Formula Masses

Formula mass or formula weight- the sum of the atomic masses of

all the atoms in the formula unit.
Treat the formula like an algebra expression. The mass unit for
individual atoms or molecules is amu.
Also called Molecular mass or Molecular formula
For ionic compounds its called Formula mass, e.g NaCl; NaNO 3
Example

Ni(ClO2)2

start inside parentheses

)ClO2-(

multiply each atom's mass by its

subscript

Cl = 35.5 *1 and O2 =
16.0*2

get the sum inside parentheses

)35.5 + 32.0 = ()ClO2(

67.5=

multiply by subscript that follows

parentheses

add mass of additional element(s)

Nickel chlorite

= 67.5*2 =)ClO2(
135.0
Ni = 58.7

Ni(ClO2)2 = 58.7 +
135.0
= 193.7 amu

Example 1

Percent Composition (by mass)

Apply the formula% x = (mass of x / total mass) * 100%

Example 2

The Mole
The mole is the fundamental measure of quantity to
substance (abbreviated mol).
Avogadros number 6.0221367 x 1023 things
Mole defined as number of 12C atoms in exactly 12 g of
12
C, equal to 6.02 x 1023 particles
One mole of a substance contains 6.02 x 1023 particles of
that substance.
Molar mass (MM) is the mass of one mole of a
substance units g/mol .
1 amu = 1.66 x 10-23 g

Example 3

Example 4

The Chemical Formula for a compound gives the ratio of atoms of

each element in the compound to atoms of every other element in
.the compound
Also it gives the ratio of moles of atoms of each element in the
compound to moles of atoms of every other element in the
compound.
Example:
H2O
has 2 atoms of H for every atom of O
Also has 2 mol of H for every mol of O atom

Example 5

Empirical Formula
Is a formula that gives the lowest whole-number ratio of
atoms of all the elements.
For example:
The empirical formula of the simple sugar fructose,
C6H12O6 is CH2O
So the ratio of C: H : O atoms in the formula is 1 : 2 : 1

Example 6