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Transformer Sizing
Transformer Sizing
TRANSFORMER
SIZING
2012
David L. Johnson
What is an instrument
transformer?
A current transformer (CT) is used for measurement of
electric currents. Current transformers, together with voltage
transformers (VT) or potential transformers (PT), are
known as instrument transformers. When current in a circuit
is too high to directly apply to measuring instruments
(meters), a current transformer produces a reduced current
accurately proportional to the current in the circuit, which can
be conveniently connected to measuring and recording
instruments (meters). A current transformer also isolates the
measuring instruments (meters) from what may be very high
voltage in the monitored circuit. Current transformers are
commonly used in metering and protective relays.
Why ?
When ?
How ?
Why ?
High Currents: over 200 amps
High Voltage: over 240 volts
When ?
Industrial
Commercial
Service greater than 200
amps
How ?
Secondary
Primary
Overhead Service
Underground Service
Styles
Window (doughnut)
Spade
Primary C.T.
P.T. or V.T.
2.4/1 P.T.
288/2.4=
120 volts
277/480 volt
service
4-wire wye
P.T. or V.T.
4/1 P.T.
480/4=
120 volts
480 volts
service
3-Wire Delta
C.T. Ratio
200/5
400/5
600/5
800/5
1000/5
=
=
=
=
=
40/1
80/1
120/1
160/1
200/1
Potential Transformer
(P.T.)
2.4/1
277/2.4=116
4/1
480/4=120
60/1
7200/60=120
volts
volts
volts
Understanding Ratios
The relation between two similar
magnitudes with respect to the number
of times the first contains the second:
the ratio of 200 to 5, written 200:5 or
200/5.
Example:
Name Plates
200 :5A
RF = 4.0
RF = 3.0
@
@
30C AMB
55C AMB
R.F.
Rating factor : The amount by which
the primary load current may be
increased over its name plate rating
without exceeding the allowable
temperature rise. Temperatures are
measured in C (celsius).
Rating Factors
Examples:
200 :5A
RF = 4.0
RF = 3.0
@
@
30C AMB
55C AMB
1200
RF 1.5 @30C
KVA
Converting KVA to amps
KVA x 1000 / line to line voltage / sq rt of 3 (1.732)
Examples:
Questions / Answers