trang...
Chnh s v m bo c cht lng sn phm ca mnh ng thi p
ng c nhu cu ca khch hng, Trane tr thnh nh cung cp gii php ti
u ca ngnh cng nghip iu ha khng kh ti Vit Nam.
i vi ngi lm thit k iu ha khng kh, cc phn mm h tr cho
vic tnh ton thit k ca hng Trane l kh quen thuc. Trong sut qu trnh
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pht trin ca mnh, Trane cho ra rt nhiu phn mm nh: Trace 700,
System Analyzer, Trane Pipe Designer, Vari Trane Duct Designer... Tiu biu
v ang ph bin nht hin nay l phn mm Trace 700. y l mt phn
mm ra i t rt lu nhng ti sao n by gi vn cn c ng dng rt l
ph bin, n em li cho ngi thit k li ch g, n vt tri hn nhng
phn mm khc im no.
2.2.2 Mt s c im ca Trace 700
S pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin mang li cho vic tnh ton thit
k iu ha khng kh ni ring nhng kh nng v cng ln. Vi cng vic
tnh ton th cng, ta phi tra bng v th mt rt nhiu thi gian,nhng khi
ta s dng nhng phn mm c lp trnh sn th kt qu t c rt nhanh
chng v chnh xc, v d nh phn mm Trace 700 ca Trane hay Hap ca
Daikin Mc d phn mm c mnh nhng chng ch l nhng cng c, vi
mt k s mun s dng phn mm mt cch ti u nht th phi lm vng
c s l thuyt ca ngnh, phi bit cch tnh ng nhng bi ton chuyn
ngnh ca mnh v phi bit kt hp nhng kin thc mnh c vo trong phn
mm.
C th trong qu trnh hc tp hoc cng tc chng ta c th tip xc vi
phn mm Trace 700, vy phn mm ny l g, n c nhng tnh nng v tc
dng th no i vi ngi trong ngnh iu ha khng kh ca chng ta. Sau
y em xin trnh by mt ci nhn tng quan v cc tnh nng ca phn mm
ny.
Trace 700 l mt trong nhng sn phm ca hng TRANE - chuyn sn
xut cc thit b iu ha khng kh (t my 2 cc n cc my Chiller vi
cng sut lnh 3000RT). Trace 700 l phn mm hon chnh v tnh ton ti
lnh, in nng tiu th v phn tch so snh tnh kinh t ca h thng.
Trace 700 l mt phn mm phn tch v thit k ti lnh ( HVAC load
design & analysis software) c gii thiu u tin vo nm 1972. Phn
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mm gip cc chuyn gia thit k HVAC ti u ha cng vic thit k h

thng si m, h thng thng gi v h thng iu ha khng kh ca mt
ta nh, da trn vic s dng nng lng v tun theo cc tiu chun quc t.
Trace 700 cng l mt trong nhng gii php gip ngi thit k cng
nh thi cng c th tnh ton mt cch chnh xc cc thng s cn thit trong
d n, tnh nng ca phn mm ny chia lm 2 nhm chnh:
Tnh ton ti lnh cho nhng cng trnh iu ha Khng kh.
Tnh ton v phn tch nng lng tiu th v chi ph tn km cho hot
ng ca cng trnh cng nh tnh ton cc thng s lin quan n kinh t ca
cng trnh.
Trace700 l phn mm c tnh m rt ln, c ngha l chng ta hon ton
c th can thip vo cc thng s c trong th vin km theo ca phn
mm ny. Nh to tnh a nng rt nhiu cho ngi s dng hon ton c
th ty bin thm bt nhng th vin mi nh kho th vin thi tit ty theo
mnh, thay i hay to thm cc loi vt liu mi ph hp vi cng trnh
mnh ang s dng...
Phn mm c i hc IOWA M nghin cu v kim nghim tnh
chnh xc ca phn mm.
Phn mm c xy dng da trn tiu chun ASHRAE Standard 1402004 (ver 6.2) v lin tc c cp nht nhng thng tin mi t cc nh
nghin cu l thnh vin ca Trane.
Qu trnh lm vic ca Trace 700 l mt qu trnh lm vic lin tc c
phn nh thng qua nm giai on. Mi mt giai on c chc nng v nhim
v c th nhng u phi cung cp mt cch y cc phn tch v nng
lng v kinh t.
Gian on u tin c tn gi l giai on np: Nhim v ca giai on
ny l thuy thp mi thng tin, d liu thng thng m t nh hng, v tr,
v xy dng cng trnh. N nh l mt h s ca ta nh, bao gm cc yu t
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cn thit cho vic thit k iu ha khng kh nh iu kin thi tit, hng

xoay ca ta nh v n mang tnh bt buc.
Giai on ln th hai ca chng trnh l giai on thit k. Giai on c
nhim v l thnh lp m hnh ti xy dng ng vi cc iu kin thit k.
Mc tiu ca giai on thit k bao gm to ra h thng iu ha khng kh
Chng trnh ny sau s xc nh thit k ti lm mt, si m, s lng
ming thi khng kh, tng s lng khng kh cn cung cp cho cng trnh.
Giai on ln tip theo ca chng trnh l giai on m phng h
thng. chc nng quan trng trong giai on ny l xy dng ng dn
lung khng kh ca mi h thng v xc nh tn tht ca h thng trang
thit b. u ra cui cng t giai on m phng h thng c ni tip vi
h thng thit b m phng.
Giai on th t l giai on m phng thit b .Cc chc nng thit yu
ca giai on m phng thit b l dch cc thng tin do h thng thit b
trong giai on ba thnh nhng thng tin tiu th nng lng ca h thng.
Thng tin ny c c s dng chuyn ti vo h thng tiu th nng
lng a n giai on phn tch kinh t.
Giai on ln tip theo v cui cng ca chng trnh l giai on phn
tch kinh t. Giai on ny s a ra d liu chi ph ci t h thng cng vi
cc thng tin kinh t khc nh chi ph vn tnh ton chi ph hng nm s
hu v iu hnh h thng. Giai on ny cn xc nh bao nhiu chi ph
vn hnh mt h thng so vi cc h thng khc.
2.2.3 Mt s thut ng ca Trace 700
Trace 700 chy trn nn Windows, c th tnh ton sut theo 8760 gi
trong nm hay rt gn li, c nhiu h thng phn phi gi (airside systems) ,
h thng thit b chnh (plants) c xy dng trc v c th hiu chnh
li theo yu cu ngi s dng, cc thit b ny c th p dng cho mi nh
sn xut.
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Plants: H thng thit b cn thit to nn h thng iu ha khng

kh ca ta nh. Plants l thit b c kh tiu th in nng x l v a
khng kh qua x l vo ta nh.
Bao gm:
- Air Cooled Chiller
- Electric Resistance Heat
- Air Cooled Unitary A/C
- Gas Fired Heat Exchanger
- Water Cooled Chiller
- Air Cooled Condenser
- Water Cooled Unitary A/C
- Cooling Tower
- Water Source Heat pump
- Pump
- Boiler
- Thermal Storage
AirSide System: H thng phn phi gi thng thng c lm bng

ng tn v cc b phn lp khc nh ming gi.. dng nh hng gi t
AHU trung tm n mt hay nhiu khng gian iu ha. Trace 700 c sn 30
kiu h thng phn phi gi v c chia thnh 4 nhm: variable volume (lu
lng thay i), constant volume (lu lng khng i), heating only (si)
v induction ( ). Hnh di m t mt h thng phn phi gi bao gm
AHU trung tm, h thng ng dn gi cp gi vo khng gian cn iu
ha.
Hnh 2.11 H thng phn phi gi

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Room: L n v khng gian cn iu ha nh nht cn tnh ton ti

nhit. N l mt khng gian c bao quanh bi sn, tng v trn. Vic to
ra room l bc u tin tnh ton thit k ti lnh.
Zone: Bao gm 1 hay nhiu phng (room) gp li v zone to thnh cc
khu vc cn iu khin khc nhau trong ta nh.
System: Bao gm nhiu zone v room to thnh.
Ngoi ra cn c mt s thut ng khc nh Wall (tng bao), Roof (mi)
l cc b mt bao che (bao gm c ca s, c th l mi bng hoc nghing)
tip xc trc tip vi mi trng bn ngoi v c xc nh bng 2 thng s
l Roof Pitch ( nghing mi) v Roof Direction (hng ca mi). Partition
(vch ngn) l cc vch ngn bn trong khi c chnh lch nhit vi khng
gian bn cnh.
2.2.4 Giao din ca Trace 700
Di y l hnh m t cu trc ca chng trnh. V y cng chnh l
mn hnh mc nh ca Trace 700 khi chng ta m chng trnh. Chng ta s
thc hin cc bc ca phn thit k tnh ton ti lnh trc v sau s nhp
s liu tip cho phn tnh ton in nng v phn tch kinh t.
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Hnh 2.12 Giao din chnh ca Trace 700

bt u mt d n, chng ta lun lun phi c nhng thng tin ban
u cn thit ca mt cng trnh m chng ta cn tnh ton thit k d dng
cho vic qun l sau ny. Phn thng tin d n s gip chng ta lm cng vic
ny mt cch n gin. Tt c cc thng tin chng ta nhp vo phn ny s
c hin th v in ra trong trang tiu ca d n ( Title page ) v tm tt
kinh t (Economics Summary) sau ny.
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Hnh 2.13 Thng tin d n

Bc tip theo ta s phi la chn d liu thi tit cho cng trnh. y l
mt phn tng i phc tp v phn mm khng c sn d liu thi tit ca
Vit Nam nn ta phi t cp nht thm vo cho phn mm.
Hnh 2.14 Cp nht thi tit

Bc th ba l ta nhp thng s cho phn templates. y l mt trong
nhng im khc bit ca Trace 700 so vi HAP hay Heat Load, nh tnh
nng ny cc bn c th rt ngn kh nhiu thi gian nhp liu cho cng trnh
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ln c nhiu phng nh trong , khi thay i thng s cng rt d dng qun

l hn vi tnh nng ny. Templates ca phng s bao gm kt cu
(construction), nhit (thermostat), l lng gi (airflow) v cc ngun
nhit (internal Loads). Do mi loi khng gian cn iu ha (vn phngoffice areas, snh-hallway ereas, phng hi tho-conference room) s c
cc mu ring cho mnh.
Cc templates th hin hnh bn di c dng cho khi khu vc vn
phng (Office) ca ta nh.
Hnh 2.15 Templates

Bc bn l to cc phng ring bit (Create Rooms). Phn ny a
vo thng s chi tit cho tng phng nh l din tch phng, tng bao, vch
ngn ( partition), king, hng cng trnh...
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Hnh 2.16 Create rooms

Bc tip theo l la chn h thng gi (Create systems). Phn ny cc
bn cn xc nh s b xem cng trnh ca mnh cn s dng h thng loi
no th ph hp: FCU, AHU, Terminal Reheat, VAV Box...
Hnh 2.17 Create systems

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Bc 6: a cc phng vo h thng phn phi gi ph hp. Ht 6 bc

ny th hon thnh phn nhp d liu cho phn mm Trace 700.
Hnh 2.18 Assign rooms to systems

Ba bc tip theo pha di ln lt l bc 7 (Create Plants) to h
thng phng my. Bc 8 (Assign systems to plants) a h thng phn phi
gi ph hp vo t hp hon chnh . Bc 9 (Define Economics) nh ngha
cc thng s v kinh t nh gi in, gi nc, thi gian biu hot ng, chi
ph u t cng trnh, thit by l hai phn ring bit ca phn mm.
Ngay khi nhp xong d liu ca 6 bc u tin ny cc bn c th i xung
bc cui cng ( Culculate and view results) cho chy phn mm m
khng cn nhp liu cho ba bc pha trn.
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Hnh 2.19 Culculate and view results

2.2.5 u, nhc im ca Trace 700
Cng ging nh Revit MEP, Trace 700 cng c nhng im mnh v
im yu ca mnh. Nh em ni trn, Trace 700 l mt phn mm c tnh
m rt ln, chng ta c th can thip vo cc thng s c trong th vin
ca phn mm nh thi tit
i tng m c th s dng c phn mm ny l rt ln. T nhng
sinh vin i hc cho n cc k s, kin trc s, v cc nh thu thit k
v phn tch h thng thng mi HVAC. Cc nh t vn v cc cng ty nng
lng, nh nghin cu cng ngh xy dng, tiu bang v lin bang, cc
trng cao ng v i hc cng thy c tnh hu ch ca Trace 700.
Nn tng my tnh chy tt phn mm ny cng khng qu ln.My
tnh c nhn vi mt b x l Pentium IV hoc cao hn, h iu hnh
Microsoft Windows 95/98/2000 /XP, RAM 128 megabyte, 80 MB ca khng
gian trng HDD, Super VGA mn hnh.
D s dng, linh hot, c th xut nhp d liu cho CAD, phn tch v
cho kt qu nh PDF, word hay excel. Phn mm cho php bn nhp thng tin
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mt phng, khi c thay i thng tin hoc chnh sa bn mu th phn mm s

cp nht thay i cho cc phng lin quan.
Th vin ca Trace 700 c cha tham s thit k chung cho vt liu xy
dng, thit b, c s tin ch, thi tit, v lp k hoch, rt a dng v phong
ph. Th vin bao gm hn hn 40 h thng phn phi khng kh, v mt lot
HVAC ca thit b v ph kin.
Kh nng m hnh ha kh nng mnh m th hin vic i din cho
cc cu hnh thi tit kh hu, cao, v thi gian cc khu ca hn 500 thnh
ph trn ton cu. M hnh h thng truyn thng HVAC bao gm rt nhiu
chng loi mu chillers, thit b n nht, ni hi, si m v my bm nhit
a nhit. Mu thng gi lung khng kh da trn yu cu ca tiu chun
ASHRAE
u im vt tri ca Trace 700 l c th tnh ti cho phng c hnh
dng bt k v khi s lng phng qu ln th s khng mt nhiu thi gian
cho vic nhp thng s cho cc phng ny.
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CHNG 3 TNH CN BNG NHIT M

C rt nhiu phng php tnh cn bng nhit m khc nhau xc nh
nng sut lnh yu cu khc nhau nh phng php h s nhit m tha
(phng php truyn thng) v phng php h s nhit hin (phng php
Carrier). Trong mi phng php khi nim v nhit tha v m tha u
khng ging nhau.
Phng php h s nhit m tha tin hnh trn th I-d.Trong phng
php ny khng tnh thnh phn do gi ti ch ng cp vo phng nm
trong nhit tha v m tha, m thnh phn ny s c tnh vo cho im
ha trn.
Phng php Carrier tin hnh trn th d-t (m Carrier) ca khng
kh m theo Carrier. Phng php ny coi ton b nhit (bao gm nhit hin
v nhit n) a trc tip vo phng (do lt hoc do cp ch ng trc tip
vo phng hoc qua bung ha trn) u l nhit tha v m tha.
Tuy nhin 2 phng php ny cho ra kt qu khng khc nhau l my, ta
c th chn bt k phng php no cng c. Phng php Carrier rt
thch hp cho vic tnh ton iu ha tin nghi i vi cc cng trnh l cc
ta nh cao tng nn em chn tnh cn bng nhit m theo phng php
Carrier.
3.1 LA CHN THNG S TNH TON, CP IU HA KHNG KH
Theo mc quan trng ca cng trnh, HKK c chia lm 3 cp.

i vi hu ht cc cng trnh dn dng nh khch sn, vn phng, nh ,
siu th... ch cn chn HKK cp 3. Do y l cng trnh siu th, cc yu
cu v m v nhit khng qu kht khe nn em chn h thng HKK
cp 3 tnh ton thit k.
Cng trnh c v tr ti Thi Nguyn nn em chn cc thng s tnh ton:
Tra bng 1.7[1], chn thng s ngoi tri l: tN = 32,8 oC, N = 64%.
Tra bng 1.1[1], chn thng s trong nh l: tT = 240C, T = 65%.
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3.2 TNH NHIT HIN THA V NHIT N THA

3.2.1 Nhit hin bc x qua knh Q11
Nhit bc x qua knh:
Q11 = nt . Q11 , W
nt - h s tc dng tc thi. Tra bng 4.6[1].
Q11 - lng nhit bc x tc thi qua knh vo phng.
(3.1)
Chn knh khc c bn, c rm che bn trong nn lng nhit bc x tc

thi c tnh theo cng thc (vi h s mt tri r = 1):
Q11 = F.RK. c..ds..mm..kh. m , W
F - din tch knh, m2.
RK - bc x mt tri qua knh vo trong phng, W/m2.
RK = [0,4.k + k.( m + m + k.k + 0,4.k.m)].RN
RN - bc x mt tri n bn ngoi knh, W/m2.
R
RN = T
0,88
RT - bc x mt tri qua knh vo trong phng. Vi h thng
(3.2)
(3.3)
(3.4)
iu ha
hot ng t 24/24h c th ly RT theo RTmax trong bng 4.2[1] vi 30 v

Bc.
k, k, k, - h s hp th, xuyn qua, phn x ca knh.
y l mt cng trnh siu th cc mt ca cng trnh c s dng
nhng tm p phch qung co rt ln. Do em coi chng nh l nhng tm
mn che. k, k, k, - h s hp th, xuyn qua, phn x ca mn che.
Tra bng 4.3[1] vi knh trong, phng, dy 6mm: k = 0,15; k = 0,08;
k = 0,77.
Tra bng 4.4[1] ta c m = 0,37; m = 0,51; m = 0,12.
c - h s nh hng ca cao so vi mt nc bin. cao ca Thi
Nguyn so vi mt nc bin l H= 100 m.
c 1 H .0,023
(3.5)
1000
c = 1,0023
ds - h s k n nh hng ca chnh nhit ng sng ca
khng kh quan st so vi nhit ng sng ca khng kh trn mt nc

bin l 200C.
ds 1
tS 20 .0,13
Phm
Ngc
(3.6)
10
Tra th I - d, vi tN = 32,8 0C, N = 64% ts = 25,090C.
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ds 1
25,09 20
.0,13 = 0,93
10
mm - h s k n nh hng my m, khi tri c my mm= 0,85.
kh - h s k n nh hng ca khung, khung kim loi kh= 1,17.
m - h s knh, tra bng 4.3[1] vi knh trong, phng, dy 6mm m= 0,94.
Kt qu tnh ton nhit bc x qua knh ca tng 1v tng 2 c th
hin trong bng 3.1 v bng 3.2..
Bng 3.1. Nhit bc x qua knh Q11 theo din tch knh ca tng 1
Bng 3.2. Nhit bc x qua knh Q11 theo din tch knh ca tng 2
Kt qu tnh ton nhit bc x qua knh ca cc tng c th hin trong
bng 3.3.
Bng 3.3. Nhit bc x qua knh Q11 theo din tch knh ca cc tng
3.2.2 Nhit hin truyn qua mi bng bc x v do t, Q21
Dng nhit i vo khng gian iu ha do s tch nhit ca kt cu mi
v do chnh nhit ca khng kh gia bn ngoi v bn trong. Lng
nhit ny c xc nh gn ng theo biu thc:
Q21= k.F.t, W
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(3.7)
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k - h s truyn nhit qua mi.

t - hiu nhit tng ng.
F - din tch trn, m2.
Trong cng trnh do em khng lm iu ha khng kh cho tng 3 nn
ch c tng 2 l c trn tip xc trc tip vi bc x mt tri.
Din tch trn c cc gian hng tng 3 bao che khng tip xc trc tip
vi bc x mt tri c F= 1632 m 2 v c k tra theo bng 4.15[1] vi trn
btng dy 100 mm lp va trn dy 25 mm, k = 3,07.
t - hiu nhit tng ng.
t 0,5.(t N tT )
(3.8)
t = 0,5.(32,8 24) = 4,4 K
Din tch trn tip xc trc tip vi bc x mt tri c F= 2219 m 2 th k

tra theo bng 4.9[1] trn btng dy 100 mm lp va trn dy 25 mm, k =
1,77.
t (t N tT )
RN
S .R N
N
(3.9)
RT
- bc x mt tri n mi nh, tra bng 4.2[1] vi 30 v
0.88
Bc, mt nm ngang, c gi tr ln nht l vo thng 6 : RT = 789 W/m2.

s - h s hp th bc x mt tri, tra bng 4.10[1], chn mt btng
nhn phng s = 0,65.
N - h s ta nhit pha ngoi tng khi tip xc trc tip khng kh
bn ngoi, N = 20 W/m2K.
t = 37,94 K
Nhit truyn qua mi ca tng 2 l:
Q21 = 3,07.1632.4,4 + 1,77.2219.37,94 = 171059 W
Nhit hin truyn qua mi c tnh bng 3.4.
Bng 3.4 Nhit hin truyn qua mi Q21 theo din tch trn
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3.2.3 Nhit hin truyn qua vch Q22

Nhit hin truyn qua vch gm 2 thnh phn:
- Do bc x mt tri vo tng, phn nhit ny coi bng khng khi tnh
ton.
- Do chnh lch gia nhit trong nh v ngoi tri : t = tN - tT
Q22 = Q22i = ki.Fi.t = Q22t + Q22c + Q22k , W
(3.10)
Q22i - nhit truyn qua tng, ca ra vo, ca s, W.
ki - h s truyn nhit tng ng ca tng, ca, W/m2K.
Fi - din tch tng, ca tng ng, m2.
Q22 - nhit truyn qua vch c tnh bng 3.9.
a) Nhit hin truyn qua tng Q22t
Q22t , W = kt . Ft . t , W
(3.11)
t - hiu nhit trong v ngoi nh.

t = tN - tT = 32,8- 24 = 8,8 K
kt - h s truyn nhit tng ng ca tng, W/m2K.
1
k
1 i 1 , W/m2K
(3.12)

N i T
N - h s ta nhit pha ngoi tng, N = 20 W/m2K.
T - h s ta nhit pha trong ta nh, T = 10 W/m2K.
i - dy lp vt liu th i ca cu trc tng, m.
i - h s dn nhit lp vt liu th i ca cu trc tng, W/mK.
Tra bng 4.11[1], gch thng thng xy vi va nng: = 0,81 W/mK,
va xi mng v va trt xi mng: = 0,93W/m2 K, granite: = 1,7 W/m2 K.
+ i vi tng dy 220 mm, trt va dy 10 mm, k=2,39 W/m2 K.
+ i vi tng dy 300 mm, trt va dy 10 mm, p bn ngoi dy
30 mm, k=2 W/m2 K.
30 mm, k=1,87 W/m2 K.
30 mm, k=1,78 W/m2 K.
Nhit hin truyn qua tng ca tng 1 c tnh bng 3.5.
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Bng 3.5 Nhit hin truyn qua tng Q22t ca tng 1

Nhit hin truyn qua tng ca tng 2 c tnh bng 3.6.
Bng 3.6 Nhit hin truyn qua tng Q22t ca tng 2

Nhit hin truyn qua tng ca cc tng c tnh bng 3.7.
Bng 3.7 Nhit hin truyn qua tng Q22t cho cc tng
b) Nhit hin truyn qua ca ra vo Q22c
Q22c = kc . Fc . t , W
(3.13)
t - hiu nhit trong v ngoi nh.

t = tN - tT = 32,8- 24 = 8,8 K
kc - h s truyn nhit ca ca knh, tra bng 4.13[1] knh hai lp,
khong cch gia hai lp knh l 5 mm, k = 3,35 W/m2K.
Nhit hin truyn qua ca knh c tnh bng 3.8.
Bng 3.8 Nhit hin truyn qua ca knh Q22c cho ca knh
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Bng 3.9 Nhit truyn qua vch Q22 cho cc tng

3.2.4 Nhit hin truyn qua nn Q23
Nhit truyn qua nn cng c tnh theo biu thc :
Q23 = k . F . t , W
(3.14)
F - din tch sn, m2

t - hiu nhit bn ngoi v bn trong,sn t trn mt t.
t = tN - tT = 32,8- 24 = 8,8 K
k - h s truyn nhit qua sn, ly k ca sn b tng 300mm c lt gch
vinyl dy 3mm, tra bng 4.15[1]: k = 2,15 W/m2K.
Nhit hin truyn qua nn c tnh theo bng 3.10.
Bng 3.10 Nhit hin truyn qua nn Q23 cho cc tng.

3.2.5 Nhit hin ta ra do n chiu sng Q31
Q31 = nt.n.Q , W
(3.15)
nt - h s tc dng tc thi ca n chiu sng, tra bng 4.8[1], chn g s
700 kg/m2sn, s gi sau khi bt n l 10h: nt = 0,87.
n - h s tc dng ng thi, ch p dng cho cc ta nh v cng trnh
iu ha khng kh ln. i vi siu th n = 1.
Q - tng nhit ta ra do chiu sng, ta s dng n dy tc, chn nh
hng theo tiu chun l 10 12 W/m2 sn.
Nhit hin ta do n chiu sng c tnh theo bng 3.11.
3.2.6 Nhit hin ta do my mc Q32
Nhit hin ta do my v dng c dng in nh tivi, radio, my tnh,
my sy, ... trong phng.
Q32 = Ni , W
Sinh
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(3.16)
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Ni - cng sut in ghi trn dng c, W. Do cng trnh bao gm cc gian

hng bun bn sn phm nn chn nh hng khong 20W/m2.
Nhit hin ta do my mc Q32 cc tng c tnh bng 3.11.
Bng 3.11 Nhit hin ta do my mc Q32 v ta do n chiu sng cc tng

3.2.7 Nhit hin v n do con ngi to ra Q4
a) Nhit hin do ngi ta Q4h
Q4h = n . qh , W
(3.17)
n - s ngi trong phng iu ha.
qh - nhit hin ta ra t 1 ngi, W/ngi. Tra bng 4.18[1], ni hot
ng l siu th, nhit phng l 240C, qh = 70 W/ngi.
Nhit hin ta ra do ngi c tnh theo bng 3.12.
b) Nhit n do ngi ta ra Q4a
Q4a = n . qa , W
(3.18)
n - s ngi trong phng iu ho.
qa - nhit n do 1 ngi to ra, tra bng 4.18[1], qa = 60 W/ngi.
Nhit n do ngi ta ra c tnh theo bng 3.12.
Bng 3.12 Nhit hin v n do ngi ta ra Q4 cc tng

3.2.8 Nhit hin v n do gi ti mang vo QhN v QN
a) Nhit hin do gi ti mang vo QhN
QhN = 1,2 . n . l . (tN - tT) , W
(3.19)
n - s ngi trong phng iu ha.

l - lng khng kh ti cn cho 1 ngi trong 1giy, l/s. Tra bng
4.19[1], l =7,5 l/s cho siu th.
t = (tN - tT) - hiu nhit ngoi v trong phng, t = 8,8 0C.
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b) Nhit n do gi ti mang vo QaN

QN = 3 . n . l (dN - dT ), W
(3.20)
dN, dT - m dung khng kh ngoi tri v trong phng.

Tra th : dN = 21,28 g/kg ; dT = 12,39 g/kg d= 8,89 g/kg.
Nhit hin v nhit n do gi ti mang vo QN c tnh bng 3.13.
Bng 3.13 Nhit hin v n do gi ti QN cc tng

3.2.9 Nhit hin v n do gi lt Q5h v Q5
a) Nhit hin do gi lt mang vo Q5h
Q5h = 0,39..V.( tN - tT) , W
(3.21)
b) Nhit n do gi lt mang vo Q5a

Q5a = 0,84 . . V (dN - dT) , W
(3.22)
V- th tch phng, m3. Th tch phng tnh nhit l th tch t mt nn

n trn gi, trn gi c chiu cao l 1m nn : V = (h - 1) . Fsn.
- h s kinh nghim, ph thuc th tch phng, tra bng 4.20[1].
Nhit hin v n do gi lt vo Q5 cc tng c tnh bng 3.14.
Bng 3.14 Tnh nhit hin v n do gi lt cc tng

3.2.10 Xc nh nng sut lnh Q0
Q0 = Qt = Qht + Qt
= Q11 + Q21 + Q22 + Q23 + Q31 + Q32 + Q4 + Q5 + QN (3.23)
Q0 - Ph ti lnh, kW.
Qht - Tng cc ngun nhit hin tha, kW.
Qt - Tng cc ngun nhit n tha, kW.
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Bng 3.15 Tnh ph ti lnh Q0 ca cc tng

CHNG 4 TNH TON & THNH LP S HKK
Do iu kin kh hu ti Vit Nam l nng nng v ma h, lnh gi v
ma ng kt hp vi thi quen ca ngi Vit Nam lun lun mc o m
trong nh vo ma ng v do yu cu ca ch u t, nn y em ch
thnh lp v tnh ton s HKK cho ma h.
Theo mc ch s dng ca cng trnh cn thit k HKK nn em chn
h thng iu ha tin nghi v chn tnh ton theo s tun hon 1 cp v
y l s tng i n gin, m bo c yu cu v sinh, vn hnh
khng phc tp. N rt ph hp v c s dung ph bin vi iu ha tin
nghi cho siu th, nh hng Ngoi ra s tun hon mt cp cn c u
im l tit kim nng lng v chi ph u t thit b, t em li hiu qu
kinh t cao.
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S nguyn l hthng
iu ha tun hon mt cp
1 Ca ly gi t i
2 Bung ha trn
3 Thit bx l nhit m
4 Qut gi cp
5 ng gi cp
6 Ming thi
7 Khng gian cn iu ha
8 Ming gi hi
9 ng gi hi
10 Lc bi
11 Qut gi hi
12 Ca thi gi hi
4.1 XC NH CC THNG S TNH TON
4.1.1 H s nhit hin phng RSHF, hf

hf =
Qhf
Qhf +Qf
(4.1)
Qhf - tng nhit hin ca phng (khng c nhit hin ca gi ti), W.

Qhf = Q11+ Q21+ Q22+ Q23+ Q31+ Q32+ Q4h
(4.2)
Qf, W - tng nhit n ca phng (khng c nhit n ca gi ti), W.

Qf = Q4
(4.3)
Bng 4.1 H s nhit hin phng hf

4.1.2 H s nhit hin tng GSHF, ht
ht =
Qh
Q
h
Qh +Q Q0
(4.4)
Qh - tng nhit hin ca phng (c k n nhit hin ca gi ti), W.

Qh = Q11+ Q21+ Q22+ Q23+ Q31+ Q32+ Q4h +Q5h+QhN
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(4.5)
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Q - tng nhit n ca phng (c k n nhit hin ca gi ti), W.

Q = Q4 +Q5+QN
(4.6)
Bng 4.2 H s nhit hin tng ht
4.1.3 H s i vng BF
BF =
GH
G
= H
G H +G O G
(4.7)
GH - lu lng khng kh i qua dn lnh nhng khng trao i nhit m
vi dn, kg/s.
GO - lu lng khng kh i qua dn lnh c trao i nhit m vi dn,
kg/s.
G - lu lng khng kh i qua dn lnh, kg/s.
Tra bng 4.22[1], ta c BF = 0,14.
4.1.4 H s nhit hin hiu dng ESHF, hef
hef =
Qhef
Q
= hef
Qhef +Qaef Qef
(4.8)
Qhef - nhit hin hiu dng ca phng, W.

Qhef = Qhf + BF .(Q5h+QhN)
(4.9)
Qef - nhit n hiu dng ca phng, W.

Qef = Qf + BF.(Q5+QN)
(4.10)
Bng 4.3 H s nhit hin hiu dng hef
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4.2 THNH LP S TUN HON 1 CP
Da vo th d - t ca Carrier, ta xc nh cc im nt trn s tun

hon 1 cp:
T(240C; 65%), N(32,80C; 64%), G(240C; 50%).
Qua T k ng song song vi G - hef ct ng =100% ti S, ta xc
nh c nhit ng sng tS.
Qua S k ng song song vi G ht ct ng NT ti H, ta xc nh
c im ha trn H.
Qua T k ng song song vi G - hf ct ng SH ti O. Khi b qua
tn tht nhit t qut gi v t ng ng gi ta c O trng vi V l im thi
vo.
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Bng 4.4 Thng s cc im nt ca s tun hon 1 cp cho cc tng

Lu lng khng kh qua dn lnh c xc nh bng biu thc:
L=
Qhef
1, 2.(t T - t S ).(1- e BF ) , l/s
(4.11)
tH - nhit khng kh trong phng, 0C.

tS - nhit ng sng, 0C.
Qhef - nhit hin hiu dng ca phng, W.
Nng sut lnh ca h thng iu ha khng kh tnh theo biu thc:
Q0 = .L.(IH - IV), kW
(4.12)
- khi lng ring khng kh, = 1,2 m3/kg.

IH - entanpy khng kh im ha trn H, IH, kJ/kg.
IV - entanpy khng kh im thi vo phng V, kJ/kg.
Ta c bng lu lng khng kh qua dn lnh v nng sut lnh ti cc
tng.
Bng 4.5 Lu lng khng kh qua dn lnh v nng sut lnh ti cc tng.
4.3 TNH TON BNG PHN MM TRACE 700
Cc thng s nhp vo phn mm Trace 700 bao gm din tch tng,

din tch knh bao quanh, din tch sn (Cc thng s ny cho mc 1.2
ca chng 1).
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Kt qu so snh ca phn mm Trace 700 c th hin bng 4.6 (Chi

tit xem ti ph lc 1).
Bng 4.6 Kt qu tnh ton ca phn mm Trace 700
* Nhn xt:
Gia kt qu tnh bng tay v kt qu tnh bng phn mm Trace 700 c
s chnh lch nhng s chnh lch ny l chp nhn c. L do dn n s
chnh lch ny l do:
- S khc nhau ca nhit khng kh bn ngoi tc ng vo khng
gian iu ha. phn mm Trace 700 th tN = 360C cn khi tnh ton bng tay
l tN = 32,80C.
- S khc nhau trong phng php tnh bng tay v phng php tnh
trong phn mm Trace 700. Trong khi phn mm Trace 700 vic tnh ton
c thc hin lin tc trong sut 8760 gi ca nm, cc h s hay chnh
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lch nhit lun thay i. Cn i vi phng php tnh bng tay th nhng
h s l lun lun l nhng gi tr khng thay i.
CHNG 5 LA CHN H THNG IU HA KHNG KH V

CHN MY CHO CNG TRNH
5.1 LA CHN H THNG IU HA KHNG KH
Ngy nay, trn th gii h thng iu ha khng kh rt phong ph v a

dng, nh l h thng kiu cc b, h thng kiu trung tm nc, kiu VRV
Nhng ngy nay, khi qu trnh th pht trin mnh m, nhiu nh cao tng
mc ln v cc trung tm thng mi ra i. Th nhng h thng iu ha
khng kh ph hp v c s dng nhiu cho cc cng trnh xy dng ln
Vit Nam hin nay, phi k n h thng trung tm nc, h thng kiu
VRV. Mi mt h thng iu ha khng kh trn c nhng tnh u vit, li
ch v hiu qu ring khi a vo hat ng.
Vi h thng kiu VRV, u im ca n l mt dn nng c th lp ghp
vi nhiu dn lnh khc nhau v c kiu dng ln cng sut. Tng cng sut
sut ca cc indoor unit c th thay i t 50 130% cng sut ca outdoor
Sinh
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unit. H thng vn c th vn hnh bnh thng khi c mt s dn lnh b

hng hay ang sa cha. H thng c phm vi nhit lm vic trong gii
hn rng, c h thng ng ng nh nn thch hp cho cc ta nh cao tng
c khng gian lp t b. Nhc im ca h thng ny l gii nhit bng gi
nn hiu qu cha cao. S lng dn lnh hn ch nn ch thch hp cho cc
h thng cng sut va.
Vi h thng trung tm nc, u im ca n l nng sut lnh dao ng
ln t 5 Tons n hng ngn Tons, ph hp cho cc cng trnh ln. H thng
ng ng nc lnh gn nh, cho php lp t cc ta nh cao tng, cng
s ni khng gian lp t ng nh. C nhiu cp gim ti nn tit kim nng
lng khi non ti. Nhc im ca h thng l phi c phng my ring, c
ngi chuyn trch.
T nhng u, nhc im ca cc h thng iu ha trn v c im
ca cng trnh lp t, em nhn thy h thng iu ha khng kh ph hp
cho cng trnh l h thng trung tm nc. V cng trnh l mt ta nh cao
tng vi nhu cu tiu th lnh rt ln. Mt trong nhng mc ch s dng ca
cng trnh l lm siu th nn s dng trung tm nc l ph hp. Khng gian
lp t ca ng ng ca cng trnh khng ln, khi s dng VRV th buc
phi lp mt s outdoor unit lng chng ta nh cho cc tng di do chiu
cao ca ta nh qu cao, nu nh vy s lm mt m quan ca cng trnh.
5.2 TNH CHN MY CHO CNG TRNH
Vic tnh chn my cho cng trnh bao gm chn AHU v my lm lnh
nc Chiller. Chiller lm lnh nc c hai loi l Chiller gii nhit bng
nc v Chiller gii nhit bng gi. Vic la chn s dng loi Chiller loi
no ph thuc vo iu kin lp t ca cng trnh. Do cng trnh khng c
khng gian b tr phng my ring tng hm nn loi Chiller s dng
cho cng trnh ch c th l chiller gii nhit gi. Cc AHU c lp t cc
gian my ca tng tng, Chiller c lp pha bc bn ngoi cng trnh.
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Trn th trng iu ha Vit Nam hin nay c nhiu sn phm ca cc

hng khc nhau. Ni ting hn c l cc hng Carrier, Trane, York, Daikin,
Hitachi. Nhng sn phm em la chn cho cng trnh l sn phm ca hng
Trane. V y l mt hng c sn phm c mt nhiu Vit Nam v n cng
ang c a chung trn th trng trong c sn phm Chiller v cc thit
b cn thit l AHU.
5.2.1 Tnh chn AHU
Nng sut lnh ca cc AHU cho trong catalog k thut ph thuc vo
nhit khng kh vo dn ( gm nhit o bi nhit k bu kh v nhit k
bu t), nhit v lu lng nc lnh vo dn v tc qut ca dn. Do
vy chn c AHU c nng sut lnh ph hp vi ti lnh yu cu. Th
chng ta cn xc nh nhit o bi nhit k bu kh v nhit k bu t
iu kin thc t ca khng kh vo dn (khng kh sau khi ha trn trng
thi H). Mun tm c nng sut lnh thc t iu kin lm vic thc t,
chng ta cn phi tra theo catalog k thut, sau dng php ni suy.
Bng 5.1 Nng sut lnh v lu lng gi yu cu ca cc tng
i vi tng 1 ta s dng 4 AHU, thng s ca mi AHU nh sau:

Khng kh vo dn lnh ca AHU c nhit nhit k kh l 25,9 0C, nhit
nhit k bu t l 21,40C. Nhit nc lnh vo dn lnh l 70C v nhit
nc ra l 120C. Nng sut lnh ca dn lnh l 216 KW, lu lng nc lnh
l 10,5l/s lu lng khng kh i qua dn lnh l 12,5 m3/s.
i vi tng 2 ta s dng AHU_BK2 vi cc thng s: Khng kh vo
dn lnh ca AHU c nhit nhit k kh l 25,20C, nhit nhit k bu
t l 20,60C. Nhit nc lnh vo dn lnh l 7 0C v nhit nc ra l
120C. Nng sut lnh ca dn lnh l 208,5 KW, lu lng nc lnh l 10l/s,
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lu lng khng kh i qua dn lnh l 15,5 m 3/s. Vy s AHU cn dng cho

tng 2 l 4 AHU.
Bng 5.2 Kt qu chn AHU

5.2.2 Tnh chn my lm lnh nc Chiller
Loi chiller c chn cho cng trnh l chiller gii nhit bng gi.
c c s chn chiller cho cng trnh u tin cn xc nh tng ti ca cc
khng gian iu ha ca cng trnh. T kt qu tng hp khi chn AHU trn
ta c tng nng sut lnh v lu lng nc lnh ca cc AHU ca cng trnh
l Q0,y/c = 1698 KW v Vn,y/c = 82 l/s.
Theo catalog k thut ca Trane (ph lc 3), loi chiller c model
RTAC250STD, vi nhit nc lm lnh ra 7 0C, khi nhit khng kh gii
nhit vo l 300C c nng sut lnh l 881,5 kW, khi nhit khng kh gii
nhit vo l 350C c nng sut lnh l 826,3 kW. Vy nng sut lnh thc ca
my iu kin thc khi lm vic vi nhit khng kh gii nhit vo l
32,80C s l:
Q0,thc = 881,5 - (881,5 - 826,3).(32,8 - 30)/(35 - 30) = 850,588 (kW)
S my chiller cn dng l:
n = Q0,y/c /Q0,thc = 1698/850,588 = 1,99
Vy m bo nng sut lnh yu cu, s my chiller c chn
lm lnh nc l 2 my.
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CHNG 6 TNH TON THIT K H THNG NG NG

PHN PHI NC LNH
6.1 TNH TON THIT K NG NG NC LNH
H thng ng nc lnh cho cc AHU v FCU c nhiu h khc nhau.

Tu thuc vo cch b tr ng nc m ta c h thng hai ng, h hi ngc,
h 3 ng v 4 ng.
H thng 2 ng l h thng n gin nht, gm 2 ng gp, ng gp nc
hi v ng gp nc cp. Cc AHU v FCU mc song song vi nhau v mc
ni tip gia hai ng gp. u im ca h thng ny l n gin, chi ph vt
liu nh, nhng c nhc im ln l kh cn bng p sut bm gia cc FCU
v AHU v nc ch c xu hng ch i tt qua cc dn gn nht.
khc phc nhc im trn ca h thng 2 ng nc ngi ta dng
thm mt ng hi ngc. Nh c ng hi ngc nn p sut ti cc dn
c cn bng t nhin v tng chiu di ng ng qua cc dn l bng nhau.
Tuy nhin h thng ny c nhc im l tn thm ng nc.
H thng 3 ng ng v h thng 4 ng ng s dng nhm mc ch
khc phc nhc im ca h 2 ng ng v h c ng hi ngc l khng
th s dng lnh v si m ng thi.
Trong cc h thng trn em thy h hai ng ng l ph hp hn c cho
cng trnh v cng trnh ch c nhu cu s dng lnh, h thng li n gin. S
dng h 2 ng s tit kim c vt liu ng nc, tit kim khng gian lp
t ng ng. Nhc im l kh cn bn p sut nc ti cc dn s c
khc phc bng vic lp van cn bng p sut ng hi ca mi tng.
C nhiu phng php tnh ton kch thc ng ng nh phng php
gim dn tc , phng php ma st ng iu. Trong n em chn phng
php tnh ton l phng php ma st ng iu v y l mt phng php
n gin.
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6.1.1 Xc nh ng knh ng nc lnh theo trc ng

xc nh c ng knh ng ng nc lnh theo trc ng phn
phi nc lnh n cc tng. Trc tin chng ta phi xc nh c tng lu
lng nc lnh cn cp cho cng trnh. bng 5.2 cho ta lu lng nc
cn thit qua cc AHU. T kt bng ny s cho ta tng lu lng nc lnh
cn thit ca cc tng.
Bng 6.1 Tng lu lng nc lnh cn thit Vn (l/s)

s hnh 6.1 cho n gin s h thng ng hi v ng
cp nc lnh c th hin trng nhau.
d
e
b
a
Hnh 6.1 S trc ng ca ng nc lnh
Bng 6.2 Lu lng nc lnh trong cc on ng theo trc ng

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Theo kinh nghim, khi p dng phng php ma st ng iu tn tht

p sut trn mt mt chiu di ng nh hng l 100 600 Pa/m. tnh
ton ng ng nc em chn tn tht p sut nc trn mt mt chiu di l
200 Pa/m.
Vi tn tht p sut trn mt mt ng va chn kt hp vi lu lng
nc cc on ng, tra th hnh 6.5 ca [1] ta c ng knh danh ngha
ca ng Dy theo tiu chun. Vi ng knh ng danh ngha D y, tra bng 6.2
ca [1] ta c ng knh trong ca ng. Sau khi c ng knh trong ca ng
vn tc nc trong ng c tnh nh sau:
=
4.Vn
1000 , m/s
.di2
(6.1)
di - ng knh trong ca on ng, mm;

Vn Lu lng nc trong ng, l/s.
Vi on ng gp, Vn = 82 l/s s dng th hnh 6.5 ca [1] ta tm
c ng knh tng ng ca don ny l Dy =200 mm. Tra bng 6.2 ca
[1] ta c ng knh trong ca ng l 202,7 mm.
Vn tc nc trong on ng gp c xc nh li l:
=
4.Vn
4.82
1000=
1000=2,54 (m/s)
2
.di
3,14.202,72
Bng 6.3 ng knh ng v vn tc nc cc on ng theo trc ng
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H thng s dng 2 Chiller v s lng bm nc lnh chn dng l 3

my bm nc lnh. Trong 2 bm hot ng thng xuyn cn mt bm
d phng. Nng sut ca mt my bm c xc inh nh sau:
Vb =
Vn,y/c = 82 =41L/s=0,041m3 /s
2
Chn vn tc u y v u ht ca bm l = 3,5 m/s v h = 2 m/s,

ta c ng knh tnh ton ca ng ng u y v u ht ca bm l:
dtt ,d
4.Vb
4.0,041
1000
1000 122 (mm)
3,14.3,5
dtt ,h
4.Vb
4.0,041
1000
1000 160 (mm)
3,14.2
Chn ng u y v u ht ca bm c ng knh danh ngha l 125

mm v 150 mm, ta c vn tc thc ca nc u y v u ht ca bm l:
4.Vb
4.0,041
10002
10002 3,18 (m/s)
2
2
.di
3,14.128,2
4.Vb
4.0,041
10002
10002 2,1 (m/s)
2
2
.di
3,14.154,1
Tc thc ca nc u y v u ht ca bm tnh c l ph
hp vi tc nc u y v u ht ca bm khuyn dng bng 6.4 ca
[1].
6.1.2 Xc nh ng knh ng nc lnh cho cc tng
xc nh c ng knh cc on ng ca ng nc lnh cho
cc AHU v FCU, cn phi c s ng nc lnh th hin trnh t b tr
cc AHU v FCU. S ng nc lnh cho cc AHU v FCU ca cc tng
c th hin hnh 6.2. Sau khi c s ng nc lnh, c th tnh
c ng knh ng ng cn phi xc nh c lu lng nc lnh
trong tng on ng.
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Sau khi c lu lng nc lnh cc on ng chng ta tin hnh xc

nh ng knh cc on ng v vn tc nc trong ng nh mc 5.1.1.
l vi tn tht p sut trn mt mt ng chn l pl = 200 Pa/m, kt
hp vi lu lng nc lnh cc on ng v tra th hnh 6.5 ca [1] ta
s tm c ng knh danh ngha ca cc on ng. Tip n s dng bng
6.2 ca [1] c c ng knh trong ca cc on ng tng ng vi
ng knh danh ngha ca n. Sau cng s dng cng thc (6.1) tnh li
vn tc nc trong ng.
Kt qu tnh ton c tng hp thnh bng 6.4.
AHU
AHU
d2 c2
d1 c1
AHU
b
AHU
e
AHU AHU
g1
f1
g2
f2
AHU AHU
Hnh 6.2 S ng nc lnh cho AHU v FCU ca cc tng
Bng 6.4 Lu lng nc, kch thc ng v vn tc nc ca cc on ng

6.2 TNH TON TR LC NG NG NC
c c s cho chn bm nc lnh cn phi xc nh tn tht p sut

trn ng ng. C hai cch xc nh tn tht p lc trn ng ng l
phng php xc nh theo cng thc v phng php xc nh theo th.
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Phng php xc nh tn tht p sut theo cng thc kh l phc tp, v vy

n gin ha vic tnh ton, em chn phng php s dng th tnh
tn tht p lc trn ng ng.
Phng php th l s dng th tra c ngay tn tht p sut
cho mt n v chiu di ng ng, n ph thuc vo tc lu lng nc,
ng knh ng v lu lng nc. Sau khi tra c tn tht p sut cho mt
mt ng, ta ch cn nhn vi chiu di on ng l (m) hoc chiu di tng
ng lt (m) ca chi tit gy tn tht l c tng tn tht p sut.
pms=lt. p1 , Pa
(6.2)
p1: tn tht p sut trn mt mt ng, Pa/m.

Vng tun hon dng tnh tn tht p sut ca mng l vng tun
hon nc cho AHU xa nht ca tng mt. Kt qu sau khi xc nh c
tng hp li v cho bng 6.5.
Bng 6.5 Tn tht p sut trn mng ng ng nc pmng (Pa)

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Ngoi tn tht p sut do mng ng ng gy ra, cn c tn tht p sut

do cc thit b v ph kin lp km vi n trong h thng. Kt qu tnh ton
tn tht p sut do cc thit b v ph kin ptb lp km vi n trong mng
nc c cho bng 6.6.
Bng 6.6 Tn tht p sut do thit b v cc ph kin gy ra

Vy ta c tn tht p sut ca ton mng nc l:
ptt = ptb + 2.pmng = 80031 + 2.55790 = 191611 (Pa)
6.3. TNH CHN BM V TNH BNH DN N
Nhim v ca bm trong h thng iu ha trung tm nc gii nhit gi

l tun hon nc lnh t bnh bay hi n cc dn trao i nhit AHU. Bm
nc c chn phi tha mn yu cu v nng sut cng nh ct p tng v
phi lm vic cng gn im c hiu sut ti a cng tt sut trong qu trnh
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vn hnh ca bm. Trong h thng iu ha bm thng s dng l bm ly

tm, nhit lm vic t 50C n 700C.
Trong qua trnh tnh ton tn tht p sut ca mng ng ng nc c
nhiu yu t gy tn tht cha tnh vo, v mt s yu t gy tn tht tnh
nhng cha y . Do vy m bo an ton ct p dng chn bm, cn
tnh thm d phng khong 15% ca tn tht p sut mng ng ng tnh
ton. Vy ct p dng chn bm c xc nh l:
H = (100% + 15%)ptt = (1 + 0,15).191611 = 220352 (Pa)
= 22,46 (mH2O)
mc 6.1 ta xc nh c nng sut bm l Vb = 147,6 m3/h, kt
hp vi ct p mi tnh c H = 22,46 m H2O tra catalog ca bm ca
hng bm GRUNDFOS, ta chn c kiu bm NKE, NKGE.
Do h thng dn nc lnh l h thng kn nn cn s dng bnh dn n.
Bnh dn n s dng c mc ch l to ra mt th tch d tr nhm iu ha
nhng nh hng do dn n nhit ca nc gy ra. Ngoi ra bnh cn c chc
nng b sung nc cho h thng trong trng hp b r r, v bnh dn n
cng c tc dng x kh. Bnh dn n thng s dng trong h thng iu ha
l bnh dn n kiu h.
Th tch ti thiu ca bnh dn n c tnh nh sau:
Vdn = .Vn,ht, m3
(6.3)
Vn,ht - Th tch ton b nc cha trong h thng, m3;

- Phn trm dn n ca nc, vi nhit nc t 4,5 0C n 400C theo
bng 6.13 ca [1] ta c = 0,7 %.
Th tch cha nc trong h thng bao gm th tch nc cha trong ng
trong AHU v Chiller.
Th tch nc cha trong ng c tnh nh sau:
Vn,o
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di - ng knh trong ca ng, mm;

lo - Chiu di ng,m.
Bng 6.7 Th tch nc trong ng ti cc tng

Theo catalog ca AHU th xc nh s b c th tch cha nc l 100
lt, Vy tng lng nc ch trong AHU l:
Vn,AHU = 8.100= 800 (l) = 0,8 (m3)
Theo catalog xc nh s b c th tch cha nc ca bnh bay hi
vo c 0,5 m3. Vy th tch cha nc ca bn bnh bay hi l:
Vn,bh = 2.0,5 = 1, m3
Vy tng lng nc cha trong ton b h thng c xc nh l:
Vn,ht = 2.Vn,o + Vn,AHU + Vn,bh
= 2.3,64 + 0,8 + 1= 9,08 m3
Thay cc gi tr vo cng thc 6.3 ta c th tch ti thiu ca bnh dn n
l:
Vdn = 0,007.9,08 = 0,06456 m3 = 63,56 (l)
Chn bnh dn n c th tch khong 70 lt.
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CHNG 7 TNH TON THIT K NG NG PHN PHI

KHNG KH IN HNH
C nhiu phng php thit k ng ng gi, trong phi k ba
phng php sau y:
_ Phng php gim dn tc .
_ Phng php ma st ng u.
_ Phng php phc hi p sut tnh.
ng vi mi phng php s cho ta mt kt qu khc nhau v kch
thc ng ng, gi thnh tng th. Phng php c la chn tnh
ton thit k l phng php ma st ng u. V y l phng php thit k
thun tin v nhanh chng hn nhiu so vi cc phng php khc. Tuy
phng php ny c sai s ln v thng kh m bo cn bng ct p tnh
nhng v tr r nhnh. Nhng nhc im ny c khc phc bng cch lp
thm van gi v tr r nhnh cn bng lu lng.
Do kt cu ca cc tng l ging nhau v theo tnh ton trn, lu lng
gi cp cho cc khng gian ny l nh nhau. Nn em chn cc khng gian
tng mt ny lm khng gian in hnh trnh by vic tnh ton thit k h
thng ng ng phn phi khng kh. Cn cc khng gian cn li, vic tnh
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ton thit k h thng ng ng phn phi khng kh c thc hin tng

t v th hin kt qu trn cc bn v mt bng iu ha khng kh v ph lc.
7.1 TNH TON NG NG DN, MING THI V MING HT
7.1.1 Tnh chn ming thi, ming ht

Hin nay trn th trng Vit Nam c mt cc sn phm ca gi do
cc cng ty ca Vit Nam sn xut. Cht lng ca cc loi ca ny p ng
c yu cu v cht lng. Trong phi k n sn phm ca cng ty
Reetech. Loi ca gi c chn l ca gi khuch tn loi 4-side supply air
diffuser (MC4) ca Reetech.
Khu vc iu ho ca tng 1 c lu lng gi yu cu l L y/c = 50 m3/s.
Chn loi ca c kch thc c 600x600 tit din ming ra ca n l f c =
0,288 m2, vi s lng ca c chn l n c = 115 ca ta c vn tc ti ming
ra ca ca l:
vp =
Lvp
50
1,5 (m/s)
nc . f c 115.0, 288
Vy lu lng gi qua mi ca thi ca vn phng l:

Li,vp = Lvp/nvp = 50/115 = 0,4348 (m3/s)
Chn ming hi l loi egg return air grille (MST) ca hng Reetech.
Ca c chn l ca c kch thc c 600x600, s lng ca hi ca hnh
lang l 3 ci v ca vn phng l A ci.
7.1.2 Tnh ton thit k ng ng gi
H thng ng ng gi ca cc tng 1 chia lm bn mng A, B,C v D.
Mi mt tuyn c tt c 28 n 30 ming thi. Do vic phn b ming thi l
gn nh ng u nn ch ly mng a l mng in hnh tnh ton thit k
ng ng gi. Vy tng lu lng ca mng A l:
LA = 29.0,4348 = 12,609 (m3/s)
Vic tnh ton tun theo cc bc nh sau: Chn tn tht p sut trn
mt mt ng l p1 = 0,8 Pa/m. Da vo tn tht p sut trn mt mt ng va
chn v lu lng nc ca tng on ng ta tra th 7.24[1], ta c
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ng knh ng tng ng. Da vo ng knh ng tng ng tra bng

7.3[1], ta c kch thc ng. Kt qu tnh ton ng ng gi mng phn
phi gi A tng 1 c th hin bng 7.1, cn cc mng phn phi gi khc
ph lc 2.
Bng 7.1 Kt qu tnh ton ng ng gi mng phn phi gi A tng 1

7.2 TNH TR LC NG NG GI
Cc AHU chn bao gm c qut, nn vic tnh ton thy lc mng

ng ng gi c mc ch kim tra c tuyn lm vic ca qut c ph hp
vi mng khng.
Trong tt c cc mng ng gi ca hai tng th mng ng B tng 2 l
tuyn c tr lc ln nht bao gm tuyn gm cc on ng t 1 n 16. Ta s
tnh ton tr lc trn tuyn ny chn qut cho AHU. Theo ti liu [1] tr
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lc ca mng ng tnh cho chiu di ng, cn, ct, ch r, chc ba, thu
c xc nh bng cc cng thc sau:
Tr lc do cn thu gy ra:
pcn,t = 0,602.n.(c,22 - c,12)
(7.1)
Tr lc do r nhnh gy ra tnh cho dng i thng:

pr = 0,602.n.r,22
(7.2)
Tr lc do chc ba gy ra:
pchc = 0,602.n.ch,22
(7.3)
Trong cc cng thc t (7.1) n (7.3) n l h s ct p ng. H s n

c tra trong cc bng 7.7, bng 7.8 v bng 7.9 ca [1]. i vi cn thu do
tt c cc cn c gc cn nh hn hoc bng 300 nn ly n = 1,02Vi r nhnh
tnh cho dng thng do t s gia tc dng trc v sau r nhnh nm trong
khong 0,5 1 nn chn gi tr h s ct p ng n = 0,3 (bng 7.8 ca [1]).
Vi chc ba cho n gin xem nh l chc cn n = 0,3 (bng 7.9). Trong
cc cng thc trn i,1 (m/s) v i,2 (m/s) l vn tc ca dng vo v ra khi
chi tit i gy ra tr lc.
Tn tht p sut theo chiu di ng tnh nh sau:
pms = l.pl, Pa
(6.8)
l - Chiu di ng, m;
pl - Tn tht p sut trn mt mt ng, Pa/m.
Tn tht p sut do ct gy ra:
pct = lt.pl, Pa
(6.9)
ltd - Chiu di tng ng ca ct, m. S dng bng 7.5 ca [1] tm;

pl - Tn tht p sut trn mt mt ng, pl = 0,8 Pa/m.
Ngoi mng ng ng gy tn tht p lc ca dng cn c cc thit b
khc gy tn tht l hp iu chnh lu lng gi VAV, phin lc bi, tiu
m, ca gi, ng mm. Tn tht do cc thit b ny tm tnh nh sau:
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Hp iu chnh lu lng gi: pVAV = 30 Pa

Phin lc bi: pphinlc = 100 Pa
Tiu m: ptium = 30 Pa
Ca gi: pca = 2,5 Pa
Kt qu tnh ton tr lc ca cc on ng cng nh ca ton mng c
cho bng 7.2.
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Pms Pa
l(t)
mm
3347
1682.
2
9241.
4
6280
5756.
1
8991
5958.
1
3358.
6
3358.
6
5618.
1
2343.
9
p
Pa/
m
0.8
Pcb ct 90 Pa
Pcb cn thu Pa
Pc
v
n
ra
b Pa
o
kch thc
a l(t) Pc
Pm
ct
s Pa
mm b Pa
2.68 2300 x 700 8 5.6 4.48 1.02 9.76
ra
Pc
b Pa
Pcb thit b
Pa
8.9
9.85 0.3 8.41 12.77 VAV

ng
4.48 1.02 9.25 8.41 9.11 0.3 5.14 4.77 mm
ming
4.48 1.02 8.41 6.61 16.60
gi
3.52 1.02 8.41 7.36 10.17
phin lc
0.8
1.35 2300 x 700 8
5.6
0.8
0.8
7.39 2300 x 700 8

5.02 1600 x 550 8
5.6
4.4
0.8
0.8
4.60
7.19
1.02 9.18 7.21 19.83

1.02 9.34 7.65 17.63
0.8
4.77
1.02 9.61 7.48 22.35
0.8
2.69
1.02 9.18 7.21 19.83
0.8
2.69
1.02 5.61
0.8
4.49
1.02 5.14 3.11 10.28
0.8
1.88
44.75
Pcb r
nhnh Pa
tiu m
P
Pa
30
2.2
2.5
100
30
3.1 13.42
17
149
80
17.54
165
393
n tt nghip
Bng 7.2 Tr lc ng ng gi ca mng B tng 2
81
n tt nghip
Theo bng 6.4 tr lc ca mng ng l 400 Pa, kt hp vi lu lng gi

ca mng l 16 m3/s tra catalog qut ca hng Krugerjet (ph lc 4) ta chn
c loi qut ly tm BSB 1400, thng s lm vic ca qut l:
Lu
lng
(m/s)
16
Lu
lng
(m/h)
57600
p sut
tng
(Pa)
400
p sut
ng
(Pa)
55
Vn tc
ra
(m/s)
9.6
Tc
qut
(rpm)
440
Hiu sut
(%)
70
7.3 TNH CHN HP IU CHNH LU LNG GI VAV
Hp iu chnh lu lng gi c tc dng iu chnh lu lng gi cp

vo khng gian iu ha cho ph hp nhu cu thc ca khng gian iu ha.
VAV thng c chn theo lu lng gi cp vo khng gian iu ha.
Do cng trnh cn thit k iu ha c yu cu thay i nhu cu lm lnh
nn s dng cc VAV iu chnh vic cp lnh thng qua thay i lu
lng gi cp v ta s dng mi mt ming gi ta lp mt VAV.
vo lu lng gi qua ming thi ca hai tng ln lt l L Tng1=434,8
L/s v LTng2=462,7 L/s nn loi VAV c la chn l loi Single-Duct ca
Trane. T lu lng gi qua ming thi ca hai tng v catalog Trane ta c c
ca cc VAV c chn l VAV-11, c di lu lng c th thay i l 0,52571 L/s.
Page 82
n tt nghip
TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. Nguyn c Li. Gio trnh thit k h thng iu ha khng kh. NBX
Gio dc, 2009.
[2]. H ng Trung, Nguyn Qun. C s k thut iu ha khng kh. NBX
Khoa hc v k thut, 2005.
[3]. Tutorials Revit MEP.
[4]. VAV Systems - A Trane Air Conditioning Clinic.
[5]. Trace 700 - Getting Started and Users Manual.
[6]. http://www.nhietlanhvietnam.net.
[7]. http://hvacr.vn.
[8]. http://www.trane.com.
[9]. http://usa.autodesk.com.
Page 83
n tt nghip
PH LC
Ph lc 1: Cc bc tnh ton ca phn mm Trace 700.
Bc 1: Nhp thng tin d n.
Bc 2: Nhp thng tin thi tit.
Page 84
n tt nghip
Bc 3: To cc mu (Template). Trong phn ny chng ta ng nhp

cc thng s cho nm mc internal load, airflow, thermostat, construction,
room. V d nh nhit do ngi, my mc, n mc internal load.
Bc 4: To ra cc phng. Trong phn ny chng ta s ng nhp cc

thng s ca phng nh sn, mi, tng
Page 85
n tt nghip
Bc 5: Chn h thng phn phi gi.
Bc 6: a phng vo trong h thng.
Bc 10: Tnh ton v xut kt qu bo co.
Page 86
n tt nghip
Page 87
n tt nghip
Ph lc 2: Kt qu tnh ton ng ng gi phn phi gi ca cc tng.

Kt qu tnh ton ng ng gi mng phn phi gi B tng 1
on
ng
L m/s
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
13.0435
12.6087
12.1739
11.7391
11.3043
10.8696
10.4348
9.5652
6.0870
5.2174
4.7826
4.3478
3.4783
2.6087
1.7391
0.8696
3.4783
2.6087
1.7391
0.8696
0.4348
pi
Pa/m
d(t)
mm
0.8 1247.2
0.8 1231.1
0.8 1214.8
0.8
1198
0.8 1180.9
0.8 1163.4
0.8 1145.4
0.8
1108
0.8 932.8
0.8 879.6
0.8
851
0.8 820.7
0.8
754
0.8
676
0.8 579.6
0.8 445.9
0.8
754
0.8
676
0.8 579.6
0.8 445.9
0.8 343.3
Kch thc ng
2100
2100
2100
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
1400
1200
1200
1100
900
700
550
550
900
700
550
550
300
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
650
650
650
650
650
650
650
650
550
550
550
550
550
550
500
300
550
550
500
300
300
d(t)
mm
Fc
(thc)
1226
1226
1226
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
934
872
872
802
763
677
601
439
763
677
573
439
328
1.365
1.365
1.365
1.300
1.300
1.300
1.300
1.300
0.770
0.660
0.660
0.605
0.495
0.385
0.275
0.165
0.495
0.385
0.275
0.165
0.09
vn
tc
9.56
9.24
9.10
9.03
8.70
8.58
8.31
8.28
7.91
7.59
7.25
7.19
7.03
6.78
6.32
5.27
7.03
6.78
6.32
5.27
4.83
Page 88
n tt nghip
Kt qu tnh ton ng ng gi mng phn phi gi C tng 1
on
ng
L m/s
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
12.1739
11.7391
11.3043
10.8696
10.4348
10.0000
9.5652
9.1304
8.6957
6.0870
5.2174
4.3478
3.4783
2.6087
1.7391
0.8696
0.4348
2.6087
2.1739
1.7391
1.3043
0.8696
pi
Pa/m
d(t)
mm
0.8 1214.8
0.8
1198
0.8 1180.9
0.8 1163.4
0.8 1145.4
0.8
1127
0.8
1108
0.8 1088.6
0.8 1068.5
0.8 932.8
0.8 879.6
0.8 820.7
0.8
754
0.8
676
0.8 579.6
0.8 445.9
0.8 343.3
0.8
676
0.8 630.8
0.8 579.6
0.8 519.8
0.8 445.9
Kch thc ng
1900
1900
1900
1800
1800
1800
1600
1600
1600
1400
1300
1100
900
700
550
550
300
700
700
550
550
550
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
650
650
650
650
650
650
650
650
650
550
550
550
550
550
500
300
300
550
500
500
400
300
d(t)
mm
Fc
(thc)
1174
1174
1174
1146
1146
1118
1088
1088
1088
934
904
838
763
677
573
439
328
677
644
573
511
439
1.235
1.235
1.235
1.170
1.170
1.170
1.040
1.040
1.040
0.770
0.715
0.605
0.495
0.385
0.275
0.165
0.09
0.385
0.35
0.275
0.22
0.165
vn
tc
9.86
9.51
9.15
9.29
8.92
8.55
9.20
8.78
8.36
7.91
7.30
7.19
7.03
6.78
6.32
5.27
4.83
6.78
6.21
6.32
5.93
5.27
Page 89
n tt nghip
Kt qu tnh ton ng ng gi mng phn phi gi D tng 1
on
ng
L m/s
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
12.1739
7.8261
6.9565
6.0870
5.2174
4.3478
3.4783
2.6087
1.7391
0.8696
4.3478
3.4783
2.6087
1.7391
0.8696
pi
Pa/m
d(t)
mm
0.8 1214.8
0.8 1026.5
0.8 981.4
0.8 932.8
0.8 879.6
0.8 820.7
0.8
754
0.8
676
0.8 579.6
0.8 445.9
0.8 820.7
0.8
754
0.8
676
0.8 579.6
0.8 445.9
d(t)
mm
Fc
(thc)
650 1200
550 1043
550
991
550
934
550
872
550
838
550
763
550
677
500
573
300
439
550
838
550
763
550
677
500
573
300
439
1.300
0.880
0.880
0.770
0.660
0.605
0.495
0.385
0.275
0.165
0.605
0.495
0.385
0.275
0.165
Kch thc ng
2000
1600
1600
1400
1200
1100
900
700
550
550
1100
900
700
550
550
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
vn
tc
9.36
8.89
7.91
7.63
7.59
7.19
7.03
6.78
6.32
5.27
7.19
7.03
6.78
6.32
5.27
Page 90
n tt nghip
Kt qu tnh ton ng ng gi mng phn phi gi A tng 2

on
ng
L m/s
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
16.1940
13.8806
6.4776
5.5522
4.6269
3.7015
2.7761
1.8507
0.9254
7.4030
6.4776
5.5522
4.6269
3.7015
2.7761
1.8507
0.9254
2.3134
1.8507
1.3881
0.9254
0.4627
pi
Pa/m
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
d(t)
mm
1354.5
1277.1
955.1
900.7
840.4
772
692.1
593.4
456.5
1005
955.1
900.7
840.4
772
692.1
593.4
456.5
645.8
593.4
532.2
456.5
351.5
Kch thc ng
2400
2100
1100
1100
1100
900
700
550
550
1200
1100
1100
1100
900
700
550
550
600
550
550
550
300
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
700
700
700
650
550
550
550
550
300
700
700
650
550
550
550
550
300
550
550
450
300
300
d(t)
mm
1355
1279
953
878
838
763
677
601
439
993
953
878
838
763
677
601
439
677
601
543
439
328
Fc
(thc)
1.680
1.470
0.770
0.715
0.605
0.495
0.385
0.303
0.165
0.840
0.770
0.715
0.605
0.495
0.385
0.303
0.165
0.330
0.303
0.248
0.165
0.090
vn
tc
9.64
9.44
8.41
7.77
7.65
7.48
7.21
6.12
5.61
8.81
8.41
7.77
7.65
7.48
7.21
6.12
5.61
7.01
6.12
5.61
5.61
5.14
Page 91
n tt nghip
Kt qu tnh ton ng ng gi mng phn phi gi B tng 2
on
ng
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
L m/s
15.7313
15.2687
14.8060
14.3433
13.8806
12.9552
12.0299
11.1045
7.4030
6.4776
5.5522
4.6269
3.7015
2.7761
1.8507
0.9254
3.7015
2.7761
1.8507
0.9254
0.4627
pi
Pa/m
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
d(t)
mm
1339.6
1324.5
1309
1293.2
1277.1
1243.9
1209.3
1172.9
1005
955.1
900.7
840.4
772
692.1
593.4
456.5
772
692.1
593.4
456.5
351.5
Kch thc
ng
2300
2300
2300
2200
2200
2000
2000
2000
1600
1400
1300
1100
900
700
550
550
900
700
550
550
300
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
300
550
550
550
300
300
d(t)
mm
1330
1330
1330
1305
1305
1252
1252
1252
993
953
878
838
763
677
601
439
763
677
601
439
328
Fc
(thc)
1.610
1.610
1.610
1.540
1.540
1.400
1.400
1.400
0.880
0.770
0.715
0.605
0.495
0.385
0.303
0.165
0.495
0.385
0.303
0.165
0.090
vn
tc
9.77
9.48
9.41
9.31
9.28
9.25
8.59
8.49
8.41
8.26
7.77
7.65
7.48
7.21
6.12
5.61
7.48
7.21
6.12
5.61
5.14
Kt qu tnh ton ng ng gi mng phn phi gi C tng 2

Page 92
n tt nghip
on
ng
L m/s
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
15.2687
14.8060
14.3433
13.8806
13.4179
12.9552
12.4925
8.7910
7.8657
6.9403
6.0149
5.0896
4.1642
3.2388
2.3134
1.3881
0.4627
3.7015
3.2388
2.7761
2.3134
1.8507
1.3881
0.9254
0.4627
pi
Pa/m
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
d(t)
mm
1324.5
1309
1293.2
1277.1
1260.7
1243.9
1226.8
1073
1028.4
980.6
928.6
871.4
807.4
733.8
645.8
532.2
351.5
772
733.8
692.1
645.8
593.4
532.2
456.5
351.5
Kch thc
ng
2200
2200
2200
2100
2100
2000
2000
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
550
300
900
800
700
600
550
550
550
300
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
450
300
550
550
550
550
550
450
300
300
d(t)
mm
1305
1305
1305
1279
1279
1252
1252
1092
1043
991
934
872
802
722
677
543
328
763
722
677
677
601
543
439
328
Fc
(thc)
1.540
1.540
1.540
1.470
1.470
1.400
1.400
1.100
0.990
0.880
0.770
0.660
0.550
0.440
0.330
0.248
0.090
0.495
0.440
0.385
0.330
0.303
0.248
0.165
0.090
vn
tc
9.91
9.61
9.56
9.44
9.39
9.25
8.92
7.99
7.95
7.89
7.81
7.71
7.57
7.36
7.01
5.61
5.14
7.48
7.36
7.21
7.01
6.12
5.61
5.61
5.14
Kt qu tnh ton ng ng gi mng phn phi gi D tng 2
Page 93
n tt nghip
on
ng
L m/s
pi
Pa/m
d(t)
mm
Kch thc
ng
d(t)
mm
Fc
(thc)
vn
tc
Page 94
n tt nghip
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
14.8060
8.3284
7.4030
6.4776
5.5522
4.6269
3.7015
2.7761
1.8507
0.9254
6.4776
5.5522
4.6269
3.7015
2.7761
1.8507
0.9254
0.8
1309
0.8 1051.1
0.8
1005
0.8 955.1
0.8 900.7
0.8 840.4
0.8
772
0.8 692.1
0.8 593.4
0.8 456.5
0.8 955.1
0.8 900.7
0.8 840.4
0.8
772
0.8 692.1
0.8 593.4
0.8 456.5
2200
1300
1200
1100
1100
1100
900
700
550
550
1100
1100
1100
900
700
550
550
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
700
700
700
700
650
550
550
550
550
300
700
650
550
550
550
550
300
1305
1031
993
953
878
838
763
677
601
439
953
878
838
763
677
601
439
1.540
0.910
0.840
0.770
0.715
0.605
0.495
0.385
0.303
0.165
0.770
0.715
0.605
0.495
0.385
0.303
0.165
9.61
9.15
8.81
8.41
7.77
7.65
7.48
7.21
6.12
5.61
8.41
7.77
7.65
7.48
7.21
6.12
5.61
Ph lc 3: Catalog k thut ca Trane
Page 95
n tt nghip
Ph lc 4: Catalog qut ca hng Kruger jetfan:

Page 96
n tt nghip
Page 97
n tt nghip
MC LC
LI M U
LI CAM OAN
CHNG 1 TNG QUAN 3

1.1 C S K THUT IU HA KHNG KH................................................3
1.1.1 Lch s pht trin ca k thut iu ha khng kh
1.1.2 Lch s pht trin ca iu ha khng kh ti Vit Nam
1.1.3 iu ha khng kh v tm quan trng ca iu ha khng kh
1.2 GII THIU V CNG TRNH........................................................................7

CHNG 2 THIT K H THNG IU HA KHNG KH VI REVIT MEP
V TRACE 700
10
2.1 TNG QUAN V REVIT MEP V BIM.......................................................10

2.1.1 Lch s ca REVIT MEP11
2.1.2 Cc phn mm ca hng AutoDesk cho ngnh iu ha khng kh 12
2.1.3 Cc phn mm Revit
15
2.1.4 Mt s c im ca Revit MEP
23
2.1.5 Mt s thut ng ca Revit MEP
24
2.1.6 Giao din ca Revit MEP
26
2.2 TNG QUAN V TRACE 700........................................................................32

2.2.1 Lch s ca Trane 32
2.2.2 Mt s c im ca Trace 700
34
2.2.3 Mt s thut ng ca Trace 700
36
2.2.4 Giao din ca Trace 700 38

2.2.5 u, nhc im ca Trace 700 43
CHNG 3 TNH CN BNG NHIT M 45
3.1 LA CHN THNG S TNH TON, CP IU HA KHNG KH.....45
3.2 TNH NHIT HIN THA V NHIT N THA.......................................46
3.2.1 Nhit hin bc x qua knh Q11 46
3.2.2 Nhit hin truyn qua mi bng bc x v do t, Q21
48
3.2.3 Nhit hin truyn qua vch Q22 49

3.2.4 Nhit hin truyn qua nn Q23 51
3.2.5 Nhit hin ta ra do n chiu sng Q31
52
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3.2.6 Nhit hin ta do my mc Q32 52
3.2.7 Nhit hin v n do con ngi to ra Q4
53
3.2.8 Nhit hin v n do gi ti mang vo QhN v QN

3.2.9 Nhit hin v n do gi lt Q5h v Q5
53
54
CHNG 4 TNH TON & THNH LP S HKK
55
4.1 XC NH CC THNG S TNH TON...................................................55

4.1.1 H s nhit hin phng RSHF, hf
55
4.1.2 H s nhit hin tng GSHF, ht
56
4.1.3 H s i vng BF 56
4.1.4 H s nhit hin hiu dng ESHF, hef
57
4.2 THNH LP S TUN HON 1 CP...................................................57

4.3 TNH TON BNG PHN MM TRACE 700.............................................59
CHNG 5 LA CHN H THNG IU HA KHNG KH V CHN MY
CHO CNG TRNH 61
5.1 LA CHN H THNG IU HA KHNG KH....................................61
5.2 TNH CHN MY CHO CNG TRNH........................................................62
5.2.1 Tnh chn AHU
62
5.2.2 Tnh chn my lm lnh nc Chiller
63
CHNG 6 TNH TON THIT K H THNG NG NG PHN PHI

NC LNH 65
6.1 TNH TON THIT K NG NG NC LNH.................................65
6.1.1 Xc nh ng knh ng nc lnh theo trc ng
66
6.1.2 Xc nh ng knh ng nc lnh cho cc tng
68
6.2 TNH TON TR LC NG NG NC.............................................69

6.3. TNH CHN BM V TNH BNH DN N.............................................71
CHNG 7 TNH TON THIT K NG NG PHN PHI KHNG KH
IN HNH
74
7.1 TNH TON NG NG DN, MING THI V MING HT..........74

7.1.1 Tnh chn ming thi, ming ht
74
7.1.2 Tnh ton thit k ng ng gi
75
7.2 TNH TR LC NG NG GI.............................................................76

7.3 TNH CHN HP IU CHNH LU LNG GI VAV..........................79
TI LIU THAM KHO
PH LC..
80
81
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Page 100

DATN - Minh K50

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n tt nghip

Phm Ngc Minh

Sinh vin: Phm Ngc Minh - My & TBNL 2 - K50

CHNG 1 TNG QUAN

1.1.1 Lch s pht trin ca k thut iu ha khng kh

Sinh vin: Phm Ngc Minh - My & TBNL 2 - K50

ang phi chu nh hng ln t hin tng ny. Vic cc h thng iu ha

Sinh vin: Phm Ngc Minh - My & TBNL 2 - K50

c th tm hiu v nhn thy trong thc t sn sut nht l thi i cng

Siu th ng Quang l mt cng trnh trng im trong trung tm

cao cp. Tng 1 tp trung cc thng hiu ln ca Vit Nam v th gii v cc

Sinh vin: Phm Ngc Minh - My & TBNL 2 - K50

nghi, tho mn yu cu vi kh hu nhng khng c nh hng n kt cu

c mt ci nhn trc quan v cng trnh siu th ng Quang, em

Sinh vin: Phm Ngc Minh - My & TBNL 2 - K50

CHNG 2: THIT K H THNG IU HA KHNG KH VI

i vi cng vic thit k, t ch cc phn mm ha thit k ch th

Sinh vin: Phm Ngc Minh - My & TBNL 2 - K50

s b c cao nn dn n l dung lng file tng theo, nhng vn khng ln

phi lm vic nh khi dng phn mm AutoCad (phng php lm vic nh

a) Khuynh hng BIM trong ngnh cng nghip xy dng

MEP cung cp cc cng c v thnh phn hu ch khc gip chng ta thit

no cng c mt phin bn mi. Qua chng ta thy r gi tr thc ca cc

Pentium CoreTM 1GB

1.4 2 Duo 1GB

1.4 2 Duo 1GB

3.0 2 Duo 2GB

L phn mm him hoi c cng ngh thit k thch nghi t ng xc nh

lng cng vic

cng khi lng cng khi lng

nng tng d hiu

nhng biu tng l ch yu, nhiu

d hiu. S dng dng lnh di v

mnh, hnh a dng v rt yu

pht sinh mt ct cho bt k pht sinh mt ct

mt v tr no, bt k thi cho bt k v tr Khng th

c tnh thng minh

vin thng Rt mnh

Rt mnh, phn nh Phc tp, phn

khng gian, thi gian yu

gian, thi gian

cht C th, cht lng C

M phng thc phim p, phn km, rt nng

tham kho Rt him

Bng 2.3 Bng phn tch mt s c im ca cc loi cng trnh

hnh hc n d liu xy dng. Thng tin ny bao gm nhng thnh phn

nhng gi tr khc nhau i vi mt s hoc tt c cc c tnh, nhng tp hp

Hnh 2.1 Giao din ca phn mm ha Revit MEP

Hnh 2.2 Menu

Hnh 2.3 Tool bar

y l ni cha cc nhm lnh nh l nhng cng c thi cng trong

Hnh 2.4 Option bar

Hnh 2.5 Type selector

Cung cp cc cng c thit k c bn

Room and Area

Cc cng c gn tn phng, din tch

Hnh 2.6 Design bar

Hnh 2.7 Project Browser

thit phi sn sinh ra cc hnh phi cnh, cc mt ct th chng trnh s t

Hnh 2.10 Drawing Area

hoc raster nh: phi cnh cng trnh c gn vt liu di nh sng mt

2.2.1 Lch s ca Trane

My nn xon c cng sut tm trung gii nhit gi v nc.