OSPF: Open Shortest Path First

INTRODUCTION
The Basic idea of OSPF is that routers look for their
neighbouring routers using the Hello protocol, the Hello
packet includes the subnet mask, list of known neighbours,
and details such as router dead interval or the timeout
interval.

Q2:

When a neighbouring router responds with matching details, a

relationship is formed for the purpose of exchanging routing
information; this is called an Adjacency.
An OSPF network can be divided into sub-domains called
areas. An area is a logical collection of OSPF networks,
routers, and links that have the same area identification.. A
router within an area must maintain a topological database for
the area to which it belongs. The router doesn't have detailed
information about network topology outside of its area,
thereby reducing the size of its database.

Simulation Overview:
The simulation consists of the following elements: slip8_gtwy
routers, PPP_DS3 links and network traffic information. A
simulation scenario is built for a Campus area. The network
has different scenarios. One is No-Area and anther one is Area
and Balanced load. The network traffic is specified in the
source router by setting the cost of every link that connects
each other according to a reference bandwidth value (1
million kbps).

Solution to Lab questions:

Q1
In the case of No-Area scenario, the metric cost from Router
A to Router C through D and E is 15, which is considered best
(cheapest) path for data delivery. However in case of Area
scenario, the direct path from A to C is taken despite the cost
which is 20. This is because Areas are supposed to limit the
scope of route information and reduce number of routes to
propagate, so the path is taken because its considered cheapest
path in its own area.
In case of load balancing, there are two possible paths
between router B and router H with same metric cost so it will
take both and divide the load equally.

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