TEN STEPS to

ADVANCED READING
SECOND EDITION

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SECOND EDITION

TEN STEPS
to

ADVANCED
READING
John Langan

2013 Townsend Press

Chapter 10

ACTIVE READING
AND STUDY

CHAPTER 10 Active Reading and Study

Active Reading

The girl with the light hair in this cartoon is a passive

readera reader whose mind does not really pay
attention to what she reads.

CHAPTER 10 Active Reading and Study

Active Reading

Active readers are the opposite of passive readers. They

are involved in what they are reading.

CHAPTER 10 Active Reading and Study

Active Reading

Active readers think and ask questions as they read,

looking for the authors main points and the support for
those points. Afteror asthey read, they take notes and
use an effective study method to help them master those
notes.

CHAPTER 10 Active Reading and Study

Active Reading

These are the basics of what you should do to read actively:

Ask yourself, What is the point? and
What is the support for the point?
Pay close attention to titles and other
headings, and also mark off definitions,
examples, and enumerations.

CHAPTER 10 Active Reading and Study

Active Reading

The active reader then writes out the answers to the two
basic questions What is the authors point, and how does
he support his point?
The very act of writing helps an active reader study and
master and remember the material.

CHAPTER 10 Active Reading and Study

Active Reading

Read the paragraph below.

Humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers believed that people are basically good and are
endowed with tendencies to fulfill their potential. Each of us is like an acorn, primed for growth
and fulfillment, unless thwarted by an environment that inhibits growth. Rogers theorized that a
growth-promoting climate for people required three conditions. The first of those conditions is
genuineness. According to Rogers, people nurture our growth by being genuineby dropping
false faces and being open with their own feelings. The second condition, said Rogers, is by
offering unconditional positive regardan attitude of total acceptance toward another person.
We sometimes enjoy this gratifying experience in a good marriage, a close family, or an intimate
friendship in which we no longer feel a need to explain ourselves and are free to be spontaneous
without fear of losing anothers esteem. Finally, Rogers said that people nurture growth by being
empathicby nonjudgmentally reflecting our feelings and meanings. Rarely do we listen with
real understanding, true empathy, he said. Yet listening, of this very special kind, is one of the
most potent forces for change that I know.

CHAPTER 10 Active Reading and Study

Active Reading

What is the authors point? How does he support

hisHumanistic
point?psychologist Carl Rogers believed that people are basically good and are
endowed with tendencies to fulfill their potential. Each of us is like an acorn, primed for growth
and fulfillment, unless thwarted by an environment that inhibits growth. Rogers theorized that a
growth-promoting climate for people required three conditions. The first of those conditions is
genuineness. According to Rogers, people nurture our growth by being genuineby dropping
false faces and being open with their own feelings. The second condition, said Rogers, is by
offering unconditional positive regardan attitude of total acceptance toward another person.
We sometimes enjoy this gratifying experience in a good marriage, a close family, or an intimate
friendship in which we no longer feel a need to explain ourselves and are free to be spontaneous
without fear of losing anothers esteem. Finally, Rogers said that people nurture growth by being
empathicby nonjudgmentally reflecting our feelings and meanings. Rarely do we listen with
real understanding, true empathy, he said. Yet listening, of this very special kind, is one of the
most potent forces for change that I know.

CHAPTER 10 Active Reading and Study

Active Reading

What is the authors point? How does he support

hisHumanistic
point?psychologist Carl Rogers believed that people are basically good and are
1
2

endowed with tendencies to fulfill their potential. Each of us is like an acorn, primed for growth
and fulfillment, unless thwarted by an environment that inhibits growth. Rogers theorized that a
growth-promoting climate for people required three conditions. The first of those conditions is
genuineness. According to Rogers, people nurture our growth by being genuineby dropping
false faces and being open with their own feelings. The second condition, said Rogers, is by
offering unconditional positive regardan attitude of total acceptance toward another person.
We sometimes enjoy this gratifying experience in a good marriage, a close family, or an intimate
friendship in which we no longer feel a need to explain ourselves and are free to be spontaneous
without fear of losing anothers esteem. Finally, Rogers said that people nurture growth by being
empathicby nonjudgmentally reflecting our feelings and meanings. Rarely do we listen with
real understanding, true empathy, he said. Yet listening, of this very special kind, is one of the
most potent forces for change that I know.

An active reader will mark the point and the support in the
passage.

CHAPTER 10 Active Reading and Study

Active Reading

Humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers believed that people are basically good and are
endowed with tendencies to fulfill their potential. Each of us is like an acorn, primed for growth
and fulfillment, unless thwarted by an environment that inhibits growth. Rogers theorized that a
growth-promoting climate for people required three conditions. The first of those conditions is
genuineness. According to Rogers, people nurture our growth by being genuineby dropping
false faces and being open with their own feelings. The second condition, said Rogers, is by
offering unconditional positive regardan attitude of total acceptance toward another person.
We sometimes enjoy this gratifying experience in a good marriage, a close family, or an intimate
friendship in which we no longer feel a need to explain ourselves and are free to be spontaneous
Finally Rogers said that people nurture growth by being
without fear of losing anothers esteem. Finally,
empathicby nonjudgmentally reflecting our feelings and meanings. Rarely do we listen with
real understanding, true empathy, he said. Yet listening, of this very special kind, is one of the
most potent forces for change that I know.

One key to important ideas here is an

enumeration.

CHAPTER 10 Active Reading and Study

Active Reading

Humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers believed that people are basically good and are
endowed with tendencies to fulfill their potential. Each of us is like an acorn, primed for growth
and fulfillment, unless thwarted by an environment that inhibits growth. Rogers theorized that a
growth-promoting climate for people required three conditions. The first of those conditions is
genuineness. According to Rogers, people nurture our growth by being genuineby dropping
false faces and being open with their own feelings. The second condition, said Rogers, is by
offering unconditional positive regardan attitude of total acceptance toward another person.
We sometimes enjoy this gratifying experience in a good marriage, a close family, or an intimate
friendship in which we no longer feel a need to explain ourselves and are free to be spontaneous
Finally Rogers said that people nurture growth by being
without fear of losing anothers esteem. Finally,
empathicby nonjudgmentally reflecting our feelings and meanings. Rarely do we listen with
real understanding, true empathy, he said. Yet listening, of this very special kind, is one of the
most potent forces for change that I know.

One key to important ideas here is an

enumeration.
A second key to important ideas is
definitions.

CHAPTER 10 Active Reading and Study

Active Reading

Humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers believed that people are basically good and are
endowed with tendencies to fulfill their potential. Each of us is like an acorn, primed for growth
and fulfillment, unless thwarted by an environment that inhibits growth. Rogers theorized that a
growth-promoting climate for people required three conditions. The first of those conditions is
genuineness. According to Rogers, people nurture our growth by being genuineby dropping
false faces and being open with their own feelings. The second condition, said Rogers, is by
offering unconditional positive regardan attitude of total acceptance toward another person.
We sometimes enjoy this gratifying experience in a good marriage, a close family, or an intimate
friendship in which we no longer feel a need to explain ourselves and are free to be spontaneous
Finally Rogers said that people nurture growth by being
without fear of losing anothers esteem. Finally,
empathicby nonjudgmentally reflecting our feelings and meanings. Rarely do we listen with
real understanding, true empathy, he said. Yet listening, of this very special kind, is one of the
most potent forces for change that I know.

The next step in active reading is to write down answers to

the two basic questions (What is the authors point and how
does he support his point?).

CHAPTER 10 Active Reading and Study

Active Reading

1
2

Humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers believed that people are basically good and are
endowed with tendencies to fulfill their potential. Each of us is like an acorn, primed for growth
and fulfillment, unless thwarted by an environment that inhibits growth. Rogers theorized that a
growth-promoting climate for people required three conditions. The first of those conditions is
genuineness. According to Rogers, people nurture our growth by being genuineby dropping
false faces and being open with their own feelings. The second condition, said Rogers, is by
offering unconditional positive regardan attitude of total acceptance toward another person.
We sometimes enjoy this gratifying experience in a good marriage, a close family, or an intimate
friendship in which we no longer feel a need to explain ourselves and are free to be spontaneous
Finally Rogers said that people nurture growth by being
without fear of losing anothers esteem. Finally,
empathicby nonjudgmentally reflecting our feelings and meanings. Rarely do we listen with
real understanding, true empathy, he said. Yet listening, of this very special kind, is one of the
most potent forces for change that I know.

Point:

According to Carl Rogers, a growth-promoting climate for people

requires three conditions.

1. Genuinenessdropping false faces and being open to ones feelings

Support:
2. Unconditional positive regardtotal acceptance of another person
3. Being empathicnonjudgmentally reflecting our feelings and meanings

CHAPTER 10 Active Reading and Study

A Textbook Study System

In the paragraph you just saw, you were shown a

study system that really works:
1 Read the material, looking for the main points and
supports.
2 Take written notes on the main points and supports.
Now well look at a more detailed study system.

CHAPTER 10 Active Reading and Study

A Textbook Study System

A Detailed Study System

There are a variety of very similar textbook study
systems that are just a larger-scale version of what you
saw in the paragraph about Carl Rogers three growthpromoting conditions.
One of these is called the PRWR system.

CHAPTER 10 Active Reading and Study

A Textbook Study System / A Detailed Study System

The PRWR system directs you to study what you read by

taking four steps.
PRWR stands for:
1 Preview
2 Read
3 Write
4 Recite

CHAPTER 10 Active Reading and Study

A Textbook Study System / A Detailed Study System

Preview the chapter to get a general overview and a

lay of the land before you start reading. Note the
title, which is
probably a summary of what the whole chapter is
about, and quickly read the first and last paragraphs of
the chapter, which may introduce or summarize main
ideas in the chapter.

CHAPTER 10 Active Reading and Study

A Textbook Study System / A Detailed Study System

1
2

Preview the chapter to get a general overview and a

lay of the land before you start reading.
Read and underline or otherwise mark what seem to
be the important ideas in the chapter. In particular,
look for and
underline definitions, and set off
examples of those
definitions with an Ex. Also look for enumerations
major lists of items, which may already be numbered 1,
2, 3, etc. or which you can number yourself.

CHAPTER 10 Active Reading and Study

A Textbook Study System / A Detailed Study System

1
2
3

Preview the chapter to get a general overview and a

lay of the land before you start reading.
Read and underline or otherwise mark what seem to
be the important ideas in the chapter.
Write (or type into your computer) study notes on the
chapter. Actual writing and notetaking is a key to
successful learning. In the very act of deciding what
is important enough to write down and then
writing it down, you begin to learn and master the
material.

CHAPTER 10 Active Reading and Study

A Textbook Study System / A Detailed Study System

1
2

Preview the chapter to get a general overview and a

lay of the land before you start reading.
Read and underline or otherwise mark what seem to
be the important ideas in the chapter.

Write (or type into your computer) study notes on the

chapter.

Recite your study notes until you can say them to

yourself without looking at them. It helps to put key
words in the margin of your notes. Look at the key
words and see if you can recite the notes that go with
each key word. Keep repeating this process until you
have mastered all of the material. Repeated self-testing
is the key to effective learning.

CHAPTER 10 Active Reading and Study

A Textbook Study System / A Detailed Study System

1
2

Preview the chapter to get a general overview and a

lay of the land before you start reading.
Read and underline or otherwise mark what seem to
be the important ideas in the chapter.

Write (or type into your computer) study notes on the

chapter.

Recite your study notes until you can say them to

yourself without looking at them.
It is impossible to be passive in your study if you
continue this strategy of repeated self-testing.

CHAPTER 10 Active Reading and Study