Scheme of M.Tech.

Digital Electronics & Advanced Communication (DEAC)

(Applicable to the students admitted 2011 onwards)
Year
I

Sub.Code
MAT-501
ECE-501
ECE-503
ECE-505
ECE-507
HSS-501
ECE-511

First Semester
Title Of Subject
Probability, Random Variables
and Stochastic Processes
Advanced Digital Communication
Analog & RF VLSI Design
Processor architecture and
applications
Detection and Estimation theory
Research Methodology
DEAC Laboratory I
TOTAL

Year
II

Sub.Code
ECE-699

Title Of Subject
Project Work

Program Electives
Elective-I
ECE 540 Optical Fiber Communication
ECE 541 Microwave and Millimetre wave Antenna
ECE 542 Radar Systems
ECE 543 Data Compression
ECE 544 CAD Tools for VLSI
ECE 545 High Speed Digital Design
ECE 546 Time-Frequency & Wavelet Transforms
ECE 547 Semiconductor Device Physics
Elective-II
ECE 548 System on Chip Design
ECE 549 Spread Spectrum Communication
ECE 550 Nonlinear Fiber Optics
ECE 551 Coding Theory
ECE 552 Digital Speech Processing
ECE 553 VLSI Testing & Testability
ECE 554 Embedded System design
ECE 555 Introduction to MEMS Technology
ECE 556 VLSI Physical Design and Verification

L
4

T
0

P
0

C
4

Sub.
Code
ECE-502

Second Semester
Title Of The Subject
Wireless Communication

L
3

T
1

P
0

C
4

3
4
4

1
0
0

0
0
0

4
4
4

ECE-504
ECE ***
ECE ***

Advanced Digital Signal Processing

Program Elective - I
Program Elective II

4
4
4

0
0
0

0
0
0

4
4
4

3
1
0

1
0
0

0
3
6

4
2
2

ECE ***
*** ***
ECE-512
ECE-514

Program Elective III

Open Elective
DEAC Laboratory II
Seminar

19

24

4
3
0
0
22

0
0
0
0
1

0
0
6
3
9

4
3
2
1
26

L
0

T
0

P
0

TOTAL
C
40

Elective-III
ECE 557 Quantum Information Science
ECE 557 Quantum Information Science
ECE 558 Digital Image Processing
ECE 559 Communication Networks and Protocols
ECE 560 Nanophotonics
ECE 561 Cryptography & Network Security
ECE 562 Large Area Micro Electronics
ECE 563 RF Microelectronics Chip Design
ECE 564 Analog VLSI for Signal Processing
Open Electives
ECE 565 ARM Processor and Application
ECE 566 Nanoelectronics
ECE 567 Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic

MAT 501: Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes [4 0 0 4]

Total number of lecture hours 48
Statistical Inference:
Random Sampling, Sampling distributions, Parameter Estimation and Hypothesis Testing, Regression,
Correlation and Analysis of Variance - Examples.
Stochastic Processes :
Static probabilities : review and prerequisites generating functions, difference equations. Dynamic
probability : definition and description with examples. Markov chains, transition probabilities, Chapmen
Kolmogrov equations. Classification of states, chains of Markov process. Stability of Markov systems,
limiting behaviour, random walk.
Poisson Processes : assumptions and derivations, related distributions, birth and death processes. Queuing
System, general concepts, Model M/M/1 and M/M/S, steady state behvaour, transient behaviour.
Reference Books:
1. Hogg & Craig (1975), Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, 4 th Edn., MacMillan,
2. J.Medhi, Stochastic Processes.
3. A. Papoulis and S.U. Pillai, Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes, McGraw
Hill, 2002.
4. P. Z. Peebles Jr., Probability, Random Variables and Random Signal Principles, McGraw Hill
International Edition, 2001, Singapore.

ECE - 501

ADVANCED DIGITAL COMMUNICATION [3-1-0-4]

Total number of lecture hours: 48

Signal space representation. Representation of digitally modulated signals, Spectral characteristics of

digitally modulated signals.
Performance of optimum receivers, optimum receivers for signals with random phase in AWGN channels,
Synchronization issues.
Convolutional codes, Viterbi algorithm, sequential decoding algorithms, performance with soft and hard
decoding,TCM and Turbo coding techniques.
Modulation and Diversity reception techniques to counter fading, Introduction to space- time coding
techniques.
References
1.Proakis. J. G.&Masoud Salehi, Digital communications McGraw Hill publication,2007
2.Sklar B ,Digital Communication:Fundamentals & Applications, Pearson Education,2001.
3.Rodger E Zeimer & Wiiliam H Tranter, Principles of Communication:sytem,modulation,noiseWiley
publication , 2007
4.Simon Haykin, Digital Communications,Wiley student edition, 2006

ECE 503 ANALOG & RF VLSI DESIGN [4-0-0-4]

Total number of lecture hours: 48
Introduction to Analog Design: Design flow, Digital v/s Analog Design, MOS device physics, Longchannel and short-channel devices, Second-order effects-Channel length modulation, Bulk effect, Lowfrequency and high-frequency MOS models in saturation, MOS SPICE models, Noise in MOS devices,
Design issues, Analog Design Octagon, Analog design applications.
Current sources and sinks: simple and cascode current mirror, Widlar current mirror, Wilson Current
mirror, sensitivity analysis, High-performance wide-swing current mirrors.
Active Loads & Voltage & current references.
CMOS Amplifiers: CS, CD, CG with different active loads (diode-connected MOS load, current
source/sink load, ideal current load etc) considering second-order effects, voltage gain, input and output
impedances, Miller effect, frequency response, noise and distortion analysis, Telescopic and Folded
cascode amplifiers, Differential amplifier, Differential and common-mode gain, CMRR, Cascode
differential amplifier, Gilbert cell, Current differential amplifiers.
CMOS Operational Amplifier: Basic two-stage CMOS Op-amp design (with and without buffer),
frequency response & compensation, Operational Transconductance Amplifiers(OTA) , Wide-swing OTA,
Folded-cascode OTA, Fully differential Op-amp/OTA.
Voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), Phase Locked Loops (PLL), dynamics and applications.
Analog Layout considerations: Review of CMOS layout and design rules, CMOS process errors due to
lateral diffusion, oxide encroachement, over etching etc, antenna effect, Layout for resistor and capacitor,
Analog layout techniques like interdigitization ,symmetry, common centroid geometry, dummy strip etc,
Layout of analog circuits like current mirror, difference amplifier, cascode amplifier etc
CMOS RF Circuit Design: MOSFET models at RF frequencies, Noise Performance and limitations of
devices, Integrated parasitic elements at high frequencies, overview of RF circuit design: Design issues
involved, Design of basic blocks in RF systems like Mixers, VCOs, RF synthesizers, frequency dividers,
RF power amplifier, RF filters.
References:
1Behzad Razavi,Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits,Tata McGraw-Hill, 2002.
2David A.Johns, Ken Martin, Analog Integrated Circuit Design, Johns Wiley & Sons, 2002.
3R.Jacob Baker, Harry W.Li, David E.Boyce, CMOS circuit design, Layout, and Simulation, IEEE Press,
PHI Pvt Ltd, 1998.
4Phillip. E. Allen, and Douglas R. Holberg , CMOS Analog Circuit Design ,Second edition, Oxford
University Press,2004.
5Thomas H.Lee, "Design of CMOS RF Integrated Circuits" Cambridge University, 2004.

ECE 505 PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE & APPLICATIONS [4-0-0-4]

Total number of lecture hours: 48
Processor Datapath and control: Building a Datapath, A simple implementation scheme, A Multicycle
Implementation.
Pipelining: Pipelining Basics, Pipeline Hazards, Pipelined Datapath, Pipelined Control, Data Hazards &
Forwarding, Data Hazards & stalls, Branch Hazards, HDL model of a pipeline, Advanced Pipelining,
Pentium 4 pipeline.
Memory Hierarchy : Introduction, Basics of Cache,
Measuring & improving Cache Performance, Six Basic cache optimizations, Virtual Memory, Memory
Hierarchy Design.
I/O interface: Programmed I/O, Interrupt I/O, DMA
Instruction-Level Parallelism: Concepts & Challenges, Basic Compiler techniques, Branch Prediction,
Dynamic Scheduling, Hardware-Based Speculation, Multiple Issue & Static Scheduling, Advanced
Techniques for Instruction Delivery & Speculation, Intel Pentium 4, Limitations of ILP.
Multiprocessors :Taxonomy of Parallel Architectures, Symmetric Shared-Memory Architectures, Cache
Coherence, Basic Schemes for enforcing Coherence, Snooping Protocols & Directory-Based Coherence,
Vector processors.
MSP430 Microcontroller Architecture & Applications.
Architecture of Digital Signal Processors: Need for special DSPs, Special features of Digital Signal
Processors, finite word length effects, quantization errors.
Architecture and features of floating point processors (TI 6X, families).
DSP development tools - introduction to ccs studio & Simulink.
Applications using Digital Signal Processors: Digital filtering, Speech and image processing etc.
References :
1. David A.Patterson & John L.Hennessy, Computer Organization and Design-The
Hardware/Software Interface, Third Edition, Elsevier, 2005
2. John L.Hennessy and David A.Patterson, Computer Architecture-A Quantitative Approach,
Fourth Edition, Elsevier,2007
3. Phil Lapsley, DSP Processor Fundamentals, IEEE Press, 1997
4.

Sen M. Kuo, Woon-Seng Gan Digital Signal Processors, Pearson, 2005

ECE - 507 DETECTION & ESTIMATION THEORY

[3-1-0-4]

Total number of lecture hours: 48

Statistical communication theory: Representation of deterministic signals, orthogonal representation of
signals. Dimensionality of signal spaces. Construction of orthogonal basis functions. Time-bandwidth
relationship: RMS duration and bandwidth, uncertainty relations.
Review of random processes: Definition and classification, stochastic integrals, Fourier transforms of
random processes, stationary and non-stationary processes, correlation functions. Ergodicity, power
spectral density, transformations of random processes by linear systems. Representation of random
processes (via sampling, K-L expansion & narrow band representations), special random processes (white
Gaussian noise, Wiener-Levy processes, special random processes, shot-noise processes Markov
processes).
Optimum filtering: Matched filters for deterministic signals in white and coloured Gaussian noise, Wiener
filters for random signals in white and coloured Gaussian noise, Discrete and continuous time filters.
Detection and estimation : Hypothesis testing- Bayes, Minimax and Neyman-Pearson criteria, Types of
estimates and error bounds, General Gaussian problem, Detection and estimation in coloured noise,
Elements sequential and non-parametric detection. Wiener-Hopf and Kalman filtering, applications to
communications, radar and sonar systems.
References:
1. Van Trees HL,Detection Estimation and Modulation Theory,JohnWiley, New
York,2002.
2. Srinath MD,.Rajasekran PK & Viswanathan R, Introduction to Statistical Signal
Processing with Application, PHI ,1995.
3. Hancock and Wintz. Signal detection theory,2002.

HSS-501 Research Methodology and Technical Presentation [1 0 3 2]

Mechanics of Research Methodology- Types of research, Significance of research, Research framework,
Case study method, Experimental method, Sources of data, Data collection using questionnaire,
Interviewing, and experimentation. Research formulation- Components, selection and formulation of a
research problem, Objectives of formulation, and Criteria of a good research problem. Research
hypothesis- Criterion for hypothesis construction, Nature of hypothesis, Need for having a working
hypothesis, Characteristics and Types of hypothesis, Procedure for hypothesis testing. Sampling MethodsIntroduction to various sampling methods and their applications. Data Analysis- Sources of data, Collection
of data, Measurement and scaling technique, and Different techniques of Data analysis. Thesis Writing and
Journal Publication-Writing thesis, Writing journal and conference papers, IEEE and Harvard styles of
referencing, Effective presentation, Copyrights, and avoiding plagiarism.
References:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Dr Ranjit Kumar, Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners, SAGE, 2005.
Geoffrey R. Marczyk, David DeMatteo & David Festinger, Essentials of Research Design and
Methodology, John Wiley & Sons, 2004.
John W. Creswel , Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches,
SAGE, 2004
Suresh C. Sinha and Anil K. Dhiman, Research Methodology (2 Vols-Set), Vedam Books, 2006.

5.

C. R. Kothari, Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques, New Age International Publisher,
2008.
6. Donald R Cooper & Pamela S Schindler, Business Research Methods, McGraw Hill International,
2007.
7. R. Pannershelvam, Research Methodology, Prentice Hall, India, 2006
8. Manfred Max Bergman, Mixed Methods Research, SAGE Books, 2006.
9. Paul S. Gray, John B. Williamson, David A. Karp, John R. Dalphin, The Research Imagination,
Cambridge University press, 2007.
10. Cochrain & Cox, Experimental Designs, II Edn. Wiley Publishers, 2006.

ECE 502

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

[3-1-0-4]

Total number of lecture hours 48

Modeling of wireless channels, wireless channel as a random linear time varying system, stochastic
characterization of time varying systems.
Wireless channel modeling, Wide-sense stationary uncorrelated scattering assumption; characterizing key
parameters of wireless channels, wireless channel discretization and discrete-time representation
Noncoherent and coherent reception - error probability for uncoded transmission. Time diversity,
interleaving, constellation rotation Frequency diversity, spread spectrum systems for anti jamming and
counter multipath fading- CDMA. Rake receiver; code design for wireless channels, product distance
design criterion, diversity order estimates on the basis of the scattering function. OFDM, MC-CDMA, SCFDE, DFT spread OFDM, MIMO systems and space time coding.
Capacity of parallel Gaussian channels; capacity of fading channels: ergodic capacity and outage capacity;
high versus low SNR regime; waterfilling capacity.
References
1. D. Tse and P. Vishwanath, Fundamentals of Wireless Communication, Cambridge University
Press, 2005
2. T. S. Rappaport, Wireless Communication: Principles and Practice, Pearson, 2002
3. J. G. Proakis and M. Salehi, Digital Communications, McGraw-Hill, 2008
4. K. Fazel and S. Kaiser, Multicarrier and Spread Spectrum Systems, Wiley, 2003
5.
ECE-504

ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

[4-0-0-4]

Total number of lecture hours: 48

Review of Signals, Fourier representations, DFT & FFT, IIR and FIR filters
Multi-rate Systems, Decimation and Interpolation (integer and fractional), Decimation Filters, Interpolation
Filters, Interpolated FIR Filters for Decimation and Interpolation Filters, Perfect Reconstruction, Poly
Phase Filter Structure, Polyphase Filter Structure for Decimation and Interpolation, Filter Banks, Uniform
DFT Filter Bank, Quadrature Mirror Filter Bank (QMF), Half band and multiband filters, PR systems
Principle of Adaptive filters, Tapped Delay Line and Weiner Filters, Steepest Descent Algorithm, Least
Mean Square (LMS) Algorithm, Direct Least Square and Recursive Least Square (RLS) Algorithms,
Application of Adaptive Filters as Noise Canceller, Echo Canceller, Side lobe Canceller, Adaptive Line
Enhancer.

Homomorphic system, Complex Cepstrum, Properties of complex Cepstrum, Complex Cepstrum of

exponential signals, Real Cepstrum, Implementation of cepstrum using DFT, Hilbert transform relations in
cepstral analysis, Homomorphic systems for convolution and deconvolution, Examples of Homomorphic
signal processing; - Communication signal processing and Speech processing.
Discrete-time random processes, Signal modeling, Spectrum estimation
References:
1. J. G. Proakis and D.G. Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms, and
Applications, 4/e, Pearson Education, 2007.
2. P. P Vaidyanathan, Multirate Systems And Filter Banks, Prentice Hall, India,1993.
3. A.V Oppenheim.and R.W. Schafer, Digital Signal Processing, Prentice Hall, 1992.
4. S. J Orfanidis, Optimum Signal Processing, Mc Graw Hill , NJ ,2007.
5. Elliot et al , DSP Handbook
6. M H Hayes, Statistical signal processing and modeling, John Wiley &Sons, Inc, 2002,

ECE - 540 OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION [4-0-0-4]

Total number of lecture hours: 48
Eigenvalue equation and its solution for planar waveguides. Modes supported by a planar waveguide.
Power associated with modes, weakly guiding approximation, birefringence.
Derivation of eigenvalue equation for step index fibers and its solution. Modes in an optical fiber. Linearly
polarized modes and weakly guiding approximation. Birefringnece in optical fibers
Losses in optical fibers due to absorption and scattering. Signal distortion due to dispersion. Intermodal and
intramodal dispersion. Material and waveguide dispersion. Polarization mode dispersion. Dispersion
compensation techniques.
Theory of optical amplification. Energy levels in EDFA. Pump threshold condition. Applications of EDFA.
Review of semiconductor theory. Semiconductor sources and detectors for optical fiber communication,
Introduction to Quantum well structures.
Optical power coupling into fibers. Fiber splicing and connectors. Link power and rise time budgeting.
Analog and digital fiber optic communication system analysis. WDM systems and components. Impacts of
fiber nonlinearities on fiber optic communication system.
Attenuation and dispersion measurements in an optical fiber. OTDR. Concept of RMS pulse and spectral
width.
References:
1. G. Keiser, Optical Fiber Communication, McGraw Hill, 2010.
2. M. Sathish Kumar, Fundamentals of Optical Fiber Communication, Prentice Hall of India, 2009.
3. J. Senior and M. Y. Jamro, Optical Fiber Communications: Principles and Practice, Pearson,
2009.

4. A. Ghatak and K. Thyagarajan, Introduction to Fiber Optics, Cambridge University Press, 1998
5. A. Yariv and P. Yeh, Photonics: Optical Electronics in Modern Communications, Oxford
University Press, 2007

ECE 541 MICROWAVE & MILLIMETER ANTENNAS [4-0-0-4]

Total Number of lecture hours: 48
Types of pure mode horns, design of pyramidal horns, wide band range loaded horns, multi mode horns,
corrugated and their radiation characteristics.
Analysis and radiation characteristics of symmetrical paraboloidal reflector antennas; Different types of
dual reflector antennas and their characteristics, offset reflector antennas.
Basic lens antenna operation, lens shape design.
Basic configuration and advantages, radiation mechanism, Basic characteristics, feeding techniques, Broadbanding techniques, phased arrays, conformal Microstrip antennas, future developments.
Periodic dielectric antennas, leaky wave antennas, tapered slot antennas, printed circuit antennas.
Introduction to active integrated antennas, active devices and passive elements, quasi optical systems,
spatial power combining oscillator and amplifier, active antenna characteristics and measurements.
Beam forming antennas, satellite antennas, antennas for medical applications, antenna for radiometry and
remote sensing.
Outdoor and compact range measurement arrangements, anechoic chamber, pattern measurement, gain
measurement, polarization measurement.
References:
1. C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory, John Wiley and Sons. Inc., 2010
2. John Kraus, Antenna and wave Propagation, Tata McGraw Hill, 2010
3. Warren L. Stutzman, Gary A. Thiele, Antennas Theory and Design, John Wiley and sons, 2009
4. P. S. Neelakanta and R. Chatterjee, Antennas for Information Super Skyways-An Exposition to Outdoor
and Indoor Wireless Antennas, Prentice Hall of India, 2008

ECE - 542

RADAR SYSTEMS

[4-0-0-4]

Total number of lecture hours: 48

Introduction to Radar Systems Radar block diagram, Radar Equation, Target echo information extraction,
Integration of Radar Pulses, Pulse Repetition Frequency and Range Ambiguities, General Radar range
equation, Beacon and Repeater equations.
Radar transmitters- high power transmitting devices, Receivers- special design considerations, low noise
receivers, Duplexer, Indicators and Displays.

Radar Antennas- Forms of antennas, side lobe suppression techniques, Electronically Steered Phased Array
Antennas.
Tracking Radar - Tracking with Radar, Sequential Lobing, Conical Scan, Monopulse Tracking Radar
Amplitude Comparison Monopulse (one- and two- coordinates), Phase Comparison Monopulse. Target
Reflection Characteristics and Angular Accuracy. Tracking in Range, Acquisition and Scanning Patterns.

Detection of radar signals in noise- Matched filter receiver, correlation detection, detection criteria,

Noyman-Pearson observer. Detection characteristics. Envelop detector, optimum detector low logarithmic
detector, zero crossing detector, coherent detector, Automatic detection - CFAR Receiver, Cell Averaging
CFAR Receiver, CFAR uses in Radar.

Extraction of information from radar signals - Phase and amplitude measurements, statistical estimation of
parameters, likelihood function, theoretical accuracy of range and Doppler, velocity measurements,
uncertainty relation, angular accuracy, transmitted waveforms, ambiguity diagram, pulse compression,
clutter. Digital signal processing of radar signals, digital matched filters for radar signals, Doppler
processing to combat clutter problems.
High Resolution Radar-Synthetic Aperture Radar, Bistatic Radar, comparison of bistatic and monostatic
radar, Fundamentals of bistatic synthetic aperture Radar(BSAR).
References:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

M.I.Skolnik, Introduction to Radar Systems, 3rd Ed., McGraw Hill, 2003.

Peyton Z. Peebles Jr., Radar Principles, John Wiley, 2004.
Edde Byron, Radar: Principles, Technology, Applications, Prentice- Hall
David Barton , Radar system analyses and Modeling, Artech house, 2005.
Moccia Antonio, Bistatic radar emerging technology, John Wiley, 2008.

ECE - 543

DATA COMPRESSION

education ,2004.

[4-0-0-4]

Total number of lecture hours: 48

Compression techniques, modeling and coding. Introduction to information theory, models, coding

Algorithm, Adaptive Huffman coding, Golomb codes, Rice codes, Tunstall codes Coding
generating a binary code, comparison of Huffman and Arithmetic coding, Applications

sequence,

Static dictionary, adaptive dictionary, applications.

Prediction with partial match, the Burrows-Wheeler transform, CALIC, JPEG-LS, multi resolution
approaches, Facsimile encoding, dynamic Markov compression.

Information theory revised, Distortion criteria, models

The quantisation problem, uniform quantizer, adaptive quantizer, non uniform quantizer, entropy-coded
quantization

Advantages, the Linde-Buzo-Gray algorithm, tree-structured vector quantizers, structured vector

quantizers, variations on the theme, Trellis-coded quantization.

Algorithm, prediction in DPCM, adaptive DPCM, Delta modulation, speech coding

Vector spaces, Fourier series, Fourier Transforms, Sampling, DFT, Z-transform.

The Transform, types, quantization and coding of transform coefficients, Applications to image
compression and audio compression

Filters, the basic sub band coding algorithms, bit allocation, application to speech coding and audio coding,
Application to image compression
Wavelets, multi resolution analysis and the scaling function, implementation using filters, image
compression, JPEG 2000

References:

1. Khalid Sayood, Introduction to Data Compression," Addison Wesley. 2000.

2. Jayanth, Peter, Noll,
Digital Coding & Waveforms,
3. David Salomon, "Data Compression," 2nd Edn., Springer,2000.

Prentice

Hall,

1984.

4. Toby Berger, "Rate Distortion Theory: A Mathematical Basis for Data Compression,"Prentice Hall,
1971.
5. Thomas M. Cover, Joy A. Thomas, "Elements of Information Theory", John Wiley & Sons, Inc,1991.
6. Ali N. Akansu, Richard A. Haddad, "Multi resolution signal decomposition: Transforms, Subbands and
Wavelets," Academic Press, 1992.
ECE 544 CAD TOOLS FOR VLSI [4-0-0-4]
Total number of lecture hours: 48
Semiconductor device fabrication techniques-NMOS, PMOS and CMOS. Stick diagram and Design rules
for MOS Circuits. PLA circuit implementation. Semiconductor TCAD Tool-SILVACO.
Basic of Graph Theory- Types of graph.Graph optimization problems and Algorithms.
Introduction to PLDs, Types, Boolean logic implementation, Classification of FPGA, Switching
technology.
Cell-library binding-Subject graph, Pattern Graph and simple library design. Tree based covering using
Dynamic programming and using Automata.Look-up table and Anti-fuse based FPGAs.

State diagram, state flow sequencing graph, Architectural synthesis:- strategies for architectural
optimizations, Area/Latency,Cycle-time/Latency and Cycle-time/Area optimizations.
Model for scheduling problems, scheduling with resource and without resource constraints.
Two level combinational logic synthesis and optimization- Exact and Heuristic method, Sequential logic
Optimization.
Fault simulation techniques, automatic test pattern generation method (ATPG), Fault collapsing Technique,
design for testability (DFT) techniques.
References:
1.Pucknell D.A., Eshraghian K. , Basic VLSI design, PHI publication, New Delhi,2004.
2.Giovanni De Michelli , Synthesis and Optimisation of Digital Circuits, Tata-McGraw Hill, New
Delhi,1994.
3.Gary D. Hachtel, Fabio Somenzi , Logic Synthesis and Verification Algorithm, Kluwer Academic
Publication, Boston,2002.
4. A.Anand Kumar, Switching Theory and Logic Design, PHI publication, New Delhi, 2009.
5. M.J.S.Smith , Application Specific ICs, Addison Wesley,1997.
6. Charles Roth and Lizy John, Principles of Digital System Design, Cengage Learning ,2009.

ECE -545 HIGH SPEED DIGITAL DESIGN [4-0-0-4]

Total number of lecture Hours: 48
Introduction to high speed digital design: Frequency, time and distance issues in digital VLSI design.
Capacitance and inductance effects, high speed properties of logic gates, speed and power. Modeling of
wires, geometry and electrical properties of wires, Electrical models of wires, transmission lines, lossless
LC transmission lines, lossy RLC transmission lines and special transmission lines.

Power distribution and Noise: Power supply network, local power regulation, IR drops, area bonding. Onchip bypass capacitors and symbiotic bypass capacitors. Power supply isolation. Noise sources in digital
systems, power supply noise, crosstalk and inter symbol interference.
Signaling convention and circuits: Signaling modes for transmission lines, signaling over lumped
transmission media, signaling over RC interconnect, driving lossy LC lines, simultaneous bi-directional
signaling terminations, transmitter and receiver circuits.
Terminations and vias: Types of terminations. AC biasing for end terminations, resistor selection,
crosstalk in terminators, properties of vias, capacitance of vias, inductance of vias, return current and its
relation to vias.
Timing convention and synchronisation: Timing fundamentals, timing properties of clocked storage
elements, signals and events, open loop timing, level sensitive clocking, pipeline timing, closed loop
timing, clock distribution, synchronization failure and meta-stability, clock distribution, clock skew and
methods to reduce clock skew, controlling crosstalk in clock lines, delay adjustments, clock oscillators and
clock jitter - PLL and DLL based clock aligners.

References:
1. William S. Dally & John W. Poulton, Digital Systems Engineering, Cambridge University Press,
1998.
2. Howard Johnson & Martin Graham, High Speed Digital Design: A Handbook of Black Magic,
Prentice Hall PTR, 1993.
3. Masakazu Shoji, High Speed Digital Circuits, Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 1996.
4. Jan M, Rabaey, et al, Digital Integrated Circuits: A Design Perspective, Pearson, 2003.
ECE 546 TIME-FREQUENCY AN WAVELET TRANSFORMS [4-0-0-4]
Total number of lecture hours: 48
Time-frequency analysis and wavelet transforms. Stationary and non-stationary signals. Short-time Fourier
transform (STFT). Need for Wavelet transform.
Multi-resolution analysis and Continuous Wavelet Transform (Qualitative treatment)
Two-channel filter bank and analysis,Quadrature mirror filters and conjugate quadrture filters, Haar
transforms. Daubechies four-coefficient wavelet. Sampling.
Continuous wavelet transform: Energy spectrum of a wavelet, energy of Mexican hat wavelet, wavelet
manipulations, Relation between scale and (pseudo) frequency, CWT coefficients, Identification of
coherent structures, edge detection, Wavelet transform of an intermittent signal, fractal signals, Inverse
wavelet transform, Signal energy, wavelet based energy, and power spectra. Wavelet transform in terms of
Fourier transform, Short time Fourier transform and Heisenberg boxes. Spectrogram, Wavelet transforms in
two or more dimensions.
Discrete wavelet transform: Frames and orthogonal wavelet bases, dyadic grid scaling and orthonormal
wavelet transforms, Scaling function and multiresolution representation. Scaling equation, scaling
coefficients and associated wavelet equation, Haar wavelet, Coefficients from coefficients : fast wavelet
transform, Discerete input signals of finite length,Multi-resolution algorithm
Designing orthogonal wavelet systems: Refinement relation for orthogonal wavelet systems, restrictions on
filter coefficients. Designing Daubechies orthogonal wavelet system wavelets
Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and relation to filter banks: Signal decomposition (analysis), relation
with filter banks, Frequency response, signal reconstruction, upsampling and filtering, perfect matching
filters.
Generating and plotting of parametric wavelets, Orthogonality conditions and parameterization, polyphase
matrix and recurrence relation. Precise numerical evaluation of and , cascade algorithm, Biorthogonal
wavelets
Applications of Wavelet transform.
References:
1. P. S Addison, The illustrated Wavelet transform Handbook, Institute of Physics Publishing, 2002.
2. C S Burrus, A Gopinath, and Haitao Guo, Introduction to wavelets and wavelet transforms,
Prentice-Hall, 1998.
3. K P Soman and K. I. Ramachandran, Insight into Wavelets from theory to practice, Prentice-Hall
of India, 2005.
ECE 547

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE PHYSICS [ 4-0-0-4]

Total number of lecture hours:48

Basic physics: Review of quantum mechanics:- Electrons in periodic lattices, E-k diagrams, Quasi particles
in semiconductors, electrons, holes and phonons ,Wave particle Duality, Schrdinger Wave

equation,Crystalline Solids and Energy Bands: - Bonding of atoms, crystalline state, Lattice Vibrations,
Phonons, Energy band of Metal and Insulator.
Fundamentals of semiconductors: Semiconductor Materials and their properties, Semi conducting
Materials, Energy Band Model, Fermi level and energy distribution of carriers inside the energy bands,
temperature dependence of carrier concentrations.
Carrier Transport in Semiconductors: - Boltzmann transport equation and solution in the presence of low
electric and magnetic fields - mobility and diffusivity; Carrier statistics; Continuity equation, Poisson's
equation and their solution, trap rate, Finite difference formulation of these equations in 1D, High field
effects: velocity saturation, hot carriers and avalanche breakdown, Physical/empirical
models
of
semiconductor parameters-mobility, lifetime, band gap.
Junction and interfaces: PN junction:- Description of p-n junctions , Abrupt junction , Linearly graded
junction, Diffused junction , I-V characteristic of diode in forward and reversed biased condition, Schottky
barrier diode , Ohmic contacts, Heterojunctions.
MOS Transistors:- Semiconductor Surfaces , C-V characteristic of the MOS capacitors , Effects of oxide
charges, defects and interface states; Characterization of MOS capacitors, I-V characteristic of MOSFET ,
Short-Channel effects , MOSFET structures , Charge Coupled Devices, Semiconductor devices:- Tunnel
Diode , Solar cell , Photo detectors , Light Emitting Diodes , Semiconductor Lasers.
Semiconductor measurements: Conductivity type, Resistivity, Hall Effect Measurements, Drift Mobility,
Minority Carrier Lifetime, Diffusion Length, CVs for dopant profile characterization; Capacitance
transients and DLTS.
References:
1. M.S.Tyagi , Introduction to Semiconductor Materials and Devices , John Wiley and Sons , 2004.
2. S. Selberherr, Analysis and Simulation of Semiconductor Devices, Springer-Verlag, 1984.
3. J. P. McKelvey, Introduction to Solid State and Semiconductor Physics, Harper and Row and John
Weathe Hill, 1966.
4.D.K. Schroder, Semiconductor Material and Device Characterization, John Wiley, 1990.
5. S. M. Sze, Physics of Semiconductor Devices,John Wiley, 1981.
6. C. T. Sah, Fundamentals of Solid-State Electronic Devices, Allied Publishers and World Scientific,
1991.
7. Physics of Semiconductor devices. , M. Shur, PHI, 2008.

ECE-548 SYSTEM ON CHIP DESIGN [4-0-0-4]

Total number of Hours: 48
Introduction to Processor Design, Processor architecture and organization, Abstraction in hardware
design, Processor design trade-offs, Design for low power consumption, Architecture for low power.
Subsystem design principles- pipelining, Data paths, Combinational shifters, Adders, ALUs, Multipliers,
High density memory, Field-Programmable Gate Arrays, Programmable Logic Arrays.
Pipeline ARM organization, ARM instruction execution, ARM implementation, Development tools,
Architectural Support for System Development, The ARM memory interface, The Advanced Micro
controller Bus Architecture (AMBA), The ARM reference peripheral specification, Hardware system
prototyping tools, The ARMulator, The JTAG boundary scan test architecture , The ARM debug
architecture, ARM Processor Cores, ARM CPU cores, Intellectual property design, Memory Hierarchy,
Memory size and speed, On-Chip memory, Caches and design, Memory management.

Floor planning, Floor planning methods, Off- chip connections, Architecture Design, Register Transfer
Design, High level synthesis, System on chips Embedded CPUs, Architecture Testing, Chip design,
Design Methodologies, Microprocessor Data path, Hardware/ Software Co Design
References:
1. Steve Furber ARM System-on- Chip Architecture, Second Edition , Pearson,2000
2. Wayne Wolf, Modern VLSI Design , System on- Chip Design, Pearson, 2005
3.F.Balarin, Hardware-software co-design of embedded systems , Kluwer academic publishers, 1997
ECE 549 SPREAD SPECTRUM COMMUNICATION [4-0-0-4]
Total number of lecture hours: 48
Review of digital communication concepts, direct sequence and frequency hop spread spectrum systems.
Hybrid direct sequence/frequency hop spread spectrum. Complex envelop representation of spread
spectrum signals.
Sequence generator fundamentals, Maximum length sequences. Gold and Kasami codes, Nonlinear Code
generators.
Spread spectrum communication system model, Performance of spread spectrum signals in jamming
environments, Performance of spread spectrum communication systems with and without forward error
correction.
Diversity reception in fading channels, Cellular radio concept, CDMA cellular systems. Examples of
CDMA cellular systems. Multicarrier CDMA systems. CDMA standards.
References:
1. R. L. Peterson, R. E. Zeimer and D. E. Borth, Introduction to Spread Spectrum Communications,
Pearson, 1995.
2. J. D. Proakis and M. Salehi, Digital Communication, McGraw Hill, 2008.
3. A. J. Viterbi, CDMA: Principles of Spread Spectrum Communications, Addision Wesley, 1995.
4. S. Verdu, Multiuser Detection, Cambridge University Press, 1998
ECE 550 NONLINEAR FIBER OPTICS [4-0-0-4]
Total number of lecture hours: 48
Physical origin of nonlinear optical effects in crystals. Review of fiber modes, Pulse propagation through
optical fibers. Nonlinear Schroedinger equation.
Group velocity dispersion. Different propagation regimes, Dispersion induced pulse broadening. Third
order dispersion, Dispersion management. Self phase modulation. SPM induced spectral broadening,
Effect of group velocity dispersion. Higher order nonlinear effects. Optical Solitons, modulation instability,
fiber solitons.
Nonlinear birefringence, Nonlinear phase shift. Cross phase modulation. XPM induced nonlinear coupling.
XPM induced modulation instability. Applications of XPM.
Stimulated Raman and Brillouin Scattering, Quasi continuous SRS and SBS, SRS with short pump pulses,
Dynamic aspects, SBS applications.
Parametric processes, Origin and theory of FWM, Phase matching techniques, parametric amplification.
FWM applications, Second harmonic generation.
References:
1.
G. P. Agarwal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics, Academic Press, 2007.
2.
A. Yariv and P. Yeh, Photonics: Optical Electronics in Modern Communications, Oxford
University Press, 2007
3.
G. P. Agarwal, Applications of Nonlinear Fiber Optics, Academic Press 2008.
4.
R. W. Boyd, Nonlinear Optics, Academic Press 2008

ECE-551

CODING THEORY

[4-0-0-4]
Total number of lecture hours: 48

Information and Entropy: Sources of information, DMS and Markov. Properties of Entropy. Entropy of
information sources, Extension of a DMS.
Information channels, probability relations in a channel, A Priori, A Posteriori Entropies, Equivocation,
Mutual information, Capacity of BSC, BEC, Noiseless and deterministic channels.
Source coding: Uniquely decodable codes, Instantaneous codes and its construction, Average length of a
code, Bounds for Average Length, Kraft's Inequality. R-ary compact codes. Code efficiency, Redundancy.
Shannon-Fano and Huffman code
Algebra: Groups, rings and fields, properties of finite fields, Galois field arithmetic and its realization,
Vector spaces, Matrices.
Channel Coding: Block codes, Minimum distance of a block code, Singleton bound. Performance of Codes.
Hamming codes. Cyclic codes, Golay Codes BCH codes, R-S codes. Convolutional codes. Viterbi
Algorithm. LDPC Codes.
References:
1. S. Lin and D. J. Costello Jr, Error Control Coding, Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004.
2. T. K. Moon, Error Correction Coding: Mathematical Methods And Algorithms, Student Edition,
John Wiley & Sons, 2005.
3. R. M. Roth, Introduction to Coding Theory, Cambridge University Press, 2006.
4. F. MacWilliams and N. Sloane, The Theory of Error-Correcting Codes. North-Holland, 1988.
5. S. B. Wicker, Error Control Systems for Digital Communication and Storage, Prentice-Hall,
1995.
6. Hamming, Richard Wesley, Coding and Information Theory Prentice Hall International, 1980.
.

ECE-552 DIGITAL SPEECH PROCESSING [4-0-0-4]

Total number of lecture hours: 48
Anatomy and Physiology of speech production, Categorization of speech sounds, Acoustic theory of speech
production, Uniform lossless tube model, Effects of losses in the vocal tract, Digital models for speech
signals.
Time-dependent processing of speech, Short time energy and Average magnitude, Short time average zerocrossing rate, Speech Vs Silence Discrimination using Energy and Zero crossings, Short time Autocorrelation function, Pitch period estimation using Auto-correlation function.
Short Time Fourier Transform Analysis, Spectrographic Displays, Linear Predictive Coding of speech
signals, Pitch detection and Formants analysis using LPC.
Speech redundancies, Measure to evaluate Speech quality. Waveform Coding, differential PCM, LPC
vocoders. Frequency Domain Coders, analysis by Synthesis, Phase, Channel, and Homomorphic Vocoders.
Principles of Speech Synthesis, LPC synthesis, Unrestricted Text to Speech systems.
Feature Extraction: LPC, Cepstral Coefficients, MFCC, Pattern Matching by Dynamic Time Warping
(DTW), Hidden Markov Models (HMM), Artificial Neural Networks for speech recognition.
References:
1. Rabiner L.R and Schaffer R.W, Digital Processing of Speech Signals, Prentice Hall, NJ, 2007.
2. Thomas F. Quatieri, Discrete-time Speech Signal ProcessingPrinciples and Practice, Pearson
Education Inc, 2004.

3. Douglas O' Shaughnessy, Speech Communications: Human and Machine Reading, Addison-Wesley.
1987.
4. Deller J.R, Proakis G.J and Hansen J.H.L, Discrete Time Processing of Speech Signals, IEEE Press.
2000.
5. Rabiner L.R and Jaung, Fundamentals of Speech Recognition, Prentice Hall. 1993.

ECE 553 VLSI TESTING & TESTABILITY [4-0-0-4]

Total number of lecture hours: 48
Introduction to testing and testability: Need for testing, digital and analog testing, Controllability and
observability, Design-for-test (DFT), Test process and ATE, Test economics.
Fault modeling: Introduction to faults in digital circuits, Fault models - Stuck-at faults, Bridging faults,
Iddq faults, delay faults, intermittent faults.
Testing of combinational circuits: Various types of faults. Functional v/s structural approach to testing, test
vector generation for a single stuck-at-fault in combinational logic, Algebraic algorithms :Boolean
difference method. Structural algorithms: D-algorithm, FAN, PODEM algorithm, SOCRATES, Recursive
learning. Pseudorandom test pattern generation.
Test optimization and fault coverage
Testability Techniques: Need for enhancing controllability and observability through the addition of DFT
hardware, partitioning, adhoc and structured approaches to DFT, various scan design approaches, scan-path
testing, Boundary scan.
Testing of sequential circuits: Test pattern generation for sequential circuits, Exhaustive, non-exhaustive
and pseudorandom test pattern generation, Delay fault testing.
Signatures and self test: Testing with random patterns. LFSRs, random test generation and response
compression, Built-in self test (BSIT), Input compression Output compression Arithmetic, Reed-Muller
and spectral coefficients, Coefficient test signatures, Signature analysis and Online self test.

Analog testing: DSP based analog test and model based analog test. Testing techniques for Filters, A/D
Converters.
References:
1
2
3
4
5
6

M. Abramovici, M. A. Breuer, and A.D. Friedman, "Digital Systems Testing and Testable Design",
Piscataway, New Jersey: IEEE Press, 1994.
M. L. Bushnell and V. D. Agrawal, "Essentials of testing for digital, memory and mixed-signal VLSI
circuits", Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.
Miczo, "Digital Logic Testing and simulation". New York: Harper & Row, 1986.
Krstic and K-T Cheng, "Delay Fault Testing for VLSI Circuits", Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.
P.K. Lala, "Fault Tolerant & Fault Testable hardware Design", BS Publications, 1998
Stanley L. Hurst, VLSI Testing: digital and mixed analogue digital techniques Pub:Inspec/IEE,
1999.

ECE-554

EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN

[4-0-0-4]
Total number of Hours: 48

Classification and major application areas of embedded System, design issues, characteristics and quality
attributes, design cycle in the development phase, and Embedded Product Development Life Cycle.
Design using 8 bit microcontrollers, Hardware-Software Co-design and program modeling, fundamental
issues and computational models, hardware software trade-offs.
Integrated Development Environment, Compilers, Simulators, Emulators, Debugging.
Real Time Operating System: Types of operating systems, Tasks, Process and Threads. Semaphores and
shared Data, task scheduling, multiprocessing and multitasking, Operating system Services -Message
queues-Timer Function-Events-Memory Management, device drivers, design Using RTOS.
Networks for Embedded Systems: I2C, CAN, SHARC, Ethernet, Myrinet, Internet.
Introduction to Blue tooth: Specification, Core Protocol, Cable replacement protocol, IEEE 1149.1 (JTAG).
Testability: Boundary Scan Architecture.
Processor trends in embedded system, development language trends. Overview of PIC and AVR family of
microcontrollers and ARM processors.
References:
1. Raj Kamal , Embedded Systems: Architecture, Programming and Design, TMH, Second edition, 2008
2. K.J. Ayala,Dhananjay V. Gadre The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded systems, CENGAGE
Learning,2010
3. Shibu K.V, Introduction to Embedded sytems, McGraw Hill, 2009
4. Sam Siewert, Real time embedded systems and components, CENGAGE Learning,2007
5. Frank Vahid, Tony Givargis Embedded Systems, Wiley India Edition, 2002

ECE - 555

INTRODUCTION TO MEMS TECHNOLOGY

[4 0 0 4]
Total Number of Lectures: 48
Historical Background of MEMS
Bulk Micromachining: Isotropic Etching and Anisotropic Etching, Wafer Bonding, High Aspect-Ratio
Processes (LIGA).
Surface Micromachining: Sacrificial layer etching issues, stiction.
Micro cantilevers as test structures, sensors and actuators
Design of MEMS pressure sensors, accelerometer, gyroscope
RF MEMS Devices
Biosensors
MEMS device packaging
References:
1. Stephen D. Senturia, "Microsystem Design", Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.
2. Marc Madou, Fundamentals of Microfabrication, CRC Press, 1997.

3. H. Bao, Micromechanical Transducers: Pressure sensors, accelerometers, and gyroscopes

Elsevier, New York, 2000.
4. Wanjun Wang & Steven A. Soper, Bio-MEMS Technologies and Applications, CRC Press.
5. Gabriel M. Rebeiz, RF MEMS Theory, Design, and Technology, Wiley Inter science.
6. Sergey Y.Yurish & Maria Teresa S.R. Gomes, Smart Sensors and MEMS, Kluwer Academic
Publishers.
7. Vijay K. Varadan, K.J. Vinoy & K.A. Jose, RF MEMS and Their Applications, Wiley Eastern.
8. Tai Ran Hsu, MEMS and Microsystems: Design and Manufacture TMH.
9. Nadim Maluf & Kirt Williams, An Introduction to Microelectromechanical Systems Engineering
Artech House.

ECE- 556 VLSI PHYSICAL DESIGN & VERIFICATION [ 3 1 0 4 ]

Total Number of Hours: 48
Types of ASICs, ASIC/FPGA design flow, Programmable ASICs, Programmable ASIC Interconnect,
ASIC economics.
Transistor as resistors, Transistor as parasitic capacitance, Logic Effort, library cell design.
FSM Synthesis, Timing Analysis-Static Timing Analysis, Clock tree Synthesis, clock
skew analysis and power grid analysis.
Introduction to Physical design, Physical design cycle, Partitioning, Floor planning, Placement and
Routing. Algorithms for physical design automation. Layout compaction. Case study.

Transmission line effects, Impedance mismatch, cross talk and issues in high speed design.
Verification challenges, Verification of complex logic design, Verification issues like verification
plan, verification methodology, Advanced functional verification, unified verification methodology.
Timing verification,Hardware design verification, Software design verification , verification
automation, physical verification, Layout planning and verifications

References:
1.
M.J.S.Smith, Application Specific ICs, Pearson, 1997.
2.
Nigel Horspool and Peter Gorman, The ASIC Handbook , Prentice Hall, 2001.
3.
Sabin H. Gerez, Algorithms for VLSI Design Automation, John Wiley & Sons,1999.
4.
Naveed Sherwani, Algorithm for VLSI Physical Design Automation, Kluwer Academic
Publishers,1998.
5.
Paul Wilcox, Professional Verification a guide to advanced functional verification, Springer
India, 2004.
6.
S. Sait, H. Youssef, VLSI Physical Design Automation: Theory and Practice, World Scientific,
1999.

ECE- 557

QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE

[4-0-0-4]

Total number of lecture hours: 48

Finite dimensional vector space, inner-product, complex numbers, linear adjoints, unitary maps, projectors,
tensor product of Hilbert spaces, bit, qubit, entanglement, no-cloning, quantum circuits, quantum gates,
Shor's algorithm.
Quantum Fourier transform and phase estimation algorithms, order-finding and factoring, Quantum search
algorithms, quantum counting.
Grover's algorithm, quantum teleportation, quantum key-exchange, Generalized measurements, distance
measurements for quantum information, Teleportation and measurement based quantum computing.
Decoherence, quantum error-correction, Shor code, quantum Hamming bound, Calderbank-Shor-Steane
codes, stabilizer codes.
Mixed states, quantum information, Quantum information theory, Holevo theorem, quantum data
compression.
References:
1. Gruska, J, Quantum Computing. McGraw-Hill,1999
2. Nielsen, M. and Chuang, I. L, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information. Cambridge
University Press, 2011.
ECE-558 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING [4-0-0-4]
Total number of lecture hours: 48
Digital Image fundamentals, Image Acquisition System, Image Sampling and Quantization
Point Processing, Spatial operations, gray level transformation, Histogram Processing, Image enhancement,
Smoothing and sharpening spatial filters. 2D DFT, Cosine and Hadamard Transform, Transform
Operations, Smoothing and sharpening using frequency domain filters, Homomorphic Filtering.
Image Degradation / Restoration Process, noise models and filter types, Geometric Transformation
Color fundamentals, Color Models, Pseudo and Full-Color Image processing, Color Transformations,
smoothing & sharpening.
Detection of Discontinuities, Edge Linking and Boundary detection, Boundary extraction, Region based
segmentation, Classification Technique.
Image Compression and standards, Interframe coding Image reconstruction from projection: Radon
transform, Back projection operator, Projection theorem.
Wavelets and its applications in Image Processing.
Image processing applications in Character Recognition, Biomedical Imaging, Remote sensing, Digital
Broadcasting and multimedia.
References:
1. R. C. Gonzalez, R. E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, Pearson, 2008.
2. Anil K Jain, Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, Pearson, 2001
3W. K. Pratt, Digital Image Processing, Wiley 2010

ECE - 559 COMMUNICATION NETWORKS & PROTOCOLS [4-0-0-4]

Total number of lecture hours: 48

Uses of computer networks, types of networks, network hardware, network software, network design
issues, network design tools, ISO-OSI reference model, TCP/IP reference model, examples networks,
network standardization. Components of a data communication Data flow Network criteria Types of
Connections: Point to point multipoint; Topologies
Transmission & switching, frequency division multiplexing, time division multiplexing, switch mode,
integrated services digital network (ISDN) ISDN services, evolution of ISDN, ISDN interface, ISDN
system architecture, the digital PBX signaling, perspective on ISDN, terminal handling, applications for
global ISDN and future trends.
Introduction, error detection and correction, elementary data link protocol, sliding window protocols,
protocol performance, protocol specification and verification, data link layer. HDLC standard. Types of
errors detection versus correction CRC Hardware implementation - parity check and checksum
Hamming code.
Introduction, channel allocation, multiple access protocol, IEEE standards, fibre optic networks, satellite
networks. 802.3, 802.4, 802.5.
Introduction, design issues, routing algorithms, congestion control algorithm, internetworking, network
layer in internet, internet control protocols, limitations of IP v4 , Introduction to IPV6 Protocol.
Introduction, the transport services, elements of transport protocols, simple transport protocols, the internet
transport protocol TCP and UDP, performance issues, connection management (Handshaking).
Frame format Advanatges and disadvantages of FDDI, Network Security
References:
1.
2.
3.
4.

William Stallings,Data & Computer communication 6th Edition. Prentice Hall of India, 1996.
Tanenbaum , Computer Networks , 3rd Edition. Prentice Hall of India, 1998.
William Stallings , Local area network , Prentice Hall, 2000.
Gallager ,Data networks Prentice Hall of India,2002.

ECE 560

NANOPHOTONICS

[4 0 0 4]

Introduction: nanophotonics at a glance. Foundations for nanophtonics , wave equations, dispersion,

material models, evanescent fields. Spatial resolution and position accuracy. The point-spread function;
resolution limit; position accuracy
Optics of inhomogeneous medium: Basics; matrix formulation; 1-D periodic structures and introduction to
forbidden bands. Photonic crystal (PhC), theoretical modelling of photonic crystals Features of photonic
crystals; phase, group and energy velocity; defect mode

Near-field interaction and microscopy, near-field optics and theoretical modelling of near-field nanoscopic
interactions, near-field microscopy.
Plasmonics: Plasmonic fundamentals and sensors, local field enhancement, Plasmonic waveguiding Superresolution imaging
Metamaterials
References
1. L. Novotny and B. Hecht, Principles of Nano-optics (Cambridge, 2006).
2. M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics: Electromagnetic Theory of Propagation, Interference and
Diffraction of Light (Cambridge, 1999)
3. M. Fox, Optical Properties of Solids (Oxford, 2001).
4. S. A. Maier, Plasmonics: Fundamentals and Applications (Springer, 2007)
5. John D. Joannopoulos, Steven G. Johnson, Joshua N. Winn, and Robert D. Meade, Photonic Crystals:
Molding the Flow of Light (Princeton University Press, 2008)
8. P. N. Prasad, Nanophotonics (John Wiley &Sons, 2004).
ECE - 561 CRYPTOGRAPHY & NETWORK SECURITY [4-0-0-4]
Total number of lecture hours: 48

Security trends, The OSI security architecture, security attacks, services and mechanism, model for network
security.
Classical encryption techniques, Block cipher and data encryption standard, finite field, advanced
encryption standard, string ciphers, confidentiality using symmetric encryption.
Public key encryption, Chinese reminder theorem, RSA algorithm, Key management, Elliptic curve
cryptography, Message authentication and hash functions, Digital signatures and authentication protocol.
Authentication applications, Electronic mail security, IP security, WEB security, System security, intruders,
malicious software firewalls.
References:
1.. William Stalling ,`Cryptography and Network Security` , Pearson Education, 2010.
2.. Forouzan and Mukhopadhyay , `Cryptography and Network security`, TMH, 2007.
3.. Bernard Menezes, `Network Security and Cryptography`, Cengage Learning 2010.
4.. Neal Krawetz, `Introduction to Network Security`, Thomson, Delmar Learning 2007.
5.. Randall K Nichols, Panos C Lekkas, `Wireless Security- Models, Threats and Solutions` TMH,
2007
ECE 562

LARGE AREA MICRO-ELECTRONICS

[4-0-0-4]
Total number of lecture hours: 48

Introduction, Growth of amorphous and micro /nano crystalline hydrogenated silicon (a-Si:H) and its
alloys, doping in amorphous semiconductors, defect densities, electron transport , optoelectronic properties
, contact, interfaces, multilayers
P-I-N devices, Thin film transistors, LEDs, Memory Switches, Novel Processing Technology for
Macroelectronics, Amorphous silicon Solar cells, TFT based LCD displays, Passive and Active Matrix
displays , Photoreceptors, Large Area Image Sensor Arrays, Image pick up tubes, High energy Radiation
imaging, Multilayer Color Detectors, Thin Film Position Sensitive Detectors.

Introduction to organic semiconductors, structure and properties, device configurations, Applications:

Optoelectronics devices ,Solar cells, Photodiodes, LEDs ,Active Matrix displays , Organic Thin film
transistors, Device structure and characteristics , Circuit systems based on organic devices, Organic Lasers.
Displays - LCD, Plasma, Electroluminescent, Electrophoretic (Electronic paper), and Field emission
displays.
Introduction to Flexible Electronics.
References:
1. R.A.Street, Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon, Cambridge University Press,1991.
2. Robert A. Street , Technology and Applications of Amorphous Silicon,. Springer-Verlag New York,
LLC Series: Series in Materials Science, 2004.
3. A.Madan & M.P.Shaw , The Physics and Technology of Amorphous silicon, Elsevier Science &
Technology books,1988.
4. Richard Zallen, The Physics of Amorphous solids, Wiley,1998.
5.Tim.M.Searle, Properties of Amorphous Silicon and Its Alloys, IEEE Publication,1988.
6. "Macroelectronics Large area and Flexible Electronics Special Issue, MRS Bulletin, USA Vol. 31,
June 2006.

ECE- 563 RF MICROELECTRONICS CHIP DESIGN [4-0-0-4]

Total number of lecture hours: 48
Introduction to RF design: Frequency spectrum, RF design, complexity and choice of technology,
application areas, RF design issues: nonlinearity, selectivity, sensitivity, and dynamic range, impedance
matching ,insertion loss, noise, distortion.
Basic RF modules: Review of basic blocks like amplifier, modulator /demodulator, mixer, filter, isolator,
RF oscillators, coupler, phase shifters, tuner etc
Passive RF components: RF behavior of passive components, High Frequency Resistors, High Frequency
Capacitors, High frequency inductors, chip components, surface mount inductors
Active RF components: RF diodes, BJT and RF Field-Effect Transistors, diode models-transistor models,
BJT and MOSFET behavior at RF frequencies, measurement of active devices-scattering parameter device
characterization.
RF transistor amplifier design: characteristics of amplifiers, classes of operation and biasing networks,
amplifier power relations, stability considerations, constant gain, unilateral and bilateral design, broadband, high power, and multi-stage amplifiers, low noise amplifiers(LNA) impedance matching using
discrete components, microstrip line matching networks.
RF Filter Design : basic resonator and filter configurations, filter Types: LP, HP, BP and BS filters,
insertion loss, special filter realizations-butterworth-type and chebyshev-type filters, denormalization, filter
implementation: passive and active LC ladder filters, Design of CMOS RF biquadratic filters, RF filters
using OTA, design issues in integrated RF filters, microstip filter, coupled filter.
Other complex RF blocks: RF oscillators-basic topologies, voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), quadrature
and single sideband generators, design of mixers at GHz frequency range, various mixers-working and
implementation. RF modulation and detector design, RF synthesizers- PLLS, various architectures and
frequency dividers, mobile RF communication, down conversion blocks-heterodyne and homodyne, RF
receiver and transmitter architectures.
References:
1. Thomas H. Lee Design of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits Cambridge University
press, 2003.

2. Behzad Razavi RF Microelectronics, Prentice Hall, 1998.

3. W. Alan Davis, Krishna K. Agarwal , Radio Frequency Circuit Design,John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2001.
4. Cotter W. Sayre, Complete Wireless Design, McGraw-Hill, 2008.
5John M. W. Rogers, John W. M. Rogers, Calvin Plett, Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design,
Artech House Publishers,2010.
ECE-564

ANALOG VLSI FOR SIGNAL PROCESSING

[4-0-0-4]

Total number of lecture hours: 48

Introduction to Analog Signal Processing (ASP): Sampled data signal processing, switched current
filtering, Continuous-time signal processing, merits and demerits. signal conditioning, signal normalization,
Anti-aliasing filter
Current trends: Current-mode signal processing (CMSP), Low-power/Low-voltage signal processing,
nonlinear signal processing for audio and biomedical applications, log-domain signal processing.
Introduction to Current-mode signal processing: Current-mode versus voltage-mode, Active elements for
CMSP like Operational transconductance amplifier(OTA), current conveyor(CC), current feedback Opamp(CFOA),Current-mode circuits: current integrators, current amplifier, current normaliser, current-mode
Winner-Take-All(WTA) circuits, current correlator, current bump circuits.
VLSI implementation of analog signal processing circuits: programmable transconductors, high-frequency
CMOS transconductors, low-voltage low-freqency transconductors for biomedical applications. Active-RC,
switched-capacitor (SC), and continuous-time (CT) integrated filters, Cascade design, Element substitution
method, Operational Simulation method.
Applications: High-frequency analog signal processing circuits for GSM, Analog signal processor for RF
ID applications, Continuous-time (CT) integrated filter for video frequency applications, Analog VLSI
implementation of artificial neural networks (ANN), auditory and vision signal processing, current-mode
transmitters, current-mode receivers for Data Communications.
References:
1 C.Toumazou,F.J.Lidgey &D.G.Haigh, Analogue IC Design :the current-mode approach, Peter
Peregrinus, London, 1990.
2 Mohammed Ismail ,Analog VLSI : Signal and Information Processing, McGraw-Hill
companies ,1994.
3 R.Schaumann,M.S.Ghausi,Kenneth R Laker, Design of Analog Filters Passive, Active RC, and
Switched Capacitor, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1995.
4. T Deliyanis, Y.Sun and J.K.Fidler , Continuous-Time Active Filter Design, CRC Press,
1999.
5. P.V.Anand Mohan, Current-mode VLSI Analog Filters : Design and Applications, Birkhauser,
2003.
6. Bram Nauta, Analog CMOS Filters for very high frequencies, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993.
ECE 565 ARM PROCESSOR AND APPLICATIONS [3-0-0-3]
Total number of lecture hours: 38
ARM embedded systems, RISC design philosophy, ARM processor fundamentals, Programmers model,
pipeline, ARM processor families.
ARM instruction set: Data processing, branch, load-store instructions. Software interrupt instruction,
program status register instructions, Manipulating bits and bit patterns, Arithmetic operations.
Input and output, semihosting, serial IO, Input from switches and external events, timing of IO actions.
ARM Hardware, ARM modes, Exceptions, Exception handlers, program structures and testing.
Introduction to THUMB instruction set, Thumb register usage, ARM thumb interworking.

Memory hierarchy and cache, memory protection units, protected regions, memory management units.
Details of ARM MMU.
Embedded ARM Applications, VLSI Ruby II Advanced communication processor, VLSI ISDN Subscriber
processor, Ericsson-Bluetooth baseband controller. ARM7100, SA-1100.
References:
1. Steve Furber ARM System-on- Chip Architecture, Second Edition , Pearson Education, 2000
2. J.R.Gibson ARM Assembly Language-an Introduction Dept. of Electrical Engineering and
Electronics, The University of Liverpool, 2007
3. Andrew N.Sloss, Dominic Symes, Chris Wright, ARM System Developers Guide Elsevier,2004

ECE 566 NANOELECTRONICS [3-0-0-3]

Total number of lecture hours: 38
Introduction to Nanomaterials: nanoscale and nanotechnology, Consequences of nanoscale for technology.
Beyond Moores Law. Introduction to Nanostructured materials, Atoms, clusters and nanomaterials,
Influence on properties by "nano-structure induced effects", Low-dimensional structures: Quantum wells,
Quantum wires, and Quantum dots, Nano clusters & Nano crystals, Electronic and optical properties of
nanocrystallites, Metallic and semiconducting superlattices, Synthesis of nanostructured materials,
Vibrational properties of nanocrystallites, Magnetic nanostructured materials; Nanoscale magnetism of fine
particles of transition metals, alloys and oxides: GMR, TMR, SPT, relaxation process and static and
dynamic studies. Single electron devices. Some present and future applications of nanomaterials

Preparation/Synthesis of nanomaterials: Methods for creating nanostructures, Top-down versus bottom-up

assembly. Visualisation, manipulation and characterisation at nanoscale, Processes for producing ultrafine
powders, Chemical Synthesis, Physical Synthesis, Biomimetic processes & systems, Assemblers.

Nanotechnology:Quantum well and quantum dot lasers, ultra-fast switching devices, nano magnets for
sensors and high density data storage, photonic integrated circuits, long wave length detectors, carbon
nanotube, lumineascence from porous silicon, spin-tronic devices, nanotechnology for biological system &
bio-sensor applications.
Nanoscale Manufacturing: Nanomanipulation, Nanolithography.
Applications in energy, informatics, medicine.
References:
1. Janos H. Fendler: Nanoparticles and nanostructured films: preparation, characterization and
applications, Wiley, 1998
2. Kenneth J. Klabunde:Nanoscale materials in chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, 2001
3. Zhon Ling Wang:Characterization of nanophase materials, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH 2000
ECE 567 NEURAL NETWORKS & FUZZY LOGIC [3-0-0-3]
Total number of lecture hours: 38
Biological neurons, Mc-culloch Pitts model, Feed forward and Feed back network, Supervised and
unsupervised learning. learning rules

Design of
Linear
training,applications

classifiers,multi

layer

feedforward

classifiers,

error

back

propagation

Discrete time and gradient type Hopfield networks, Applications in optimization problems. Recurrent auto
associative and heteroassociative memories
Unsupervised learning methods,Hamming net and maxnet, Feature mapping, Kohenens self organizing
feature maps, cluster discovery network (ART1), Counter propagation networks. kernel methods
,applications
Fuzzy Logic: Different types of fuzzy systems,membership functions, Brief comparison of classical sets
and fuzzy sets, Basic operation on fuzzy sets.
Fuzzy relations, Cartesian product, composition of fuzzy relations projection and cylindrical extension,
extension principle,linguistic variables, fuzzy IF-THEN rules-fuzzy propositions, different implications.
Fuzzy logic and Approximate reasoning
Structure of fuzzy rule base and properties,Fuzzy inference engine,Fuzzifiers, Defuzzifiers, Design of
Fuzzy rule based systems, Introduction to Neuro fuzzy systems with GA optimization
References:
1. Jacek M Zurada, Introduction to artificial Neural Systems, Jaico publication. 2006
2. Simon Haykin, Neural Networks and Learning Machines ,Third edition, PHI edition private
Limited,New Delhi, 2009
3. Li Xin Wang, Introduction to fuzzy systems and control, Prentice Hall publication, 1997
4. Timothy J Ross, Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, Intl. Edition, McGraw Hill
publication, 2008