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PHOTOCRAPHIC
CAMERA

"zoRKI-4$
v/o "MA s H PR I BO RI NTO RG"
USSR

MOSCOW

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P H O T O G R A P H IC A M E R A

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Brief Description

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V/O ".Nlashpriborintorg"
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ATTENTION!
T h i s I n s t r u c t i o n M a n u a l c o n t a i n sb r i e f c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a n d e s s e n t i a l o p e r a t i n g p r i n c i p l e so f t h e
"Zorki-4" camera; it is not intended as a photog r a p h e r ' sh a n d b o o k .
Before proceeding to take pictures, study the
o p e r a t i o no f t h e c a m e r a a n d i t s h a n d l i n g i n s t r u c tionspresented
in this Manual.
M i n o r d i f f e r e n c e sb e t w e e n y o u r c a m e r a a n d t h e
M a n u a l m a y b e d u e t o e v e r - a d v a n c i n gd e v e l o p m e n t
o f t h e c a m e r ad e s i g n .
Do not directthe lens at the sun in order to avoid
b u r n i n g t h r o u g h t h e s h u t t e r c u r t a i n s b e c a u s et h e
lens acts like a porverlulcollecting piece.
T h e l e n s s h o u l d b e s c r e w e di n a n d o u t o f t h e
c a m e r ao n l y b y t h e k n u r l e d p o r t i o n o f t h e d e p t h - o f field scale ring (the greatest diameter of the
nlount).
T o a v o i d t h e d a m a g e o f t h e c a m e r as e t t h e e x ? o s u r e s p e e d so n l y a f t e r t h e s h u t t e r i s c o c l < e d .
Do not rotate the shutter speeddial in the int e r v a l b e t w e e n" 3 0 " a n d " 1 " .
D o n o t t u r n t h e r e l e a s eb u t t o n , i f n o t n e c e s s a r y ,
w h i l e r e l e a s i n gt h e s h u t t e r t o a v o i d t h e c u t t i n g o u t
o i t h e s h u t t e rs e t t i n g m e c h a n i s m .
W h i l e s e t t i n g t h e c a m e r as h u t t e r ,a l r v a y st u r n t h e
s e t t i n g l e v e r u p t o t h e m e c h a n i c a ll i m i t t o a v o i ' J
h l a n k f r a m e so n t h e f i l m .

PURPOSE

1,

The "Zorki:4" is intended for a wide range

o f v e r s a t i l e p h o t o g r a p h y ;i t i s u s e d w i t h e q u a l
s u c c e s sb y s k i l l e d a m a t e u r p h o t o g r a p h e r sc, a .
meramen and scientists.
DESCRIPTION

The "Zorki-4" (Figs. I and 2) is a compact

roll-film minicamera provided with a flash
s y n c h r o n i z e ra n d a s e l f - t i m i n g d e v i c e ( a u t o m a t i cr e l e a s e r ) .
T h e c a m e r au s e sa s t a n d a r dp e r i o r a t e d3 5 - m m
motion picture film. The camera magazine acc o m m o d a t e s1 . 6 5 - ml e n g t h o f f i l m , s u f f i c i e n tf o r
m a k i n g 3 6 e x p o s u r e s ,t h e p i c t u r e s i z e b e i n g
2a by 36 mm.
The camera is fitted with coated lensesof
" r " l n d u s t a r - 5 O "t y p e " J u p i t e r - 8 " ," J L l p i t e r - 1 7 o
T h e f o c a l ' l e n g t ho f t h e l e n s e si s 5 c m .
T h e r e l a t i v e a p e r t u r eo f t h e " J u p i t e r - 8 " a n d
" J u p i t e r - 1 7 "l e n s e si s I : 2 a n d t h a t o f t h e " ' , ' l n d u s t a r - 5 0 "l e n s- I : 3 . 5 .
C a m e r aw o r k i n g d i s t a n c e ,i . e . d i s t a n c ef r o m
l e n s t o f i l m - 2 8 . 8m m .

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Lens thread for screwing in is M39Xl.

Thread for screwed-in light f ilters is
CnM40.5X 0.5.
Mounting diameter for sun-shadesis 42 mm.
The view-finder and the range-finderof the
camera are combined in the common field of

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= Fo.3 U
o,i-EE
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s
pectiveof the focal length of the interchangeable
l e n s t h a t m i g h t b e u s e d i n p l a c eo f t h e c a m e r a
lens.
r
T h e c a m e r a i s e q u i p p e dr v i t h a c u r t a i n s h u t tqr providing for instantaneousspeeds from
l / l 0 0 0 t h o f a s e c o n dt o I s e c o n da, s w e l l a s l o n g
exposures.
OPERATION

Openingand Closingthe Camera

U n d o ' t h et w o b u t t o n so f t h e c a s ea, n df l a p t h e
coverdgwn.Rotatethe camerastand nut counterclockwiseto unscrew it from the camera
b a s ep l a t e ,a n d d r a w t h e c a m e f af r o m t h e c a s e .
4

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25

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R
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Fig. 3. Position of Magazine and Take-upSpool:

transport s p r o c k e t ; 2 726-lilm
21-magazine
take-up spool

R
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28

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izer Setting:
F i e . 4 . Fl ash Synchron
28-svnchronization scale setting dot; 2-synchronization
scale

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T u r n t h e c a m e r au p s i d e d o w n , l i f t t h e t w o
T h e f u r t h e r o p e r a t i o n s( l o a d i n ga n d u n l o a d c a m e r dl a t c h e sI I o n t h e b a s e p l a t e r v i t h t h e
i n g ) a r e d o n ee i t h e rb y r e d l i g h t o r i n f u l l d a r k fingernail, and give themhalf a'turn as far as
n e s s ,c l e p e n : l i nogn t h e f i l m t y p e .
they will go. Slide bacl< cover lT downrvards
Cut the film end shownin Fig. 6, and insert
along its grooves, and then remove the cover
i t i n t o o n e o f t h e s p o o ls l : t : , f r o m t h e r i ' i c l esr i d e .
from the camera.
W i l h t h e s p o o lh e l d s o t h a t i t s h e a d i s d i r e c t e d
b a c k w a r d ,t h e e m u l s i o ns i d e o f t h e f i l m s h o u l d
Magazine 25 _(Fig. 3) and take-up spool 2Z
f a' c e d o w n w a r d ( l ' i e . 5 . l - e m u l s i o n ) .
a r e .f r e e l y s e l t e d i n t h e i r r e c e s s e st r j n e e a s i l y
B e n d i h e f i l m e n d a p p e a r i n gf r o m t h e o t h e r
rvithdrarvn. When opening the cover, see that
s i d e o f t h e s l i t a n d p a s s i t i n t o t h e s e c o n ds l i t
t h e . m a g a z i n ea n d t a l < e - u ps p o o l d o n o t s l i p o u t
f r o m i t s n a r r o w e r s i d e .F o l d t h e r e m a i n i n g e n d
of thecamer?
o
l t h e f i l m t h r i c e ,a n d t i $ h t e n t h e f i l m s o t h a t
The camera is closed and replaced in the
t
h
e b e n t e n d i s r , v e d g e idn t h e s l i t ( F i g . 5 ) .
r e v e r s eo r d e r . U p o n i n s e r t i n g t h e - c a m e r ai n t h e
Holding the spool with its head directed
,l
c a s e ,t i g h t e n u p t h e c a m e r a n u t t o p r e v e n t a n
i
n
r
v a r d r o l l f i l m o n t o i t w i t h t h e e m u l s i o ns i d e
a c c i d e n t a ld r o p p i n g - o u to f t h e c a m e r a a n d t o
l
f
a
i
i
ng toward the spool stem by rotating the
,l
close the case iovJr without applying ;naru
spool counterclockwise.
I
force.Before closing the case cover,-set"the
lens
D o ' n o t a t t e m p tt o p u l l t h e f i l m i f y o u w i s h
at" @ ".
I
t o t i g h t e n a f t e r r o l l i n g o n t h e s p o o l , a s - : t h i si s
l i a b l e t o c a u s es c r a t c h e so n t h e e m u l s i o nf a c e o f
M agazine Loading
the film.
T h e f i l m s h o u l db e h e l d b y i t s s i d e s s o t h a t
The magazine25 of the "Zorki- ', camera conn o f i n g e r p r i n t s a r e l e f t o n i t s e m u l s i o ns i d e .
s i s t s o f o u t e r c a s i n g ,i n n e r c a s i n g a n d c e n t r a l
Inselrtine film-loadedspool into the inner
spool.
c a s i n g s o t h a t t h e s p o o lh e a d e n t e r st h e o p e n i n g
in the casing bottom. Place the inner casing
. fo .op9n and strip the magazine, press the
n i c k e l - p l a t e db u t t o n a n d g i v e t h e i n n e r c a s i n g
i n t o t h e o u t e r c a s i n g ,l e a v i n g t h e f i l m e n d f r e e .
h a l f a t u r n c l o c k w i s et o a l i g n t h e s i d e c u t o u t s
Turn the inner casingin the outer casingcouno n t h e i n n e r a n d o u t e r c a s i n g s .T h i s d o n e ,t h e
terclockwise (holding the magazine with the
inner casing and the spool are easy to remove.
spool head backward) until the magazine lock
8
'

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c l i c k s .W h i l e d o i n g t h i s , s e e t h a t t h e f r e e e n d
of the film does not sink in the outer casing
a l t o g e t h e ra s t h e i n n e r c a s i n g i s b e i n g t u r n e d l
T h i s d o n e ,t h e m a g a z i n em a y b e h a n d l e d b y
d ay l i g h t .

Fig. 5. Schemeof Film Fixing o n S p o o l :

l-emulsion

-+

l
I

Camera Loading
T h e c a m e r am a y b e l o a d e dw i t h f i l m b y d a y ! g l t t ( b r i g h t s u n l i g h t i s n o t r e c o m m e h O e "a )
B e f o r e l o a d i n g s e et o i t t h a t t h e d o t o n t h e c a m e r a t o p s u r f a c e ,t h e d o t o n t h e s h u t t e r d i s e n g a g i n gr i n g a n d t h e o n e o n t h e r e l e a s eb u t t o n
are aligned.
Op.en_
the camera and remove the take-up
s p o o l .D r a w a l 0 - c m l e n g t h o f t h e f i l m f r e e
end f rom the magazine (Fig. 6), and attach
it to the take-up spool inserting it under the

li
'+.,
o o oo o oo n o o o o o o o o o oo

Fig. 6. Form of Film End Cut while Loading Camera

Fig. 7. Film Inserting into Spool

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s p o o ls p r i n g .M a k e s u r e t h a t t h e f i l m e d g ec l o s e ly fits the spoolflange. Fig. 6 shows the cut
end of the film, as it is done by the Manufacturer.
I n s e r t t h e m a g a z i n ei n t o t h e c a m e r a s o t h a t
t h e p i n ' f i x i n g t h e m a g a z i n ei n t h e c a m e r af i t s
i n t o t h e r e c e s si n t h e m a g a z r n e o u t e r c a s i n g
p r o j e c t i o n .A t t h e s a m e t i m e , p u t t h e t a k e - u p
s p o o lo n i t s d r i v e r s o t h a t t h e f i l m t r a n s p o r t
sprocket teeth engage the film perforation
(Fig 3).
R e p l a c et h e c a m e r ab a c k c o v e r o n i t s g u i d e
groovesd
, raw it all the way up to the top of the
c a m e r ab o d y a n d p u s h i t a g a i n s tt h e s t o p .W h i l e
d o i n g t h i s , h o l d t h e p e r f o r a t e dl e a d e r o f t h e
f i l m o n t h e s p r o c k e tw i t h t h e t h u m b o f t h e l e f t
h a n d .G i v e t w o l a t c h e sI I t h r o u g h h a l f a r e v o lution,and swing them downwards.
U p o n c l o s i n g t h e c a m e r ab a c k , t h e m a g a z i n e
o p e l s a u t o m a t i c a l l yt o l e t t h e f i l m f r e e l y p " a s s
through the magazine slits without scratching
t h e e m u l s i o nl a y e r .
S e t a n d r e l e a s et h e s h u t t e rt h r e e t i m e s p r e s s ing button 2l after each shutter setting;
when doing So, watch whether the transpoit
m e c h a n i s mo p e r a t e sa n d w h e t h e r r e v e r s e t a k e up knob 18 spins. If the reversetake-up knob
f a i l s t o r e v o l v e ,c h e c k t h e c a m e r a f o r c o r r e c t
l o a d i n gw i t h f i l m . H o w e v e r ,i t s h o u l db e r e m e m t2

b e r e d t h a t t h e ' f a i l u r eo f t h e k n o b t o r o t a t e i s
also likely to take place during the first few
shots if the magazinewas loaded with a film
m u c h s h o r t e rt h a n t h e n o r m a l l e n g t h . I n t h i s
c a s e ,t h e r e v e r s et a k e - u p l < n o bw i l l b e g i n r o t a ting only when the film tensionon the magaz i n e s p o o l h a s b e c o m es u f f i c i e n t .
R o t a t i n gt h e p i c t u r ec o u n t i n gd i a l 2 3 i n a n y
direction (holding it by the knurled surface)
set the '{0" mark of p;cture counting dial
against countingindex dot 22 on camera top
s u r f a c e1 .
T h i s d o n e .t h e c a m e r ai s c o n s i d e r e dl o a d e d .

Focussing
F o c u s s i n gi s d o n e i n t h e f o l l o w i n g m a n n e r :
looking through range- and view-finder eyepiece l9 operate focussing lever 8 located
below the reverse tal e-up knob to obtain
b e t t e r f o c u s s i n g o f t h e v i e w - fi n d e r a n d t h e
s h a r p e s ti m a g e o f t h e o b j e c t v i e w e d . A d o u b l e
i m a g e o f t h e o b j e e tw i l l a p p e a ri n t h e c e n t r e o f
the field of view, in a rectangular field differi n g i n c o l o u r f r o m t h e b a c k g r o u n dT
. urn distanc e s c a l e9 , t o s u p e r i m p o s et h e t w o i m a g e s o f
t h e s a m eo b j e c t .T h i s d o n e ,t h e l e n s i s a c c u r a t e l y s e t f o r t h e d i s t a n c et o t h e o b j e c tt o b e p h o t o g r ap h e d .
W h e n f o c u s s i n g ,m a k e s u r e t h a t t h e o b j e c t
stancls in the centre of the abovementioned
l3

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r e c t a n g u l a rf i e l d , b u t n o t a t i t s r i g h t o r l e f t
e d g e .O b j e c t sh a v i n g s h a r p c o n t o u r ss h o u l d b e
s e l e c t e df o r f o c u s s i n g .
T h e l e n s d i s t a n c em a y b e s e t d i r e c t l y b y
d i s t a n c es c a l e 9 g r a d u a t e d i n m e t r e s ; i n t h i !
c a s e ,t h e d i s t a n c e t o t h e o b j e c t p h o t o g r a p h e d
s h o u l d b e l < n o w no r m e a s u r e db e f o r e h a n d .
The vierv-iinder combined u'ith the rangefinder in the common field of view, provides
f o r s i m u l t a n e o u sf r a m i n g o f t h e s c e n e p h o t o g r a p h e d .F o r c o r r e c tf r a m i n g , b r i n g y o u r e y e a s
c l o s e t o t h e r a n g e - a n c i v i e w - f i n d e re v e p i e c el g
a s p o s s i b l ea n d i n t o t h e c e n t r eo f i t s o t h a t t h e
y e l l o i , r , i s h - t i n t reedc t a n g u l a rf i e l d i s i n t h e c e n t r e
, o f t h e r , i e w - f i n d e rf i e l d . | J o n - o b s e r v a n coef t h i s
c o n d i t i o nr e s u l t si n w r o n g f r a m i n g o f t h e p i c t ur e .
T h e c a m e r av i e w - f i n d e r i s d e s i g n e d f o r u s e
w i t h n o r m a l l e n s e sh a v i n g 5 - c m f o c a l l e n g t h .
A l l o t h e r l e n s e sr e q u i r e v i e w - f i n d e r sw i t h c o r r e s p o n d i n gp i c t u r e f i e l d s , o r a m u l t i f o c v i e w f i n d e r i n t e n d e df o r u s e w i t h f i v e d i f f e r e n tl e n s e s
characterized
b y d i f f e r e n tf o c a l l e n g t h s .A t t a c h ment view-finders are inserted in shoe 6
p r o v i d e do n t h e c a m e r at o p s u r l a c e .
ExposureSpeed Setting
T h e r e q u i r e de x p o s u r e s p e e d i s s e t b y e x p o s u r es p e e ds c a l e4 ( F i g . I ) . F i g u r e s " 1 " , " 2 " ,
" 4 " r " 9 " , : ' 1 5 " , r r 3 0 " ,, , 6 0 r " r , 1 2 5 , " e t c . m a r k e d
o n t h e e x p o s u r es p e e d s c a l e c o r r e s p o n d i n g l y
l4

1'
i"

i d e n t i f y l ; l l 2 ; I l 4 ; l / 8 ; 1 / 1 5 ;l / 3 0 ; l / 6 0 ; l l t 2 S t h ,
e t c .. o f a s e c o n d E
. x p o s u r es p e e dm a y b e h a n d c o n t r o l l e dr v h e nt h e s c a l ei s s e t a t " B " .
E x p o s u r es p e e d sa r e s e t o n l y w i t h t h e s h u t t e r
f r l _ l ys e t u p ( b y t u r n i n g s h u t t e rs p e e dd i a l 3 ) .
T h e s h u t t e rs p e e d d i a l m a y b e t u r n e d o v e r
t h e s c a l eo n l y i n t h e d i r c c t i o no f f i g u r e s :" 1 " ,
" 2 " , " n " , . 9 , , r r 1 5 r ". 6 0 r " , , 1 2 5 , , ,t r, 2 5 0 r r,,, 5 0 0 ? r ,
" 1 0 0 0 " ,l e t t e r " B " , f i g u r e " 3 0 " a n d b a c k a g a i n .
Rotation of the dial in the interval betweenB0
to I is prohibited.
To set the 1eq_ur1ed
shutter speed, pull up
s h u l t e rs p e e dd i a l 3 a n d t u r n i t u n t i l t h ^ ei n d e x
! i n e p l o t t e do n t h e d i a l c o m e sa l i g n e d w i t h t h e
f i g ' u r eo n l h e s c a l c d e n o t i n gt h e e x p o s u r et i m e
s e l e c t e d .R e l e a s ei h e c l i a l a n d s e e t h a t i t i s
fixed in this position.
T h e s h u t l e r s p e e dd i a l m u s t b e s e t o n l y i n a
f i x e d p o s i t i o na n d w i t h o u t a n y p r e s s u r e .f n i s
i 1 _g s p e c i lal y i m p o r t a n t w h e n s e t t i n g t i m e s
o f l / 6 0 s e ca n d m o r e ,a s o t h e r w i s et h J s h u t t e r
can be damaged.
T o a v o i d d a m a g e sb y a c c i d e n t asl h o c k s i,t i s
r e c o m m e n d ebde f o r ec l o s i n g t h e c a r r y i n g c a s e
t o s e t t h e s h u t t e rs p e e dd i a l t o a t i m e o t t r e rt h a n
b e t w e e nl / 6 0 a n d I s e c .
. C h a n g i n g t h e s h u t t e r s p e e dd i a l p o s i t i o nw i t h
t h e s h u t t e rn o n - s e tu p o r - s e t t i n g i i t o a n o n f i x e d p o s i t i o nm a k e st h e s h u t t e r i u r t a i n c a t c h e d
a n d t h e s h u t t e rw e d g e d .
l5

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f f a _ ne x p o s u r es p e e d e x c e e d i n gI s e c i s r e .
q u i r e . dt,h e i n d e x l i n e o f t h e s h u t G r s p e e d d i a l
s h o u l db e s e t o p p o s i t el e t t e r , , B " . I n i h i s p o s i t i o n , t h e s h u t t e rs t a y so p e n a s l o n g a s , e f e u . e
b u t t o n 2 l i s h e l d d e p r e s s e d .W h e n c o n s i .d.fublyd
_ e l a y e de x p o s u r ei s n e e d e d ,t h e r e l e a s e
b u t t o n 2 l m u s t b e s e c u r e di n t h e d e p r e s s e d
posi_
b
y
t
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n
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t
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o
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d on
d
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llon.
t h e b u t t o n m o v e st o w a r d l e t t e r
until a stop
i s r e a c h e dT
. o r e l e a s et h e s h u t t e r ,t u r n t h e b u f t o n i n t h e o p p o s i t ed i r e c t i o nt o a l i g n t h e i n d e x
d o t s o n t h e b u t t o n a n d c a m e r at o f l s u r f a c e l .
I n o r d e r t o a v o i d f a i l u r e .o f t h e s h u t t e r
m e c h a n i s mi,t i s i m p o r t a n t t h a t t h e a b o v er u l e s
shouldbe strictly followed. It should be also
remembered
t h a t w h e n e x p o s u r e s^pseeecdosnodf l ;
ll2; ll4; l/B; llls and l/6dth of a
are
u s e d ,s h u t t e r s p e e d d i a l 3 i s f i x e d s o m e w h a t
h i g h e r a s c o m p a r g dt o o t h e r s h u t t e r s p e e ds e t t i n g s . M o r e t h a n t h a t , i n s u c h c a s e s ,t i e s h u t t e r
s e t t i n g r e q u i r e sa d d i t i o n a le f f o r t w h i c h i s c o n s u m e d b y .t h e a d d i . t i o n a d
l elayed-action
mecha. n i : - s p r i n g ; w h'ae n t h e s h u t i e r s p e e d d i a l i s
shorter e"potuie time, the
!.ing reset for
. d e l a y e d - a c t i omne c h a n i s mi s h e a r d o p e r a t i n g .
Shutter Setting and Film Transport
T h e s h u t t e ri s s e t b y t u r n i n g s h u t t e r s e t t i n g
knob 24 all the way clockwise.
I6

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i

W h i l e t h e s h u t l e r i s b e i n g s e t , t h e fi l m i s
s i m u l l a n e o u s l y{ r a n s p o r t e d f o r t h e n e x t e x p o s u r e ,a n d p i c t u r ec o u n t i n g d i a l 2 3 a d v a n c e s
o n e d i v i s i o n .T h e s h u t t e ri s r e l e a s e db y d e p r e s s i n g s h u t t e rr e l e a s eb u t t o n2 1 .
N o t e . T h e s h u t t e r r e l e a s eb u t t o n m i d d l e p o r t i o n i s
provided u'ith taper thread which receives flexible releaser.

i,

Lens

I
I

T h e " Z o r k i - 4 " c a m e r an o r m a l l y o p e r a t e s, , v i t h
I e n s e so f 5 - c m f o c a l l e n g t h a n d 2 8 . 8 r n m w o r k i n g d i s t a n c eT
. h e l e n s o p e n i n gd e g r e e( d i a p h ragm) is set by rotatingring 12 on the lens.
L e l s o p e n i n go p e r a t i o ns h o u l dt a k e p l a c ep r i c r
to focussing.
Changing the Lenses
A l l i n t e r c h a n g e a b l el e n s e s d e s i g n e d f o r
c a m e r a so f ," Z o r k i " t y p e c a n b e s c r e w e d i n t o
the lens mountingof the "Zorki-4".
I t i s n o t a d v i s a b l et o r e m o v e t h e l e n s f r o m
t h e c a m e r au n l e s si t i s a b s o l u t e l vn e c e s s a r v .
When it is required to screw out the "lens
( f o r e x a m p l e t, o r e p l a c e i t w i t h a n o t h e r l e n s
characterized
b y a d i f f e r e n tf o c a l l e n g t h o r r e l a t i v e a p e r t u r e ) ,t h e c a m e r al e n s s h o u l d b e f i r s t
s c t a t t h e s h o r t e s td i s t a n c eo b t a i n a b l e( t h e l e n s
w i t h a i o c a l l e n g t ho f 5 c m s h o u l db e s e t a t I m
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b y t h e d i s t a n c es c a l e ) ;t h e n t h e . l e n si s r e m o v e d
f r o m t h e c a m e r ab y t u r n i n g i t i n t h e c o u n t e r clockwise direction.The lens should be uns c r e w e dv e r y c a r e f u l l yi n o r d e r t o a v o i d d a m a g e
t o t h e t h r e a d .T h e c a m e r aw i t h t h e l e n s r e m o v e d
s h o u l d b e p r o t e c t e da g a i n s tp e n e t r a t i o no i d u s t
a n d o t h e r f o r e i g np a r t i c l e s .
W h e n s c r e w i n gt h e l e n s i n t o t h e c a m e r a ,t h e
d i s t a n c es c a l es h o u l db e s e t a t t h e s h o r t e s td i s tance.
I t s h o u l d b e t a k e n i n t o c o n s i d e r a t i o nt h a t
a n y r e p l a c e m e not f t h e s t a n d a r d c a m e r a l e n s
c a l l s f o r a d j u s t m e n to f t h e n e w l e n s t o f i t t h e
camera.

p r o d u c e sa b o u t h a l f t h e m a x i m u m l u m i n o u se n e r g y i t i s c a p a b l eo f . U s u a l l y t h i s t i m e i s c a l l e d
t h e h a l f - p e a kt i m e ; i t i s m e a s u r e di n m i l l i s e c o n d s
a n d s p e c i f i e di n t h e f l a s h l a m p C e r t i f i c a t e .
This certified value shouid be set on flash
synchronization scale 2 by turning the scale
u n t i l t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n gf i g u r e c o m e s o p p o s i t e
dot 28. Fig. 4 shows the synchronizationmechan i s m s e t t i n gf o r a f l a s h b u l b w i t h a h a l f - p e a l <
t i m e a m o u n t i ng t o 2 5 m i l l i s e c o n d s .

Flash Synchronizer
U s e o f f l a s h b u l b s r e q u i r e sa d e v i c es y n c h r o n izing the flash with the shutter operation. For
t h i s p u r p o s e t, h e " Z o r k i - 4 " c a m e r a i s e q . u i p p e d
w i t h a s y n c h r o n i z e rW
. hen flash bulb (or elect r o n i c I l a s h ) a r e m a d eu s e o f , o n e e n d o f t h e
connecting cord running from the flash kit
should be plugged into flash synchronizer
socket 16.
S i n g l e - a c t i o lna m p s ( f l a s hb u l b s ) o f d i f f e r e n t
t y p e s h a v e d i f f e r e n tp a r a m e t e r s .O n e o f t h e s e
p a r a m e t e r si s t h e l a m p i n e r t i a , i . e . t h e t i m e
periodwhich passesbetweenthe moment the
c o n t a c t sa r e e n e r g i z e da n d t h e m o m e n tt h e l a m'o
''
1g

i,

When using a multiple-action (electronic)

f l a s h , i t s h o u l d b e r e m e m b e r e dt h a t t h e h a l f peaktime of this flash is practically equal to
z e r o .T h e r e f o r ei n t h i s c a s e " 0 " o f t h e s y n c h r o nization scale 2 should be set opposite dot 28
o n t h e c a m e r at o p s u r f a c e .
The "Zorki-4" camera is provided with a
b l o c k i n g d e v i c ew h i c h p r o v i d e s f o r i n s t a l l a t i o n
o f t h e b u l b i n t h e f l a s h u n i t , i r r e s p e c t i v eo f
w h e t h e rt h e s h u t t e r i s s e t u p o r n o t , i . e . b e f o r e
o r a f t e r s h u t t e rs e t t i n g .
Synchronizationscale 2 is set irrespective'of
, t h e s h u t t e rs e t t i n g ,t o o .
T h e " Z o r k i - 4 " c a m e r am a y u s e o n l y s h u t t e r
s p e e d so i 1 / 3 0 t h o f a s e c o n d a n d s l o w e r , a n d
h a n d - c o n t r o l l e tdi m e e x p o s u r e s" B " w h e n p h o t o graphing with eitherflash bulbs or electronic
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Flash photography with too slow shutter
s p e e d si s u s u a l l y u n d e s i r a b l ea s t o o l a r g e a n
a m o u n t o f u n n e c e s s a r yl i g h t e n t e r st h e c a m e r a
( a f t e r t h e f l a s h ) w h i c h d o u b l e st h e i m a g e o f t h e
p h o t o g r a p h e do b j e c t o n t h e f i l m . T h e r e f o r e ,
w h e n t a k i n g f l a s h p i c t u r e s ,s h u t t e r s p e e dd i a l 3
should be set at "30".
Self-Timing Device (Automatic Releaser)
T h e s e l f - t i m i n gd e v i c ew i l l b e u s e d w h e n e v e r
i t i s d e s i r e dt h a t t h e p i c t u r e s h o u l d b e t a k e n
w i t h a d e l a y a n d w i t h o u t d i r e c to p e r a t i o nb y t h e
photographer.Thus, when the photographer is
t a k i n g h i s o w n p i c t u r ei n a g r o u p p o r t r a i t , h e
mounts and lays the camera, sets the shutter.
a n d t h e s e l f- t i m i n g d e v i c e ; t h e n t h e p h o t o i
g r a p h e r a c t u a t e st h e d e l a y e d - a c t i o m
n e c h a n i s m {'f
having enough time to take his place in thg
g r o u pt o b e p h o t o g r a p h e d .
To set the automatic
releaser f or
o p e r a t i o n s e t t h e s h u t t e rb y m e a n so f s h u t ter setting knob 24 and move delayed-action
settinglever l3 all the way counterclockwise.
T h e n p r e s s d e l a y e d - a c t i o rne l e a s e b u t t o n 1 4
a t t h e d e s i r e dm o m e n ts o t h a t t h e s h u t t e rs h o u l d
b e a u t o m a t i c a l l yr e l e a s e dw i t h a 9 t o l 5 - s e c o n d
d e l a y . U p o n t h e s h u t t e r r e l e a s e da c t i o n , t h e
d e l a y e d - a c t i o sne t t i n g l e v e r w i l l r e t u r n t o i t s
initial position.
20

T h e s h u t t e rc a n b e s e t w i t h t h e a u t o m a t i c
releaser mechanism both set and released.
H o w e v e r ,i t i s r e c o m m e n d e df i r s t t o s e t t h e
s h u t t e ra n d t h e s e l e c t e ds h u t t e r s p e e d ,a n d o n l y
t h e n t o w i n d u p t h e s e l f - t i m i n gd e v i c e .T o a v o i d
u n d u e w e a r o f t h e s e l f - t i m i n g d e v i c es p r i n g , i t
i s r e c o m m e n d e tdo s e t i t u p o n l y w h e n r e q u i r e d ;
i n a l l o t h e r c a s e si t s h o u l db e k e p t r e l e a s e d .
S h o u l d t h e s h u t t e r s p e e dd i a l b e s e t o p p o s i t e
l e t t e r " 8 " , t h e e x p o s u r es p e e dw i l l b e n o t f a s t e r
t h a n o n e s e c o n dw i t h t h e s e l f - t i m i n gd e v i c es e t
i n o p e r a t i o n .A s t h i s e x p o s u r et i m e v a r i e s f o r
d i f f e r e n tc a m e r a s i,t i s a d v i s a b l et o c h e c ki t w i t h
theaidof a stopwatch.
The self-timing deviceof the "Zorki- " cam e r a c a n b e o p e r a t e dt o g e t h e rw i t h a f l a s h u n i t .

oi'J[l",,",
ii
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l . L o a d t h e c a m e r a .I f i t i s l o a d e da n d s e v e -

r a l e x p o s u r e sh a v e a l r e a d y b e e n m a d e , l o o k a t
t h e p i c t u r e c o u n t e rt o s e e i f t h e r e i s u n e x p o s e d
f i l m l e f t . M a k e s u r e t h e s h u t t e r m e c h a n i s mi s
e n g ag e d .
2 . R e m o v et h e c a p f r o m t h e l e n s . I f t h e c a m e r a h a s a s l i d i n g l e n s ,p u l l i t o u t a n d l o c k i t
in theworking position.
3. Set the lens opening depending on the
d e p t ho f f i e l d d e s i r e d .I f n e c e s s a r yf ,i t a f i l t e r o r
l e n ss h a d eo n t h e l e n s .
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4 . W h e n t a k i n g f l a s h p i c t u r e s ,c o n n e c t t h e
the 'objbct and the lens,
does not'"get"'between
flash unit to the camera, check for reliable
T h i s i s v i t a l w h e n p h o t o g r a p h i n gw i t h t h e c a '
plugging, and set the flash synchronization
m e r ah e l d v e r t i c a l l y .
s c a l ea s h a s b e e nd e s c r i b e da b o v e .
Thiswill bring you success:
I f t h e e x p o s u r ei s b e i n g m a d e w i t h o u t a f l a s h
a b s o l u t e l ys t a b l ep o s i t i o no f t h e c a m e r a ;
unit, set '(0" of the lynchronization scal'e
c o r r e c t l y s e l e c t e dl e n s o p e n i n g a n d s h u t t e r
a g a i n s t t h e d o t o n t h e c a m e r at o p s u r f a c e .
speeds;
5 . S e t t h e s h u t t e rb y t u r n i n g t h e s h u t t e r - s e t t p r o p e r d e p t h - o f - f i e l ds e t t i n g .
ing knob fully clockwise.
T h e p h o t o g r a p h i cl e n s p r o d u c e s d i f f e r e n t l y
6 . D e t e r m i n et h e c o r r e c te x p o s u r ea n d s e t t h e
s f o b j e c t sl o c a t e d a t v a d e f i n e dp r e s e n t a t i o n o
e x p o s u r es p e e db y p u l l i n g t h e s h u t t e rs p e e dd i a l
r i o u s d i s t a n c e sf r o m t h e l e n s .
u p a n d p o s i t i o n i n gi t o p p o s i t et h e d e s i r e d d i v i T h e d i s t a n c et o t h e o b j e c t i s m e a s u r e da l o n g
s i o n .T h e d i a l s h o u l d s i n l <d o w n a n d b e f i x e d i n
t h e l e n s o p t i c a l a x i s b e t w e e nt h e f i l m p l a n e ( i n
the selectedposition. The shutter speedwill be
p r a c t i c e ,t h e c a m e r a b a c k w a l l ) a n d t h e o b j e c t
set only after setting up the shutter mechanism.
p l a n e p e r p e n d i c u l a tr o t h e l e n s a x i s . A t e v e r y
7 . O b s e r v i n gt h r o u g h t h e v i e w - a n d r a n g e l e n s s e t t i n g ,t h e d i s t a n c e s h o w n b y t h e i n d e x
f i n d e r e y e p i e c el ,a y t h e c a m e r ao n t h e o b j e c tt o
m a r k a g a i n s ts c a l e9 c o r r e s p o n c tl so t h e s h a r p e s t
b e p h o t o g r a p h e dT. a k e a p o s i t i o no f f t h e o b j e c t
f o c u s s i n gc o n d i t i o n s .T h e o b j e c t sl o c a t e dc l o s e r
t o o b t a i n a d e q u a t ef r a m i n g o f t h e p h o t o g r a p h e d
o r f a r t h e i w i l l b e d e f i n e dl v i t h a d i s c e r n i t yw h i c h
o b j e c tw i t h i n t h e v i e w - f i n d e rf i e l d .
is ever-deterioratingas , the cbject-focusing
8 . F o c u s t h e l e n s o p e r a t i n gt h e r a n g e - f i n d e r
p
a&
n e; ;di ni s. it.ar n
' ^lN
i , c ei n c r e a s e s .
mechanism.
*ittt certain limits this pheno9. Take the shot by smoothly pressing the
m e n o n d o e sn o t a p p r e c i a b l ya f f e c t t h e p i c t u r e ,
s h u t t e rr e l e a s eb u t t o n t o a v o i d j e r k i n g o f t h e
T o d e t e r m i n et h e s e d e p t h l i m i t s , i t i s r e c o m camera.
m e n d e dt o m a k e u s e o f d e p t h - o f - f i e l ds c a l e 1 0 .
T h e a b o v e m e n t i o n e d p r o c e d u r ei s t r u e f o r
T h e s c a l e c o n s i s t so f p a i r e d g r a d u a t i o n s s y m i n s t a n t a n e o u se x p o s u r e sw h e n t h e c a m e r a i s
m e t r i c a l l y s p a c e do n e i t h e r s i d e o f t h e i n d e x
h a n d - h e l da n d n o f l e x i b l er e l e a s e ri s u s e d .
m a r k ; t h e g r a d u a t i o n sa r e m a r k e dw i t h t h e l e n s
W h e n t a k i n g p i c t u r e sw i t h t h e c a m e r a i n t h e
o p e n i n gn u m b e r s .A g a i n s t t h e s eg r a d u a t i o n so n
c a r r y i n g c a s e ,s e e t h a t t h e c a m e r a c a s / ) c o v e r
d i s t a n c es c a l e9 w i l l b e a l w a y s . i n d i c a t e d t w o
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d i s t a n c e sw i t h i n w h i c h a l l o b j e c t sa r e p r e s e n t e d
s t o p t h e s h u t t e r o p e r a t i o n .T h i s i n d i c a t e st h a t
w i t h s u f f i c i e n ts h a r p n e s so n t h e p i c t u r e ; t h e s e
t h e w h o l e o f t h e f i l m h a s b e e ne x p o s e da n d i t i s
t w o d i s t a n c e sa r e c a l l e dt h e c l o s e a n d f a r l i time to re-spoolit back to the magazine.
m i t s o f d e p t ho f f i e l d .
C o v e rt h e l e n s w i t h t h e c a p , a n d a l i g n i n g t h e
F o r i n s t a n c et.h e l e n s i s f o c u s s e dt o a 2 - m
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.
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,
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d i s t a n c ea n d l e n so p e n i n gs e t t o
thengrat o p s u r f a c eI p r e s sr e l e a s eb u t t o n 2 1 .
d u a t i o n s" l l " o f s c a l e1 0 w i l l b e a l i g n e d r v i t h
t w o d i s t a n c ep o s i t i o n so f s c a l e9 a m o u n t i n g t o
Diseng.age
t h e s h u t t e r s e t t i n g m e c h a n i s mb y
a p p r o x i m a t e l y3 m a n d 1 . 5 m . I n t h i s c a s e ,t h e
l u r n i n g d i s e n g a g i n gr i n g 2 0 s o - t h a ti t s d o t m o _
i m a g ew i l l b e s u f f i c i e n t l ys h a r pw i t h i n d i s t a n c e s
ves toward letter"n" until a stop is reached.
r a n g i n g f r o m 1 . 5t o 3 m .
T h i s d o n e ,p u l l t h e r e v e r s et a k e - u pl < n o bu p a n d
A l l t h e o b j e c t ss t a n d i n , gc l o s e rt h a n 1 . 5 m q r
r o t a t e i t i n t h e d i r e c t i o no i i h e a r r o w u n t ' i lt h e
b e y o n d3 m w i l l a p p e a ro u t o f f o c u s i n t h e p i c f i l m i s r e l e a s e df r o m t h e t a k e - u ps^p o o l ( t h i s i s
ture.
i n d i c a t e db y . a n i n c r e a s eo f e f f b r t a p p l i e d f o r
T h e f a r t h e s tl i m i t o f d e p t h o f f i e l d m a y c o m e
e x t r a c t i n g t h e f i l m f r o m t h e t a k e - r i ps p o o l ) .
t o c o i n c i d ew i t h t h e ' ( o o " ( i n f i n i t y ) m a r k o r
R c m o l ' et h e c a m e r a b a c k c o v e r .
e v e n p a s s b e y o n dt h e d i s t a n c es c a l e r a n g e . I n
._ N o t e. While the camera latches are being released,
such cases,all objects confined betweenthe
the magazine is automatically closed.
c l o s el i m i t o f t h e d e p t ho f f i e l d a n d i n f i n i t y w i l l
R e m o v et h e m a g a z i n ea n d k e e p ' i t c l o s e da n d
s t a n d s h a r p i n t h e p i c t u r e .I t s h o u l db e r e m e m intact until the film is to be developed.
b e r e dt h a t t h e d e p t h o f f i e l d i s r e d u c e d c o n s i E n g a g e . t h e s h u t t e r s e t t i n g rnechanism bv
d e r a b l y a s t h e l e n s o p e n i n gi s i n c r e a s e d .
r o t a t i n g s h u t t e r d i s e n g a g i n g ring 20 in th;)
T h e w i d e r t h e l e n s o p e n i n ga n d t h e c l o s e rt h e
oppositedirection to align th-ed o t s o n t h e r i n g
s h a r p f o c u s s i n gp l a n e . t ot h e c a m e r a ,t h e s m a l a n d c a m e r at o p s u r fa c e l . S e t a n d r e l e a s et h e
l e r t h e d e p t ho f f i e l d .
shutter to check the work of t h e m e c h a n i s m R e p l a c et h e c a m e r a b a c k c o v e r ,o r l o a d t h e c a C a m e r aU n l o a d i n g
m e r a w i t h a s p a r em a g a z i n e .
A f t e r m a k i n g a p p r o x i m a t e l y3 6 e x p o s u r e s ,
shutter setting knob 24 will resist rotation and
24

25

www.orphancameras.com
C A R EO F T H E C A M E R A
Protect the camera (especially the lens)
a g a i n s t i m p a c t s ,j o l t s , d u s t , m o i s t u r ea n d s h a r p
temperaturbfluctuations.Do not touch upon the
l e n s c o a t e do p t i c a l s u r f a c e sw i t h y o u r f i n g e r s .
C o a t e do p t i c a l s u r f a c e sm a y b e d a m a g e dd u e
t o c a r e l e s sc l e a n i n g .T o m i n i m i z ec l e a n i n g ,P r e vent the opticsfrom fouling.
K e e p t h e c a m e r ai n t h e c a r r y i n g c a s g w i t h
t h e s h u t t e r a n d t h e s e l f - t i m i n gd e v i c er e l e a s e d .
Wheneverpossible,keep the camera with the
lens screwed in; isolate the camera interior
I r o m d i r t . W h e n n o t i n u s e ,t h e l e n s s h o u l db e
capped.
M o i s t u r e a d v e r s e l ya f f e c t sb o t h t h e m e c h a n i c a l e l e m e n t so f t h e c a m e r a a n d , m o r e S o , t h g
coated surfacesof the optics; therefore, when
operating the camera,\._.p it off rain or snow.
When ch-angingfrom cold to warm ambientcond i t i o n s , d o n o f o p e n t h e c a m e r ac a s e i m m e d i a tely upon entering a warm room to prevent
f o g g i n g o f t h e e x p o s e do p t i c s . L e t t h e c a m e r a
and"th6 lent warrn up with the camera case
closed.
Rememberthat the camera is a complex and
d e l i c a t ei n s t r u m e n t ,t s p e c i a l l y t h e l e n s .
T h e c a m e r am a y b e a d j u s t e do r r e p a i r e do n l y
by highly qualified experts. Any re-assembly
26

a n d r e - a d j u s t m e n ot f t h e c a m e r a s h o u l d b e f o l lowed by a most thorough check-upthereof.

Cleaning the Coated Optical Surlaces

.d:

Remove dust f rom coated optical surfaces

w i t h c l e a n ,s o f t f a t l e s sh a i r b r u s h .I f n o b r u s h i s
a v a i l a b l e ,u s e a s t i c k ( m a t c h ) w i t h c o t t o n r v o o l
o n i t o r a c l e a n ,w e l l - w a s h e df l a n n e l ,c o t t o n o r
c a m b r i cc l o t h ; t h e s es h o u l db e a p p l i e dc a r e f u l l y ,
w i t h o u t u n d u ep r e s s u r e .

1{
' Il

S t a i n s ( s u c h a s f i n g e r - p r i n t s ,f o g t r a c e s ,a n d
the like) should be best removedwith a stickseatedcotton wool wad lightly soakedin rectif i e d a l c o h o l ,p e t r o l e u m ,s u l f u r - b a s e de t h e r ,o r a
m i x t u r e o f t h e s e .C l e a n t h e o p t i c a l s u r f a c e si n
c i r c u l a r m o v e m e n t sg, r a d u a l l y p a s s i n gf r o m t h e
lens centre to the periphery.If no cotton wool
, p e r a t ew i t h a c l e a n , w e l l wad is availableo
w a s h e df l a n n e l ,c o t t o n o r c a m b r i cc l o t h l i g h t l y
s o a k e di n o n e o f t h e a b o v em e n t i o n e dl i q u i d s .
Rememberthat any cotton wool, cloth or felt
m a y c o n t a i n h a r d p a r t i c l e sw h i c h c a n d a m a g e
t h e c o a t i n g o f t h e o p t i c a l e l e m e n t ,a n d e v e nt h e
g l a s s .T h e r e f o r eh
, a v i n g u n f o l d e dt h e c l e a n i n g
cloth, apply its inner side to the glass to be
cleaned.
I f t h e l e n s s u r f a c ec o a t i n g i s d a m a g e d ,d u e
t o c a r e l e s sh a n d l i n g o f t h e c o a t e d o p t i c s o r
27

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through other reasons,still such a I e n sw i l l c o n duct more light and produce a more contrast
image than any uncoatedlens of the same type"

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NOTES

CONTENTS

.']-r

Purpose
Description
Operation
Opening and Closing the Camera
Magazine Loading
C a m e r aL o a d i n g
Focussing
ExposureSpecd Setting
Shutter Setting and Film Transport
Lens
Changing the Lenses
Flasl-r Synchronizer
S e l f - T i m i n gD e v i c e ( A u t o m a t i c R e l e a s e r )
Taking the Picture
Camera Unloading
Care of the Camera
C l e a n i n gt h e C o a t e dO p t i c a l S u r f a c e s
C o m p a r a t i v eS e n s i b i l i t yT a b l e

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24
26
27
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