AnalyzethefrequencyandstrengthofsoundinAndroid

1Purpose
Inordertogetthedistancebetweentwophones,onemethodistoletthephone
generate high frequency tone and the other one detect the signal strength of the
sound in the specific frequency range. In our experiment we use two android
phones to generate high frequency (>15500Hz) sound and get it so that its
frequencyandstrengthcanbeanalyzed.

2Generatesoundinspecificfrequency
AudioTrack class allows to stream PCM audio buffers to the audio hardware for
playback.Sohereweuseittogeneratethehighfrequencysound.Accordingtothe
theory of Nyquist Frequency (Fmax = SampleRate / 2), we use 44100Hz as the
sampleratesothatlaterwecanhaveabandfrom0to22050Hz.

// construct audio stream in 16bit format with sample rate of 44100Hz

int minSize = AudioTrack.getMinBufferSize(sampleRate, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_CONFIGURATION_MONO,
AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT);
AudioTrack track = new AudioTrack(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC,
sampleRate, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_CONFIGURATION_MONO,
AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT, minSize,
AudioTrack.MODE_STREAM);
...
//use formula to get the wave data in specific frequency (15500Hz)
void genTone(){
int angle = 0;
int increment = 2 * Math.PI * freqOfTone / sampleRate; // angular increment
for (int i = 0; i < sample.length; i++) {
sample[i] = Math.sin(angle) * Short.MAX_VALUE;
angle += increment;
}
track.write(sample, 0, sample.length); // write data to audio hardware
track.play();
// play an AudioTrack
}

3Getsoundfrommicrophone
AudioRecord class records data from the audio input hardware. In order to get
thecorrectdata,thesamplerateforrecordingshouldbethesameasthatofinput
radio.
// construct AudioRecord to record audio from microphone with sample rate of 44100Hz
int minSize = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(sampleRate,AudioFormat.
CHANNEL_CONFIGURATION_MONO,
AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT);
AudioRecord audioInput = new AudioRecord(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC, sampleRate,
AudioFormat.CHANNEL_CONFIGURATION_MONO,
AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT);
minSize);
...
short[] buffer = new short[readSize];
audioInput.startRecording();
audioInput.read(buffer, index, readSize); // record data from mic into buffer

4AnalyzethefrequencyandstrengthbyusingFFT
The data in the buffer from read() are digital signals of the sound which is
sampled every 22us ( 1/44100Hz). In order to plot the frequency spectrum, we
needFFT(FastFourierTransform)toprocessthedata.
FFTisaneffectivealgorithmtoconvertsignalsfromtimeorspacedomaintothe
frequencydomain.TheinputofFFTisacomplexvectorandweusethedatainthe
bufferasitsrealpartand0asitsimagepart.Theoutputofthealgorithmreturnsa
complex array. Then we calculate the absolute value of the array and plot the
frequency spectrum with spectrum bars, each of which contains the
magnitude(energy)ofafrequencyrange.Saysamplerateis44100Hzandthebuffer
sizeis4096.Thenafrequencyrangeof22050Hzisequallysplitinto2048barsand
eachbaris22050/204810.77Hzwidewhichisalsocalledfrequencyresolution.
InordertogetthestrengthindBunit,wecanfirstcalculatethesumofthedata
and the sum of the squared values. Then use the formula (squaredsum
sum*sum/number)/number and conversion of log10() to get the power value. In
the application we use the user interface provided by moonblink and Fig 1 shows
somescreenshots.Theleftpartshowsthenormalsituationandtherightoneisgot
whentheotherphonenearbygeneratesatonewithfrequencyof1000Hz.

(a)

(b)
Figure1.Frequencyspectrumandstrengthvalue

5Unsolvedproblem

Right now we get some obstruction to get the pitch in the specific high frequency
sincemicrophoneofNexusOnefiltersoutthehighfrequencytoneandcannotpickit
up. We looked up the technical specifications and the detailed frequency range is
stillunknown.

Reference:
[1]http://developer.android.com/index.html
[2]ExamplesofAudioRecord
http://code.google.com/p/moonblink/wiki/Audalyzer
[3]IntroductionofFFT http://www.vlf.it/fft_beginners/fft_beginners.html
[4]FFTsourcecode
http://www.cs.princeton.edu/introcs/97data/FFT.java
[5]ExamplesofAudioTrack
http://apistudios.com/hosted/marzec/badlogic/wordpress/?p=228