01

PENGANTAR SISTEM
PRODUKSI
Dosen : Much Djunaidi
Presentasi Kuliah
TKI-313 Sistem Produksi
Jurusan Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah
Surakarta

The Role and Importance of

Operations
Purchasing of Raw
Materials to meet
Production requirements

Ensuring appropriate
methods of
production are used

Managing Stock

Role of
Operations

Using quality techniques

to ensure maximum
quality output is achieved
from minimum inputs

Warehousing and
distribution of
finished products

The Role and Importance of

Operations
Operations is important because:
it is one of the CORE activities of any
business
It produces the products and services
which enable the business to make a
profit

OPERATING SYSTEMS
Sistem operasi memiliki 3 tahap berbeda:

Input
Raw material
Tenaga kerja
Energi

Proses

Output

Using different The actual goods

stocks in order
to produce a
different
product

INPUT, PROCESS, OUTPUT

Production Systems
Throughout the operations process decisions have to be made
about the nature of that process.

Planning - What to produce?

Production How to produce it?
Purchasing cost, quantities, quality?
Warehousing and storage (including stock control)
Distribution In-house or outsourced?

Each of these interact with other functional areas of

the Organisation.

PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN
MANUFACTURING
This is looking at:
the layout of the factory (where each stage of production
takes place)
by which machine or worker,
how many workers/how many machines.
The splitting up of the production process into small stages
or different jobs is called the division of labour.
A successful system will need a flow of stocks from one job
to another to make sure that there are no delays due to
shortages or bottlenecks

The main factors taken into consideration

when deciding which production system to
use are:

the nature of the product different products made

in different ways

the quantity to be produced mass production

techniques different to customised products

the resources available finance, number and skills

of staff, size and capacity of factory

Stage of development of business small

businesses tend to have limited capacity and lack of
resources as business grows they can extend product
range

The main factors taken into consideration when

deciding which production system to use are:
Labour intensive vs Capital intensive
Labour intensive is where the cost of labour is greater than the cost
of capital. In the developed country (UK, USA, Japan, etc), labour
is expensive and therefore there are very few companies which
are labour intensive. In other parts of the world labour is cheap
and therefore cost-effective.
Availability of technology
Continuing developments in technology (CAM, CAD, automation) allow
businesses to design, develop and produce products more quickly.
Robots can carry out very complicated tasks very quickly and with a
high degree of accuracy they can do jobs which humans cant and
there is less wastage and more consistent quality.

Labour Intensive Production

This occurs when:
The cost of labour is cheap and readily
available
The product requires craftmanship to produce
The business is small and does not have the
money to purchase expensive equipment
Disadvantages of labour intensive production:
Skilled workers are expensive to pay
Production is limited to small scale
Cannot take advantage of economies of scale
Consistent quality is hard to achieve

Capital Intensive Production

This occurs when:
A standard product is being produced with standard
operations
Labour supply is scare or expensive
Consistency of product and quality is required
economies of scale are desirable
Continuous production is required
Disadvantages of Capital Intensive Production:
Set-up costs are very high
Lost production time during breakdowns or
maintenance is very costly
Individual customer requirement cannot be met
Worker motivation can be low due to repetitive work