WIRELESS

ELECTRICITY
- English full
-V e r o n a meeting

version
a p r i l 15,

2011-

Wireless electricity & longitudinal electric waves L.M.D

L.M.D..
pp rr ee ss ee nn tt ee dd bb yy

Dr. Eng. Roberto Handwerker

DELTA
DELTA Ingegneria
Ingegneria-- Milan,
Milan, Italy
Italy -- 2011
2011 All
All rights
rights reserved
reserved

deltaavalon.com

Presentation

DELTA Ingegneria of engineer Roberto Handwerker,

a consulting professional in advanced electrotechnics,
thermodynamics & energetics, also technical advisor to italian Judges

deltaavalon.com

Disclaimer
Disclaimer::

Warning !
The following experiments make use of electrical energy:
please dont try to replicate them unless You are trained
trained and
and wellwellexperienced in electrotechnics: the presence of high voltages and
currents could cause You serious injuring and may even be fatal !
Replication of presented experiments or circuits at Your own risk !
However, the
the shown experiments are
are verifiable
verifiable and
and replicable
replicable by
by
someone
someone who
who has
has the
the right
right means
means and
and know-how.
know-how.
The
The term Cold electricity is
is arbitrary,
arbitrary, meaning
meaning only
only that
that the
the here
here
presented
presented current
current effects
effects are
are different
different from
from usual
usual AC
AC current
current ones.
ones.

deltaavalon.com

First some quotes

quotes
Each one sees what he carries in his heart.
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832)
Every Truth passes through three stages. First,
it is ridiculed. Second, it is violently opposed.
And third, it is accepted as self evident.
- Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860)
Be silent, if you choose; but when it is
necessary, speak - and speak in such a way that
people will remember it.
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)
The present is theirs; the future, for which I
have really worked, is mine.
- Nikola Tesla (1856-1943)
Dont care about them, just watch and pass by
- Dante Alighieri (1265-1321)
deltaavalon.com

..
.and a few general notes
...and

Experiments were realised by use of low-budget equipment,

small power laboratory apparatus, partially using scrap parts.
Electric field:
field this term includes both dielectric () and
[5].
magnetic () fields[5]
All construction and particular design of presented Teslaexperiments apparatus by DELTA Ingegneria .
deltaavalon.com

Brief introduction to Dr.Tesla

master
master of lightning
lightning
Nikola Tesla (1856-1943):
forgotten serbian genius,
emigrant and later U.S. citizen,
great scientist, inventor and
phylanthroper invented the
XX Century with his

AC polyphase system
AC induction motor
Tesla turbine
Radio apparatus
More than 700 patents issued
deltaavalon.com

 Question
Question:: can an electrical device work by only one wire
or even without wires as stated by Nikola Tesla more
than a century ago ?

?
el. wire

neon

deltaavalon.com

motor

Some analogies in Nature ((from

from physics
):
physics):
Ocean waves:: pressure waves (tsunami)
ETEM
TEM

water
tsunami

v
ELMD
LMD

longitudinal waves
E
x(t) oscillation

transverse waves
B

E
x(t) oscillation

v(t) propagation
v(t) propagation
oscillation perpendicular
oscillation parallel to propagation
to propagation
deltaavalon.com

Seismic waves: primary waves (P) and secondary waves (S)

S

v22

v11
P
earth (slice)
S

S: transverse waves - or shear

P: longitudinal waves - or compression

Propagation through core is only for type P

waves possible (similar to sound waves), these
travel faster than type S waves, that is:
VPP = ((k + 4/3)/)

Vss = (/)

where
where k:
k: elast.
elast. norm.modulus,
norm.modulus, :
: elast.
elast. tang.mod,
tang.mod, :
: density
density of
of means
means
deltaavalon.com

Sound waves: pressure waves in fluids or in solids

air

Sound speed in
different elements at 20C
in [m/s]:
air:
343
water: 1480
v glass: 5300
ether(*): c
[12]
(*) according to N.Tesla[12]

In solids: VLL = (E/)

VTT = (G/)

with E > G (always)

In fluids: VLL = (Eaa/), in gases: VLL = (RT/M) (RT/M gas const.), VTT =0
1/v22 22 u/t22 =

22 u

(wave eq.) where: u(x,t) scalar; v = (k/)

N.B.: SOME TESLA EXPERIMENTS WERE ALWAYS

CONSIDERED AS IMPOSSIBLE TO REPLICATE.
deltaavalon.com

10

Dielectric waves: charge density variation waves

Some experimental results
results::
electric wire

(fragmentation stripes)

longitudinal waves

[8] by longitudinal
Test made on electric conductors fragmentation[8]
electrodynamic forces: wires showed peculiar stress/break patterns
(parallel
(parallel stripes)
stripes) rather
rather than
than heat/fusion
heat/fusion patterns.

In physics
HYDRODYNAMIC ANALOGY
between
physics exists
exists the
the HYDRODYNAMIC
ANALOGY
electrotechnics and
and hydraulics
hydraulics..

deltaavalon.com

11

Let us begin with the experiments

experiments::

1) Tesla
s stout
stout bars circuit
Teslas
circuit
This experiment shows
curious electricity phenomena,
according to Tesla and also
called Tesla currents;
The validity of

v = R. i

Ohms law

to this case should be closely

investigated by the
Academic World.
[2]
Teslas 1893 original circuit [2]

deltaavalon.com

12

 The shunted lamps

in the circuit light up
at full brightness even

Cold
Cold electricity
:
electricity:
12V

with circuit shorted

by a heavy copper bar:
current evidently doesnt
follow the bar path
(smaller ) as normal,
preferring the lamp
filament (greater ).
Lamps rated for
different voltages
work at full brightness
at the same time (*)

230V

1200V

(*) The Neon tube lights up

without usual starter circuit

deltaavalon.com

13

The possibile
possibile short
-circuit
short-circuit
Ohms Law : v = R. i (v = Z. i , where Z: impedance)
It should be v11= 0 and so even v22= 0

but it is evidently v2 0 because lamps are lit

v11

v2 0

v22

deltaavalon.com

14

Halogen lamp lit immersed in water

:
A SPECIAL FEATURE by DELTA Ingegneria
A striking effect is observed
by shunting a lamp to the
circuit (right) and immersing
it in water : the 230V / 100W
rated lamp lits at its full
brightness (*); the same
lamp type (left) is working by
ordinary AC household mains
(230V/50Hz,1~); the emitted household mains Tesla current
light colours are different: the
left light is reddish, the right bars
one blueish.
lamp

(*) some lamp types lit even

with broken filament.

water

deltaavalon.com

15

2) Flat
Flat spiral Tesla Coil
Coil

bulb

A good Teslas flat spiral

[3]
Coil (pancake coil)[3]
shows striking features:

lamp emits light and

repels the human hand,
but attracts a
suspended metal strip:
The hand feels a kind
of pressure coming
from the lamp.
GND
deltaavalon.com

Generator
16

 The original Tesla 1900

patent n.649621 for
Trasmitting
Trasmitting electrical
energy
.
energy.
Tesla
pancake
coil

A
A Tesla
Tesla lecture
lecture -- about
about 1890
1890

Dielectric longitudinal waves, devoid of magnetic component, emitted

[10].
from
from aa spherical antenna have
have been yet observed in past[10]
deltaavalon.com

17

Transmission of energy with T.C.

Art
Art of transmitting
energy in the medium

medium
by only one wire and
even without wires:

neon

WIRELESS.
lamps

motors
[1] are lit and electric motors run
lamps[1]
deltaavalon.com

18

L.M.D. and T.E.M. fields of a T.C

.:
T.C.:
E0

spherical antenna
E0
E

mV, mA

B=0

B=0

Quantitative voltage
voltage and
and current
current measures
((mV,
mV, mA) with
with photomultiplier
photomultiplier and
and iron
iron
cored coil
coil::
around the T.C. dielectric field E
E is
prevailing over magnetic field B,
B, which is
practically
practically nil.
nil.
Qualitative
Qualitative measures
measures:: LED resonance
resonance
detector indicates presence of dielectric
field whereas compass indicator stands
still
still..
deltaavalon.com

19

Original Teslas 1901

patent n.685957 for
receiving ENERGY
from a metal plate
Tesla
stout bars
circuit

Teslas
Teslas lecture
lecture before
before AIEE
AIEE -- 1891
1891

deltaavalon.com

20

3) Utilizing electrical energy

plate

Apparatus for utilizing

WIRELESS energy by
an insulated plate and
a series-connected-toearth neon lamp (i.e. it
transceives POWER,
not only a weak signal)

RADIANT
ENERGY
from T.C.
neon

GND
deltaavalon.com

21

 Variant of apparatus for utilizing WIRELESS energy by a

spherical antenna sferica and an electric motor grounded
(only one wire): receives POWER

RADIANT
ENERGY
from T.C.

plate

sphere
(lamp
bulb)
current

motor

GND
deltaavalon.com

22

 Conversion of WIRELESS energy

L.M.D.waves

rectifier
E
sphere

i
+

motor
GND

L.M.D. waves
energy is converted
in the rectifier to
electrical current for
the motor

0
motor current

deltaavalon.com

23

4) Vacuum
Vacuum tube Tesla Coil
Coil
A special feature from
DELTA Ingegneria:
flat spiral Tesla coil
energized by vacuum
tube with an additional
drive coil added to the
primary, instead of the
spark-gap.

additional
drive coil

vacuum
tube

deltaavalon.com

24

The energy field of a T.C.

Tesla Coils energy field
lights up a neon tube to
power
its full brightness without
transmission
wires, that is

small power coil

WIRELESS:
transmission of
ENERGY, not only
signal
MAGNETODIELECTRIC: is the dual of ELECTROMAGNETIC

deltaavalon.com

25

5) Mutual effects between T.Coils

Mutual effects of
XMTR and RCVR: a
neon tube near each
Tesla coil shows that if
RCVR coil is first
switched on and then
off the corresponding
neon tube turns first
ON and then OFF
whereas the neon of
the XMTR turns OFF
and then ON.

The two T.C.s are communicating !

deltaavalon.com

26

Tesla Coil resonance frequencies

There are two different main resonance frequencies
f00 and f11, where f11 = 1,57. f00 ; for instance f00 = 1 MHz
and f11 = 1,57 MHz; the relationship is therefore:

f1 = f0 . / 2

( = 3,141)

Frequencies relationship expressed by wave lenghts :

proportional
proportional as
as circle
circle radius
radius to arc

/2

1
deltaavalon.com

27

Light effects with a T.C

T.C..
The apparatus
produces curious
beautiful light effects,
like brushes and
streamers, in the lamp
bulb at top terminal of
secondary coil
showing different
[1].
colours [1]

sun

lamp

deltaavalon.com

28

Tesla discharge
discharge coil
coil
[1] coil
A peculiar Tesla[1]
produces curious light effects,
not visible by daylight but
present and visible in the dark:
brushes and streamers;
between the terminals, white
electric streams appear instead
of blue or violet ones as by
usual HV air discharges, which
are not felt by hand despite
voltage rises to
hundreds of
kiloVolts, and are
felt only if the
terminals are
directly touched.

deltaavalon.com

generator

29

A few words about Maxwell

s equations
Maxwells
The
The original
original quaternion
quaternion Maxwells
Maxwells electromagnetism equations were later
modified
modified and
and simplified
simplified with
with the
the introduction
introduction of
of vectors
vectors by
by Heaviside
Heaviside and
and
Gibbs.
Gibbs.
Quaternions have 4 terms:
Vectors have
have only
only 3 terms:

q = a+bi+cj+dk
v = ai+bj+ck

(by Hamilton)
(cartesian space)

Calculation rules are not the same in the two systems, for
instance:
- Quaternions have anti-commutative property: i.j= - j.i
- Vectors however have commutative property: i.j=
i.j= j.i
j.i
-- The
The sum
sum of
of quaternions
quaternions q1=a+bi+cj+dk
q1=a+bi+cj+dk and
and q2=a-bi-cj-dk
q2=a-bi-cj-dk gives
gives
q=q1+q2=2a
q=q1+q2=2a which
which is but a scalar
scalar not
not equal
equal to
to zero
zero
-- The
The sum
sum of
of vectors
vectors v1=ai+bj+ck
v1=ai+bj+ck and
and v2=-ai-bj-ck
v2=-ai-bj-ck gives
gives v=v1+v2=0
v=v1+v2=0 that
that is
zero;
zero;
in
in other
other words
words q1+q2=2a
q1+q2=2a but
but v1+v2=0
v1+v2=0 as an example, so:
-> results are not the same and so the involved equations
deltaavalon.com

30

Maxwells equations in todays differential form are:

. E = /00

c22

Dielectric flux theorem

Magnetic flux theorem
Faradays law
Ampres law

.B=0
x E = - /t B
x B = j/00 + /t E

where:

E = dielectric field;
B = magnetic field;
= charge density;
00 = dielectric constant in vacuum;
/t = time partial derivative; j = current density.
and Lorenz gauge would then arbitrarily
.. A + 1/c22. /t = 0
arbitrarily fixed
fixed as:
as:
So
So the
the equations
equations of
of scalar
scalar potential
potential and
and vectorial
vectorial potential
potential A are:
are:

1/c22 22/ t22 -

22 = /
00

1/c22 22A/ t22 -

22 A = J
00

deltaavalon.com

31

It is observed that, by the so-called gauge freedom in

in choosing
choosing
vectorial potential A e scalar , by introducing a scalar gauge function
function
(x,t)
(x,t) and the following potentials
potentials A
A ee
A=A+
and
= - /t
it descends that E and B vectorial fields are unvaried; it is therefore
possible to choose, instead of former Lorenz gauge,
gauge,
the
the Coulomb
Coulomb gauge
gauge (in
(in vacuum)
vacuum) that
that is:
is: .. A
A == 00
And
And so
so to
to obtain
obtain for
for the
the scalar
scalar potential:
potential:

22

= - /00

Poissons equation

whose solution, the instantaneous Coulomb potential associated to

[11] as the variation of
charge density, would but violate the causality [11]
such potential would imply everywhere an instantaneous charge
variation.
variation. The results
results obtained
obtained by
by two
two gauges are therefore different.

deltaavalon.com

32

Quaternions, by use of informatics, simplify complicated manual

calculation and allow up to 55% memory space saving, for example in:
q

[6]
- computer graphics [6]

- aerospace navigation

q = a+bi+cj+dk

Use of quaternions could be made in Maxwells equations

Moreover, two well known expressions of Maxwells
equations (where B and E are respectively magnetic and
dielectric vectorial fields) are:
B=

xA

and

E=-

- /t A

dielectric scalar potential and

dielectric vector potential A
curiously were often considered to be only mere
mathematical abstractions rather than having physical
meaning.
deltaavalon.com

33

Application of quaternions in Maxwells equations:

[7] it
According
According to
to some
some physics
physics[7]
it would
would be
be possible
possible to
to derive
derive Maxwells
Maxwells
equations
equations from
from aa single
single vector
vector potential
potential quaternion,
quaternion, that
that is:
is:

/c , A )
= ( i /c
where:
where:
22

= 00 J

J = ( ic , J )

by
by respect
respect of
of Lorenz
Lorenz gauge
gauge it
it descends
descends an
an extension
extension of
of
Maxwells
Maxwells equations:
equations: this
this implies
implies the
the existence,
existence, besides
besides transverse
transverse
electromagnetic
electromagnetic waves
waves (T.E.M.),
(T.E.M.), also
also of
of longitudinal
longitudinal dielectric
dielectric waves
waves (L.M.D.),
(L.M.D.),
whose
whose scalar
scalar potential
potential
is
is related
related to
to its
its own
own dielectric
dielectric field
field E
E by
by the
the following
following
equation:
equation:

E=

deltaavalon.com

34

By employ
employ of
of quaternions
quaternions and
and adoption
adoption of Lorenz gauge, Maxwells
equations can therefore be reduced to the only two following:

1/c22 22E/t22 - 22E = -1/ 00 ( + 1/c22 J/t )

1/c22 22B/t22 - 22B = 00 ( x J )
Introducing generic scalar field , current intensity is:

J=

be considered following gauge transformation:

= + 1/c22 /t
and J = J -

be it noted that scalar satisfies following wave equation which

[11]:
propagates with speed c in ether[11]

1/c22 22 /t22 -

22

= -(

deltaavalon.com

.J + /t )

35

This implies that distribution of a scalar wave induces a charge

density and current intensity J (having speed c):

= - 1/c22 /t and

J=

even if charge and current J are not present in a particular zone;

E

capacitor

this would also explain the

working principle of the electric
electric
capacitor
capacitor by
by also keeping in
mind the theories of
[5], according to
J.P.Steinmetz[5]
whom dielectric field between
two conductors wouldnt only be
confined to its surfaces, but it is
distributed in the space between
them, such as in the case of
opposed capacitors plates.

deltaavalon.com

36

- God
s creation is vast
Gods
vast:: a lot has to be discovered
discovered;;
last but not least a quote:
The flight of machines heavier than air is not practicable and is insignificant,
if not utterly impossible. - Simon Newcomb, 1902.

visit website:
www.deltaavalon.com
Videos on YouTube: Wireless power 1 & 2 etc.
user: HorizonDelta
deltaavalon.com

37

Bibliography and references

[1] Dr. Nikola Tesla: Experiments with AC of VHF and their
application to methods of artificial illumination, 1891
[2] Dr. Nikola Tesla: On light and other HF phenomena,
lecture delivered at Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, feb.1893
[3] Dr. Nikola Tesla: The true wireless, Electrical Experimenter, may
1919
[4] Hugo Gernsback: Faster than light !, Everyday science
and mechanics - vol.2 n.12, nov.1931
[5] Dr. Charles P. Steinmetz: Electric discharges, waves etc., 1914
[6] Dr. Eng. Roberto Handwerker et al.: Rotazione di solidi mediante
quaternioni for Elements of informatics, Milan Polytechnic,
Faculty of Engineering, Milan, Italy, 1990 (in italian)
[7] Arbab I.A. & Satti Z.A., On the the generalized Maxwell
equations & their prediction of electroscalar,Omdurman Univ.,2009

deltaavalon.com

38

Bibliography and references

[8] J. Nasilowski: Phenomena connected with the disintegration of
conductors, Przeglad Elektrotechniczny,
Elektrotechniczny, 1961
1961 (in
(in polnish)
polnish)
[9] Dr. Eng. Roberto Handwerker: Longitudinal dielectric waves in a
Tesla coil and quaternionic Maxwells equations, revised and
enlarged edition, Milan, 2011
[10] G.F. Ignatiev & V.A. Leus: Instantaneous action at a distance in
modern physics: pro and contra, Nova Science, Hauppage,
N.Y.,1999
[11] Prof. D. Mendeleev: An attempt towards a chemical conception of the
ether (trans. from Russian by G. Kamensky (Imperial Mint, St.
Petersburg), Longmans, Green & Co. N.Y.,1904
[12] Dr. Nikola Tesla: Nikola Tesla tells of new radio theories, interview
with N. Tesla, N.Y. Herald Tribune, 22 Sept.1929.
* * *

deltaavalon.com

39

Also from the Author (in English):

LONGITUDINAL
LONGITUDINAL DIELECTRIC WAVES IN A TESLA COIL
AND QUATERNIONIC MAXWELL
S EQUATIONS

MAXWELLS
EQUATIONS

deltaavalon.com

40

Thank you for your kind attention !

Dr. Eng. Roberto Handwerker

DELTA Ingegneria - Milan, Italy - 2011 All rights reserved

info:
info@deltaavalon.com

www.deltaavalon.com

On website articles of Author, among which: Tesla and cold electricity,

Wireless power-, Wonderful lighting.

deltaavalon.com

41