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© Ncert Not To Be Republished: G G G G G
GRAVITATION
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10.1 Gravitation
132
Mm
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F = G
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bl
More to know
Tangent to a circle
(10.2)
M m
d2
or, F = G
Mm
d
(10.3)
(10.4)
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GRAVITATION
133
(10.5)
F =G
6.7 10
11
Mm
d2
N m2 kg -2
(3.84 10 m )
= 2.01 1020 N.
uestions
10.1.2 I MPORTANCE
OF THE UNIVERSAL
LAW OF GRAVITATION
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More to know
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134
Take a stone.
Throw it upwards.
It reaches a certain height and then it
starts falling down.
M
R
6.7 1 0
-11
-2
N m kg
6 10
(6.4 1 06 m)2
24
kg
bl
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g = G
he
= 9.8 m s2.
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g= G
(10.7)
M m
R
g=G
(10.8)
(10.9)
INFLUENCE O F GRAVITATIONAL
or
10.2.2 M OTION
Thus,
(i) its speed on striking the ground
= 5 m s1
(ii) its average speed during the 0.5 s
= 2.5 m s1
(iii) height of the ledge from the ground
= 1.25 m.
(10.11)
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(10.12)
bl
1 2
at
2
v2 = u2 + 2as
s = ut +
u +v
2
= (0 m s1+ 5 m s 1)/2
= 2.5 m s1
(iii) distance travelled, s = a t2
= 10 m s2 (0.5 s)2
= 10 m s2 0.25 s2
= 1.25 m
he
Solution:
Time, t = second
Initial velocity, u = 0 m s1
Acceleration due to gravity, g = 10 m s2
Acceleration of the car, a = + 10 m s2
(downward)
(i) speed
v = at
v = 10 m s2 0.5 s
= 5 m s1
136
Solution:
Distance travelled, s = 10 m
Final velocity, v = 0 m s1
Acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.8 m s2
Acceleration of the object, a = 9.8 m s2
(upward motion)
(i)
v 2 = u2 + 2a s
0 = u 2 + 2 (9.8 m s2) 10 m
u 2 = 2 9.8 10 m 2 s2
(ii)
u = 19 6 m s-1
u = 14 m s-1
v=u +a t
0 = 14 m s1 9.8 m s2 t
t = 1.43 s.
Thus,
(i)
Initial velocity, u = 14 m s 1, and
(ii)
Time taken, t = 1.43 s.
uestions
SCIENCE
Mm
R
m
2
m
Wm
(10.16)
Table 10.1
Celestial
body
Mass (kg)
Radius (m)
Earth
5.98
1024
6.37
106
Moon
7.36
1022
1.74
106
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10.4 Weight
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10.3 Mass
M m
R2
(10.17)
Wm
7.36 1022 kg
6
1.74 10 m
m
2
2.431 1010 G m
(10.18a)
2.431 1010
1.474 1011
Wm
1
or W = 0.165 6
e
(10.19)
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Wm =
he
Mass, m = 10 kg
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Solution:
bl
= 1.67 N.
Thus, the weight of object on the
surface of the moon would be 1.67 N.
uestions
1
th its weight on the
6
earth?
thrust
area
(10.20)
he
= 2450 N m-2.
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Solution:
is
Pressure =
bl
Fig. 10.4
GRAVITATION
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10.5.2 BUOYANCY
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(a)
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uestions
GRAVITATION
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Density of a substance
Density of water
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142
Solution:
Density of silver
= Density of water
Density of silver
= Relative density of silver
density of water
= 10.8 103 kg m 3.
SCIENCE
What
you have
learnt
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E xercises
GRAVITATION
143
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13.
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14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
144
SCIENCE
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GRAVITATION
145