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7 Analog Multiplier S
7 Analog Multiplier S
Introduction
rectification,
modulation,
demodulation,
frequency translation,
multiplication, and
division.
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I c = I c1 I c 2 = I EE tanh(Vid / 2VT )
I EE K o (Vi 2 VBE ( on ) )
I c
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Two-Quadrant restriction
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Ic4
I c1
=
1 + exp(V1 / VT )
I c5 =
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Ic2
1 + exp(V1 / VT )
Ic6 =
Ic2
1 + exp(V1 / VT )
I EE
I EE
Ic2 =
I c1 =
1 + exp(V2 / VT )
1 + exp(V2 / VT )
I EE
[1 + exp(V1 / VT )][1 + exp(V2 / VT )]
I EE
=
[1 + exp(V1 / VT )][1 + exp(V2 / VT )]
I c3 =
Ic4
I c5 =
I EE
[1 + exp(V1 / VT )][1 + exp(V2 / VT )]
Ic6 =
I EE
[1 + exp(V1 / VT )][1 + exp(V2 / VT )]
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I = I c 35 I c 46 = I c 3 + I c 5 (I c 4 + I c 6 ) = (I c 3 I c 6 ) (I c 4 I c 5 ) =
= I EE tanh(V1 / 2VT ) tanh(V2 / 2VT )
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We assume for the time being that the circuitry within the box develops a
differential output current that is linearly related to the input voltage 7i. Thus
I + K1V1
I K1V1
I + K1V1
- VT ln o1
= VT ln o1
V = VT ln o1
Is
Is
I o1 K1V1
We get
And finally
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KV
V = 2VT tanh 1 1 1
I o1
KV K V
I = I EE 1 1 2 2
I o1 I o 2
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Vout = I EE K 3
K1 K 2
V1V2 = 0.1V1V2
I o1 I o 2
Gilbert cell as a
Balanced Modulator
Vm (t ) = Vm cos mt
n n
Vc (t ) = An cos n c t , where An = sin
/
2 4
n =1
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= K
n =1
AnVm
cos(n c t nt ) cos(n c t + nt )
2
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Gilbert cell as a
phase detector
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The output waveform that results is shown in Fig. 10.16c and consists of a dc
component and a component at twice the incoming frequency. The dc
component is given by:
1 2
1
[A1 A2 ]
Vaverage =
Vo (t )d ( ot ) =
0
2
2
Vaverage = I EE RC
I EE RC = I EE RC
1
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