ميكانيك عامة الخراطة

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<í‰‰ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫ א‬W‫א‬
 E‫א‬FW‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٤٢٦ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬
 
 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ،‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬???‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
   ‫؛‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬       
 ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٣٩٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 KE٢٧٢F  W‫א‬‫א‬
 
   
 KE١٢٤F  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 
KE٣٥FW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 J١ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١F‫א‬        W‫א‬،E١F‫א‬
 W‫א‬–
E‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬  
    K‫א‬
 W‫א‬–
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬–
 KEF‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ،     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬،‫א‬
 J٢ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
E٢F‫א‬  
 EFace LatheF‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬  
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
E٣F‫א‬  
 J٣ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  EVertical LatheF ‫א‬ ‫א‬ J ٣
‫א‬      ،‫א‬
 KE٤F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬      
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ، 
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
E٤F‫א‬
 
 ETurret LatheF‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬   ‫א‬  
،‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   E٥F
K‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
E٥F‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬
        ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 J٤ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EAutomatic LatheF‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    
   ‫א‬    K ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬    
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬
‫א‬ E٦F   ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 
E٦F‫א‬  
 
 CNCENumerical Control LatheF‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
E٧F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬  W   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 J٥ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 KE٧F‫א‬KKKK‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،EFloppy disksF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EMeasuring centersF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  W        ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬        
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٨F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K -١
 K -٢
 K‫א‬ -٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-٩
E٨F‫א‬
 J٦ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬ J١
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٩F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
E٩F‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
،‫א‬‫א‬E١٠F‫א‬
     ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١٠F‫א‬   
 W‫א‬‫א‬_
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E١١F ‫א‬ 
،   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬٦‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ٩
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
E١١F‫א‬     K‫א‬
 J٧ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬–
 ‫א‬        
‫א‬‫א‬E١٢F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
       
E١٢F‫א‬  
       
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
       
E١٣F‫א‬     
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١٤F‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬ 
 K
 
 
E١٤F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬E١٥F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
E١٥F‫א‬  
 
 J٨ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬–
 E١٦F ‫א‬  E١F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ E٢F  E‫א‬F ‫א‬  ‫א‬
  E٢F  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬   K E٣F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
E١٦F‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬–
‫א‬E٨F‫א‬E٥F‫א‬E٦F ‫א‬E٤F‫א‬
 KE٦F‫א‬‫א‬E٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١
      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
E١٧F‫א‬،‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
E١٧F‫א‬  
 J٩ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬E١٨F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬   
 ‫א‬ ، E١٩F ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ،‫א‬
E١٨F‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١٨F ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
E١F  ‫א‬  E٤F  ‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬     
 E٢،٥F ‫א‬     
 KE٣،٦F‫א‬
 

 
E١٩F‫א‬  
       W
‫א‬،K٤،K٣،K٢،K٢،K٣،K٤W ٦ J١‫א‬E١٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ١،٢،٣ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬LKK١٢
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EF‫א‬CEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ZEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J١٠ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
 EF‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
 LCZ
 
 ‫א‬L 2400 = 40 ∗ 1200 = ‫א‬‫א‬W١،٤‫א‬–
20
 
 ‫א‬L 1200 = 30 ∗ 1200 = ‫א‬‫א‬W٢،٥‫א‬ J
30
 
 ‫א‬L 600 = 20 ∗ 1200 = ‫א‬‫א‬W٣،٦‫א‬ J
40
 
 ‫א‬ J٥
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬–
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
،E٢٠F،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬    ،‫א‬  
  E‫א‬F  ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
E٢٠F‫א‬
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  
 J١١ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬–
      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬E٢١F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬
E٢١F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W J
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E J٢٢F‫א‬
 K
 
 W–
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬     
 
E٢٢F‫א‬ KE J٢٢F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 J١٢ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 W‫א‬–
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   E J٢٣F        
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E  J٢٣F‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
      K‫א‬‫א‬
 
E٢٣F‫א‬
 J١٣ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬
 
 EDriving PlateF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٤F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
E٢٤F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 EFace PlateF‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
  K‫א‬‫א‬E٢٥F‫א‬
E٢٥F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬–
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 J١٤ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 
  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٢٦F‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
E٢٦F‫א‬  
 
     W‫א‬‫א‬–
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬    
   ‫א‬      
  K‫א‬‫א‬E٢٧F‫א‬،‫א‬
          
 
 
E٢٧F‫א‬  
   W‫א‬ J٤
،E٢،٣F‫א‬
‫א‬  E٢٨F‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،E١F
   ‫א‬   E٤F ،‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٢٨F‫א‬  J١٥ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
     
 
 WETool PostF‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
      ‫א‬ 
،   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٩F‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
       K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٢٩F‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
‫א‬   ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،E٣٠F‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬   E٣٠F ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬
 
E٣٠F‫א‬  
 W‫א‬ J٧
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬  
 KE٣١F
E٣١F‫א‬
 J١٦ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬ J١
 W‫א‬‫א‬–
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
E٣٢F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E J٣٣F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
       W‫א‬–
E٣٣F‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J١٧ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
    KE J٣٣F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
      K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٣٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬45

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
E٣٤F‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٣٥F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬  J١
 K‫א‬  J٢
 K‫א‬  J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
 K‫א‬  J٥
 K‫א‬  J٦
 K‫א‬  J٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٩
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J١٠
 J١٨ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 WW‫א‬‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٪١{٥–٥KK‫א‬
 ،٢٥‫א‬‫א‬
      KE٣٦F‫א‬،
E٣٦F‫א‬
   
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
E٣٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٣٧F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KKK٦‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E٣٨F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KK٩‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
E٣٨F‫א‬
 J١٩ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
W‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 KE٣٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٣٩F‫א‬
 
 
 
     W‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
‫א‬ ،‫א‬
 KE٤٠F‫א‬،‫א‬
E٤٠F‫א‬
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٤١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
E٤١F‫א‬
 
 J٢٠ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 WEF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
،E٤٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
     
E٤٢F‫א‬
 
 WEFE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WEF‫א‬‫א‬ -
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
  6o   20 o − 15o   15o  ‫א‬‫א‬

  8o
  6o   15o − 12 o  8o  10 o − 8o  ‫א‬‫א‬
  6o  10 o − 6 o   6o   5o  ‫א‬‫א‬
  6o   15o − 10 o  8o  ‫א‬

 8 o
 6 o   3o − 0   6o   1o ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  5o − 2 o   30 o − 20 o   15o − 10 o   25o − 20 o  ‫א‬‫א‬
  3o − 1o   20 o − 10 o   6o   55o − 35o  ‫א‬
 
 J٢١ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
WE ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤٣F‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٤٣F‫א‬      
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٤٤F‫א‬  KE٤٤F‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
E٤٥F‫א‬
 KE٤٥F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J٢٢ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    KE‫א‬F
 KE٤٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
E٤٦F‫א‬  
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬
C‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 
 
 
 
 J٢٣ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFE٤٧F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
E٤٧F‫א‬
 K١٠٠٠Z‫א‬K‫א‬C
 ١٠٠٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬C
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬CEF‫א‬Z‫א‬
 LCCZ
 ١٠٠٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬L١٠٠١٠٠W
 L 31.4 = 100 ∗ 3.14 ∗ 100 
1000
 J٢٤ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬ E١F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١F
 L‫א‬ ‫א‬L‫א‬  E‫א‬F‫א‬
         
 ٠{٣–٠{١  ٠{٦–٠{٣  ٤٠  ٢٥  
 ٠{٣–٠{١  ٠{٤–٠{٣  ٣٠  ٢٠ ‫א‬
 ٠{٢–٠{١  ٠{٣–٠{٢  ٢٥  ١٥  ‫א‬
 ٠{٣ J٠{١  ٠{٦–٠{٤  ٣٥  ٢٥  
 ٠{٣ J٠{١  ٠{٦–٠{٤  ٢٥  ٢٠  
 ٠{٣ J٠{١  ٠{٦ J٠{٤  ٢٠  ١٥  
 ٠{٣ J٠{١  ٠{٦ J٠{٤  ٦٠  ٣٠  ‫א‬
 ٠{٣ J٠{١  ٠{٨ J٠{٤  ١٢٠  ٧٥  ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E١F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EL‫א‬‫א‬FZ١٠٠٠CZ
 C
‫א‬
 ،E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J٢٥ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 L٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 L127.4 = 1000 ∗ 20 = 
3.14 ∗ 50
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KL١٢٥
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 L٠{٣٥‫א‬LE٠{٤–٠{٣F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 KL٠{٣٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 L١٢٥‫א‬ 
 L٠{٣٣ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 L = 125 ∗ π ∗ 50 =  
1000
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J٢٦ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EK٢–K١F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E 
 F‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،EF‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤٨F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J
 
 J٢٧ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬ J
 J٢٨ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬–
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬–
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬–
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣
 K‫א‬–
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 K–
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
 K‫א‬–
 K–
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥
 J٢٩ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬٦K
 K‫א‬‫א‬–
 K‫א‬‫א‬–
 K‫א‬–
 K‫א‬–
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬–
 K‫א‬‫א‬–
 K‫א‬‫א‬–
 K–
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨
 K‫א‬–
 K‫א‬–
 K‫א‬–
 K–
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٩
 K–
 K J
 K J
 J٣٠ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 K J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠
 K‫א‬–
 K‫א‬–
 K‫א‬–
 K–
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
 K‫א‬‫א‬–
 K‫א‬‫א‬–
 K -‫ﺩ‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١K
 K‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -
 
، ١،٢،٣‫א‬‫א‬ ٢K
LKK١٥     
 KE٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥K
 J٣١ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 E١F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٠W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 KE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 
 K،‫א‬،،‫א‬
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 KE١F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 KE١F‫א‬  
 E١F
 
 
 
 J٣٢ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢K
 KE٢F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ٣K
 ‫א‬
 KE٢F‫א‬،
 
F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٤K
 E‫א‬
 KE١F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E٢F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J٣٣ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 E٢F‫א‬
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  W ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K٦W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬–١
 K‫א‬‫א‬–٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٣
 KE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 
 K،،،،‫א‬
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬E
 KE٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬
E٢F‫א‬
 
 J٣٤ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 E٣F‫א‬
 ٢٠W‫א‬‫ א‬   K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬،E،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W 
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ –  
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬‫א‬ –
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬‫א‬E٣F‫א‬‫א‬ –
 K‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬‫א‬ –
 
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J٣٥ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 E٣F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E١F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١K
 KE–F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤K
 K–L–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦K
 ‫א‬– J
  J J
 K‫א‬– J
 K‫א‬‫א‬٧K
 E‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬٨K
 ‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬–
 K‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬٩K
 K‫א‬‫א‬١٠K
 J٣٦ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٤F‫א‬‫א‬ -
 KE–F‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬E٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 
 K‫א‬٣K
 K‫א‬E٩F‫א‬‫ א‬-
 KE٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 J٣٧ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬  
 ٣٠K  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١
 ٪١٠٠  K‫א‬‫א‬  
     
 
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
  ،      ، ‫א‬ 
 K،،
 
 
 
 ٣٠  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢
 ٪١٠٠ ‫א‬‫א‬    
   K‫א‬  
 
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
   ،     ، ‫א‬ 
،   ،  ‫א‬ ،E٢F ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K،
 
 J٣٨ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 
 
 KE٧٠F W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 J٣٨ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EF

 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
،E F‫א‬EF
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E١F
 KE٠{٠٠٣٢F‫א‬
 WE١F 
 
 W‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬WE°٦٠F‫א‬  J
،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE˚٦٠F‫א‬E٢F 
‫א‬‫א‬WE˚٧٥F‫א‬  J

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F
 °٦٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE˚٩٠F‫א‬  J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J٣٩ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
،E˚٦٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E˚١٢٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E٣F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 
WE٣F  
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E˚١٢٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E˚٦٠F
،E٤F،
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬WE٤F  
‫א‬
 
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬،E٥F
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬WE٥F
 

 
 J٤٠ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
W‫א‬
،
  ‫א‬،
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
 K٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?٢?
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE١F
‫א‬
EF‫א‬ EF‫א‬
EF‫א‬ ‫א‬
٤ ١ ١ ٦
٥{٥ ٢ ٢ ١٠٦
٨ ٢{٥ ٣ ١٣١٠
٩{٥ ٣{١٥ ٤ ١٦١٣
١١ ٤ ٥ ٢٠١٦
١٥ ٥ ٦ ٢٥٢٠
١٦{٥ ٦{٣ ٧ ٣٠٢٥
  ١٦{٥ ٦{٣ ٨ ٥٠٣٠
 
W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
KE١F‫א‬ 
،E‫א‬F‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦F  J
‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬WE٦F KE٧F‫א‬‫א‬
 J٤١ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬ ،E‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬WE٧F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ،‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
KE٨F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬، E٣ J١F‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬WE٨F  ‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 J٤٢ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩F
‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
E١F‫א‬‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E٦F،‫א‬E٣F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،
 ‫א‬
 W
‫א‬٪E١{٤ J٠{٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
،‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
 J٤٣ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E°٢٥٠F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W(HSS)‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬،‫א‬٪E٤{٤–٨{٣F‫א‬٪E١٩ J٨{٥F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬، ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬°١٢٠٠
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
،
 ‫א‬، ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،
 ‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
E°٩٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬ ،
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 J٤٤ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٠F 
WEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
، ‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١٠F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،°E٢٠–١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE١١F،‫א‬‫א‬
 
WE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬E‫א‬
،E١١F
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١١ F 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J٤٥ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬، 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬E15o − 10 o F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
،    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E١٢F
K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٢F  
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
،E١٣F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E˚٥F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٣F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J٤٦ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٤ F ، ‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE١٤F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٤F  
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K 
 WEF‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬،  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١٥F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٥F ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 J٤٧ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
KE١٦F‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 
 
 
 
WE١٦F  
 
KE١٧F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬E١٧F
 
 J٤٨ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 W–
F،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬ J
KE١٧
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
KE١٨F
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬WE١٨F
 
 
 –
 KE١٦،١٧،١٨F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W J
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W J
KE١٩F
 
 
 
 
 
WE١٩F
 
 J٤٩ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF J١
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،E٢٠F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٠F  
 ‫א‬  W‫א‬ J٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K 
 W‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬–
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٢١F
 KE٢١F،
 J٥٠ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬–
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٢F،‫א‬
 
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،(bearings)

  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٢F
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 J٥١ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٣F  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٣F
 ‫א‬،
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٤F  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،E٢٤F،‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 J٥٢ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٢٥F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬WE٢٥F  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،EF
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
،‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٦F
KE٢٦F
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٢٧F،‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬،
 KE٤ J٣F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٧F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 J٥٣ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

KE٢٧F،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬E،F‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬
 J
‫א‬
  ‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬
 KE٢٨F
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٨F  
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٩F  K‫א‬‫א‬
 J٥٤ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
،E٢٩F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  J
KE٤ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 J
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J

‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٣٠F،
 ‫א‬WE٣٠F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E،F‫א‬‫א‬ J
KE٠{٥–٠{٢F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
KE٤ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J
KLE٠{٢ J٠{٤F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 J٥٥ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬
،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE J٣١F E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬،E٣١F
، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣١F،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE J٣١F  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J

،E٣٢F،‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
KE‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 J٥٦ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
KE٣٢F،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J
،E٣٢F، ‫א‬‫א‬
K
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣٢F
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ،
  ‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 J٥٧ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
،E٣٣F،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣٣F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،(Dial indicators)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K( Backlash)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J٥٨ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،E٣٤F
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣٤F  ‫א‬ J٢
 
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣٥F
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣٥F  
 J٥٩ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
،E٣٦F،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WE٣٦F ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣٧F،‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣٧F  ‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬
 
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٨F
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE٣٨ F 
 
 J٦٠ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،،‫א‬
 KE٣٩F 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬WE٣٩F  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٤٠F
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
KE٤٠F، 
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 J٦١ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ JW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K١ J
 K٢ J
 K٣ J
 K٤ J
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K30 J
 K60 J
 K80 J
 K118 J
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K J
 K J
 K J
 K J
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 K J
 K J
 K J
 K J
 
 J٥
 J٦٢ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K١ J
 K٢ J
 K٣ J
 K٤ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
 K١ J
 K٢ J
 K٣ J
 K٤ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
 W‫א‬
 K١ J
 K٢ J
 K٣ J
 K٤ J
 
 J٦٣ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١١
 K١ J
 K٢ J
 K٣ J
 K٤ J
 
 
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢
 K‫א‬ J
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K________________،٢٧ J١
 K__________________E٥F‫א‬ J٢
 K_____________‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬__________‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 K___________
 J٦٤ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 K____________‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
‫א‬________________‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 K
___________‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K_____________‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
_______________‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
 K_____________
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
 K______________________
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J٦٥ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
E١F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠{٥H‫א‬ J١
 ٠{٠٨‫א‬ J٢
 
 
 
 
 J٦٦ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 E١F‫א‬
 ٦٠W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 K J
 KE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬،،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
 K٤٠٠X٣٥ø،،‫א‬،،
 W‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬
   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
   K‫א‬‫א‬ J
  K٣٣٠ J٣٠٠‫א‬‫א‬ J
   KLE٢٣٠ J٢٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬ J
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
   K‫א‬
 E١F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 J٦٧ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 E١F
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 KE٢F‫א‬،E‫א‬F‫א‬
   KE٨٠ J٥٠F‫א‬ J
   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
   K‫א‬ J
   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٠‫א‬ J
E٢F
   
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
   KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬
   KE٨F‫א‬ J
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
   KE١٦{٥F
E٣F
   
   
   
 
E٤F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   KE٤F‫א‬
   
   
   
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
E٥F    KE٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   
 J٦٨ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 E١F
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 KE٦F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
   E٣٠ J٢٠F‫א‬ J
   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   KL٢٠‫א‬ J
   KLE٠{٤F J
   
 E٦F‫א‬  
  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
   KE٧F،E٦F‫א‬‫א‬
   
 
 
 
 
 E٧F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J٦٩ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
E٢F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٠{٠٢H‫א‬ J١
K٠{٠٣٦‫א‬ J٢
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J٧٠ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 E٢F‫א‬
 
 ٦٠W‫א‬‫ א‬  ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 KE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W
،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬
X٦٥ø‫א‬،‫א‬،،،
 K٥٢٠
 W‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   K‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬ J
   K‫א‬ J
   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
   KE١F
 E١F‫א‬  J١٢٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
   KLE١٥٠
   KE١{٥–١F‫א‬ J
 KLE٠{٦–٠{٣F‫א‬ J
 
 J٧١ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 E٢F
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  KE٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KL٣٥‫א‬ J
 KL٠{٣ J
 
 E٢F‫א‬ ،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 KE٣F‫א‬
 K‫א‬L٣٥‫א‬ J
 KL٠{٣ J
 
 E٣F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
E٤F‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 E٤F‫א‬  KE٥F‫א‬
 KL٣٥ J
 KL٠{٢ J
 
 E٥F‫א‬
 
 
 J٧٢ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 E٣F‫א‬
 
E٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   K٠{٠٢H‫א‬ J١
  K٠{٠٣٦‫א‬ J٢
 
 J٧٣ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ٦٠W‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 KE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W
 ،،،‫א‬،‫א‬
 K٤٠ øEF‫א‬E١٢٢X١٠٠Fø
 W‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   K‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
   KE١F
   KL٢٥‫א‬‫א‬ J
 E١F‫א‬  KL٠{٤ J
   
  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
   KE٢F‫א‬
 KLE٢٥ J٢٠F‫א‬ J
 KLE٠{٤٥–٠{٣٥F J
 E٢F‫א‬
 
 J٧٤ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
   KE٣F‫א‬
   KLE٢٥F‫א‬ J
   KLE٠{٣F J
   K١{٥‫א‬ J
   
  ، ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
E٣F
   KE٤F‫א‬
   K‫א‬ J
   K‫א‬ J
   K‫א‬‫א‬LE٠{٥F J
    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ J
   KL٠{٢‫א‬‫א‬
   
E٤F
   
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
   KE٥F‫א‬
   KLE٢٠F‫א‬ J
 KLE٣٠F‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬٠{٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
E٥F  
 
 
 
 J٧٥ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 
 E٣F
  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
   K‫א‬‫א‬
   KE٦F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J
   KE٥F‫א‬ J
   
   
   
 E٦F‫א‬  
   
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J٧
   KE٧F‫א‬
   KL٣٠‫א‬ J
   K‫א‬‫א‬ J
   
 E٧F‫א‬   
   
   
   
  ،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
   KE٨F‫א‬
   
 KE٧F‫א‬ J
 
 E٨F‫א‬
 
 J٧٦ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K٠{١H‫א‬ J١
 K٠{٠٤‫א‬ J٢
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٠{١H‫א‬ J١
 K٠{٠٤‫א‬ J٢
 

 J٧٧ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 
 
 
 
 
 KE٧٠F  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  J٧٨ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ E‫א‬F ‫א‬
 K
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬
KWE١F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W
 K‫א‬W
      K‫א‬W
 ‫א‬ZW١
    WE١–F
     
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
WE٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬W = ‫أ‬
2
 K‫א‬‫א‬W
 K‫א‬‫א‬W١
  K‫א‬W
1
‫ ق‬−‫ق‬
      = ‫א‬‫א‬
‫ل‬2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  J٧٩ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 E٣F‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W
 K‫א‬‫א‬W
   K‫א‬‫א‬W١
  
‫א‬WE٣F‫א‬  K‫א‬W
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
      
 K -١
K‫א‬ -٢
KEF -٣
K -٤
 K‫א‬ -٥
 
 
 
E٤F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬،W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
  J٨٠ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
  J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
E٦F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 KWE١F‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
  1 29′27′   2 58′54′  ١٩{٢١٢W١  

o o
  1 25′43′   2 51′26′  ٢٠{٠٤٧W١  ١

o o
  1 25′50′   2 51′41′  ٢٠{٠٢٠W١  ٢

o o
  1 26′16′   2 52′32′  ١٩{٩٢٢W١  ٣

o o
  1 29′15′   2 58′31′  ١٩{٢٥٤W١  ٤

o o
  1 30′26′   3 00′53′  ١٩{٠٠٢W١  ٥

o o
  1 29′36′   2 58′12′  ١٩{١٨٠W١  ٦

o o
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥F‫א‬E
 ‫א‬F
 K‫א‬E٢F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
E٥F‫א‬
 
  J٨١ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬E٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ٦L٥–٥L٤–٤L٣–٣L٢–٢L١–١L٠  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦L١–٥L١–٤L١–٣L١  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦L٢–٥L٢–٤L٢  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦L٣–٥L٣  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٦F‫א‬
 KEF -١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
 
 
 
E٦F‫א‬
     ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
،‫א‬٨‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٣F‫א‬، 251o ‫א‬١٠W١‫א‬
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣F‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٢٣  ٢{٨٥  ٤  ٤
 ٣٢  ٤{٤٠  ٦  ٦
 ١٩٦  ٧٠{٢  ٨٠  ٨٠
 ٢٣٢  ٨٨{٤  ١٠٠  ١٠٠
 ٢٦٨  ١٠٦{٦  ١٢٠  ١٢٠
 ٣٠٤  ١٢٤{٨  ١٤٠  ١٤٠
  J٨٢ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٣٤٠  ١٤٣  ١٦٠  ١٦٠
 ٤١٢  ١٧٩{٤  ٢٠٠  ٢٠٠
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٤F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٤F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ٢L‫א‬   ‫א‬  W١
  60
o
  120
o  ٠{٢٨٩W١
  45
o
  90
o  ٠{٥٠٠W١
  30
o
  60
o  ٠{٨٦٦W١
  18 2 6 ′
o
  36 52′
o  ١{٥٠W١
  8 1 8′
o
  16 35′40′′
o  ٣{٤٢٩W١
  7 7′30′′
o
  14 51′
o  ٤W١
  5 42′38′′
o
  11 25′16′′
o  ٥W١
  4 45′49′′
o
  9 13′38′′
o  ٦W١
  2 51′ 45′′
o
  5 43′30′′
o  ١٠W١
  1 54′33′′
o
  3 49′
o  ١٥W١
 1 26′
o
  2 51′ 52′′
o  ٢٠W١
DIN٢٢٨‫א‬‫א‬
  J٨٣ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
  57′17′′   1 54′34′′  ٣٠W١

o
  34′23′′   1 8′46′′
o  ٥٠W١
 
  J٨٤ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧F‫א‬
 K٢٢Z‫א‬‫א‬
 K٢٠Z‫א‬‫א‬
     K٢٠Z‫א‬
 K١٠W١Z‫א‬
 K2 50ZE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
E٧F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E٥F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F‫א‬
  J٨٥ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬EF‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٨F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٦F‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
    J١
 ‫א‬   J٢
 ‫א‬   J٣
    J٤
    J٥
 ‫א‬   J٦
 ‫א‬   J٧
 ‫א‬   J٨
 ‫א‬   J٩
 
  J٨٦ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E٨F‫א‬،E١F‫א‬
 KE٤F‫א‬E٦F‫א‬‫א‬،E٢F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬  J١
E٩F‫א‬  K‫א‬  J٢
  K‫א‬  J٣
 K  J٤
       
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
E١٠F‫א‬  KE١٠F‫א‬،١٢٠ J٦
 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
 J‫א‬ J
‫א‬
E١١F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ J
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  J٨٧ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٢F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١٢F‫א‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE١٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٣F‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  J٨٨ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
1
 ‫א‬‫א‬ = ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2
  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1
‫ ق‬−‫ق‬
  = ‫א‬‫א‬
‫ل‬2
  
‫א‬،٣٠‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬K ٤٠، ٢٠
 KE١٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  0.125 = 20 − 30 = 
40 ∗ 2
 E١٤F‫א‬
 
‫א‬٠{١٢٥‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 7 7 ′
o
 
   
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1
‫ ق‬−‫ق‬
  57 ∗ =
‫ل‬2
 
، 12 o  ‫א‬ 7 o ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  7.125 = 57 ∗ 20 − 30
40 ∗ 2
‫א‬ 7 7 ′ ‫א‬‫א‬،7Z٦٠C٠١٢٥‫א‬٠{١٢٥
o
 ‫א‬‫א‬
  J٨٩ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E١٥F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 7 7 ′ ‫א‬
o
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
o
  90
 
 
 
 
 
90 ≥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E J١٦F‫א‬
 K90<‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E J١٦F‫א‬
 
 E١٦F‫א‬  
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬ -
 KE١٧F‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 ‫א‬
 E١٧F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  J٩٠ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫ א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 KE١٨F‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬W١
 ‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
 
 
‫ ل‬1‫ ق‬− ‫ق‬
  ‫ﻣﻢ‬ = ∗ = 
1‫ل‬ 2
 
 KE١٩F‫א‬
 E١٩F‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
      E٢٠F‫א‬
‫ ل‬1‫ ق‬− ‫ق‬
  ‫ﻣﻢ‬ = ∗ = 
1‫ل‬ 2
 
 ١Z
 E٢٠F‫א‬  
  J٩١ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
1
‫ ق‬−‫ق‬
  ‫ﻣﻢ‬ = = 
2
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٥٥‫א‬٦٠‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
55 − 60 1‫ ق‬− ‫ق‬
  ‫ﻣﻢ‬ 2.5 = = = 
2 2
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢{٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬C‫א‬‫א‬Z
،٥‫א‬،١٠٠‫א‬ ٢٠٠W
 K‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠٠C٢{٥Z
 K٨{٧Z٢٠٠C٠{٠٤٣٦٦Z
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
  ‫اﻟﺴﻠﺒﺔ‬ ∗
‫ل‬

2 100
‫א‬٢٥٠‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٨٠
 K‫؟‬‫א‬
 
  ‫ ﻣﻢ‬10 = 80 ∗ 250 = 
 E٢١F‫א‬ 2 100
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
  J٩٢ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     KE٢١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
         
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 KE٢٢F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  -
 E٢٢F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٣F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 E٢٣F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ -
 KE٢٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢٤F‫א‬     
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F
 
 E٢٥F‫א‬
  J٩٣ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬ -
  K‫א‬‫א‬ -
 KE٢٥F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E 22o − 10o F‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬Z
‫א‬Z
 K ‫א‬‫א‬Z
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
1
‫ ق‬−‫أ ق‬
 = 
‫ل‬2 2
 W
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 EF‫א‬‫א‬W
 EF‫א‬‫א‬W١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٤٠٠‫א‬،٢٥٠‫א‬‫א‬W
 K٣٥٠
 
  J٩٤ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
1
‫ ق‬−‫أ ق‬
      = ‫א‬
‫ل‬2 2
   0.1 = 350 − 400 =   
250 ∗ 2
 K  6o ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪١٨‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
  0.9 = 18 ∗ 0.5 = ‫א‬‫א‬
100
  5 9 ′ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
o
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٦F‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬ K١
 ‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
 ‫א‬ K٣
 ‫ א‬K٤
  K٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
 ‫א‬ K٨
 
 
 E٢٦F‫א‬
  J٩٥ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
  JW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ -
،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
W‫א‬E٢٧‫א‬F
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢٧F‫א‬  ‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 E٢٨F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
  KE٢٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  J٩٦ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
  K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ 3 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
4
K‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 ،   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬   J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 ‫א‬
 E J٢٩F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 E J٢٩F‫א‬‫א‬
٢٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 E–
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬_
 E٢٩F‫א‬
  J٩٧ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E J٢٩F‫א‬
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٣٠F‫א‬
 E٣٠F‫א‬
 K‫א‬
  J٩٨ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
Z‫א‬‫א‬،٣٢Z ‫א‬‫א‬
 ،٢٨
 K‫؟‬٥٠‫א‬٢٠٠Z‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٨٠‫א‬٢٥٠‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
‫א‬٢٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 K‫ ؟‬5o ‫א‬‫א‬١٠٠‫א‬
‫؟‬180o ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬_٥
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٦
K‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
K‫؟‬٪٢٥‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٩
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬–١١
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٢
 ‫؟‬W١‫א‬‫א‬–١٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
  J٩٩ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬٦٠‫א‬٢٠ ‫א‬٤٠‫א‬ J٢
 W
  K  4 o8′ K
  9 o 2′ K
   19 o 5′ K 
 25o 4′ K 
 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
‫א‬‫ א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 ٨٠ J٤ K
 ١٠٠ J٥ K
 ١٢٠–5 K
 ١٤٠ J٨ K
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 ١٠W١ 
 ٨W١ 
 ٦W١ 
 ٥W١ 
  J١٠٠ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 E١F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  J١٠١ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E١F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
 
 
 E،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W
 K٢٨C١٤٥‫א‬ •
K •
 K •
K •
K‫א‬ •
K •
K٠{٠٥ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 
 
 
  J١٠٢ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
 ١٣٠‫א‬
 KE١F‫א‬٠{١±
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١
 KE٢F‫א‬
 
K٠{١±٢٥‫א‬ -٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 KE٣F
 
 ٢٥‫א‬ -٣
K‫א‬E٤F‫א‬٠{١±
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
٠{٠٥±٢٤‫א‬
  -٤
‫א‬، ٠{١±٤٤{٥
KE٥F
 K‫א‬v‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٥
KE٦F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫ ل‬1‫ ق‬− ‫ق‬
 = ∗ =‫س‬
1‫ل‬ 2
 E٧F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 K٠{٠٥±‫א‬
 
  J١٠٣ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E١F
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
 ٠{١±٤٠{٠٥±١٨
KE٨F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 E٩F‫א‬،‫א‬ J٩
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
 E١٠F‫א‬‫א‬
  60 o ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 30 o ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
  J١٠٤ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E٢F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
  J١٠٥ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E٢F‫א‬

 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 E،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W
 K١٠٠C١٢∅‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬ •
 K٣ •
K٠{٠٥EF •
KEF •
 KEF •
  J١٠٦ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  J١
 K٠{٠٥±E١F‫א‬
K‫א‬ J
 
 W‫؛‬E٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 K٩٥٨{٩ J
 ١٥٨{٤ J
 K٤٠٨{٢ J
 K٠{١±
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
١٠٨‫א‬  J  J٣
 KE٣F‫א‬،٠{٠٥±
K٤٠‫א‬‫א‬EF J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
KE٤F‫א‬
 ٤٠٨‫א‬  J٥
KE٥F‫א‬٠{٠٥±E‫א‬‫א‬F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
E٦F‫א‬‫א‬٥٢25‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
 
1
‫ ق‬−‫ق‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
2
 
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
  J١٠٧ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 E٣F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  J١٠٨ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E٣F‫א‬
 ٤W‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 
  JWE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W
 K٤٨C٢٠∅،٦٥C٤٥∅‫א‬ •
 ٠ •
K •
 K١{٥C١٢ •
K١{٥C١٢ •
K٣ •
K١٠{٥ •
 K٠{٠٥ •
 
 
 
  J١٠٩ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E٣F
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 ،‫א‬‫א‬  J١
KE١F‫א‬
 
 
 KE٢F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 
 
 KE٣F‫א‬،٣‫א‬  J٣
K‫א‬‫ א‬-
 
 
٠{١±٢٠١٠{٥‫א‬  J٤
KE٤F‫א‬
 
 
، ١٢‫א‬‫א‬
   J٥
 KE٥F‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 
 
 K‫א‬EF  J٦
E٦F‫א‬،‫א‬EF
 
 
 
  J١١٠ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
E٧F‫א‬EF  J٧
‫א‬EF
 K٠{٠٥±١٥،١٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
١٢‫א‬  J٨
،  ‫א‬M
 KE٨F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
‫א‬  J٩
‫א‬‫א‬
‫ق‬
 ‫א‬ K‫א‬
‫ل‬2
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١٠
 KE١٠F‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
E١١F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF  J١١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
،١٢‫א‬EF
 K٠{٠٥±١٥
 KK١EF
K‫א‬٢EF J١٢
٤٦EF
 E١٢F‫א‬
 ،٢±‫א‬ J
 
  J١١١ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E٣F
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 ١٥‫א‬‫א‬  J١٣
 KE١٣F‫א‬١٢‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 
 ‫א‬‫ א‬ J١٤
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٨‫א‬‫א‬EF
 KE١٤F‫א‬٠{٠٥±٢٩
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF  J١٥
KE١٥F‫א‬
 ‫א‬  J١٦
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
  J١١٢ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٤F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 K٠{٠٥±‫א‬ J
  J١١٣ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 E٤F‫א‬
 ٥‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 EF‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 
 
 E،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W
 ٧٥C١٠٠∅‫א‬ •
K •
KE،F •
K٣ •
K١٦،١٤،١٠ •
K٠{٠٥ •
K‫א‬ •
 KH7١٨∅ •
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J١١٣ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 E٤F
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬ J
 
 KE٢F‫א‬٣ J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬
 
 
 ١٦،١٤،١٠ J٣
 K‫א‬E٣F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 
 ‫א‬،١٧{٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
KE٤F‫א‬٠{٠١±
 
 
 H7١٨∅‫א‬ J٥
KE٥F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 J١١٤ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 E٤F
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 E٦F‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF J٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
  KE٧F‫א‬
 ٢٢٥٧‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
KE٨F‫א‬٠{٠٥±
 
 ٢٢،٧٧‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
KE٩F‫א‬٠{٠٥±
 
 ٢٥٩٧‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
KE١٠F‫א‬٠{٠٥±
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١١
 KE١١F‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢
 KE١٢F‫א‬‫א‬
  J
 ٠{٠٥±‫א‬ J
 
 J١١٥ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫ א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ٩٠    
 ٪١٠٠  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J١١٦ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١F‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬K
K‫א‬K
 K‫א‬K
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(H.S.S)‫א‬‫א‬١
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬H.S.S‫א‬
 ‫א‬E٢F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 J١١٧ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
″ ″ ″
 EKKKKKKK، 3 ، 1 ، 3 F‫א‬
8 4 16
 
 K 800 o 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬
E٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
       
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٤F‫א‬  KE٤F‫א‬
،٥٩٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K
 J١١٨ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E،، J٥F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE،، J٥F ‫א‬
 
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 KE J٥F‫א‬،E 5o F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬K
 KE J٥F‫א‬،E 85o − 70 o F
E 8o − 5o F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬K
 KE J٥F‫א‬
  ،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 KE J٥F‫א‬،E 30 o − 20 o F
‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 E J٥F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE J٥F‫א‬ E 60 o F‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 J١١٩ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬K
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬WE٦F ‫א‬
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬E٧F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬K
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬WE٧F ‫א‬
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬E٨F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬K
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬WE٨F‫א‬
 
 J١٢٠ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬E٩F‫א‬
 KE٥١٠F‫א‬K
KE٥٦٠F‫א‬‫א‬K
 KE٥٨ J٥٥FE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 
‫א‬‫א‬ WE٩F‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
       ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬

   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬‫א‬
‫א‬      ‫א‬
  60o
8 −5
 
o o
  30 −20
o o
  8 −5
o o
 80 −70
o o
  5o    ١
  8 −5   60 −55   6 −5  70 −60   8 −5
o o o o o o o o o o o
  30   ٢
  8 −5
o o o o o o
    10   45   60   20    ٣
  3 −2   15 −12
o o o o o o o
    30   15   75    ٤
  10 −8
o o o o o o
    30   30   75   30   ٥
 J١٢١ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E١٠F‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٠F‫א‬      K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١١F‫א‬
 KE 5o F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE 5o F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١١F‫א‬  KEF‫א‬
 
 E 5o F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E 5o F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٢F ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 J١٢٢ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 WE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
E١٣F‫א‬،E14 o F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E14 o F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬WE١٣F‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
  JW‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١
E١٤F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬WE١٤F‫א‬  KE٥١٨٠ JF‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬،E٤ J٣F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٥F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬WE١٥F‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 J١٢٣ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٦F‫א‬،
      
‫א‬‫א‬WE١٦F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 KE١٧F‫א‬،
        
‫א‬‫א‬WE١٧F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
،‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WE١٨F‫א‬  KE١٨F‫א‬
 
 
 
 J١٢٤ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
E J١٩F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WE١٩F‫א‬
 KE J١٩F
 
 
        
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬WE٢٠F‫א‬ ‫א‬E٢٠F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
       
 
 ‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬E٢١F‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬WE٢١F‫א‬  
 J١٢٥ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J١
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
E٢٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF
 KLKKKKKKKKZCCπZ
 KL‫א‬E‫א‬FZ
  3.14  22 ‫א‬‫א‬Zπ
7
 K‫א‬‫א‬Z
 K‫א‬‫א‬Z
 KZL
 K‫א‬‫א‬Z١٠٠٠
 K‫א‬ZCπ
 J١٢٦ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 ‫؟‬L٥٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣٥‫א‬W
 W‫א‬
  ‫ ∗ ق ∗ ن‬π = 
1000
  ‫ د‬/ ‫ م‬55 = 500 ∗ 35 ∗ 22
1000 ∗ 7
  JW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ .١
KE‫א‬KKKKK––F‫א‬ .٢
KE‫א‬–F‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
KE–F‫א‬ .٤
 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 KEF
  ‫ل∗ د‬ = ‫ ت‬
‫ن∗ ز‬
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z
 K‫א‬‫א‬Z
 K‫א‬Z
 K‫א‬Z
٣L١٣٣٢٤٠‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫ل∗ د‬
  = ‫ ت‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ن∗ ز‬
1 ∗ 240
  ‫ﻟﻔﺔ‬ / ‫ ﻣﻢ‬0.6 = =‫ت‬
133 ∗ 3
 J١٢٧ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF
1
‫ ق‬−‫ق‬
  ‫ﻣﻢ‬ =
2
 K‫א‬Z
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z١
٢٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٠W
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
1
‫ ق‬−‫ق‬
  ‫ﻣﻢ‬ = = W‫א‬
2
  ‫ ﻣﻢ‬1 = 20 − 22 = 
2
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫ل∗ د‬ = ‫א‬‫א‬
‫ز∗ ت‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z
 K‫א‬‫א‬Z 
 K‫א‬Z
 KL‫א‬‫א‬Z
 
‫א‬٤‫א‬٢٠٠‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W 
 K٠{٥‫א‬٢‫א‬
2 ∗ 200
  ‫دﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ / ‫دورة‬ 200 = = W‫א‬
0.5 ∗ 4
 
 J١٢٨ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ELF‫א‬ ‫א‬
50 45 40 35 30 27 25 22 20 15 12 10  9  8  
 
 ELF‫א‬
3180 2870 2548 2230 1912 1720 1590 1398 1272 955 764 636 573 510  5
2650 2390 2124 1856 1593 1432 1325 1165 1060 797 636 531 478 425 6
2275 2025 1820 1593 1365 1230 1136 1000 910 683 546 455 409 364 7
1990 1791 1592 1393 1194 1075 996 876 796 597 478 400 358 318 8
1770 1590 1415 1240 1060 955 886 780 708 530 425 354 318 288 9
1590 1435 1274 1125 956 860 796 700 637 478 382 318 287 255 10
1445 1300 1157 1013 868 781 724 636 580 434 347 289 260 231 11
1325 1195 1060 928 796 716 663 584 531 398 318 265 239 212 12
1225 1100 980 857 735 662 612 539 490 367 294 245 220 196 13
1136 1025 910 796 682 615 568 502 455 341 273 228 205 182 14
1058 952 846 740 635 572 531 467 425 313 254 212 191 169 15
995 896 796 695 597 538 497 438 398 298 239 199 179 159 16
940 845 752 657 563 508 470 414 376 281 225 188 169 150 17
885 795 708 620 530 478 443 390 354 265 212 177 159 142 18
840 756 672 589 504 454 420 370 336 252 201 168 151 134 19
795 416 637 558 478 430 398 351 319 239 191 159 143 128 20
759 683 608 532 456 410 380 334 305 228 182 152 136 122 21
723 650 579 506 434 390 362 318 290 217 174 145 130 116 22
693 624 555 485 416 374 347 305 278 208 167 139 125 111 23
663 598 530 464 398 358 332 292 266 199 159 133 120 106 24
638 574 510 446 383 344 319 281 255 192 153 128 115 102 25
613 550 490 428 368 331 306 270 245 184 174 123 110 98 26
590 531 472 413 354 319 295 260 236 177 142 118 106 94 27
568 512 455 398 341 307 284 250 227 171 137 114 103 91 28
529 476 423 370 318 286 265 233 212 158 127 106 95 85 30
498 448 398 348 298 269 249 219 199 149 119 100 89 80 32
483 435 386 338 289 261 241 212 193 144 115 97 86 77 33
468 422 375 328 281 253 234 206 187 140 112 94 84 75 34
455 410 364 319 273 246 227 200 182 136 109 91 81 73 35
442 398 354 310 265 239 221 194 177 138 106 89 79 71 36
419 377 335 293 251 226 209 184 168 126 100 84 76 67 38
393 358 318 278 239 215 199 175 159 119 96 80 72 64 40
354 318 283 248 214 191 177 156 142 106 85 71 64 57 45
318 287 255 223 191 172 159 140 127 96 76 64 57 51 50
289 260 231 203 174 156 145 127 116 87 69 58 52 46 55
 J١٢٩ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E٣F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ELF‫א‬ ‫א‬
50 45 40 35 30 27 25 22 20 15 12 10  9  8  
 
 ELF‫א‬
265 239 212 186 159 143 133 117 106 80 64 53 48 43  60
245 220 196 171 147 132 122 108 98 74 59 49 44 39 65
227 205 182 159 136 123 114 100 91 68 55 46 41 36 70
212 191 170 148 127 115 106 94 85 64 51 43 38 34 75
199 179 159 139 119 107 100 88 80 60 48 40 36 32 80
177 159 142 124 106 96 89 78 71 53 43 35 32 28 90
159 143 127 111 96 86 80 70 64 47.8 38.2 31.8 29 25.5 100
145 130 116 101 87 78 73 64 58 43.4 34.7 28.9 26 23.3 110
138 125 111 97 83 76 69 61 56 41.5 33.4 27.7 25 22.2 115
133 120 106 93 80 72 67 59 53 39.8 31.8 56.5 24 21.2 120
127 115 102 89 76 69 64 56 51 38.2 30.6 25.5 23 20.4 125
123 110 98 86 73 66 61 54 49 36.7 29.4 24.5 22 19.6 130
114 102 91 80 68 61 57 50 46 34.2 27.3 22.8 20 18.2 140
106 95 85 74 64 57 53 47 43 31.8 25.4 21.2 19 16.9 150
100 90 80 70 60 54 50 44 40 29.8 24.0 20.0 18 16.0 160
91 83 73 64 55 49 46 40 36 27.3 21.8 18.2 16 14.5 175
80 72 64 56 48 43 40 35 32 23.9 19.1 15.9 14.3 12.8 200
71 64 57 50 43 38 35 31 28 21.2 17.0 14.2 12.7 11.3 225
64 57 51 45 38 34 32 28 26 19.2 15.3 12.7 11.5 10.2 250
58 52 46 41 35 31 29 25 23 17.4 13.9 11.6 10.4 9.3 275
53 48 42 37 32 29 27 23 21 15.8 12.7 10.6 9.5 8.5 300
46 41 36 32 27 25 23 20 18 13.7 10.9 9.1 8.2 7.3 350
40 36 32 28 24 22 20 18 16 11.9 9.6 8.0 7.2 6.4 400
36 32 28 25 21 19 18 16 14 10.6 8.5 7.1 6.4 5.7 450
32 29 26 22 19 17 16 14 13 9.6 7.6 6.4 5.7 5.1 500
 
 
 
 
 
 J١٣٠ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬WE٢٣F ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٢٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٤F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٤F‫א‬
 J١٣١ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
     
 ‫א‬‫א‬  J

K‫א‬‫א‬
KE٢٥F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
KE J٢٦F‫א‬
WE٢٥F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F
 ‫א‬‫א‬١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE J٢٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
1
‫ ق‬−‫ق‬
‫= ﻣﻢ‬ = EF‫א‬
2
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٢٧F‫א‬،‫א‬٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٧F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J١٣٢ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٨F‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J

K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
F‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٩F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬
 ‫א‬E٢٩F‫א‬،‫א‬
KE٣٠F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WE٣٠F‫א‬
 E٣١F‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣١F‫א‬
 
 J١٣٣ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٢F
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣٢‫א‬
         
‫א‬ ‫א‬ J
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٣٣F‫א‬،‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬WE٣٣F‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣٤F‫א‬
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬WE٣٤F‫א‬
 
 
 J١٣٤ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣٥F‫א‬
  
    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣٥F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 1 = ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2
 W‫א‬‫א‬
1
‫ ق‬−‫أ ق‬
  = = ‫א‬‫א‬
‫ل‬2 2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ أ‬،‫א‬‫א‬Z 

2
 K‫א‬‫א‬W
 K‫א‬‫א‬W١
 K‫א‬W
 
 ‫א‬،٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 K٧١٣٠
1
‫ ق‬−‫أ ق‬
  = = ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫ل‬2 2
 
  O.14054 = 30 − 50   
71 ∗ 2
 
o
 8
‫א‬‫א‬
 
 J١٣٥ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
 KE٣٦F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣٦F‫א‬
 J١٣٦ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E 60 o 
 F ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE ٣٧F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬WE٣٧F‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢C‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬ J
KE٣٨F‫א‬
‫א‬WE٣٨F ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J١٣٧ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 ،‫א‬
KE٣٩F‫א‬
E٣٩F‫א‬
 ،‫א‬ J
 KE٤٠F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
    K
 E٤١F‫א‬، J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
E٤٠F‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
  J K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬WE٤١F‫א‬  J١٣٨ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٤٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬WE٤٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤٣F‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬WE٤٣F‫א‬  
‫א‬  
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٤٤F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬WE٤٤F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬KE٤٥F‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬WE٤٥F‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 J١٣٩ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
KKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ -١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 KKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 °٦٠٠ J
 °٧٠٠ J
 °٨٠٠ J
 °٩٠٠ J
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 
 J١٤٠ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 KKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 KKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 
٤٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣٠‫א‬E٣
 KL
 
٢٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٥E٤
 K‫א‬
 
،٦٥‫א‬٥٠‫א‬٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩
 
 
 
 J١٤١ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ١‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬٠{١،‫א‬٠{٠٢±‫א‬
 J١٤٢ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 ‫א‬
 
 ٦W‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١
 K٠{٠٢±‫א‬
 
 WE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W
٥،‫א‬،٤٠C٥٠∅ ‫א‬ -
،٠{٠٢،‫א‬‫א‬، ١٥،١٨، ١٠∅،
‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 J١٤٣ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF -١
 ٤٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 KE١F‫א‬،٠{١±،٣٦
 
 ٤٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF -٢
E١F‫א‬
 K٠{١±
، ٥∅‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 KE٢F‫א‬
 
E٢F‫א‬ ١٨،١٥،١٠∅ 
 ‫א‬ -٣
‫א‬،‫א‬
  ‫א‬E٣F
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
E٣F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٤
٠{٠٢±
 ‫א‬ ٢٠
 KE٤F‫א‬
 
E٤F‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٥
٣٢ ١٠
 KE٥F‫א‬٠{٠٢
E٥F‫א‬
 
 
 
 J١٤٤ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 E١F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬EF -٦
 K‫א‬
٣٢‫א‬EF
٠{٠٢±‫א‬١٠
 KE٦F‫א‬
 
E٦F‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J١٤٥ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 E٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ٠{١±‫א‬
 
 
 
 J١٤٦ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 
 ٢‫א‬
 ٤W‫א‬‫ א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 
 WE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W
C٤٥∅‫א‬،٣٣C٤٥∅‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬،٢٣
K٠{٠٥،‫א‬،،‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 J١٤٧ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 E٢F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 
‫א‬
 E١F‫א‬
E١F‫א‬  
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٢F‫א‬
 E٢F‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J
E٣F‫א‬  E٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
٢٤‫א‬
E٤F‫א‬  KE٤F‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 
 ٢٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF J٤
 ٠٠{١±
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
1
‫ ق‬−‫ق‬
E٥F   K‫א‬
‫ل‬2
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٥F‫א‬
 J١٤٨ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
  
 E٢F
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١
 KE٦F‫א‬،E٣‫א‬F
 
 E٦F‫א‬
 K‫א‬ -٢
‫ א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٧F
 E٧F
 ‫א‬ -٣
 KE٨F‫א‬،١٦
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 E٨F‫א‬
١٨‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٤
‫א‬، ٠{١±
 KE٩F
E٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٥
‫א‬
 E١٠F‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬
 E١٠F‫א‬
 J١٤٩ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 
 E٢F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬º٤٥‫א‬ -٦
 KE١١F‫א‬،
 
 
 E١١F‫א‬
 ١‫א‬٣،٢‫א‬EF -٧
 ٣،٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K٠{١±
٣‫א‬٥٤٥‫א‬EF
 KE١٢F‫א‬
 E١٢F‫א‬
 
 
K٣‫א‬EF-٨
 KE١٣F‫א‬،EF
 
 E١٣F
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J١٥٠ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ١٠٠  ٠{١±
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J١٥١ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 
 
 KE٧٠F  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J١٥٢ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬ 
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
  EF ‫א‬  ،E١F
‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ،‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 .‫א‬
 
 WE١F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬E٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ EF   ‫א‬
‫א‬   ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ EF
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬
  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K٢Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬WE٢F  
 J١٥٣ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ J١
 E‫א‬F‫א‬E٣F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫ א‬-١
 ‫ א‬-٢
 ‫א‬‫ א‬-٣
 E‫א‬F‫ א‬-٤
 
،،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬WE٣F‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬
 
 EVF J٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬VE٤F‫א‬
 K‫א‬ -١
 K -٢
 K‫א‬ -٣
 K‫א‬ -٤
 ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   
V ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   
 ، E٤F ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬
VWE٤F‫א‬
 
 
 J١٥٤ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬-١
، E ‫א‬  F ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
KE٥F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫ א‬-٢
‫א‬‫א‬WE٥F‫א‬
K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫ א‬-٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E J٦F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 
E°٩٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٤
 J٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E
،E J٦F‫א‬
K‫א‬
 
  ، ‫א‬      ‫ א‬-٥
 ‫א‬  ، E J٦F ‫א‬  ‫א‬
E٦F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٦
‫א‬E J٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 J١٥٥ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٧F‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WE٧F‫א‬  KE٨F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  -
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬  E١ J٢ J٢ F  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ،E٤F
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٨F‫א‬
 KE٩F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  -
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٧F‫א‬
‫א‬E٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬WE٩F‫א‬
 ‫א‬  J١٥٦ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 15o − 10o ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E١٠F ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬V 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٠F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ -
 E J١٠F‫א‬‫א‬
 K15o − 10o ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 KE J١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 J١٥٧ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EFE١١F‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J١٥٨ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ -‫أ‬
 WE١٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E‫א‬F‫א‬ -١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ J٣
 ٠‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٢F‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ -‫ب‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  -
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬٠E١٣F ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٣F‫א‬  K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 J١٥٩ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  -
 K‫א‬
 KE١٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K ١‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٤F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 E‫א‬ ‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬  -
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫ א‬-
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 KE J١٥F‫א‬
‫א‬   E‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫ א‬-
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE J١٥F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
E‫א‬F‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE J١٥F‫א‬،‫א‬
 J١٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٥F‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ E

 K‫א‬
 J١٦٠ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  -

K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ J١
،       
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬    
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ، 
  ‫א‬     
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٦F‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ETF  
‫א‬     ‫א‬   ، 
   ‫א‬    ، E١٦F
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
    ‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬
  ‫א‬  E١٧F ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬٠ ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٧F‫א‬
 J١٦١ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
   E١٨F ‫א‬   ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬WE١٨F‫א‬  
 ‫א‬  
 
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١٨F‫א‬
 K١٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 J١٦٢ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -‫أ‬
 K‫א‬ -١
 K‫א‬ -٢
 K‫א‬ -٣
 K‫א‬ -٤
 
 WV‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -‫ب‬
 K‫א‬ -١
 K‫א‬ -٢
 K‫א‬ -٣
 K -٤
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K°١٠ J°٥ -١
 K°١٥ J°١٠ -٢
 K°٢٠ J°١٥ -٣
 K°٣٠ J°٢٠ -٤
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K J٤
 J١٦٣ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ،‫א‬
 
 WE٢٥٠FE٤٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 KE°١٥ J°١٠F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 J١٦٤ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥
 
 
 
 J١٦٥ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 E١F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J١٦٦ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 E١F‫א‬
 
 E١FW‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W
  JW‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 
 E،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١٥٥C٣٥‫א‬‫א‬
،،،،‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬F
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٥٠‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬
 KE١F‫א‬
 KE٠{٢±F‫א‬‫א‬
 E١F‫א‬
 
 
 
 J١٦٧ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 E١F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
E٢F ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣
E٢F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٠{١±F٣٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
٣٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K٢٠
E٣F
‫א‬‫א‬ J
 Kº ١٥ Jº١٠‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
،‫א‬
‫א‬
E F  KE٤F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
،٢٠٣٠
‫א‬  KE٥F‫א‬
E F
‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬EF
 J١٦٨ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
  E٢F 
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(٢) ‫א‬
 E٤FW‫א‬‫ א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬W
  JW‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
 
 E،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W
 ١٥٥C٥٠‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬،E
 ‫א‬F‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،،

 
 J١٦٩ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 KE٠{٢±FE١٥٠F‫א‬
 

E١F‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
KE٢F‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣
E٢F‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
KE٣F
‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
 
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
E٣F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 KE٤F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
E٤F‫א‬
 J١٧٠ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
±E٩٨F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬ J٥
KE٥F‫א‬‫א‬٠{٢
 
 
E٥F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٦
E٦F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
  
 
E٦F‫א‬
±E٣٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٧
K‫א‬٠{٢
 
 
 
 
E٧F‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬
 K٠{٢±E٤٦FE١٥F
 
 
 
E٨F‫א‬
 
 
 J١٧١ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E٣F‫א‬
 E٥FW‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬W
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
 ،‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
 E،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١٦٥C٧٠F‫א‬‫א‬ J
،‫א‬‫א‬،،،،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١F‫א‬E٠{٢±F١٥٧
E١F  
 J١٧٢ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 E٢F
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣
KE٣F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
E٣F‫א‬
 
٢٥C٥٨‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
KE٤F‫א‬٠{٢±
 
E٤F‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٥F‫א‬
E٥F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 ٠{٢±٣٥C٣٧
KE٦F‫א‬
E٦F‫א‬
 J١٧٣ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EF‫א‬ J
 KE٧F‫א‬،‫א‬

E٧F‫א‬
 
٢{٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
KE٨F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
E٨F‫א‬  
 
٢٢C١٤‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
  KE٩F‫א‬٠{٢±
 
 
E٩F‫א‬  
 
r ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
 = 2 mm
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE١٠F‫א‬
E١٠F‫א‬  
 ١{٥‫א‬‫א‬º٤٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١١
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١١F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
E١١F‫א‬  J١٧٤ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E٤F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E٤F‫א‬
 E٥FW‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
  JW‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 E،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W
 E٨٥C٣٢FEF
،،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،،‫א‬،

 J١٧٥ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE١F‫א‬
 
E١F  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢
KE٢F‫א‬،
 
 
E٢F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
K‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 E٣F
 
E٣F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
K١٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٤F‫א‬
 
E٤F‫א‬  
٢٩‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
‫א‬،٠{٢±٥
KE٥F
 
 
E٥F‫א‬
 J١٧٦ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬
٥٢٩‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٦F‫א‬،٠{٢±

E٦F‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
KE٧F‫א‬‫א‬

E٧F‫א‬
‫א‬  J٨
،‫א‬‫א‬ ١٨– ١٥– ١٠
KE٨F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
E٨F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٩
KE٩F‫א‬،٠{٢±٢٠
 
E٩F‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
E١٠F‫א‬  KE١٠F‫א‬،
 
 J١٧٧ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١١
KE١١F‫א‬،‫א‬
 

E١١F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٥٠٢٠‫א‬ J
 K٤٥١٤‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K١٥١٢‫א‬‫א‬ J
٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬،‫א‬٠{٢±K
E١٢F‫א‬
 KE١٢F
‫א‬ ‫א‬ J١٣
‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
  
 
 
E١٣F‫א‬
 J١٧٨ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
  E٥F 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E٥F‫א‬
 E٢FW‫א‬‫ א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 E،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٨C٦٠FE‫א‬F
‫א‬،،،،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١
 K
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K١٠‫א‬
 KE١F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
E١F‫א‬ ‫א‬ 90o ‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J١٧٩ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 KE٢F‫א‬،٢٠
 
 K‫א‬EF‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
E٣F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٣F‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
KE٤F‫א‬
E٤F‫א‬
 
 J١٢ J ٨‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬١٨
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J
E٥F  KE٥F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
٠{٢±٢٠  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K  
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
 J١٨٠ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬
   
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬


‫א‬  
 
٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١
 
 EF‫א‬
٪١٠٠  
 
 

 

 J١٨١ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
٤  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬٢
٪١٠٠    

 
 J١٨٢ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬  
٢{٣٠  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬٣

٪١٠٠

٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٤

٪١٠٠    
 
 
 
 
 

 

 
 J١٨٣ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 E ‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬
٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 
 KE٣٥F W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J١٨٤ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

E١F‫א‬،،
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١F‫א‬  K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
 W
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 EFE٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
KEFWE٢F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
  
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 ،E٣F‫א‬
،
‫א‬،
 K‫א‬،‫א‬
WE٣F‫א‬ 
 J١٨٥ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 E٤F‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 KWE٤F‫א‬
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،E٥F‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬WE٥F‫א‬
 K،‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 KE٦F‫א‬
 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬WE٦F
 
 
 
 
 
 J١٨٦ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ J٢
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬
 KE٧F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WE٧F‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١–٢–٣
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬WE٨F  ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٨F‫א‬،‫א‬K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ،
 ،،‫א‬
 KE٩F‫א‬
 
WE٩F‫א‬  
 J١٨٧ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٠F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
 K
 
 
WE١٠F‫א‬  EF‫א‬ J
K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١١F‫א‬
WE١١F‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬WE١٢F‫א‬
 J١٨٨ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
E١٣F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬WE١٣F‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،EF
 
 
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ J٢
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E١F‫א‬‫א‬
 J١٨٩ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E١F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ٢L٦٠ J٥٠  ٢L٨٠ J٧٠
١٠٠ J٨٠  ٥٠–٤٠ ٤٠–٢٥  ٢٥–٢٠  ١٥–١٠ ‫א‬
 ELF
 
 ‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،EL F‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬،EL F‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ZELF‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬GELF‫א‬‫א‬
EF٦٠
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E١٤F،EF
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 LE٠{٥F‫א‬‫א‬E١F
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٤F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J١٩٠ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J١٩١ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬WE١٥F‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬E١٥F‫א‬
‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٦F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٦F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
 E١٧F‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٧F‫א‬  
 J١٩٢ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١K
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J  K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K J  K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢
 K‫א‬ J  K–
 K‫א‬‫א‬–  K‫א‬ J
 
 W‫א‬ELF‫א‬‫א‬٣K
 K‫א‬ J  K‫א‬–
 K‫א‬–  K‫א‬ J
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤K
K‫א‬‫א‬–  K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
 K–  K‫א‬‫א‬–
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬٥K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬– 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫– א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
 
 J١٩٣ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦K
 K‫א‬–  K‫א‬–
 K‫א‬–  K‫א‬–
 
 W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧K
 K‫א‬–  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–  K‫א‬‫א‬–
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–  K‫א‬‫א‬–
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–  K‫א‬‫א‬–
 
 WW٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W٥
 
 ‫؟‬‫؟‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٦
 
 ‫؟‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٧
 J١٩٤ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 E١F
 EF‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J١٩٥ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ٢{٣٠W‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF -
 
 E،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 
،،EKK١FE٥٥FØ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،EF،‫א‬‫א‬، ٨
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،EF
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١K
٤٩{٩،
 K١KKH
 
 J ٤٥،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
٨‫א‬E‫א‬F
 KE١F‫א‬،
 
 
 
 E١F‫א‬
 J١٩٦ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E١F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،٣‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١
، ٢KKH ٤٥
 KE٢F‫א‬
 
‫א‬  J٢
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F  J٣
٤٥‫א‬
 EF
‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬،‫א‬
 E٤F
 
‫א‬‫א‬٣٨  J٤
،٤٥‫א‬
 K٢KKH٣
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ -
‫א‬،
 KE٥F
 
 
 J١٩٧ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 E٢F
 EF
 
 J١٩٨ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E٢F‫א‬
 ٢W‫א‬‫א‬EFW‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF–٢
 
 E،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 
،،E١{٨FE١٥FØ‫א‬‫א‬
E
 F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W 
H١{٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١K
 K٢KK
  ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 E
 KE١F‫א‬
 
 
 E١F‫א‬  
 
 
 
 
 
 J١٩٩ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E٢F‫א‬‫א‬
،٧٥ ‫א‬‫א‬٢K
‫א‬، ١١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE٢F‫א‬٢KKH
 
E٢F  
،٢٥‫א‬‫א‬٣K
 K٢KKHK١
 KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 
E٣F  
EF‫א‬‫א‬٤K
‫א‬،١KKH٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٤F  KE٤F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥K
 K٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ J
 ،‫א‬‫א‬
E٥F  E٥F‫א‬
 
 
 J٢٠٠ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E٢F‫א‬‫א‬
 2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 KE٦F‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 
 
 
E٦F
 J٢٠١ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E٣F
 EF‫א‬
 J٢٠٢ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E٣F‫א‬
 
 ٤W‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 
 E،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 
،،E٢{٥FE٢٥FØ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،K٦‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،EF‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١K
‫א‬ KK٢‫א‬
 K٢KKH‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬
‫ א‬-
 KE١F‫א‬
 E١F‫א‬
 J٢٠٣ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢K
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
E٢F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،K١٥‫א‬‫א‬ J
H‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K٢KK
E٣F  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF٤K
 K٢KKHKK١
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
E٤F  KE٤F‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬٥K

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
E٥F
 K
 ،١٨‫א‬‫ א‬-
 ‫א‬‫א‬١٢
 E٥F‫א‬،٢KKH
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J٢٠٤ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
١٥٥‫א‬‫א‬٦K
 K٢KKH‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٦F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 
E٦F
‫א‬‫א‬45‫א‬‫א‬٧K
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٧F‫א‬
E٧F  
E‫א‬F‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬٨K
‫א‬‫א‬
 KK٦‫א‬E‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
،‫א‬‫א‬
E٨F  KE٨F‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٩K
 K٢{٥‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
E٩F  KE٩F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 J٢٠٥ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E٤F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J٢٠٦ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E٤F‫א‬
 
 ٢W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF -
 
 
 E،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 
،،E١{٥FEK٣FØ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،EF
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬٠١
‫א‬٢KKHKK١‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

E١F
 
 J٢٠٧ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E٤F‫א‬‫א‬
٤٥‫א‬‫א‬٢K
 ١KKH١٩{٨
‫א‬‫א‬EF J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
E٢F
‫א‬
‫א‬
 KE٢F‫א‬
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬٣K
‫א‬
E٣F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K٢KKH٥٥٢٧
 KE٣F‫א‬
 
 E٤F
٢٥‫א‬‫א‬٤K
٢KKH٤٥
 KE٤F‫א‬
 
 5‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥K
 E٥F ،‫א‬ -
 KE٥F‫א‬
 J٢٠٨ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
٣  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١
 ٪١٠٠  KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
     
 
 
 
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 
 
 
 
 
 J٢٠٩ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ٢
 ٪١٠٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
   KE‫א‬F  
 
 
 
 
 
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 
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 
 
 
 
 
 
 J٢١٠ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬  
 ٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ٣
 ٪١٠٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
   KE‫א‬F  
 
 
 
 
 
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 
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 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J٢١١ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ٤  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٤
 ٪١٠٠  ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬  
     
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 
 
 
 
 J٢١٢ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 KE٩٢F W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
  J٢١٣ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 W ‫א‬
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬
     
K‫א‬WE١F‫א‬
 
E٢F‫א‬
‫א‬EF 

  ‫א‬EF‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٣F‫א‬‫א‬
E١F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬WE٣F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬E٣F‫א‬
KMZM
 K‫א‬‫א‬Z60
 K‫א‬‫א‬Z
 K‫א‬‫א‬Z
  J٢١٤ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٤F‫א‬
‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬WE٤F‫א‬  
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 (I.S.O Metric Thread) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٩٤٩(I.S.O)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٥F‫א‬
 EPitchF‫א‬Z

 ‫א‬
 K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٥F‫א‬
 K‫א‬C٠{٦٤Z‫א‬Z١
 K‫א‬C٠{٨٦٦Z‫א‬‫א‬Z
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z 60o
 C‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬Z
 ٤D‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬Z١
 ٤D‫א‬Z‫א‬Z
 ٨D‫א‬Z‫א‬Z١
  J٢١٥ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
( Coarse Thread)‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Medium Thread)W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Fine Thread)W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٦F‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ (ANSI)‫א‬‫א‬
KANSI‫א‬WE٦F‫א‬  K ‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠(I.S.O)‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٧F‫א‬ ١٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬M12W١
 K‫א‬
 KM12 x 1.5W٢
 K١٢‫א‬‫א‬ZM12
 K١{٥‫א‬‫א‬Z1.5 
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  J٢١٦ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE١F
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
M10.0 1.0 9.00
M2.0  0.25  1.75 M25.0 1.50 23.50
M10.0 1.25 8.80
 M2.0 0.40  1.60  M25.0  2.00  23.00
 M10.0  1.50 8.50
M2.2 0.25 1.95 M11.0 1.00 10.00 M27.0 1.50 25.50
 M2.2 0.45  1.75  M11.0  1.50 9.50  M27.0 3.00  24.00
M12.0 1.00 11.00
M2.5 0.35 2.15 M12.0 1.25 10.80
 M28.0  1.50 26.50
M2.5  0.45  2.05 M12.0 1.50 10.50
 M12.0 1.75  10.20
M14.0 1.00 13.00
M3.0 0.35 2.65 M14.0 1.25 12.80 M30.0 1.50 28.50
 M3.0  0.50  2.50 M14.0 1.50 12.50  M30.0  3.50  26.50
 M14.0  2.00  12.00
0.35 M16.0 1.00 15.00
M3.5 0.60 3.15
M16.0 1.50 14.50  M32.0  1.50  30.50
 M3.5    2.90
 M16.0  2.00  14.00
M18.0 1.00 17.00
M4.0 0.50 3.50 M18.0 1.50 16.50 M33.0 2.00 31.00
 M4.0  0.70  3.30 M18.0 2.00 16.00  M33.0  3.50  29.50
 M18.0  2.50  15.50
M20.0 1.00 19.00
M4.5 0.5 4.00 M20.0 1.50 18.50  M36.0 3.00 33.00
 M4.5  075  3.70 M20.0 2.00 18.00 M36.0  4.00  32.00
 M20.0  2.50  17.50
M22.0 1.00 21.00
M5.0 0.5 4.50 M22.0 1.50 20.50 M39.0 3.00 36.00
 M5.0  0.8  4.20 M22.0 2.00 20.00  M39.0  4.00  35.00
 M22.0  2.50  19.50
M24.0 1.00 23.00
M6.0 0.75 5.20 M24.0 1.50 22.50 M40.0 1.50 38.50
 M6.0  1.00  5.00 M24.0 2.00 22.00  M40.0  3.00  37.00
 M24.0  3.00  21.00
M7.0 0.75 6.20       M42.0 4.00 38.00
 M7.0  1.00  6.00  M42.0  4.50 37.50
M8.0 0.75 7.20
      M45.0 4.00 41.00
M8.0 1.00 7.00
 M45.0  4.50 40.50
 M8.0  1.25  6.80
M9.0 0.75 8.20
      M48.0 4.00 44.00
M9.0 1.00 8.00
 M48.0  5.00 43.00
 M9.0  1.25  7.80
            M52.0 4.00 48.00
 M52.0  5.00 47.00
            M56.0 4.00 52.00
 M56.0  5.50 50.50
            M60.0 4.00 56.00
 M60.0  5.50 45.50
 
  J٢١٧ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K(Whit worth)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Whit Worth)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٨F‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬C٠{٩٦Z‫א‬‫א‬Z
 K‫א‬C٠{٦٤Z‫א‬Z١
 K‫א‬C٠{١٣٧Z‫א‬ZR
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٨F‫א‬
 K٦DZ‫א‬‫א‬Z
 K٦DZ‫א‬‫א‬Z١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z 55o
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬WE٩F‫א‬  KE٩F‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K(B.S.W)‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
K(B.S.F) ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
K(U.N.C)‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
K(U.N.F)‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬ -
 
 
 
  J٢١٨ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬Z  K‫א‬‫א‬Z١
 K‫א‬Z  K‫א‬‫א‬Z
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F‫א‬‫א‬
(B.S.W.) (B.S.W.)  
١     ١    
3/16 " 1/8” 0.0250 40 2.55
 
٠{٠٣١٢ ٣٢ ٤{٠٠
7/32”
1/4" ٠{٠٣٥٧ ٢٨ ٤{٦٠
3/16” 0.0417 24 3.70  
1/4" 0.0500 20 5.10
9/23” ٠{٠٣٨٥ ٢٦ ٥{٣٠ 5/16” 0.0556 18 6.50  
5/16”
٠{٠٣٨٥ ٢٦ ٦{١٠ 3/8” 0.0625 16 7.90
7/16” 0.0714 14 9.30  
٠{٠٤٥٥ ٢٢ ٦{٨٠
1/2" 0.0833 12 10.50  
3/8” ٠{٠٥٠٠ ٢٠ ٨{٣٠ 9/16” 0.0833 12 12.10
7/16”
1/2" ٠{٠٥٥٦ ١٨ ٩{٧٠ 5/8” 0.0909 11 13.50  
11/16” 0.0909 11 15.00
9/16” ٠{٠٦٢٥ ١٦ ١١{١٠  
3/4" 0.1000 10 16.25
٠{٠٦٢٥ ١٦ ١٢{٧٠ 7/8” 0.1111 9 19.25
1” 0.1250 8 22.00
 
5/8” ٠{٠٧١٤ ١٤ ١٤{٠٠
11/16”
٠{٠٧١٤ ١٤ ١٥{٥٠
1.1/8” 0.1429 7 24.75  
3/4" 1.1/4” 0.1429 7 28.00
7/8” ٠{٠٨٣٣ ١٢ ١٦{٧٥ 1.1/2” 0.1667 6 33.50  
1” ٠{٠٩٠٩ ١١ ١٩{٧٥ 1.3/4” 0.2000 5 39.00
2” 0.2222 4.5  44.50
٠{١٠٠٠ ١٠ ٢٢{٧٥
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  J٢١٩ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
(U.N.C.)  
(U.N.F.)
  
١     ١
  
NO.1 0.397 64 1.55
NO.0 0.318 80 1.25 NO.2 0.454 56   1.85
NO.1 0.353 72 1.55 NO.3 0.529 48 2.10
NO.2 0.397 64 1.90 NO.4 0.635 40   2.35
NO.3 0.454 56 2.15
NO.4 0.529 48 2.40
NO.5 0.635 40   2.65
NO.6 0.794 32 2.85
NO.5 0.577 44 2.70 NO.8 0.794 32   3.50
NO.6 0.635 40 2.95 NO.10 1.058 24
NO.8 0.706 36 3.50 NO.12 1.058 24
  3.90
4.50
NO.10 0.794 32 4.10
NO.12 0.907 28 4.70
1/4" 1.270 20   5.10
5/18” 1.411 18 6.60
1/4" 0.907 28 5.50 3/8” 1.588 16   8.00
5/16” 1.058 24 6.90 7/16” 1.814 14 9.40
3/8” 1.058 24 8.50 1/2" 1.954 13   10.80
7/16” 1.270 20 9.90
1/2" 1.270 20 11.50
9/16” 2.117 12   12.20
5/8” 2.309 11 13.50
9/16” 1.411 18 12.90 3/4" 2.540 10   16.50
5/8” 1.411 18 14.50 7/8” 2.822 9 19.50
3/4" 1.588 16 17.50 1” 3.175 8   22.25
7/8” 1.814 14 20.40
1.1/8” 3.629 7
1” 2.117 12 23.25
1.1/4” 3.629 7
  25.00
28.00
[٨L١{١ ٢{١١٧ ١٢ ٢٦{٥٠ 1.3/8” 4.233 6
[٤L١{١ ٢{١١٧ ١٢ ٢٩{٥٠ 1.1/2” 4.233 6
  30.75
34.00
[٨L١{٣ ٢{١١٧ ١٢ ٣٢{٧٥ 1.3/4”
2”
5.080
5.644
5
4.5
39.50
45.00
 ١
[٢L١ ١ ٢ ١١٧ ١٢ ٣٦  
  J٢٢٠ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E١٠F‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF
K‫א‬‫א‬WE١٠F‫א‬ KE 8o − 5o F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 KE 85o − 80o F‫א‬‫א‬EF
 
 W‫א‬
 
(Righ handThred) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬E١١F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬WE١١F‫א‬
(Lift Hand Thread)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 KE١٢F‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬WE١٢F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  J٢٢١ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 (Square Thread)‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
K‫א‬‫א‬WE١٣F‫א‬  
E١٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z
 K‫א‬‫א‬Z
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z١
 K(Sq)‫א‬
KSq 60X6.LF‫א‬‫א‬W
 K٦٠‫א‬ZSq60
 K‫א‬Z.6
 K‫א‬‫א‬ZLF
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬E١٤F‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K٢D‫א‬Z‫א‬ JE١F
K‫א‬‫א‬ JE٢F
 KE 4 o − 2 o F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ZE٢،١F
 KE 8o − 6o F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ZEF
 
K‫א‬‫א‬WE١٤F‫א‬
  J٢٢٢ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١٢٦٠‫א‬W
 K‫א‬
12 ‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة‬
  ‫ﻣﻢ‬ 6= = = ‫א‬W‫א‬
2 2
 
12 ‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة‬
  ‫ﻣﻢ‬ 6= = = ‫א‬
2 2
 
 (Acme Thread)E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٥F‫א‬
 K‫א‬Z
 K‫א‬‫א‬Z
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٥F‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z١
 KE 30o − 29o F‫א‬‫א‬Zα
 KE‫א‬٠{٥٤–٠{٣٦٦C‫א‬FZ‫א‬Z
 ‫א‬ + ‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة‬ = ‫א‬
2
K(TR) ‫א‬
TR 40X 8mm‫א‬‫א‬W
 ٤٠‫א‬ZTR40W‫א‬
 K٨‫א‬Z8mm
  J٢٢٣ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬E١٦F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE 30o − 29o F‫א‬Zα
 Z‫א‬Z
 K‫א‬H٠{٤٥–‫א‬C٠{٣٦٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤F‫א‬
K‫א‬WE١٦F‫א‬  
 ‫א‬E٤F‫א‬
 ٢٤W١٤  ١٢W٦  ٥W٢  ١{٥  L‫א‬
 ١  ٠{٥  ٠{٢٥  ٠{١٥ L‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬٦‫א‬٥٨‫א‬W
 K‫א‬ J
K‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬H٠{٤٥–‫א‬C٠{٣٦٦Z‫א‬W‫א‬
 ٠{٥H٠{٤٥–٦C٠{٣٦٦Z  
 ٠{٢٧–٢{١٩٦Z  
 ١{٩٢٦Z  
 ‫א‬ + ‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة‬ = Z‫א‬
2
6
  ‫ﻣﻢ‬ 3.5 = 0.5 + 3 = 0.5 + = 
2
   
  J٢٢٤ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 (Roun Thread)‫א‬‫א‬ J٣

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٧F‫א‬
 K‫א‬Z
 ٢D‫א‬Z‫א‬Z
 ٢D‫א‬Z‫א‬Z
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٧F‫א‬  K‫א‬C٢{٥٦Z‫א‬ZR
 K‫א‬C٢{٣٨Z‫א‬Z R 1
 K(RD)‫א‬
KRD46 X 8mm‫א‬‫א‬W
KRD٨‫א‬ZRD46W‫א‬
K٨‫א‬ = 8 mm
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K(Buttres Thread)‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٨F‫א‬
 K‫א‬Z
 K‫א‬CK،٨٦٨Z‫א‬Z
 KE 33o − 30o F‫א‬‫א‬Z
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٨F‫א‬
 K‫א‬C١{٣Z‫א‬ZR
  J٢٢٥ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬C٠{٢٦٤Z‫א‬Z
 KESF‫א‬
S60C١٢‫א‬‫א‬W
 K٦٠‫א‬S60W‫א‬
 K١٢‫א‬Z١٢
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬WE١٩F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٠F‫א‬
 KE١٩F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠F‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬W  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٢١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬WE٢١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١F‫א‬
 
  J٢٢٦ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬
E٢٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٢F‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬E٢٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
E٢٣F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٢٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٤F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(I.S.O)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٢٥F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
K‫א‬WE٢٥F‫א‬
 
  J٢٢٧ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 W J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٢٦F‫א‬E١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬
‫א‬E١F‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
KWE٢٦F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٧F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
K‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
K‫א‬  J٣
K  J٤
K‫א‬WE٢٧F‫א‬ K‫א‬  J٥
K‫א‬  J٦
K‫א‬  J٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z
 ‫א‬Z١
 
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٧F‫א‬K‫א‬
E٤F ‫א‬‫א‬E٣F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬‫א‬
E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦F‫א‬‫א‬E٥F‫א‬
 KEF
  J٢٢٨ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 Z
 
 
‫א‬E٢٨F‫א‬W١
 ٢
 K٦‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٨F‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Z
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
‫ﻗﺎﺋﺪ‬ 2
  ‫ﻣﻨﻘﺎد‬ =
6 
 
 
  J٢٢٩ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬،٦ ،٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦٢
 
  2 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
6
‫ﻗﺎﺋﺪ‬ 20 10 2
  ‫ﻣﻨﻘﺎد‬ = ∗
60 10 6 
 
E٢٠F‫א‬‫א‬E٢٩F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ E٦٠F
 K٢‫א‬
 
K‫א‬WE٢٩F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
E٣٠F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
 
 
 E١F‫א‬WE٢F
‫א‬E١٢F‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
KWE٣٠F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ZW ‫א‬
 
     =   
‫ﻣﻨﻘﺎد‬ 6
‫ﻗﺎﺋﺪ‬ 10 10 1
   = ∗   
‫ﻣﻨﻘﺎد‬ 120 10 12
  J٢٣٠ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
1
 K‫א‬ E١٢٠F J
12
 1∗1 = 1
3 4 12
  
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
  30 * 1 , 20 * 1 =
30 3 20 4
‫ﻗﺎﺋﺪ‬ 30 20
  ‫ﻣﻨﻘﺎد‬ = * =
90 80
 
 KE٣١F‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
K‫א‬WE٣١F‫א‬
 KE٣٠ J٢٠F
 E٩٠ J٨٠F
 ?١
‫א‬KE٦F‫א‬‫א‬WE٣F
٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 
25.4 1
    ‫ﻣﻢ‬ = 25.4 *
8 8
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬  = ‫א‬
 
 25.4 = 1 * 25.4 =
48 6 8
‫ﻗﺎﺋﺪ‬ 127 10 12.7
= = * = 
‫ﻣﻨﻘﺎد‬ 240 10 24
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٤٠F
  J٢٣١ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
  1 * 12.7 = 12.7
6 4 24
 
  20 * 1 , 10 * 12.7 
20 6 10 4
    
‫ﻗﺎﺋﺪ‬ 20 127
  = *
‫ﻣﻨﻘﺎد‬ 120 40
 
 KE٣٢F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬٢٠،١٢٧
 K‫א‬١٢٠،٤٠
 
E٣F ‫א‬WE٤F
‫א‬ 1 ‫א‬
4
K‫א‬WE٣٢F‫א‬
 K‫א‬
25.4 1
  ‫ﻣﻢ‬ = 25.4 *  
4 4
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  Z ‫א‬
   
 
  4*3 = 3

25.4 25.4
4
6 12
   =  
12.7 25.4
  60 = 10 * 6 
127 10 12.7
= 
‫ﻣﻨﻘﺎد‬ 127
  J٢٣٢ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬E١٢٧F‫א‬E٣٣F‫א‬
‫א‬ E٦٠F‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ J٤
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬WE٣٣F‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬E٣٤F‫א‬E‫א‬F
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٣٤F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬WE٣٥F‫א‬
 KE٣٥F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
‫א‬ J
‫א‬E٣٦F‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬WE٣٦F‫א‬
 
  J٢٣٣ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J
K‫א‬E٣٧F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬WE٣٧F‫א‬ ‫א‬ E٣٨F‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
  
 K
 
 
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٣٨F‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬C٠{٦٤Z‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣٩F‫א‬
 KE٣٩F‫א‬
  J٢٣٤ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
٠{١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٤٠F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٤٠F‫א‬
 
‫א‬ J
 KE٤١F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 K‫א‬WE٤١F‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٤٢F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٤٢F‫א‬
  J٢٣٥ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤٣F‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٤٣F‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E٤٤F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٤٤F‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 KE٤٥F‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬WE٤٥F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
  J٢٣٦ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٤٦F‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K٢D‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ J
 KE٤٦F‫א‬٠{٠٥‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٤٧F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J
 KE٤٧F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٤٨F‫א‬
‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬WE٤٨F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤٩F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٤٩F‫א‬
 
 
  J٢٣٧ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٥٠F‫א‬ ‫א‬C٠{٥٤–‫א‬C٠{٣٦٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬ -
K٠{٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٥٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
E٥١F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬WE٥١F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬٠{٠٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٥٢F‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬WE٥٢F‫א‬
 
  J٢٣٨ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٥٣F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٥٣F‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٥٤F‫א‬
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 
 K ‫א‬WE٥٤F‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 
 
 
 
 
 
  J٢٣٩ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 WM24 x 3‫א‬ J١
 K٢٤٣ J
K٣‫א‬٢٤ J
K٣٢٤ J
 K٣‫א‬٢٤ J
 
 W(Whit Worth) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
  60o –
55o  J
33o  J
  29o  J
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 
  60o –
55o  J
33o  J
  29o  J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
  60o  J
  30o  J
10o  J
 –

 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
  J٢٤٠ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 WE٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 
 K١٦ J
K١٠ J
K٤ J
K٢ J
 
 W‫א‬١٠ J٧
 
 ١D‫א‬ J
٢C‫א‬ J
٢D‫א‬ J
٣C‫א‬ J
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
 
  55o  J
  35o  J
  30o  J
 
15o  J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٩
 K‫א‬C٠{٨٦٨ J
  J٢٤١ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬C٠{٦٤٠ J
K‫א‬C٠{٤٧٦ J
K‫א‬C٠{٢٣٨ J
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ 1 ‫א‬٣ J١٠
4
48
   J
100
  20 ∗ 60  J
60 90
  30  J
127
  60  J
127
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬W١
 K‫א‬ J  K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J  K‫א‬ J
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬CKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K…………C‫א‬‫א‬–
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWEF‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 
 
  J٢٤٢ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 E١F‫א‬
 ٦٠W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ JW‫א‬‫א‬W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١  
K‫א‬  J٢  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
 
K‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
 E،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W   
،‫א‬‫א‬،،،،،   
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  
 
 
 
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
٤٠ K١  
 K١٠٨  
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣  
 K٠{٥± E١F‫א‬  
 
 
 E١F
  J٢٤٣ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
KE٢F‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬ K٥  
KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬  
K٢{٥‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
 E٢F‫א‬ ١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٧
KL
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
 
‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
KE٤F‫א‬‫א‬  
٠{٠٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٠
E٣F‫א‬ K
K٠{٠٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١١
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٢
 KE٥F‫א‬
 
 
E٤F‫א‬ K٣‫א‬‫ א‬K١٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٤
E٣{٢٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٥  
K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٧
 KE٦F‫א‬
E٥F‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ K١٨
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٩
 
 
E٦F‫א‬  
 
  J٢٤٤ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢F‫א‬
 ٦٠W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 
K‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
KEB.S.FFX 12٤L٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤  
 ٠E،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W   
،‫א‬‫א‬،،،،‫א‬   
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬  
 
 
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
  J١  
‫א‬  
 K١٠٨٤٠  
‫א‬  J٢  
K‫א‬  
‫א‬  J٣  
‫א‬‫א‬  
 K٠{٠٠٢± ‫א‬  
 KE١F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
  J٢٤٥ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 KE٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
   
   
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 KE٢F‫א‬
 KE٣F‫א‬
 
 
K١٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦  
 
KL١٥٠‫א‬‫א‬ J٧  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨  
 KE٣F‫א‬  
K‫א‬ J٩  
 
 ٠{٠٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
 
KE٣F‫א‬  
   
 KE٤F‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١١
 
‫ ﻣﻢ‬2.11 =
25.4
=
25.4  
12 ‫ﺧﻄﻮةاﻷﻧﺶ‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢
 
 ٢CE‫א‬C٠{٦٤FZ  
٢{٧Z٢CE٢{١١C٠{٦٤FZ  
 
 
 
 
  J٢٤٦ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K٠{٠٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٣
   
   
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٤
 
 ‫א‬
 KE٥F‫א‬  
   
   
   
 
 
K٢{٥‫א‬‫א‬ J١٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٦
 
KE٢{٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٧
 KE٥F‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١٩
K‫א‬‫א‬ J٢٠  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢١  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  J٢٤٧ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
٦٠ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١
 ٪١٠٠
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  J٢٤٨ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 
 
KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١F‫א‬
        
 
‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬E J١F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E J١F
 KE١F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E J١F
 E‫א‬‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E، J١F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
  J٢٤٩ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬،
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
  
 KE٢F‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F‫א‬
   
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 M60 x 1.5E3 LhFW
 M‫א‬٦٠‫א‬ZM60
 ‫א‬Z 1.5
 ‫א‬‫א‬Z 3
 Z Lh
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  J٢٥٠ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 EPitchF‫א‬ J١ J٤
 ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬E J٣F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬WE J٣F‫א‬  EF
 K       
 ELeadF‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ J٤
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E J٣F‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 180‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE J٣F‫א‬
           KEF‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E J٣F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،٣،٢،١
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬٣٦٠Z
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE J٣F‫א‬
   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬‫א‬X‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
  J٢٥١ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬٣‫א‬،٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬X‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬
 ٣X٦Z 
 ١٨Z 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٤F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٤F‫א‬   
       
 
 
  J٢٥٢ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
   EF‫א‬‫א‬   J١
 E٨–٦F  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J٢
 E٥–٢F E٢،١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J٣
‫א‬  EF‫א‬   J٤
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬WE٥F‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬١ J٢

 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKK
 ‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٦F‫א‬
 
     ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WE٦F‫א‬         
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
  J٢٥٣ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ -
 EF‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢FE١FE٧F‫א‬KEF‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢F،E١F
K‫א‬‫א‬WE٧F‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬E٣F‫א‬‫א‬W
 K٣٠‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬‫א‬ 10 = 30    
3
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬WE٨F‫א‬
 E٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
  J٢٥٤ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٩F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 W
K‫א‬‫א‬WE٩F‫א‬
   K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE١٠F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬EF‫א‬
 E٢F‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE١٠F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 K‫א‬ J
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
  J٢٥٥ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ J٢
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE١١F‫א‬
 KE١١F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J       
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١١F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬W
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE١١F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٨‫א‬،٣‫א‬،٦‫א‬W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 ٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 
 
  J٢٥٦ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬٣ J J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬E١٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬360
  WE١٢F‫א‬
 K‫א‬    W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
 F‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬E360
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E٤،٦F
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 ‫א‬ J٧
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
360 o
  Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ﻋﺪداﻷﺑﻮاب‬
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤‫א‬‫א‬W
360
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 90 o = ‫א‬
4  
  
 
 
  J٢٥٧ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 F‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬E90
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬WE١٣F‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٣F‫א‬
        
 
 ‫א‬
 E١٤F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬WE١٤F‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  J٢٥٨ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٥F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
        
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٥F‫א‬
 
 K
 
 E٣F‫א‬
 E١F‫א‬E١٦F‫א‬
 E٢F‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬WE١٦F‫א‬  KE٣F‫א‬
 
   
 
 
     
 
  J٢٥٩ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠{١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٧F‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬WE١٧F‫א‬  
         
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١{٥‫א‬W
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F٣‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE١٨F‫א‬
 
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬WE١٨F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٨F‫ א‬-
 
 
 
 
 
 
K‫א‬WE٢٠F‫א‬  
‫א‬  WE١٩
 F‫א‬
 
 
  J٢٦٠ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE١٩F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢٠F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٢١F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬ -
 KE٢٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٢F‫א‬        
 
 
 
  J٢٦١ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٣F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢٤F‫א‬،‫א‬
 
      
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٤F‫א‬
  J٢٦٢ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢٥F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E‫א‬F
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٥F‫א‬
 K      
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٦F‫א‬
 KE٢٦F‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 
    
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 E٢٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٧F‫א‬         
 
  J٢٦٣ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٨F‫א‬
 
 
K‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٨F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٩F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١{٥
 KE٤{٥F
 
‫א‬W٢٩F‫א‬  
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  J٢٦٤ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٠F‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣٠F‫א‬    K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  J٢٦٥ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 E١F‫א‬
٣W‫א‬‫א‬  E٣F‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٢F‫א‬،٦‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K،‫א‬ J
 KE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 
‫א‬،،‫א‬،،‫א‬،‫א‬ J
 ،‫א‬
 K،٦٠‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬W
   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
   ١٢٠
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
   K‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ،٤٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 E١F‫א‬  KE١F‫א‬٩٠
  J٢٦٦ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 E١F
 ‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ، ٥‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬٥
   
  ‫א‬ J٨
   KE٢F‫א‬
  ،٤٥‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
    K   ٣
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
   K١٢‫א‬‫א‬
   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١١
  LE١٣٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢
   K
   K‫א‬ J١٣
  K‫א‬‫א‬ J١٤
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J١٥
   K‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٦
   K٣‫א‬
   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٧
 E٢F‫א‬ ‫א‬ J١٨
   K‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٩
   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
  J٢٦٧ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 E١F
 ‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬
   K‫א‬ J٢١
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢٢
   K‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢٣
   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬ J٢٤
   
 
 
 
 E٣F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  J٢٦٨ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢F‫א‬
W‫א‬‫ א‬ E٤FL‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K٢‫א‬٦‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W
،‫א‬،،‫א‬،‫א‬ J
 K٦٠،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
   K‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
  ٣٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
   KE١F‫א‬
   K‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
   ١٢‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
   K٣٢‫א‬
   
 E١F‫א‬
 
  J٢٦٩ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢F
 ‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬٣٤‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 KE٢F‫א‬
  45‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧
   KE٣F‫א‬٣
  L١٢٥‫א‬‫א‬٨
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٩
 E٢F‫א‬  K١٢‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠
   K‫א‬‫א‬
   K‫א‬١١
  K٠{١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٢
  E
 ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬١٣
   K‫א‬‫א‬
  K٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٤
   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٥
 E٣F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٦
   K٦‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧
   K‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬١٨
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   K‫א‬،‫א‬١٩
 
 E٤F‫א‬
  J٢٧٠ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ JW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬٥‫א‬،٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 W‫א‬
 K١٥ J
 K١٠ J
 K٧ J
 K٥ J
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K٥٠ J
 K٤٠ J
 K٢٥ J
 K٢٠ J
 W‫א‬٨‫א‬ J٣
 K١٢ J
 K٨ J
 K٤ J
 K٢ J
 W‫א‬K١٠‫א‬،‫א‬٦‫א‬،٦٠ J٤
 K١٢ J
 K١٠ J
 K٨ J
 K٣ J
 
 
  J٢٧١ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
      K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
    K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 
‫א‬٣‫א‬،٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J٦
 W
 K١٨ J
 K١٢ J
 K٦ J
 K٣ J
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦‫א‬٣‫א‬ J٧
 K١٨ J
 K١٦ J
 K٩ J
 K٣ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
 K J
 K1 J
 K3 J
 K6 J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
  J٢٧٢ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 W J
 W‫א‬K١
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬K٢
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬K٣
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  J٢٧٣ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
٣  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١
٪١٠٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ 
   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨٠٦٠‫א‬‫א‬
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
٢  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢
٪١٠٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ 
  ٣‫א‬‫א‬٢٢٨٦٠
   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  J٢٧٤ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬  J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬W‫א‬
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٩٧٢W‫א‬
 K،  J٢
 K+‫א‬‫א‬،W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٩٩٤W‫א‬
  J٣
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 KW‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٩٨٨W‫א‬
 ‫א‬E٤ ‫א‬E٣ E٢ ‫א‬E١‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 K‫א‬K J١
 KK J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬K J٣
 K‫א‬ J٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬–W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٩٩٦W‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 ‫א‬     
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ١٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬ o
 ١٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ٢٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ٢٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫ א‬o
 ٣١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫ א‬o
 ٣٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫ א‬o
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
٣٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ٣٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
 ٤٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ٤٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬ o
 ٥٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ٥٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
 ٥٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫ א‬o
 ٥٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫ א‬o
 ٦٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫ א‬o
 ٦٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫ א‬o
 ٧٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
٧٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ٧٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ٨٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ٩٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 ٩٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫ א‬o
 ١٠١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫ א‬o
١١٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫ א‬o
١١٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
١٢٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬ o
١٣٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
١٤١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫ א‬o
١٤٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫ א‬o
 ١٥٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫ א‬o
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٥٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ١٥٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ١٥٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ١٦٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫ א‬o
 ١٦٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫ א‬o
١٨٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫ א‬o
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٨٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ o
١٨٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ o
١٩٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫ א‬o
١٩٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫ א‬o
٢١٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫ א‬o
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢١٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ o
٢١٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ o
٢٢١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
٢٢٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬  
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٢٢٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬ o
٢٣٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬ o
٢٤٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫ א‬o
٢٤٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫ א‬o
٢٤٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫ א‬o
 ٢٤٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ٢٥٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
٢٦٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫ א‬o
٢٧١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫ א‬o
٢٧٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫ א‬o
٢٧٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS
 

ميكانيك عامة الخراطة

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ميكانيك عامة الخراطة

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  6o   20 o − 15o   15o  ‫א‬‫א‬

  6o   15o − 10 o  8o  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

  1 29′27′   2 58′54′  ١٩{٢١٢W١  

  1 25′43′   2 51′26′  ٢٠{٠٤٧W١  ١

  1 25′50′   2 51′41′  ٢٠{٠٢٠W١  ٢

  1 26′16′   2 52′32′  ١٩{٩٢٢W١  ٣

  1 29′15′   2 58′31′  ١٩{٢٥٤W١  ٤

  1 30′26′   3 00′53′  ١٩{٠٠٢W١  ٥

  1 29′36′   2 58′12′  ١٩{١٨٠W١  ٦

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

  57′17′′   1 54′34′′  ٣٠W١

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

       ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ أ‬،‫א‬‫א‬Z 

‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  -

 E٤FW‫א‬‫ א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٤

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 (Roun Thread)‫א‬‫א‬ J٣

 GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS

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