Prepared by: Altaf Ahmed Sheikh CSS2011

INTERNATIONAL LAW
STUDY PLAN ACCORDING TO ANALYSIS OF PAST PAPERS
STUDY AREA I : NATURE, OBJECT, PURPOSE, BASIS AND SOURCES OF
INTERNATIONAL LAW
2010 Give such a definition of International Law which could cover all the modern
trends in it?
2008 John Austin says International Law is not a real Law, but a positive International
Morality. Do you agree with him? Give arguments in support of your answer.
2007 "In the absence of any form of international legislature of democratic states,
international law was said to be based upon the consent of the states upon their individual
acceptance of its principles and rules." Discuss.
2006 International Law is a Law regulating the rights and duties of states and creating
no rights and imposing no duties on individuals. Do you agree with this statement? Why
or why not? Argue.
2005 Define International Law. Do you agree with John Austins concept International
Law is not a true law, but a positive international morality? Elaborate your answer with
appropriate arguments.
2005 What are the sources of International Law? Discuss any two of them in detail.
2001 Explain in detail the object, purpose and basis of international law.
AREA OF FOCUS

Various definitions of International Law

International Law is positive International Morality. (John Austin). Discuss.
Object, purpose and basis of international law.
Sources of International law.

STUDY AREA II: INDIVIDUAL AND STATE AS SUBJECTS OF

INTERNATIONAL LAW (SECESSION, SOVEREIGNTY, RECOGNITION,
TERRITORY, JURISDICTION, NATIONALITY, ETC)
2010 Discuss various modes of Acquisition of Territorial Sovereignty by the states
acknowledged in International Law.
2010 What is meant by 'Subjects of International Law'? Justify Individuals as the
subject of International Law by giving appropriate examples.
2010 Define Recognition. Differentiate between Defacto and Dejure Recognition.
2009 Define State jurisdiction and explain how domestic jurisdiction can be limited by
and reduced by principles of International Law?
2009 Territory is undoubtedly the basic character of a state as well as widely accepted
elaborate with reference to exclusive rights of states on Land and Air territory.
2009 Define International personality and discuss various entities as International Legal
person.
2008 Discuss Recognition. Differentiate between de-jure and de-facto recognition.
What are the disabilities of an unrecognized state?
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2008 Briefly and precisely define SUBJECTS International Law. Do you agree that
INDIVIDUALS can be considered as subjects of International Law? Give appropriate
examples in this regard.
2007 Explain the various modes of acquiring and losing NATIONALITY. What is
DOUBLE NATIONALITY and STATELESSNESS?
2007 "What is meant by RECOGNITION of STATES as a member of FAMILY of
NATIONS? State the different modes of such recognition.
2005 What does Subjects of international law mean? Discuss individuals as subjects of
International Law. Elaborate your answer with the appropriate examples.
2003 Describe the legal nature of recognition of states, with particular reference to
difference between defacto and Dejure recognition.
2003 Discuss the term State jurisdiction with reference to
(a) Maritime belt
(b) Port
(c) Foreigners
(d) Floating island
2002 Explain the various modes of acquiring and losing nationality. What is double
Nationality and Statelessness?
2000 What do you understand by 'Recognition of States' and 'Recognition of
Governments? Explain fully the distinction between Recognition Dejure and
Recognition Defacto.
AREA OF FOCUS

Subjects of International Law

Recognition and its types.
Jurisdiction and limitations
Nationality, Double Nationality

STUDY AREA III: RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF STATE, STATE NEUTRALITY,

QUASI NEUTRALITY, DISPLOMATIC RELATIONS, ASYLUM, IMMUNITY,
EXTRADITION
2010 Discuss the concept of Neutralization. How is it done? Explain the Rights, Duties
and Guarantees given to a neutralized state.
2009 Describe Importance of diplomacy in interstate relations and discuss the concept
of diplomacy and immunity?
2008 Give precise definition of Extradition. Write a comprehensive essay on
extradition by covering all its aspects.
2008 Differentiate between Territorial and Extra-Territorial Asylum. Under which
circumstances an Embassy or Consulate can offer asylum to a fugitive/offender of the
territorial State?

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2006 Discuss the liability of the following:
a) The ambassador of the Republic of Brondasia in Islamabad murders a Pakistani out of
sudden provocation.
b) The wife of the Brondasian ambassador bought cosmetics worth Rs.1000,000 from a
local departmental store, refused to pay and went away to her embassy.
c) A Pakistani friend of the Brondasian ambassador has murdered a Brondasian employee
of the embassy.
2006 A Pakistani citizen working in the embassy of a foreign country in Islamabad, has
committed an offence against another Pakistani citizen. The Pakistani police want to
arrest such person. However, the ambassador is refusing to handover the accused to the
police with the plea that the accused has a diplomatic immunity. Do you agree with the
pleas of the ambassador? Why or why not?
2005 Differentiate between Neutralized and Neutral States. Discuss the rights and
duties of a neutral state.
2005 Discuss the concept of extradition. Explain main principles of extradition. Discuss
also the crimes exempted from extradition.
2004 Fully explain the duties of a Sovereign State with special reference to:
(a) Not to interfere in the domestic affairs of another state
(b) To refrain from use of threat of use force against another state
2003 State the various kinds and classes of diplomatic agents and mention their
privileges and immunities.
2002 State immunity has become a mere fiction which the law can do with out. The
principle is gradually withering away, a process already under way and constantly
gaining momentum. Do you agree? Give reasons in support of your answer.
2001 Define nationality. What are neutral and neutralized states?
AREA OF FOCUS

Rights and Duties of a sovereign state

Neutral and Neutralized states
Importance of diplomatic relations
Immunity of a diplomat
Extradition

STUDY AREA IV: LAW OF SEA, MARITIME HIGHWAYS, CANALS

2008 Define High Seas. Explain the concept of Freedom of High Seas along-with
restrictions over it.
2006 Discuss the extent to which a state can claim jurisdiction over the high seas in war
and peace. Is an appropriation by a state of the underwater soil allowed in International
Law?
2003 Describe international rivers. State the principles of law, regulating the use of
water and navigation in international rivers.
2001 - Write short notes on any three of the following in the light of convention on the
law of sea 1982 and our maritime zone act of 1976. You must discuss the nature of
jurisdiction, right and duties.
(a) Internal Waters
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(b) Continental Shelf
(c) Territorial Waters
(d) Land-locked State
(e) EEZ
2001 Write a comprehensive note on international rivers and international canal.
AREA OF FOCUS
High seas, International Waters Claims and Jurisdiction
Landlocked zones
Law/regulations governing International Waters
STUDY AREA V: INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES, HIJACKING,
INTERVENTION
2010, 2008, 2005, 2004, 2002 Discuss in detail amicable means for settlement of
international disputes.
2006 Whatever the morality of intervention, states have no right under International
Law to intervene on the territory of other states in order to prevent alleged crimes against
humanity or to uphold human rights norms. Discuss.
2004 Define Blockade. What are the essentials of real and binding Blockade? What
does it terminate? Refer to leading cases.
2004 The frequent Interventions have challenged the validity of some of fundamental
principles of International Law. What are those principles? Discuss in the light of
interventions in Afghanistan and Iraq by the super-powers.
2004 Explain how the problem of Hijacking has been dealt with under the International
Law?
AREA OF FOCUS
Ways of resolving International disputes.
Blockade
Intervention
STUDY AREA VI: INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (UNO, ICJ, ILO),
TREATIES, CONVENTIONS, AGREEMENTS
2010 Keeping in view the objectives of the charter seeking to establish a mechanism of
peace and security how far has United Nations succeeded in confronting changes in
Global society?
2009 How far has the United Nation succeeded in developing a comprehensive system
of Human Rights protection? Can emphasis on social justice and Human rights lead to a
stable International Order?
2007 What is "VETO?" How, when and by whom it is used?

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2007 Coercion against a state renders a Treaty invalid. Discuss main features of the
principles. Also elaborate TWO other methods of rendering invalid the consent of a State
to be bound by a treaty.
2007 State and discuss in brief the various steps mentioned by STARKE in the creation
of legal obligation by a treaty.
2006 Describe the functions of a Prize Court. What law does it administer?
2004 How are Prisoners of war to be treated under International Law? Explain with
reference to various conventions.
2003 What is veto? How, when and by whom is used?
2003 State and discuss in brief the various steps mentioned by Starke in the creation of
legal obligation by a treaty.
2002 Coercion against a state renders a treaty invalid. Discuss main features of the
principle. Also elaborate two other methods of rendering invalid the consent of a state to
be bound by a treaty.
2002 What do you understand by international institutions? Discuss their status and
functions as subject of international law.
2001 The jurisdiction of international court of justice depends on the consent of the
parties concerned. Discuss.
2001 Discuss Kashmir dispute in the light of

Right of self determination

UN Security Council resolution
Non interference in internal affairs
legal status of election in Kashmir
Simla agreement

2000 Critically examine the powers and the voting procedure of the U.N. Security
Council.
2000 - Write a detailed note on the International-court of Justice with particular reference
to its powers to exercise jurisdiction over disputant states.
2000 Define a Treaty. State how are they concluded and terminated?- Explain it in the
light of Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969.
AREA OF FOCUS

International Institutions History, Role

United Nations (UNSC, VETO)
Treaty Its legal binding, validity
Prisoners of War- Their status and treatment
Kashmir dispute Legal status, history, conventions, solutions.

STUDY AREA VII: MOST IMPORTANT CASES

2004 Enumerate the principles of International Law involved in the decision of Corfu
Channel Case. Assess the impact that decision on the growth and development of
International Law.
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Prepared by: Altaf Ahmed Sheikh CSS2011

2001 Enumerates with short explanation the main principles discussed in any two of the
following cases.
1. Lotus case
2. Clarence Thomas and Anita hill case
3. American diplomat case
AREA OF FOCUS

Lotus Case
Clarence Thomas and Anita Hill Case
American Diplomat Case
Corfu Channel Case
Scotia Case

MISCELLANEOUS
2010 Give an account of the efforts of international community to protect the civilian
population from the effects of war.
2009 How far do you think that International Law is based on common consent of
States? Evaluate importance of customary law and treaty law as binding in this regard
2006 What is the duty of other states in case of internal revolt in an independent state?
Can they help the rebels? Under what circumstances recognition may be accorded to the
rebels?
2000 Explain the rules which govern the application of International Law by
Municipal Courts. Give your answer in the light of the court practice with special
reference to the British and American Courts.
SHORT NOTES
2010
2009
2008
2007 Write short notes on:
(a) universal declaration of human rights
(b) international court of justice
(c) international boundaries
(d) extradition
(e) neutrality
2006
2005 Write short notes on any two of the followings:
a) Continental Shelf
b) Rights of Prisoners of War
c) Scotia Case
2004
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2003 Write short notes
(a) Double nationality
(b) De facto recognition
(c) International boundaries
(d) Extradition
(e) Neutrality
2002 Write short note on any four.
(a) Territorial waters
(b) Monroes doctrine
(c) Equality of states
(d) Doctrine of Postliminium
(e) Prize courts
(f) Continuous voyage
2002 Write short notes on any four of the following.
(a) Kellogg Briand Pact 1928
(b) The Geneva Convention 1929
(c) Pacta Sunt Servanda
(d) Protectorate
(e) State servitude
2001
2000 Write short notes on any FOUR of the following:
(a) High Seas (b) Nationality
(c) High jacking (d) Intervention
(e) Chorzow Factory case, Germany V. Poland (1928) , P.C.I.J. Rep. Ser. A, No.17
2000 - Write short notes on any FOUR of the following:
(a) Human Rights (b) Exclusive Economic Zone
(c) Calvo Clause (d) Blockade
(e) Corfu Channel Case, U.K.V. Albania(1948), I.C.J. Rep. 1949.

Wish You Good Luck!

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