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Luyen Thi Vao Lop 10 - VVB
Luyen Thi Vao Lop 10 - VVB
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Bin son V Vn Bc
VN 1. CC BI TON V CN THC
1.1 Dn nhp k nng gii ton
Phn tch mu thc thnh nhn t t iu kin cho mu thc v cn thc nu c
Mt s cu hi thng gp trong bi ton v cn thc
Rt gn biu thc
Gii bt phng trnh : ch iu kin ban u
Gii phng trnh : ch iu kin ban u loi nghim nu c
Chia nh cc biu thc tnh nu nh biu thc cn tnh l phc tp hay di dng
Lu tm rng y l cu hi n gin cc em cn cn thn trong vic lm ton.
3 x 1
vi x 0 ; x 1
:
x 1 x x
x 1
a) Rt gn biu thc B
b) Tm x 2P x 3
( thi tuyn sinh vo lp 10 Chuyn L Hng Phong Nam nh nm 2011)
Li gii
a) Vi iu kin x 0 ; x 1 ta c
3 x 1
x 1
B x x
( x 1)( x 1) ( x 1)( x 1)
x ( x 1).
3 x 1 x 1
( x 1)( x 1)
x (2 x 2) 2 x ( x 1)
2 x
x 1
x 1
Vy vi x 0 ; x 1 th P 2 x
b) Vi iu kin x 0 ; x 1 v P 2 x ta c
2P x 3 4 x x 3
x 4 x 3 0
x 1
x 3 0
x 1 0
x 1
x 1
x 9
x 3 0
x 3
Kt hp vi iu kin th ch c x 9 l tha mn
Vy x 9 l gi tr tha mn bi ton cho
Nhn xt: cch gii chung trong bi ton trn nh sau
Kt lun: nu li iu kin v kt qu tm c.
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Bin son V Vn Bc
a 2
a 3
5
a a 6
1
2 a
a) Rt gn P
b) Tm gi tr ca a sao cho P 1
c) Tn a sao cho P 2012
a) Rt gn P
b) Tm gi tr ca x sao cho P 0
x x 3
x 2
x 2
:
x 1 x 2 3 x x 5 x 6
x 1
1
8 x 3 x 2
: 1
3 x 1
9
x
1
3
x
1
3
x
a) Rt gn P
6
b) Tm cc gi tr ca x P
5
a 1
2 a
a 1 a a a a 1
a
a) Rt gn P
b) Tm gi tr ca a sao cho P 1
c) Tm gi tr ca P sao cho a 19 8 3
1 a3
a (1 a)2 1 a 3
:
a .
a
1 a
1 a
1 a
a) Rt gn P
b) Xt du ca biu thc M a P
2
x 1
2x x
x 1
2 x x
Bi ton 1.6. Cho biu thc P =
1 : 1
2x 1
2x 1
2 x 1
2x 1
a) Rt gn P
3
b) Tnh gi tr ca P khi x 2
2
2 x
Bi ton 1.7. Cho biu thc P =
x
x
1
x
:
1
x 1
x 1
a) Rt gn P
b) Tm x P 0
2a 1
1 a3
a
.
Bi ton 1.8. Cho biu thc P =
a
1 a
3
1
a
a) Rt gn P
b) Xt du ca biu thc P 1 a
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Bin son V Vn Bc
1 2x x 1 2x x x x
1
Bi ton 1.9. Cho biu thc P
:
x 1 x
1 x x
1 x
a) Rt gn P
b) Tnh gi tr ca P khi x 7 4 3
c) Tm gi tr ln nht ca a sao cho P a
1 a a
1 a a
a) Rt gn P
b) Tm a sao cho P 7 4 3
2 x
Bi ton 1.11. Cho biu thc P =
x 3
a) Rt gn P
1
b) Tm x P
2
c) Tm gi tr nh nht ca P
x
3 x 3 2 x 2
:
1
x 3 x 9 x 3
x3 x
9x
x 3
Bi ton 1.12. Cho biu thc P
1 :
x9
x x 6 2 x
a) Rt gn P
b) Tm gi tr ca x P 1
x 2
x 3
15 x 11 3 x 2 2 x 3
x 2 x 3 1 x
x 3
a) Rt gn P
b) Tm cc gi tr ca x P
c) Chng minh rng : P
1
2
2
3
2 x
x m
x
m2
trong m 0
2
x m 4 x 4m
a) Rt gn P
b) Tnh x theo m sao cho P 0
c) Xc nh cc gi tr ca m sao cho x tm c cu b tho mn iu kin x 1
Bi ton 1.15. Cho biu thc P
a2 a
2a a
1
a a 1
a
a) Rt gn P
b) Bit a 1 Hy so snh P vi | P |
c) Tm a P = 2
d) Tm gi tr nh nht ca P
a 1
a 1
ab a
ab a
Bi ton 1.16. Cho biu thc P
1 :
1
ab 1
ab 1
ab 1
ab 1
a) Rt gn P
b) Tnh gi tr ca P khi a 2 3 v b
3 1
1 3
c) Tm gi tr nh nht ca P nu www.MATHVN.com
a b 4
Bin son V Vn Bc
a a 1 a a 1
1 a 1
a 1
a a
a a
a a 1
a 1
a) Rt gn P
b) Vi gi tr no ca a th P 7
c) Vi gi tr no ca a th P 6
a
1
Bi ton 1.18. Cho biu thc P
2 a
2
a) Rt gn P
b) Tm cc gi tr ca a sao cho P 0
c) Tm cc gi tr ca a sao cho P 2
a 1
a 1
a 1 a 1
( a b )2 4 ab a b b a
.
a b
ab
a) Tm iu kin sao cho P c ngha.
b) Rt gn P
c) Tnh gi tr ca P khi a 2 3 v b 3
Bi ton 1.19. Cho biu thc P
x2
x
1
Bi ton 1.20. Cho biu thc P
:
x x 1 x x 1 1 x
a) Rt gn P
b) Chng minh rng : P 0 vi mi x 1
2 x x
Bi ton 1.21. Cho biu thc P
x x 1
a) Rt gn P
b) Tnh P khi x 5 2 3
x y
a) Rt gn P
b) Chng minh P 0
x 1
2
1
x 2
:
1
x 1 x x 1
x3 y3
yx
x y xy
x y
1
3 ab
1
3 ab
ab
Bi ton 1.23. Cho P
a b a a b b a b a a b b a ab b
a) Rt gn P
b) Tnh P khi a 16 v b 4
2a a 1 2a a a a a a
.
Bi ton 1.24. Cho biu thc P 1
2 a 1
1
a
1
a
a
a) Rt gn P
b) Cho P
6
1 6
tm gi tr ca a
x5 x
25 x
Bi ton 1.25. Cho biu thc P
1 :
x 25
x 2 x 15
a) Rt gn P
b) Vi gi tr no ca x th P 1 www.MATHVN.com
x 3
x 5
x 5
x 3
Bin son V Vn Bc
a 1. a b
3 a
3a
1
:
Bi ton 1.26. Cho biu thc P
a b 2a 2 ab 2b
a ab b a a b b
a) Rt gn P
b) Tm nhng gi tr nguyn ca a sao cho P c gi tr nguyn
1 a 1
a 2
1
Bi ton 1.27. Cho biu thc P
:
a a 2
a 1
a 1
a) Rt gn P
1
b) Tm gi tr ca a sao cho P
6
1
1
2
1 1
Bi ton 1.28. Cho biu thc P
.
:
y x y x y
x
a) Rt gn P
b) Cho xy 16 xc nh x, y P c gi tr nh nht
x3 y x x y y 3
x 3 y xy 3
x3
2x
1 x
.
xy 2 y x x 2 xy 2 y 1 x
a) Rt gn P
b) Tm tt c cc s nguyn dng x sao cho y 625 v P 0, 2
VN 2. CC BI TON V PHNG TRNH BC HAI
2.1 Dn nhp k nng gii ton
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Bin son V Vn Bc
g) Khi phng trnh c hai nghim phn bit x 1, x 2 chng minh rng
m 1x
x2 m2 m 5
1
x1x 2 4
x1 x 2 4
4
5
Li gii
a) Khi m 2 thay vo phng trnh cho ta c
x 2 8x 9 0
Phng trnh ny c ' 16 9 7 0 khi th phng trnh c 2 nghim
x1 4 7 ; x2 4 7
S 4 7 ; 4 7
Trng hp 1. m 1 th ta c 5 4x 0 x
5
m 1 tha mn.
4
1
th phng trnh cho l c nghim.
3
m 1
1
' 0 3m 1 0 m
3
Khi theo h thc Viet th ta c
x1 x2
Mt khc ta li c :
4m
4m 1
; x 1x 2
m 1
m 1
4m
4(m 1) 4
4
4
m 1
m 1
m 1
4m 1 4(m 1) 5
5
4
m 1
m 1
m 1
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1
3
Bin son V Vn Bc
5 x 1 x 2 4x1x 2 20 16 4
Vy h thc cn tm l 5 x 1 x 2 4x 1x 2 20 16 4
' 0
' 0 m
1
3
m 1
4m 1
x 1x 2 0
0
m 1
m 1
x1 x2 0
m 1
4m
0
m 1
m 0
1
m 0
3
' 0
4
4m
x1 x2 0
0 0m 1
m 1
Vy khng tn ti m phng trnh c hai nghim m phn bit.
' 0
f) Phng trnh c hai nghim phn bit tri du khi
x 1x1 0
1
' 0 m
3
x 1x 2 0
4m 1
1
0 m 1
m 1
4
1
m 1
3
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x2
4x 1x 2
m 1
x2
m 1 x
Mt khc
m 1 x
x2
x2
Bin son V Vn Bc
2
3m 1 m 2 m 5
(m 1)2
(m 1)2
m2 m 5
2
m2 m 5
m 1x
x2
Vy m 1 x 1 x 2 m 2 m 5 du bng c khi m 2.
h) iu kin phng trnh c hai nghim x 1, x 2 l m
Xt x1 x 2
x2
1
v m 1
3
4x 1x 2
28
2
m 1
(m 1)
16m 2 4(m 1)(4m 1) 28(m 1)2
16m 2 4(4m 2 3m 1) 28(m 2 2m 1)
28m 2 56m 28 12m 4 0
28m 2 68m 24 0
7m 2 17m 6 0
Ta d dng tm c m 2 ; m
3
tha mn bi ton.
7
1
3
x 2 2x1 0
5x 1x 2 2 x12 x 2 2 0 9x 1x 2 2 x 1 x 2
9(4m 1) 2.16m 2
x1 x2
x 1x 2
4m
4(m 1) 4
4
4
m 1
m 1
m 1
4m 1 4(m 1) 5
5
5
4
x 1x 2 4
m 1
m www.MATHVN.com
1
m 1
m 1
Khi ta c :
1
x1x 2 4
x1 x 2
Bin son V Vn Bc
m 1
4
4
5
m 1
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Bin son V Vn Bc
6 x12 10 x1 x2 6 x22
5 x1 x23 5 x13 x2
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Bin son V Vn Bc
x 1 y
a)
2 y 5 x
x y 2
b) x y
4 4 1
y 1 x 1
c)
y 3 x 12
2 x by 4
Bi ton 3.3. Cho h phng trnh
bx ay 5
a) Gii h phng trnh khi a b
b) Xc nh a v b h phng trnh trn c v s nghim.
mx y 2 m
Bi ton 3.4. Gii v bin lun h phng trnh theo tham s
4 x my 6 m
x ay 1
Bi ton 3.5. Vi gi tr no ca a th h phng trnh
ax y 2
a) C mt nghim duy nht
b) V nghim
x 2 xy y 2 19
Bi ton 3.6. Gii h phng trnh sau
x xy y 1
x 1 y 2 1
Bi ton 3.7. Tm m sao cho h sau c nghim
2
x y m x y 1 x y 0
2 x 2 xy 3 y 2 13
Bi ton 3.8. Gii h phng trnh 2
2
x 4 xy 2 y 6
a 3 2b 2 4b 3 0
Bi ton 3.9. Cho a v b tho mn h phng trnh 2
2 2
a a b 2b 0
Tnh gi tr ca biu thc P a 2 b 2
(a 1) x y 3
Bi ton 3.10. Cho h phng trnh
a.x y a
a) Gii h phng rnh khi a 2
b) Xc nh gi tr ca a h c nghim duy nht tho mn iu kin x y 0
VN 4. CC BI TON V TH HM S
Bi ton 4.1. Cho hm s (d ) : y (m 2) x n
Tm gi tr ca m v n th (d ) ca hm s
a) i qua hai im A(-1 ; 2) v B(3www.MATHVN.com
; -4)
b) Ct trc tung ti im c tung bng 1 2 ct trc honh ti im c honh bng 2 2
Bin son V Vn Bc
c) Ct ng thng x 2 y 3 0
d) Song song vi ng thng 3 x 2 y 1
Bi ton 4.2. Cho hm s (P) : y 2x 2
a) V th (P)
b) Tm trn th cc im cch u hai trc to
c) Xt s giao im ca (P) vi ng thng (d ) : y mx 1 theo m
d) Vit phng trnh ng thng ( d ') i qua im M(0;-2) v tip xc vi (P)
Bi ton 4.3. Cho (P) : y x 2 v ng thng (d ) : y 2 x m
1. Xc nh m sao cho hai ng
a) Tip xc nhau tm to tip im
b) Ct nhau ti hai im phn bit A v B mt im c honh x 1 . Tm honh ca im
cn li . Tm to A v B
2. Trong trng hp tng qut gi s (d) ct (P) ti hai im phn bit M v N
Tm to trung im I ca on MN theo m v tm qu tch ca im I khi m thay i.
Bi ton 4.4. Cho ng thng (d ) : 2( m 1) x ( m 2) y 2
a) Tm m ng thng (d) ct (P) : y x 2 ti hai im phn bit A v B
b) Tm to trung im I ca on AB theo m
c) Tm m (d ) cch gc to mt khong Max
d) Tm im c nh m (d ) i qua khi m thay i
Bi ton 4.5. Cho (P) : y x 2
a) Tm tp hp cc im M sao cho t c th k c hai ng thng vung gc vi nhau v
tip xc vi (P)
b) Tm trn (P) cc im sao cho khong cch ti gc to bng 2
3
Bi ton 4.6. Cho ng thng (d ) : y x 3
4
a) V th (d )
b) Tnh din tch tam gic c to thnh gia (d ) v hai trc to
c) Tnh khong cch t gc O n (d )
Bi ton 4.7. Cho hm s (d ) : y x 1
a) Nhn xt dng ca th v th ( d )
b) Dng th bin lun s nghim ca phng trnh x 1 m
Bi ton 4.8. Vi gi tr no ca m th hai ng thng (d ) : y ( m 1) x 2 ; (d ') : y 3 x 1
a) Song song vi nhau
b) Ct nhau
c) Vung gc vi nhau
Bi ton 4.9. Tm gi tr ca a ba ng thng ( d1 ) : y 2 x 5 ; ( d 2 ) : y x 2 v
(d3 ) : y ax 12 ng quy ti mt im trong mt phng to .
Bi ton 4.10. Chng minh rng khi m thay i th (d ) : 2 x (m 1) y 1 lun i qua mt im c
nh no .
1
Bi ton 4.11. Cho ( P ) : y x 2 v ng thng (d ) : y ax b . Xc nh a v b ng thng
2
(d ) i qua im A(-1 ; 0) v tip xc vi ( P)
Bi ton 4.12. Cho hm s y x 1 x 2
a) V th hn s trn
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b) Dng th cu a bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh x 1 x 2 m
Bin son V Vn Bc
1 2
x v ng thng (d) qua hai im A v B trn (P) c honh lm
4
lt l -2 v 4
a) Kho st s bin thin v v th (P) ca hm s trn
b) Vit phng trnh ng thng (d)
c) Tm im M trn cung AB ca (P) tng ng honh x 2;4 sao cho tam gic MAB c
din tch ln nht.
1
Bi ton 4.18. Cho ( P ) : y x 2 v im M (1;-2)
4
a) Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) i qua M v c h s gc l m
b) Chng minh rng (d) lun ct (P) ti hai im phn bit A v B khi m thay i
c) Gi x A ; xB ln lt l honh ca A v B .Xc nh m x A2 xB x A xB2 t gi tr nh nht v
tnh gi tr
d) Gi A' v B' ln lt l hnh chiu ca A v B trn trc honh v S l din tch t gic AA'B'B.
Tnh S theo m v xc nh m S 4 8 m 2 m 2 m 2
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Bin son V Vn Bc
1
Bi ton 4.21. Cho (P) : y x 2 v im I(0;-2). Gi (d) l ng thng qua I v c h s gc m.
4
a) Chng minh (d) lun ct (P) ti hai im phn bit A v B vi m R
b) Tm gi tr ca m on AB ngn nht
x2
3
v ng thng (d) i qua im I ;1 c h s gc l m
4
2
a) V (P) v vit phng trnh (d)
b) Tm m sao cho (d) tip xc (P)
c) Tm m sao cho (d) v (P) c hai im chung phn bit
Bi ton 4.22. Cho (P) : y
x2
x
v ng thng (d) : y 2
4
2
a) V (P) v (d)
b) Tm to giao im ca (P) v (d)
c) Tm to ca im thuc (P) sao cho ti ng tip tuyn ca (P) song song vi (d)
Bi ton 4.24. Cho (P) : y x 2
a) V (P)
b) Gi A v B l hai im thuc (P) c honh ln lt l -1 v 2 . Vit phng trnh AB
c) Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) song song vi AB v tip xc vi (P)
Bi ton 4.25. Cho (P) : y 2x 2
a) V (P)
b) Trn (P) ly im A c honh x 1 v im B c honh x 2 . Xc nh cc gi tr ca m
v n ng thng (d ) : y mx n tip xc vi (P) v song song vi AB
Bi ton 4.26. Xc nh gi tr ca m d1 : x y m v d 2 : mx y 1 ct nhau ti mt im
trn (P) : y 2x 2
VN 5. GII BI TON BNG CCH LP PHNG TRNH
Bin son V Vn Bc
Bin son V Vn Bc
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Bin son V Vn Bc
VN 6. HNH HC TNG HP
Bi 1. (HSG Hi Phng nm 2003)
Cho tam gic ABC nhn vi BE v CD l cc ng cao. ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ADE ct
cc ng phn gic trong v ngoi gc BAC ti P v Q tng
ng. Chng minh rng :
a) PQ DE
b) PQ i qua trung im ca cnh BC.
Bi 2. (HSG Ngh An nm 2003)
Cho ng trn tm O v mt dy cung AB ca n. Trn tia AB ly im C nm ngoi ng trn.
T im P chnh gia ca cung AB ln k ng knh PQ ca ng trn. ng knh ny ct dy
AB D. Tia CP ct ng trn ti im th hai l I. Cc dy AB v QI ct nhau K.
a) Chng minh rng : CID v CKP ng dng.
b) ng thng qua B v vung vi CI ct AI E. Chng minh BCE cn.
c) Gi s A, B, C c nh. ng trn (O) thay i nhng vn i qua A, B.
Chng minh rng : QI lun i qua mt im c nh.
Bi 3. (HSG Thanh Ha nm 2003)
Gi s ABCD l t gic ni tip hai ng cho AC v BD ct nhau ti P. Gi O l tm ng trn
ngoi tip tam gic APB v H l trc tm ca tam gic CPD. Chng minh rng O, P, H thng hng.
Bi 4. (HSG Ph Th nm 2003)
Cho ng trn tm (O, R) v dy BC b hn 2R. Cc tip tuyn ca ng trn ti B v C ct
nhau ti A.Ly M l mt im bt k trn cung nh BC v khng trng vi B v C.Gi H, I, K ln
lt l hnh chiu ca M trn BC, CA, AB ; BM ct HK ti P ; CM ct HI ti Q.
a) Chng minh PQ song song vi BC.
b) Xc nh v tr ca im M tch MH.MI.MK t gi tr ln nht.
Bi 5. (HSG ng Nai nm 2003)
Cho tam gic MNP c ba gc nhn v cc im A, B C theo th t l hnh chiu vung gc ca M,
N, P trn NP, PM, MN. Trn cc on thng AC v AB ln lt ly D v E sao cho DE song song
vi NP. Trn tia AB ly im K sao cho hai gc DMK v NMP bng nhau. Chng minh rng :
a) MD = ME
b) T gic MDEK ni tip. T suy ra im M l tm ca ng trn bng tip gc ADK ca tam
gic ADK.
Bi 6. (HSG Bnh nh nm 2003)
Cho tam gic ABC nhn c AB < AC. Hai ng cao BD v CE ct nhau ti im H. Gi I l trung
im BC. Hai ng trn ngoi tip hai tam gic BIE v tam gic CDI ct nhau K.
a) Chng minh rng hai gc BDK v CEK bng nhau
b) Gi M l giao im ca DE v BC. Chng minh M, H, K thng hng.
c) Chng minh rng t gic BKDM ni tip.
Bi 7. (HSG Ninh Bnh nm 2003)
Cho ng trn ng knh AB v mt ng thng d nm bn ngoi ng trn vung gc vi
AB ti C. Ct tuyn bt k CMN ct ng trn ti M, N. Gi D v E ln lt l giao im ca
ng thng d vi AM v AN.Chng minh rng : t gic DEMN ni tip mt ng trn.
Bi 8. (HSG Nng nm 2003)
Cho tam gic ABC vung A c A v B l c nh, C chuyn ng theo chiu ca tam gic ABC.
ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC tip xc vi AC, BC ti M v N tng ng. Chng minh rng
ng thng MN i qua im c nh.
Bi 9. (V ch Ton Hn Quc nm 2002)
Trn ng trn (O) ly hai im c nh A v C phn bit. Tm v tr ca cc im B v D thuc
ng trn chu vi t gic ABCD c gi tr ln nht.
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Bin son V Vn Bc
90
rng : AB + AC 2BC AIO
Bi 16. ( thi chn i tuyn Ton Quc Gia nm 1992)
Gi H, I, O ln lt l trc tm, tm ng trn ni tip v ngoi tip ca tam gic ABC. Chng
minh rng : 2IO IH.
Bi 17. (V ch Ton i Loan nm 1997)
Cho tam gic ABC nhn ni tip ng trn (O, R) ; AO ct ng trn ngoi tip tam gic OBC
D ; BO ct ng trn ngoi tip tam gic OAC E ; CO ct ng trn ngoai tip tam gic OAB
F. Chng minh rng : OD.OE.OF 8R3
Bi 18. (HSG Ngh An nm 2008)
T gic ABCD ni tip. Cc im M, N ln lt thay i trn cc cnh AB v CD sao cho
MA NC
PM AB
S
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Bin son V Vn Bc
AB. AC
AM AN
b) Gi K l mt im bt k trn ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC v K thuc cung BC khng
cha A ; K khc B v C. Cc tia phn gic ca cc gc BKA v CKA ct cc cnh AB v AC theo
th t ti D v E. Chng minh rng DE lun i qua I khi K thay i.
Bi 23. (HSG Vng Tu nm 2008)
Cho tam gic ABC nhn ni tip ng trn (O, R). Gi I l im chnh gia ca cung BC khng
cha A v K l trung im ca BC. Tip tuyn ti B, C ca (O, R) ct nhau ti M ; AM ct BC ti
N. Chng minh rng :
a) AI l phn gic ca gc MAK
AB
NB
AC
NC
Bi 24. (HSG Thanh Ha nm 2008)
Cho tam gic ABC. Gi D l im bt k trn tia i ca tia CB. ng trn ni tip cc tam gic
ABD v ACD ct nhau ti P v Q. Chng minh rng ng thng PQ lun i qua mt im c nh
khi D thay i.
Bi 25. (HSG Thanh Ha nm 2008)
Cho tam gic ABC c H l trc tm. Gi M l trung im ca BC.
1
Chng minh rng : MA 2 + MH 2 = AH 2 + BC2
2
Bi 26. (HSG ng Thp nm 2008)
Cho tam gic ABC cn ti A. ng trn (C) tip xc vi cc ng thng AB v AC ln lt ti B
v C. Gi M l mt im bt k trn ng trn (C). Gi m, n, k theo th t l khong cch t M
n cc ng thng AB, AC v BC. Chng minh rng : m.n = k2
Bi 27. (HSG Bnh Phc nm 2008)
Cho tam gic ABC. Trn tia i ca BA v CA ln lt ly cc im E v F. Gi M l giao im
MB MC
AB.AC
ca BF v CE. Chng minh rng :
MF ME
AE.AF
Bi 28. (HSG Bnh nh nm 2008)
Cho hai ng trn (O1; R1) v (O2; R2) ct nhau ti hai im A v B. T im C trn tia i ca tia
AB k cc tip tuyn CD v CE vi (O1; R1) ; D v E l cc tip im E nm trong ng trn (O2;
R2). Gi giao im ca AD v AE vi (O2; R2) ln lt l M v N. Chng minh rng DE i qua
trung im ca MN.
Bi 29. (HSG Vnh Phc nm 2008)
Cho tam gic ABC ni tip ng trn (O, R). ng cao BH bng R 2 . Gi D v E ln lt l
hnh chiu vung gc ca H ln AB v BC. Chng minh rng O, D, E thng hng.
Bi 30. (HSG Thi Bnh nm 2008)
Cho t gic ABCD ni tip mt ng trn. ng thng qua C ct cc tia i ca BA v DA ln
SBCD
BD
lt ti M v N. Chng minh rng :
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SAMN 2AC
b)
Bin son V Vn Bc
Bin son V Vn Bc
= MCF
Bi 47. Cho tam gic ABC. ng cao CF v trung tuyn BM. Gi s BM = CF v MBC
Chng minh rng : tam gic ABC u.
Bi 48. Cho tam gic ABC c AB > AC. Phn gic trong gc A ct BC ti D. im E trn AB sao
= 90 . im F trn AC sao cho BED
= DEF
. Chng minh rng : BAD
=
cho BDE
CDF
Bi 49. Cho t gic ABCD ni tip ng trn (O) ; DA v CB ct nhau ti P. Gi Q l giao im
60
ca hai ng cho AC v BD. Gi s CD = CP = CQ. Chng minh rng : gc CAD
Bi 50. Cho tam gic ABC ni tip ng trn (O, R) v ng cao AD. H DE v DF thng gc
vi hai cnh AB v AC. Tnh di EF theo R v cc t s lng gic cc gc ca tam gic ABC.
Bi 51. Cho t gic ni tip ABCD vi AC l phn gic gc A. Ly im E trn AD. Chng minh
rng : CE = CA nu v ch nu DE = AB.
Bi 52. Tam gic c ba gc ABC nhn vi AB > AC v gc BAC bng 60. Gi O l tm ng
ngoi tip, H l trc tm tam gic ABC v OH ct cnh AB ti P v AC ti Q.
Chng minh rng : PO = HQ.
Bi 53. Tam gic ABC c gc A t ni tip trong vng trn. Ly im Q trn cung BC c cha
im A. K ng knh QP.T Q h cc ng thng gc xung AC v AB theo th t ti cc im
V v W. Chng minh hai tam gic PBC v AWV ng dng.
Bi 54. Cho tam gic ABC ni tip trong vng trn. Phn gic ca A, B, C ct ng trn ti A', B',
C'. ng thng A'B' ct BC ti N v ng thng C'B' ct AB ti M. Chng minh : MN i qua O
ca ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC.
Bi 55. Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A. Trn BC ly im D sao cho gc ADB bng hai ln lt
2
1
1
gc BAD. Chng minh rng :
AD BD CD
Bi 56. Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD. Ly im E sao cho AE thng gc AB v EC thng gc BC.
Chng minh rng : gc AED bng gc BEC.
Bi 57. Cho ng trn (O, R) v AB < 2R c nh. Mt im M di chuyn trn cung ln AB vi
M khc A v B. Gi I l trung im ca AB ; (O') l ng trn i qua M v tip xc vi AB ti A.
ng thng MI ct (O) v (O') ln lt ti N v P. Chng minh rng :
a) IA2 = IP.IM.
b) T gic ANBP l hnh bnh hnh.
c) IB l tip tuyn ca ng trn ngoi tip tam gic MBP.
d) Khi M di chuyn trn cung ln AB th trng tm G ca tam gic PAB chy trn mt cung trn c
nh.
Bi 58. Cho tam gic ABC vung cn ti A, trung tuyn AD. Ly M l im bt k trn on AD.
Gi N, P ln lt l hnh chiu ca M trn AB, AC ; H l hnh chiu ca N trn DP. Trn na mt
phng b AB c cha im C, k Bx vung gc vi BA v gi E l giao im ca DP v Bx.
a) Chng minh rng : tam gic EBN vung cn.
b) Chng minh rng : B, M, H thng hng v t gic AHDB ni tip.
c) Xc nh v tr ca im M din tch AHB l ln nht.
d) Chng minh rng : HN lun i qua mt c nh khi M thay i trn on AD.
Bi 59. ( thi HSG ng bng sng Cu Long, tnh Cn Th)
Cho tam gic ABC nhn c H l trc tm. Gi M, N, P theo th t l giao im ca HA, HB, HC
vi ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC. Chng minh rng :
1
1
1
1
1
1
HM HN HP HA HB HC
Bi 60. ( thi HSG ng bng sng Cu Long, tnh ng Thp)
Cho tam gic ABC ni tip ng trn (O). Cc tip tuyn vi (O) ti B v C ct nhau ti M ; AM
ct BC ti N. Chng minh rng : NB.AC2 = NC.AB2
Bi 61. (Tp ch ton hc v tui tr)
T mt im P nm ngoi ng trn tm O k hai tip tuyn PA v PB ca ng trn vi A v B
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l cc tip im. Gi M l giao im
ca OP v AB. K dy cung CD i qua M vi CD khng i
qua O. Hai tip tuyn ca ng trn ti C v D ct nhau ti Q. Tnh ln gc OPQ.
Bin son V Vn Bc
= 180 AQC
+ BQD
= 180 .
A
PB + DPC
rng : AMD
Bin son V Vn Bc
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Bin son V Vn Bc
1
16
CI
CP
VN 7. THAM KHO THM
Bi ton 1. (Chuyn Ton L Hng Phong thnh ph H Ch Minh nm 1992)
Vi a, b, c l di ba cnh ca mt tam gic chng minh rng
ab bc ca a 2 b 2 c 2 2(ab bc ca )
Bin son V Vn Bc
a 2 b2 c2
a 2 b 2 c2
1
ab bc ca
ab bc ca
Bi ton 2. Gii phng trnh sau : 10 x 3 1 3(x 2 2)
Bi ton 3. (V Vn Bc, Thch thc trn Math Forum) Gii phng trnh sau
x 9 10 3
20 6x
3
64
1
3
3
8a 1
8b 1
8c 3 1
Bi ton 5. (Chuyn Ton Tin KHTN nm 1991)
Hy tm nghim nguyn dng ca phng trnh sau : 7 x 3.2 y 1
Bi ton 6. (Chuyn Ton Nguyn Tri Hi Dng nm 1997) Xt cc s a, b, c tha
1997 a, b, c 1998 chng minh bt ng thc sau
a b b c c a 1
1
c
a
b
1998
1997
3 x 5 8 x 3 36 x 2 53 x 25
Cu I.
1) Gii phng trnh : 14 x 35 6 x 1 84 x 2 36x 35
2) Chng minh rng :
1
3
2n 1
n2
..........
4 14 4 34
4 (2n 1)4 4n 2 1
Cu II.
1) Tm s nguyn dng n sao cho tt c cc s n 1, n 7, n 13, n 17, n 25, n 37
u l cc s nguyn t.
2) Mi ln cho php thay th cp s (a, b) thuc tp hp M (16, 2);(4, 32);(6, 62);(78, 8)
bng cp s (a c, b d ) trong cp s (c, d ) cng thuc tp hp M.
Hi sau mt s hu hn ln thay th ta c th nhn c tp hp cc cp
s M 1 (2018, 702);(844, 2014);(1056, 2176);(2240, 912) hay khng.
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Bin son V Vn Bc
Cu III.
Hai ng trn (O) v (O') ct nhau ti hai im A v B.Trn ng thng AB ta ly mt im M
bt k sao cho im A nm trong on BM ( M khc A ).T im M k ti ng trn (O') cc tip
tuyn MC, MD vi C v D l tip im , C nm ngoi (O).ng thng AC ct ln th hai ng
(O) ti im P v ng thng AD ct ln th hai ng (O) ti im Q. ng thng CD ct PQ
ti K.
1. Chng minh hai tam gic BCD v BPQ ng dng.
2. Chng minh rng khi M thay i th ng trn ngoi tip tam gic KCP lun
i qua mt im c nh.
Cu IV.
Gi s x, y, z l nhng s thc tha mn iu kin 0 x, y, z 2; x y z 3
Tm gi tr nh nht v gi tr ln nht ca biu thc
B x 4 y 4 z 4 12(1 x )(1 y )(1 z )
THI TH VO LP 10 NM 2011
Cu 1. (2.5 im)
x
2 x
3x 9
Cho P
,x 0& x 9
x 3
x 3 x 9
a) Rt gn P
b) Tm gi tr ca x P
1
3
c) Tm GTLN ca P
Cu 2. (2.5 im) Gii bi ton bng cch lp phng trnh
Mt mnh t hnh ch nht c di ng cho l 13m v chiu di ln hn chiu rng l 7m.
Tnh chiu di v chiu rng ca mnh t .
Cu 3. (1.0 im)
Cho parabol ( P ) : y x 2 v ng thng (d ) : y mx 1
a) Chng minh rng vi mi m th (d) lun ct (P) ti 2 im phn bit.
b) Gi x1 , x2 l cc honh giao im ca (d) v (P). Tm gi tr ca m x12 x2 x2 2 x1 x1 x2 3
Cu 4. (3.5 im)
Cho (O, R) ng knh AB = 2R v im C thuc ng trn (C khc A v B) ; D thuc dy BC
(D khc B v C). Tia AD ct cung nh BC ti E, tia AC ct BE ti F.
a) Chng minh t gic FCDE ni tip
b) Chng minh : DA.DE = DB.DC
c) Chng minh CFD = OCB. Gi I l tm ng trn ngoi tip t gic FCDE chng minh IC l
tip tuyn ca (O).
d) Cho bit DF = R chng minh tan AFB = 2.
Cu 5. (0.5 im) Gii phng trnh : x 2 4 x 7 ( x 4) x 2 7
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