TEMS Training

Jakarta, 16 Desember 2006

Data Mentor
Nama : Andu Hanindyo
Posisi Terakhir : Drive Test dan IBS Engineer
Spesialis : In Building Solution, Drive Test
Pengalaman Kerja :
- 2002-2006 : Drive test engineer untuk Indosat, Telkomsel
- 2005-2006 : IBS Engineer untuk Telkomsel, site audit

 INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION

whats TEMS
whats TEMS
TEMS as DRIVE TEST TOOLS
TEMS as DRIVE TEST TOOLS
drive testing highlight
drive testing highlight
mode of drive test
mode of drive test
scan
scan
TEMS to see how the network runs
TEMS to see how the network runs
the use
the use
what to see what to measure
what to see what to measure
cases
cases
guidelines
guidelines

Introduction
WHATS TEMS
TEMS = Test Mobile System
Product by ERICSSON
Solution Tools for Wireless Network to Plan, optimized,
and expand their systems.
A Test tool use to read and control information sent over the air
Interface between the base station and the mobile station in GSM
/cellular system. It can also used for radio coverage measurement

Introduction
WHATS TEMS
Product of TEMS
TEMS Transmitter
TEMS Light
TEMS Indoor
TEMS Investigation
TEMS Deskcat
TEMS Drive Tester
TEMS Pocket

TEMS Automatic

TEMS Automatic
TEMS CellSight
TEMS Visualization

TEMS CellPlanner
TEMS LinkPlanner

Introduction
WHATS TEMS

Introduction
WHATS TEMS

TEMS

TEMS INVESTIGATION
Software

Handset

Introduction
WHATS TEMS
TEMS Investigation version:
TEMS Classic/98
TEMS 2
TEMS 3
TEMS 4
TEMS 5
TEMS 6
TEMS 7

: SH888; post process with 3rd-party-s/w

: R230; post process with 3rd-party-s/w
: R520; post process with 3rd-party-s/w
: T68; export from TEMS
: T610; export from TEMS
: various handset; data collection & route analysis
: various handset; data collection & route analysis

As Drive Test Tools

DRIVE TESTING HIGHLIGHTS
Drive Test = Testing the network in particular area
to give the real picture of the networks
performance on the field, with a certain tools.

Drive Test

Planning

Implementation

Optimization

Michael pipikakis
Evaluating and Improving
The Quality of Service of
Second Generation Cellular
System
September,2004

As Drive Test Tools

DRIVE TESTING HIGHLIGHTS

Drive test

TEMS

As Drive Test Tools

DRIVE TESTING HIGHLIGHTS

TEMS
Handset

Drive Test Equipments

Laptop

Notes :
-power supply needed, usually using inverter in the car from laptop, GPS and MS
-GPS should use external antenna
-MS can use external antenna or not use external antenna.
(Use external antenna means measure RxLevel Pedestrian / Street Level)
(Not use external antenna means measure RxLevel In car level) -> more realistic result
If using scenario not external antenna, MS position should be carefully chosen and
stable during drive test

As Drive Test Tools

MODE OF DRIVE TEST
1. Dedicated / Continuous / Long Call Mode
Making continuous call along drive test
activity.
Before starting the route, call the drive test number, ex. 199 for Telkomsel,
And only stop the call when the route (drive test) finish.
To see the quality and coverage of the network

As Drive Test Tools

MODE OF DRIVE TEST
2. Idle Mode
Along the drive test activity, the MS is ON but no call occur
To see the coverage of the network

As Drive Test Tools

MODE OF DRIVE TEST
3. Sequential / Qos / Short Call Mode
Creating the sequence of call along the drive test activity
Before starting the route create call sequence, for example:
Create call for 70 s and idle for 10 s.
Along the drive test, play this sequence until the route is finished

To see the real network performance run, when people call

As Drive Test Tools

SCAN
one of TEMS feature
scan all or selected frequencies on the selected spot or route
to find the clearest frequency

Application of frequency plan

to find the best frequency to be use in the site
to identify interference adjacent channel and co channel

Clean
Frequency

To See How the Network Runs

THE USE
In PLANNING works:
Drive Test Before Installation
Perform drive test before our network implemented.
This data later will be compared with drive test after implementation,
to justify.

Drive Test Before SWAP

Before swap (change operator network), drive testing
needed to compare the current network with the network after swap.
To justify the new network is better than before.

Drive Test Benchmarking

Drive test the whole area for the whole active networks,
before our network implemented. So when our network
implemented, can be competed well.

etc

To See How the Network Runs

THE USE
In Implementation Works:
Drive Test New Site/ Initial Drive Test
Initiate the drive test after a site on-air. Make sure that site
perform well after on-air.

Test Call New Site

Conducting tests call at a new On-Air site, to justify the
performance of a site just after On-Air.

Drive Test Upgrade/Expand TRX

After implement new TRX or expand TRX, a drive test
performed to justify that site working well with the new TRX.

Drive Test SFH/Hopping implementation

After implement SFH/hopping in the network, a drive test
performed to justify that this hopping solution working well with the whole
network.

etc

To See How the Network Runs

THE USE
In Optimization works:
Drive Test Handover/ Add & Delete neighbors
Drive test conducted after theres changing in neighbours
database. Make sure the add really added and the delete really deleted.

Drive Test before & after Downtilt

Downtilt conducting, to get better coverage from each antenna.
Drive test performed to make sure the better coverage from each angle
changed.

Drive Test Network Audit

Performing drive test activity to maintain the whole network.
Could be an annual work.

Drive Test Benchmark

performing drive test to get justification about our network. Can compete or
not. With comparing the whole network including 'us in drive test.

Drive Test troubleshooting

Drive test for special troubleshooting case. Such as, a site that
cannot handover from sites surround it, a site that cannot transmit good
signal and cannot achieve its coverage.

etc,

How TEMS works?

Several measurement is only available and recorded in idle mode (C1,C2 etc)
Several measurement is only available and recorded in dedicated mode (RxQual, SQI, FER etc)
This is happen because of GSM system network works, not because setting in TEMS
There are several option/feature can be activated by user (force handover, lock handover etc)
which change TEMS measurement behavior
IMPORTANT NOTICE :
In GSM network there are a lot of parameters which change the network behavior, it is make the
network very flexible.
Due to this reason, TEMS has ability to monitor network with parameters on (FULL mode) and
with parameters off (SUB mode) for such as RxLev and RxQual.

When using FULL measurement result?

Whenever we want to see BTS parameters settings works at live network
DTX off

When using SUB measurement result ?

Whenever we want to see BTS works without parameters
DTX on

How TEMS measure FULL or SUB measurement?

TEMS record both SUB and FULL measurement at the same time and at the same log files, it is
just need to set what we wan to see in replay mode.

FULL

SUB
LOG FILE

To See How the Network Runs

WHAT TO SEE WHAT TO MEASURE
Parameters to See
1. RxLevel
Level of Received signal strength. In dBm or Steps. If the value in form of step substract 110
to the value to get dBm value.
RxLevel is received power level at MS (maximum RxLevel measured by MS is () 40 dBm

2. RxQual
Received signal quality level, measured base on BER (bit error rate).
The value is between 0-7, the lower the better.

Better

3. SQI
The parameter used by TEMS to measure Speech Quality.
SQI has been designed to cover all factors that RxQual lack to measure.
SQI computation considers the factors:
the bit error rate (BER)
the frame erasure rate (FER)
data on handover events
statistics on the distribution of these parameters

Better

To See How the Network Runs

WHAT TO SEE WHAT TO MEASURE
4. Others
FER
Frame erasure rate
BCCH-BSIC
Hopping
SFH
C/I
Interference
TA
Time Advance
C1
Path loss criterion parameter
C2
Cell reselection criterion parameter in hierarchical cell structure

4. Others
FER Frame erasure rate; See on Radio Parameter windows
ARFCN BCCH-BSIC Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number of Broadcast Control Channel .
Base Station Identity Code
Important data of a site
Hopping Indicating if SFH implemented. See on Current Channel windows, on hopping
channel, hopping frequencies, MAIO, HSN
C/I

The carrier-over-interference ratio is the ratio between the signal strength of the current
serving cell and the signal strength of undesired (interfering) signal components. The C/I
measurement function built into TEMS Investigation enables the identification of frequencies that are
exposed to particularly high levels of interference, something which comes in useful in the verification
and optimization of frequency plans.
TA

Timing Advance. Valid only in dedicated mode. ; To measure the distance of MS from
serving cell. Valid only in dedicated mode. See on Radio Parameter windows.
C1

criteria used for cell selection and cell reselection

C2

criteria used for cell reselection

To See How the Network Runs

CASES
The examples of How Drive Test can see a Network runs.

To See How the Network Runs

CASES
1. BTS Down
Get in to the site (whether its new or existing), then see on TEMS display,
At parameters BCCH, BSIC. If the intended sites BCCH doesnt appear, the site is Down
If we dont have the site data. We can go the exact position of the site, near/under the antenna.
Then see if on the serving cell, the Rxlev is good ( above -60 dBm)

To See How the Network Runs

CASES
2. Handover
We need to check the handover between sector1 of Site A to sector3 of Site B.
We start at the Site A. Check the parameters on TEMS. Make sure the serving cell now
Is from the sector1 of site A. See the neighbour, if the sector3 of site B appear.
Start the drive test, with dedicated mode, to site B sector3 (specified the route first).
The handover should be occur along this drive test. If its not, note this as a problem.
See any possibility of the problem, such as:
the neighbour not appear, possibility havent been created
theres other site between
theres obstacle
Then do the opposite, start from sector3 Site B to sector1 Site A.

To See How the Network Runs

CASES
3. Swap Feeder
Theres a possibility that we have bad installation, for example swap feeder.
Swap feeder occur when the installation switch by mistake, for example the feeder to sector1
Became to sector 2, from BTS.
We can see this from drive test.
For example, we have a site with 2 sectors, with a road in front it, to be covered.
We should have the data of this site, such as the BCCH of each sectors.
We start the drive test from sector 1 to sector 2. While were on sector1 coverage, see if the
BCCH of serving cell is the correct one, according to the data we have.
And do the opposite from sector 2 coverage to sector1

sect2
sect1

To See How the Network Runs

CASES
4. Overshoot
When we get the signal from the site that not close to the current area drive test.
Usually we get bad RxQual and long/bigger TA.
We can suspect this as a overshoot case. This case happen when a site/cell is serving far
away from its area.

Guidelines
Drive Test Types
1.

Drive Test Continuous Route

Drive Test is walk/ drive along the route non stop

2.

Hot Spots Measurement

Drive Test only at certain spot (usually critical point), TEMS standing still, no movement for 15 minutes but still recording.
Usually for scanning frequency or to investigate more detailed network behaviour

Guidelines
Drive Test Guideline
1.
2.
3.

4.

5.

Preparation
Dont go to the field without a good preparation. Prepare the tools completeness, maps, cars,
scenarios, sites data, knowing area we are heading to.
Check Tools
Beside checking the tools completeness. Also check each tools if its working well, such as
the GPS, inverter, handset, including SIM card.
Some Rules
- Avoid to have the same route twice, or go on the same road twice.
- Beware of certain area, such as restricted area, one way street, traffic jam streets.
- Create simple/effective way of scenarios, where to start until finishing the route.
- Good cooperation with driver.
- Make sure the roads on the route, can represent the whole network as samples.
Pay Attention
Even if were only collecting data, we must focus on our activity. Avoid the things that can
make us re-drive test , such as, data cable unplugged from its MS, forget to turn-off the GPRS
mode when we dont need GPRS to measure, run out GPS batteries, forget to record, forget
the purpose of the drive test, assure the data collected is right, pay attention of car speed,
create notes for special events, etc.
Reporting and Analysis
TEMS can divided as two, data collection and analysis. After drive test on the field, we must
provide data to be analyze and reported. Make sure we can create a good report and analyze
well, by performing all of the points above.

Guidelines
Reporting Guidelines
1.

Drive test report basically can be divided as two: Plot and Statistic.

BCCH:

59

logfile

floor

RxLevel Average

% RxQual Data
=0

BRI1

-65.12706271

93%

BRI2

-58.26292629

98%

BRI3

-57.53480663

87%

Statistics

Plot

2.

Before we can create the report, make sure we have the right standard for each value
reported. Such as how many ranges the treshold of RxLevel, and RxQual. The color
ranges of SQI and FER, etc.

3.

Export the right data for Plotting. To create Plot report, for example we need the logfile
to be mapinfo files. Make sure we have TEMS 4 above, that can directly export the
logfile into mapinfo file. Or, if we have TEMS 3 below, make sure we have third-party
software that can create it, such as GIMS.

4.

Ms
id

For statistic report, usually we only need the excel file and some of mapinfo data.
Each version of TEMS investigation can export the logfile into text file, *.fmt. This
format can open , and manage with Microsoft Excel.
TIME

FRAME

POSITION

LAT

LON

MESSAGE TYPE

HEXADECIMAL STRING

MS1

15:41.7

2609056

S 0000.0240

E 00000.0314

PAGING REQUEST TYPE 1

0F 0F 25 06 21 00 05 F4 30 A2 DB CC 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B

MS1

15:43.1

2609362

S 0000.0240

E 00000.0318

PAGING REQUEST TYPE 1

0F 0F 15 06 21 00 01 F0 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B

MS1

15:44.5

2609668

S 0000.0240

E 00000.0319

PAGING REQUEST TYPE 3

0F 0F 4D 06 24 00 30 C3 AC 76 30 C2 33 8E 30 C3 0F AF 30 C3 16 3E 83 2B 2B

MS1

15:45.9

2609975

S 0000.0240

E 00000.0322

PAGING REQUEST TYPE 1

0F 0F 41 06 21 00 05 F4 30 C3 9B 1A 17 05 F4 30 C3 AD 45 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B

MS1

15:46.1

2610013

S 0000.0239

E 00000.0322

IDLE MODE REPORT

0E CF E2 00 0C D0 56 10 4D DA 0F CB D7 10 09 DA 0E 88 00 0F 46 80

MS1

15:47.3

2610281

S 0000.0239

E 00000.0327

PAGING REQUEST TYPE 1

0F 0F 25 06 21 00 05 F4 30 C2 D0 1B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B 2B

5.

Following the standard report of the customers.

Layer 3 Messages
-To Monitor the event and signaling sent and received by Phone
- List Messages of event and signaling

-Often use in analysis, after Drive Test

completed
-Replay the logfile, click a point on the
route marker on map window,
then see on layer 3 messages windows,
detailed information on the
associated messages appears in this window
-Can double-click each list message from
that window to open a new window
displaying the full contents of the message.

Scanning Function inside TEMS

TEMS Investigation supports scanning of radio frequency carriers (channels),
using either a ordinary TEMS mobile station or a dedicated frequency scanner mobile,
the TEMS Scanner.
Scanning is handled from the Frequency Scanner window, and here the output
of the scan is displayed, too

Scanning Function inside TEMS

BCCH

BSIC

Average Rx Level (dBm)

51

35

-104

52

-115

53

26

-110

54

-114

55

-105

56

-115

57

26

-111

58

-114

59

-115

60

-115

61

-111

62

-113

63

-115

64

-115

65

-115

66

15

-110

67

-114

68

-114

69

-114

70

-114

Scanning Function inside TEMS

Procedure:

Selecting Channels

In the Frequency Scanner window, choose the unit to use as scanner in the
combo box.
Click the Measurement Settings button.
The channel selection is handled from the Scanned channels tab:

Checking "Decode BSIC" causes the Base Station

Identity Code to be decoded. It will be shown in the
table to the right in the Frequency Scanner window

Scanning Function inside TEMS

Performing Scan
To start scanning, click the Start Scanning button.
While the scanning is going on, the status bar shows the padlock symbol , indicating that the scanner is busy.
To stop scanning, click the Stop Scanning button.

Presenting Scan
Bar Chart
Line Chart
Table

Scanning Function inside TEMS

After Process / Report
Plot
Directly capture
Export to Mapinfo
Spreedsheet
Export to text (.fmt), open and process with Excel spreedsheet

BCCH

BSIC

Average Rx Level
(dBm)

51

35

-104

52

-115

53

26

-110

54

-114

55

-105

56

-115

57

26

-111

58

-114

59

-115

60

-115

61

-111

62

-113

63

-115

64

-115

65

-115

66

15

-110

67

-114

68

-114

69

-114

70

-114

HINTS for MS:

Life time MS measurement equipment maximum 1 year, if more than 1 year need to be recalibrate
Calibration MSs cost almost the same price buy a new one
Ericsson only support 2 version below for re-calibrate (eq : latest version is TEMS 7.0, means
only can re-calibrate handset at version 5)
If MS not calibrated or buy a new one, it will impact into the measurement (such as RxLevel and
RxQual) will reduced and not valid => KPI will not achived
TEMS always have bugs (even latest version) both coming from software or from type MS itself,
need knowledge to anticipated it (such as wrong RxLevel recorded)

HINTS for PC/Laptop:

PC which use for TEMS
should turn off any usage of
COM, IR, bluetooth, Wi-Fi,
any accessories attached at
PC should be turn off, set PC
into Maximum Performance
at Control Panel-System
Slow PC, low memory, low
HD capacity will make MS
disconnected suddenly when
TEMS use for a long time,
same things happened if the
battery of PC/laptop is too hot
Turn off power saving feature
in the laptop/PC
Turn off screen saver
It would be better drive test
laptop is only for do drive test
not for daily routine

HINTS for Drive Test:

Make sure all connections cable at TEMS system is tight, as well external antenna
For indoor drive test, MS position is very crucial because some MS location can increase body
loss or other losses (such as MS put behind laptop or put MS near body)
Avoid doing drive test at busy hour especially will increase loss (eq : a lot of people in the mall will
increase body loss, a lot of car in the basement, traffic jam)
For 3G drive test, more user using 3G will reduce quality, do drive test at low traffic is essential
Drive test indoor need constant speed walk test (idle mode slower than dedicated mode)
Drive test outdoor should be constant and not to fast ( max 40 km/h inner city and max 60 km/h
outer city)
Drive test recorded more than once at the same route (if possible) because it always given result
slightly different. Take the best one as a report
Result Drive Test route for outdoor drive test should be ignored when drive test route inside
tunnel, on top of fly over road, below fly over road, bridge. Pay attention that GPS cant work well
if no LOS into the sky

Reference

Ericsson.com/tems
Michael Pipikakis, Evaluating and Improving The Quality of Service of Second
Generation Cellular System, September,2004
TEMS Investigation 4.0 Manual
TEMS Investigation 2.03 Manual
TEMS Investigation 7.0 Product Description

END