Guidelines

for
Oral Presentations

Chanif, S. Kep. Ns. MNS. RN

There are no secrets to

success. It is the result of
preparation, hard work, and
learning from failure
Gen. Colin L. Powell

Objectives
To help with the preparation
process of oral presentations
and activities

To improve oral presentation

skills

How to Focus Your Message

Determine if you want to:
Motivate
Educate
Persuade
Inform

Components of a Presentation
All presentations must have:
An introduction
A body

A conclusion

Organize Your Message Effectively

Determine your topic, and what
you will cover
Brainstorm and organize all your
ideas
Research - Make sure you are wellinformed on your topic
Classify and order your ideas

Emphasize the important elements

Write an Effective Conclusion

Summarize the key points of the
presentation
Summarize how to implement solutions
Summarize future predictions based on
your persuasion strategies

Creating the Presentation

Make it BIG
If it looks too big on the
computer, its the perfect size

Keep it SIMPLE
Present the main idea of each
concept

Creating the Presentation

Make it CLEAR
Choose an appropriate font, font
size, and color

Be CONSISTENT
Use a logical sequence and one
format

Preparation
Prepare your visuals in advance
Always make back-up copies

Rehearse a lot (avoid the use of papers or

note cards)
Know how to use the technical equipment
Preview the room, and select the layout that
is best for your presentation

Advantages of Visual Aids

Enhance understanding of the topic
Help your speech be more impressive,
and improve your image
Maintain the audiences attention and
increase their interest
Help build credibility
Add variety

Diversity of Audiovisual Aids

Sketches and Maps

Graphs & Charts

Photographs, Pictures &
Slides
Objects, Models or

Realia

Audiovisual Equipment

Overhead Projectors
Slides & Transparencies

Handouts, pamphlets,
brochures

Films, videotapes, audio

Posters & Books

tapes, music,

PowerPoint Presentations

CD-ROMs & iPods

Preparing Effective PowerPoint Slides

Use visuals sparingly
Rule 7 X 7
Use no more than 7 lines of text per slide
Use no more than 7 words per line of text

Restrict the contents of tables and graphs

Maintain uniformity in font style, font size, and
bullets

Constructing Effective Visual Aids

Never use confusing abbreviations
The use of periods at the end of the bullets is not
necessary
Artistry and sounds do not substitute for content,
and they can distract your audience
Select complimentary colors; avoid color clashes
Use fonts like Sans Serif or Times New Roman

Constructing Effective Visual Aids

Transparencies Slides Handouts
Title

36 pt

48 pt

24 pt

Subtitles

28 pt

36 pt

20 pt

Body

24 pt

28 pt

16-18
pt

Construction of Graphs
Present one graph
per slide
Limit the amount
of numbers or
figures

No more than 3
curves or
horizontal bar lines
per graph

Reading Comprehension in English

0%

13%

47%
40%

Excellent

Good

Fair

Deficient

Examples of Font Sizes

This is font
48
This is font 36
This is font 28
This is font 24
This is font 20
This is font 18
This is font 16

The font size

of the word
below is
written in
48.

Overuse of Visual Aids

Attention of audience will be divided
Audience may pay more attention to
visuals than to speaker
Avoid slides with too much movement
and/or sounds

How to Conduct Yourself During Your

Presentation
Be punctual

Stand up, or sit straight

Keep hands in front of you

Maintain eye contact with the audience

on all sides of the room
Start the presentation with a smile
Use a conversational tone
Dress neatly and professionally

Use Your Voice Effectively

Speak loud enough to be heard, and be confident
Dont speak in a monotone

Alternate the rate of your voice

Slow down when emphasizing important points
Pauses can also be used to add emphasis

Drink water to prevent voice problems

Top Ten Mistakes Made by Presenters

No preparation

Lack of enthusiasm

No presentation
objectives

No eye contact

Mediocre first
impression

Lack of facial
expression
Stays in one place

Lack good visuals

Ineffective closing

No audience
involvement

Things to Avoid
Corporal Movement
Swinging and moving excessively
Playing with hair
Chewing gum

Clicking the top of a pen

Playing with jewelry

Leaning against something for support

Things to Avoid
Voice
Speaking
Too fast
Too slow
Too low

Fillers (repetitive
sounds and
phrases)
ah

um
Arrogance

and

Steps to Reduce Your Speaking Anxiety

Know the room
Arrive early
Walk around the room

Know the audience

Know, practice, and
revise your material
Learn how to relax

Visualize yourself
speaking

Realize people want

you to succeed
Dont apologize for
being nervous
Concentrate on your
message

Turn nervousness into

positive energy
Gain experience

How to Control Your Nervousness

Transform fear and nervousness to presentation
presence and strength
Breathe deeply and exhale slowly (repeat)
Stretch your muscles (neck, legs, and arms)
Repeat breathing exercise, close your eyes, relax,
feel prepared and ready
Walk the room: feel the space of your success
Greet your audience (Impact them)

Question and Answer Session

Know the background of your topic

Find out if there are any current / recent studies

Know if there is any influence or impact on
society / environment / organization
Know the sources on which your research is

based

References
4 Important Design Concepts

http://www.kumc.edu/SAH/OTEd/jradel/Effective_
visuals/102.html

Preparing EFL Learners for Oral

Presentations

Presenters Online
http://www.presentersonline.com

References
Overcoming Speaking Anxiety in Meetings
and Presentations
http://www.all-biz.com/newroot/Authors.asp?

Tcnicas de Presentacin Publicitaria

Prof. Modesto Aguayo, Universidad de Sagrado Corazn

Using Visual Aids

http://www.askjeeves.com/main/followup.asp?qcat=ho
me&ask=how+can+i+make+a+good+oral+presentation

GOOD LUCK!!!

Prepared by Professors Delia Serrano and Jennifer Soler 2002

Revised by Professor Delia Serrano 2003
Revised by Patricia Kidd 2004
Revised by Prof. Delia Serrano 2005