ENGINEERING QUICK REFERENCE CARD

For On-Plot Piping: ASME B31.3

PD
t=
2( SE + PY )

tmin= t /0.875
P=

1.75t nom SE
D 1.75t nom Y

Y = 0.4 For CS & SS < 900OF

S = 20,000 psig For Grade B
E = 1.00 For Smls, 0.85 ERW or 0.95 SAW
P = Design Pressure, psig
D = Outside Diameter, inch
tmin = Min Thick Requd, inch
tnom = Nominal Thick, inch
t = Calculated Thick, inch
For Off-Plot Piping: ASME B31.4
PD
t=
2 DF SMYS
P=

2t D F SMSY
D

Grade
B
X42
X52
X60

SMYS
35,000
42,000
52,000
60,000

Notes:
E, for off-plot piping, is not included as it equals 1.00 for all welded or
seamless pipe used by Saudi ARAMCO.
Mill tol. is not subtracted for off-plot piping.
DF (Design Factor) SAES-L-003 unless otherwise noted.
(Location Class defined in ASME B31.8 & SAES B-064)
Location Class 1 (Cross Country Piping)
0.72
Location Class 2 , (Highways)
0.60
field manifolds, jumpovers, scrapers
0.60
Subkha or tidal flats
0.60
Location Class 3 (440 m of SSD fence)
0.50
Well head manifolds (Oil/SWD/PWI)
0.50 SAES-L-022
Location Class 4 (500 m of residences)
0.40
Threaded Piping
1) Minimum thread engagement (SAES-L-010)
Nominal Pipe Size
&
1 to 1
2 to 3*
4*
Min. Number of Threads Engaged
6
7
8
10
*Max. threaded connection size in hazardous service is 1. Larger
sizes are restricted to air and utility water.
2) Seal weld all threaded connections in hazardous service. INSP to
visually check all seal welds under op. press.
3) Do not seal weld:
a) Thermowells
b) Plugs
c) Union couplings
d) Instr. piping downstream of root valve
e) Downstream of root valve discharging to gravity sewer.

Instrument Tubing
PD
Tmin = 1.125 x
2S

S =16,700 (316L SS)

=16,500 (Monel)
D = tube OD (usually 0.500 in.)

Welded Piping SAES-L-010

Pipes to be welded should have a thickness ratio of 1.5 or less. This
includes matching pipe of a lower grade. For ratios greater than 1.5, a
transition piece should be used.
Stress Relief

Hydrostatic Pressure Calculations SAES-L-056

Lower of:
1) Flange Limit
2) 90% Yield (Use off-plot piping formula with DF=0.90)
a) for on-plot piping, t = 0.875tnom
b) for off-plot piping t = tnom
3) Revalidation of existing piping only, use Code requirements:
a) On-plot piping, Phydro = 1.5 x MAOP (ANSI B31.3)
b) Off-plot piping, Phydro = 1.25 x MAOP (SAES-L-056)
MAOP = 1200 psig for Ghawar Field wells (SAES-L-022)
c) Oil well head manifolds, Phydro = 1.4 x MAOP
(ASME
B31.8, Loc. Class 3)
d) Water well head manifolds, Phydro = 1.25 x MAOP
(ASME B31.8, Loc. Class 1)
MAOP = 3000 psig (oil & water inj. wells)

On-Plot Welds " do not require stress relief. ANSI B.31.3

Off Plot Welds 1 do not require stress relief. ANSI B.31.4
Welds 1-1 do not require stress relief if a min. preheat temp. of
200 F is used.

Notes:
Item #3 must always be met or exceeded by Items 1 & 2.
Do not use item #3 above for limiting testing pressures for new piping
or new spools.
Do not inspect a line under hydrotest. Lower the pressure to MAOP
after the hydrotest to inspect for leaks.

Restriction Orifice Sizing

Mill Tolerances for Wall Thickness (API 5L Table 9)

Liquids (d/D<0.3)

Pipe Size
2
3-18
20
20

Q=gpm
d=bore (in)
Px 2.31
H=ft liquid
P=psid
sg
Line Sizing (Single phase) Chemical Engineering Rules of Thumb
Liquid: Size pipe for velocity of 5+D/3 ft/s or 2.0 psi/100 ft
Pump Suction: Size for 1.3+D/6 ft/s, 0.4 psi/100 ft
Max. Liquid Velocity CS lines/HC service = 4.6 m/s SAES-L-032

Type
All
All
Welded
Smls

Grade B
+20.0% -12.5%
+15.0
-12.5
+17.5
-12.5
+15.0
-12.5

X42 & Higher

+15.0% -12.5%
+15.0
-12.5
+19.5
-8.0
+17.5
-10.0

Flange & Valve Pressures (for CS flanges A-105, A-350 LF2)

ANSI Class MAWP.*
Hydro Press.
Valve Seat
Group 1.1
(psig)
(psig)
Test P
(psig)
150
285
450
315
300
740
1125
815
600
1480
2225
1630
800+
1975
2975
2175
900
2220
3350
2445
1500
3705
5575
4075
2500
6170
9275
6790
API 6A
14
16
3000
3000
6000
4500
3000
5000
5000
10,000
10,000
5000
10,000
10,000
15,000
15,000
10,000
*Working Pressure at -20F to 100F. See ANSI B16.34 for other
temperature and material ratings. Other materials (eg stainless steels)
can also be found on the Hot Tap Manual, Attach #10.
+
API Standard 602

Minimum Wall
For on-plot piping, tmin = t/0.875 (B31.3)
For off-plot corroded pipelines, tmin = 0.9 t(calculated pressure design
thickness)
For off-plot isolated pitting, 0.2t< tmin <0.9t depending upon the
effective length (Lm) of the corrosion.
1) Use Sleeve97 to evaluate off-plot and on-plot corrosion.
2) SAEP-306 applies to corroded off-plot piping.
Dead Leg SAES-L-012
L>3D or L>1.22 m (L=length of dead leg, D= pipe OD)
A dead leg may be internally coated rather than removed.

Gas (P1>2P2)
W = 266d 2 P1

MW
Z1T1

W=lb/hr
P1= psia
Z=compress.
1=upstream

d=bore (in)
T1=R
R=F+460
2=dwnstream

Q = 12d 2 h
h=

Gas: Size for 20D ft/s, 0.5 psi/100ft where D=pipe size (inches)
Max. Gas Velocity = 18.3 m/s SAES-L-032
Volume of gas at T&P
PV=ZNRT
P=psia
V=cu. Ft
R=10.73
T=R=F+460
Z=compressibility factor
=0.97 HPPT gas
=0.98 LPPT gas
N=lb-moles (1 lb-mole=380 SCF gas)

Miscellaneous
Pumps
h( ft ) =
bhp =

P( psi ) x 2.31
sg

Q( gpm ) x P
where eff=pump efficiency
1715 x eff

Evaporation Rates From Pits (Bill Conners-CSD/Env. Engrg)

Winter 85 mm per month
Summer 295 mm per month
Overall Average 166 mm per month or
Pit size to be 1000 m2 per GPM water inflow
Electrical
I=amps
V=volts
I V Pf E
E=motor eff. (name plate or data sht)
HP = 3
746
0.90 for 480 V motors
0.95 for 4160V or 13.8 kV motors
Pf=power factor (name plate or data
sht) ave Pf 0.90

wc x Crude
Pr od . Water =
(1 wc )
Oil Shrinkage Factor = 0.96 (between GOSP & terminal storage)
(UOED/SGUOEU-080/94)
SCECO Power $0.0268/KW-Hr (UOED/SGUOEU-769/94)
Gas Value $0.73/MMBTU (HPPT gas = 1220 BTU/SCF)
Useful Engrg. Programs Found under J:\UOED\ENGR\
NAME
Orivalve 32

Isacv
Mconvert

Depth of Cover (SAES-L-046 is confusing)

Camel crossings
0.914m (3 ft)
Rig road crossings
1.524m (5 ft)
U/G piping0.450m (SAES-L-012)

Pipe Sizing

Materials
A-105 flanges 12 and smaller are acceptable in Class 150 & 300.
A-105 flanges 6 and smaller are acceptable in Class 600.
Otherwise use A-350 LF2, LF6 Cl 1 or 2, A-707 L3 or L5
Pipe for sour wet service to be seamless or meet 01-SAMSS-016.
Use CPCV for sweet water piping-not galv. pipe.

Hottap97
Sleeve97

Common Plant Paint Coating Systems

APCS
Common Usage
2A
Internal coating of all vessels and piping in water
service.
2B
Internal coating of drinking water tanks
3
External coal-tar epoxy coating of steel in immersion
service. (eg. Steel in the oil recovery pit)
4
Aluminum paint for structural steel or plant piping to.
80C
6
Structural steel for another color than aluminum to 70C
9
Battery room floors
10
External coating of buried concrete anchors or pipe
supports.
12
Steel and concrete floors
26
Maintenance coating over APCS-4 or 6 where surface
prep. is limited to hand/power tools. (Typically for
repainting equipment where sandblasting cannot be
used.)
100
Shop applied (Qahtani) internal baked epoxy pipe
coating
109
Tapewrap for flowlines to repair existing tape wrap
only.
113
Maintenance for external coating of pipelines such as
camel crossings and short lengths of buried pipe.

Remaining Life Calculation

Pr od . Water
Water Cut wc =
Crude + Pr od . Water

Headerx

Hydinhib
Justheat
Heatalyz
Rvalve
Thremxa
Crosby
Vliqhor
Vessel

DESCRIPTION
Control Valve Folder. Supercedes Oricalc2. Sizes
control valves, flow orifices & venturis, calculates
meter factors, size restriction orifices. Optimized
for GOSPs & WIPS
Sizes Control Valves For Fisher And Others (ISA).
An excellent program to convert any unit to
another.
Three programs for pipe sizing in excel including
three phase.
Under Pipe Sizing folder. Calculates backpressures in flare lines. Use to size flare and relief
lines.
Hottap calculations
Evaluate corroded piping, calculate sleeve
thickness for pressure and non-pressure
Calculation of hydrate points and inhibitor
treatments for gas lines
Piping heat loss with and without insulation
Economics of installing insulation
Sizes ISA relief valves
Sizes thermal relief valves
Sizes Crosby relief valves specifically
Calculates the volume of liquid by height in a
horizontal vessel
Calculates vessel weight

1)

The design pressure and pipe schedule can be found from the line
designation table for desalting or from the relief pressure and piping
specifications for gas gathering.

2)

The minimum wall is measured by INSP in millimeters. Convert to

Reading ( mm )
inches 25.4mm / in = Value( in ) .

3)

The pipe wall around the corrosion can be found from the corrosion
survey.

4)

Corrosion
Corrosion = original wall remaining corroded wall thickness.
Original wall
a)

Nominal wall or

b)

The nominal wall plus (positive)mill tolerance.

5)

Corrosion rate

assume corrosion started when piping was originally installed For

the oil side, assume corrosion started when desalting was installed.
(ie. No corrosion occurred when the GOSP was operating with zero
water cut)

assume all corrosion occurred over the past 5 years.

calculate three ways: original piping installation under both original

wall assumptions and the 5 year corrosion rate using nominal wall
only.

corrosion( in )

service life ( yr )

= in / yr

6)

tmin use ASME B31.3 (on-plot) or B31.4 (off-plot)

7)

Remaining Life (years) =

Corroded Wall Thickness tmin ( in )

Corrosion Rate in
yr

(Calculate for the three scenarios)

8)

Based on the remaining life table, what pipe should be replaced

during T&I or routine shutdown can be determined.

Note: The pipe should be replaced immediately if the remaining wall is

below the minimum wall. For off-plot piping, the minimum wall should
be as calculated for corroded pipelines as per SAEP-306.