IPCC Kyoto &

Montreal
BY:AISHWARYA NAMBIAR

The Reason I Choose To Talk Over

This Topic?
GLOBAL WARMING
Human activity contributes to an increase in naturally occurring:

CO2- fossil fuels

waste is burned

Methane- production and transportation of fossil fuels

landfill decomposition

Nitrous oxide-ag and industrial Activities

combustion.

Affects of Global Warming!!!

Atmospheric composition is changing.

Greenhouse gases trap heat and tend to warm planet.

Human activity produces greenhouse gases.

What Is IPCC ???

GLOBAL APPROACH-IPCC

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Established in 1998 by United Nations and World Meteorological

Organization

Open to all WMO and UN members

Designed to answer to scientific questions about global warming

Three branches- science, impact, mitigation

What is THE MONTREAL

PROTOCOL ???

1987; Designed to halt deterioration of ozone layer-ratified by 172

countries.

United States ratified in 04/88.

Ozone depletion may affect ocean as sink for greenhouse gases, as well
as UV-B radiation.

In general, not successful: 98/99 Antarctic hole largest, deepest ever

additional hole over UK/Scandinavia.

What is THE KYOTO

PROTOCOL ???

1997 Kyoto, Japan IPCC: Designed to reduce greenhouse gas

emissions global warming.

Commits parties to legally-binding targets to reduce or limit greenhouse

gas emissions.

Targets total 5% overall reduction in greenhouses gases from 1990

figures.

149 countries involved, not all under emission reduction.

KYOTO MEASURES

Enhancement of energy efficiency.

Protection and enhancements of sinks.

Promotion of sustainable form of agriculture.

Research development and increased use of new and renewable forms

of energy.

Reduction of methane emissions through recovery and use in waste

management, as well as in the production, transport and distribution of
energy.

LIMITS OF THE KYOTO PROTOCOL

Largest emitters are not constrained by Kyoto: it does not

include United States, and it does not include emissions targets
for some of the largest and most rapidly growing economies in
the developing world.

The Kyoto Protocol time horizon (2008 to 2012) represents a

relatively short-term approach for what is fundamentally a longterm problem.

A relatively small number of countries are asked to take action,

which has resulted in concerns about emissions leakage and
competitiveness.

SOURCES

http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf

http://www.globalwarming.org

http://www.yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf

http://unfccc.org

Thankyou!