Container Technology A-Z PDF

Container Technology A-Z
Container Architecture and ISBU Technology
___________________________
___________________________

___________________________
___________________________

___________________________
Using A DWB
This publication is a Digital Work Book (DWB) which is a digital publication designed by
GreenCube Publishing. It offers all features and usability of conventional "hard cover"
publications, but with digital technology features to maximize it's usefulness by the reader
and yet be more ecologically efficient.
A DWB offers some of the features of a PDF publication, but with more security and
flexibility than a traditional PDF or hard cover publication.
- The publication is locked to the Member website for instant upgrades and information
- Same copyright protection
- Maximum tracking of User locations
- Quick Search of publication database
- Printing of text for personal use
- Print only the pages you need. No paper waste
- Printing of photos and diagrams for personal use
- Make notations in DWB or PDF
- Save as PDF
- Version changes: Immediate access daily or weekly
- Questions and Comments access to staff
- FAQ updates: Immediate access
- A "Green" publication: No paper and no pollution from shipping
___________________________

___________________________
___________________________

___________________________
Legal Information
Container Technology A-Z 2010 by GreenCube Network, Inc. - V05.00
Adapted from ISBU Association research, members, and documents 2007-2010.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication can be reproduced or utilized
in any form, either by any electronic, digital, mechanical, or any other
means without the legally written consent of the publisher.
Additional copyrighted materials:
All photos and diagrams herein are the legal property of GreenCube Network
and ISBU Association unless otherwise noted as credits per photo, diagram or
or quotation.
Editing, commentary, graphics and diagrams by GreenCube Publishing staff.
GreenCube Publishing
2510 Warren Avenue
Suite 3347
Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA
307.222.4836
http://www.greencubepublishing.com
Digital Work Book (DWB) is an ecological publishing concept developed by the

GreenCube Publishing, division of the GreenCube Network.
___________________________

___________________________
___________________________

___________________________
Introduction
This publication is Version 5.0 of a compilation of many key container
manufacturers, distributors, builders, DIY builders, architects, engineers, building
inspectors, shipping companies, and leasing companies.
The information spans the research, interviews and experience from 2006 to
present. Much has been learned; so much has changed.
We have some terrific Corporate Members who have been key to assisting us with
information and people to interview.
We look forward to your participation. You questions and comment are another key
to the information this will contain as it grows each month and each year. Not
everyone may approve with what we present here because it some goes against
some strong misconceptions, however we believe we have interviewed enough
professionals and participated in significant hands-on to feel confident of the
contents of this BizGuide.
Thanks for your interest and support,
ISBU Association Staff
___________________________

___________________________
___________________________

___________________________
Understanding Shipping Containers & ISBU
A brief overview of the ISBU container industry and trends
In The Beginning (container architecture)
The only discussion and information here will be regarding the group of shipping
containers name "Dry" shipping containers; 20', 40', 45', etc. These are the more
commonly used containers which become ISBU modules for storage and
construction projects. Most other types, including the "Reefers" are not actually
suitable for building and construction purposes. The "Reefer", however is widely
used for refrigerated storage units, both temporary and permanent.
This is not meant to be a complete history of the "shipping container", rather a
brief commentary on the container itself and why there is so much confusion
regarding some of its design, architecture and frame construction. [See Shipping
Container History]
As with an automobile or most any other product there are design and structural
changes from year to year and decade to decade. Because the container is believed
to be an ISO standard few people realize it's structural variations over the years or
even since 2000.
Although containers are quite standard in frame and architecture since 2000, all
previous years from about 1974 were what is called "ISO/IMO Standard" also:
height, width, length, strength tests, inspection procedure, certification plates,
plate design, and markings.
The corrugation shapes, designs, and certain reinforcement areas can vary greatly
___________________________

___________________________
and cause much confusion with architects and designers. The most common
example maybe the side corrugation panels; some angled, and some squared.
Another common confusion is in the roof. Some have the raised oblong oval stamp
design while some of the older models are quite flat and have small crossmember
supports. Although more difficult to work with, even these older designs with
crossmembers in the roof meet the ISO standards.
The Surplus Myth
It may be somewhat shocking for an organization promoting the use of shipping

containers and ISBU type construction to make a comment that the "surplus hype"
of 2006 and 2007 was somewhat of a myth.
The reality is this. The "surplus concept" that was spread by the news media, "copy
& pasted" by numerous websites and certain other people and groups was greatly
over blown. We are thankful, however, since the hype and slight misinformation
has brought awareness to the use of one of the "greenest" and most versatile
"construction building blocks" in decades. ...thank God we were victims of this hype
too or the ISBU Association would not have been formed..
It was only in early 2008 as the ISBU Association began to really grow and become
better connected with shipping companies, distributors and building contractors,
that we fully began to realize most of the large stacks and stores of containers
around the ports in the U.S. and globally were standard and normal inventories
which were needed for the shipping trade to do business.
By mid 2008 the hype and cost of steel manufacturing virtually depleted all
inventories globally except for some slow moving "vintage" containers.
___________________________

___________________________
Yes, they are the perfect green housing, storage and construction building blocks:
100% recyclable, strong, sustainable, non-toxic and nearly indestructible, But
"surplus", excepting for some brief moments when the major shipping companies
and lease owners were retiring some old inventory and buying new, but there was
very little surplus anywhere.
Understanding The Stacks
Everything has inventory ready for use:

- Automobiles have stores of inventory in certain geographic areas to fill orders.
- Food and agriculture products have stores of inventory.
- Most businesses have inventories of boxes folded up and ready to fill and ship
orders.
But shipping containers are much larger, multicolored and less attractive so they
are more noticeable than other inventories. A thousand shipping containers must
be immediately available to fill surge orders. Therefore they must simply sit and
wait for weeks or months until factories and shippers are ready for that unexpected
surge.
Imagine if they were not sitting in the correct area when they were needed. How
many weeks would it take to get hundreds or thousands of containers to the
proper port or area? There needs to be a certain inventory in every port, city and
area so they can be available for shipping and transportation surges. That is not
surplus!
Most shipping companies and lease operators recycle and replace older containers
every 7-10 years. Because of that, there will be brief months of excess containers
available.
___________________________

___________________________
Whether new or used, all ISO shipping containers and ISBU are "green" and fully
recyclable.
ISO Standards vs. Trade Standards
The standards mentioned previously regarding container strength and size are
standards set by the ISO organization and International Maritime Organization.
Other standards that seem to be common features on shipping containers are
"manufacturer" or "trade" standards.
ISO/IMO Standards:
- Absolute height, width, length
- Absolute strength tests
- Inspection procedure
- Certification plates, design, and markings
Trade/Factory Standards:
- Corrugation, wall, roof, and floor designs
- Paints, primers, and coatings
- Sealants
- Flooring materials
- 40' flooring and "gooseneck reinforcement" designs
Example:
- Any roof or wall corrugation design may be used as long as it meets the ISO/IMO
strength test. The corrugation pattern can be "w", "v", square, round, oval, etc.
- Any flooring material may be used as long as it meets the ISO/IMO strength test.
___________________________

___________________________
The material may be plywood, apitong, birch, teak, mahogony, bamboo, metal,
HDPE plastics, or any composite (combination) thereof.
There are several variables in container construction as long as the strength tests
and dimensions are meeting the ISO/IMO specifications.
Trends: 2010
In 2008, 2009, and again in 2010, ISBU construction has become one the fastest
growing form of housing and storage construction in the U.S. and globally.
That seems to be a strong claim however it is supported by facts and statistics from
the U.S. Home Builders Association, government studies, environmental
organizations and our own experience since mid 2007.
Green construction is growing twice as fast as conventional construction, and the
increase in actual ISBU technology storage and construction units is growing even
faster.
In 2008 our ISBA Membership and sales of Educational materials grew a minimum
of 20% monthly with surges of 100% about every 3 months. ...it never declined even
in one week during all 2008.
Beginning New Years Day 2009 the ISBA Memberships and Educational Tool sales
exploded by 400% and has not declined any week in 2009 since it's explosion in
January. In January 2010 it is exactly 200% of 2009.
The "trend" is Green construction. The fastest growing Green construction globally
is ISBU based construction.
___________________________

___________________________
The building contractors and architects that are surviving right now are those
promoting ISBU technology. ...new construction; add on construction; storage
units.
In 2008 there were only about 100 ISBU homes or offices under construction. In
February 2009 we have very credible reports from our ISBA Members are already to
over 2000 units just in the U.S. alone. These are facts...
The use of ISBU modules for all uses has increased greatly in the past two months.
Not just housing, offices and cabins, but unique storage, mobile equipment
systems, expo and trade show booths, mobile food systems, food and agri-cellars,
etc. This economy has stimulated much creativity and interest toward the ISBU
technology application.
___________________________

___________________________
___________________________

___________________________
___________________________

___________________________
Mis-Information
Below are a few of most concerning concepts and myths.
Old Concepts, Myths, and New Technology
Possibly the most difficult part of ISBU construction is all the "bad" information out
there regarding them, their construction, and their modification procedures. There
are a mountain of books, news articles and internet blogs with absolutely
inaccurate information. The misinformation is not only costly but much of it is
actually quite dangerous.
We will name much of this information "Myths". One of the best definitions of the
word "myth" is: "Myths are stories that are based on tradition. Some may have
factual origins, while others are completely fictional or based on old beliefs,
research or technology".
Myth #1: Shipping containers become rusty old boxes.
Correction: These comments are usually based on extreme photos and sightings of
very old and poorly maintained and abused shipping containers.
- Any wood material can age and deteriorate prematurely when unprotected in
certain environments.
- Any concrete material can age and crumble prematurely when unprotected in
- Any stainless steel material can rust and corrode prematurely unprotected in
- Any metal or steel materials can rust and corrode prematurely when unprotected
in certain environments.
___________________________

___________________________
Fact:
Any unpainted piece of metal in a moist environment can rust and corrode.
However, most "rusty" containers we see are very old, abused, moist and
unpainted.
Although Corten (Cor-ten) steel is a tough and more durable steel, it too can be
abused and deteriorate prematurely especially when standing in water.
Generally, "Corten steel" is self healing and only "oxidizes" and not really rust or
corrode. Oxidation is often confused with rusting.
In a normal environment an unpainted, exposed piece of Corten steel with turn the
orange-red rusty color but never rust or corrode like normal steel.
When coated with an epoxy paint or coating a piece of Corten steel or shipping
container can have a near eternal life span.
When you see a standard shipping container used for transportation, you are
looking at a steel box that is moved, banged, scraped, seriously abused and often
times not re painted properly. Yes, it can rust and corrode very prematurely.
But when you take that same container for use as an ISBU storage or construction
module; prepare, primer, and coat it with an epoxy or elastomeric paint based
coating, it will not move, get banged, scraped, or abused like a transport container
does. Comparing the abuse of a shipping container surface to the surface of a non
movable ISBU is absolutely "apples and oranges".
___________________________

___________________________
Myth #2: Shipping containers are hot ovens.
Correction: Any un insulated cubical, shed or home can become a hot oven.
Yes, un-treated metal can absorb heat but when the proper blend of non-toxic
Ceramic spheres are added the the paint or coating of a shipping container, the
metal becomes even cooler in direct sun than wood or other materials. [See
Ceramic Coatings]
When insulated according to standard Building Codes, the temperature of an ISBU
will remain as stable as any other building or storage facility, especially if it is also
coated with the low cost Ceramic material.
Myth #3: Shipping containers can be buried underground because of their strength.
Correction: Absolutely! ...if done properly. But most people do not do this properly
in calculating the earth weight or ISBU structural loads and if done improperly can
be very dangerous. [See Cellars & Cold Storage]
Myth #4: Shipping containers are difficult to modify and work with.
Correction: Absolutely untrue! When cutting with a simple "Plasma Torch", a
normal person can cut, remove and modify a container easier and more accurately
than when cutting wood or sheet rock wall and ceilings.
Adding reinforce can be done with standard welding equipment, and adding
windows and doors to an ISBU is the the same as adding windows and doors to
conventional construction. You will either use a steel frame or wood frame.
Myth #5: Shipping containers can be crisscrossed and overlapped on top of each
other.
Correction: Caution! This is one of the most complicated and dangerous
___________________________

___________________________
construction designs you could ever attempt with an ISBU.
Yes, it "can" be done but crisscrossing and overlapping greatly increases the cost of
the project due to the need of reinforcement, engineering certifications and
compliance with local building codes makes these designs and use quite un-realistic.
This is not to be confused with the normal stacking of containers. This comment is
relating to the crisscross and overlapping of containers only, and they must be
properly reinforced. [See Basic Plans, Designs & Configurations]
Myth #6: Refrigerator shipping containers can be used in ISBU building
construction.
Correction: This is not necessarily correct and will not be attempted by an
experienced designer or builder.
The more common term for these are "Reefers". These refrigerated shipping
containers are very well made and designed for cooling or freezing. ...but only as
single, uncut units.
They are excellent for transport, temporary, or even permanent storage units. But
these should not be cut, modified, connected and integrated into other
construction. It is difficult, not cost effective, and will usually require additional
engineering expenses. Use in home/office construction is not recommended.
When used for single or multiple "refrigeration" units they can be an excellent
choice. Coating them with a Ceramic paint, or Ceramic additive to the paint is highly
recommended.
___________________________

___________________________
___________________________

___________________________
___________________________

___________________________
Understanding The Trade
Understanding the shipping container and ISBU trades
Container Manufacturers
A shipping container manufacturer is generally an independent factory producing

shipping containers for the shipping companies and fleet leasing operators. They
manufacture the containers to the color and specification of the shipping or fleet
operator, then add their logo; ...APL, Maersk, Zimm, K-Line, Textainer, etc.
Most large shipping companies and fleet leasing companies have their containers
made in China where about 90% of all shipping containers in the world are made.
CIMC has been the largest manufacturer in China since the early 2000's but in 2007
they began loosing much business to independents in both China and Thailand.
Even as late as the fourth quarter of 2008 the quality control issues with CIMC were
forcing customers to leave and support the small but better managed competition.
CIMC is a very large and well financed government corporation but their business
ethic and quality control has become a bigger issue than bottom line pricing.
A few companies such as Maersk and Hanjin have began their own factories to
produce the main 20' and 40' containers. Foreign owned companies such as FlexBox have become very successful as ISBU manufacturers due to the fact they are
European owned even though they manufacture in China. We think this trend
toward smaller independent factories will continue for some time to come.
___________________________

___________________________
Although a few containers are manufactured in Thailand and Europe, China will no
doubt remain the hub of all container manufacturing and ship building for many
decades due to the lower cost of steel production and steel recycling.
We must note: Even though the shipping companies and fleet owners all use
virtually the same factories, each company has it's own particular designs and
specifications not just the unique colors or logo.
Although "all" companies manufacture to the minimum ISO/IMO standards these
shipping companies and fleet owners specify certain reinforcements, flooring,
paints, coatings and corrugation designs they feel are better for wear and
longevity. "All" shipping containers and ISBU must comply with the minimum
ISO/IMO standards
but some companies wish to exceed the standards for maintenance and marketing
reasons.
Shipping Companies
It's important to understand the layers and levels of ownership and distribution in
the ISBU/shipping container industry. The Shipping companies are not the only
manufacturers and owners of shipping containers.
A shipping company is the actually shipper and ship owner. These are companies
such as K-Line, Hanjin, Zim, Maersk, Evergreen, Hyundai, Cosco, OOCL, etc.
They have their containers made to their own specification then ship them,
maintain them, lease them and then sell them when the time is right.
___________________________

___________________________
When is the time right? It really depends. Sometimes the time is when a container is
7 years old; sometimes it's when they have too many containers in a certain port;
sometimes it's only after one trip to an inland destination and the cost of returning
it to a port isn't feasible.
Shipping companies may sell their used containers directly, however they prefer to
sell to equipment dealers who will buy them in quantities of hundreds or thousands
at a time.
NOTE: In the shipping industry the term for shipping containers and ISBU is
"equipment". Example: Container Equipment Dealers
Fleet Owners
A fleet owner can be either a Shipping company or a Container lessor.

Container Lessors
Most people don't realize the role of Container lessors.

These are usually very large companies who manufacture containers just like a
shipping company, then either lease them out or sell them. There customers are
shipping companies and sometimes large factories.
Just as a shipping company, the Container lessors may retire their containers in 7
years or whenever they have a surplus in a certain area. Container lessors are
companies such as Amficon, CAI, Cronos, Flexi-Van, Florens, GE Seaco, Gold,
Seacastle, Textainer, Trac, Tal, and Triton.
___________________________

___________________________
About 50% of the worlds shipping containers are owned by Container lessors.
Container leasing companies are seldom known sources for larger quantities of
shipping containers.
Depots
The "Depot" has many functions. The depots are in every country and port globally
and they do work for most all the Shipping companies and Container lessors. They
might be considered the "truck stops" of the shipping industry.
A depot is where a shipping container is repaired, maintained, inspected and and
often recycled.
A depot is often a good source for container parts and older shipping containers
that the shipping companies and leasing companies no longer want. Depots sell
many different grades and qualities of shipping containers and also can sell newer,
good quality containers just like Equipment dealers.
Depots are owned by:
- shipping companies
- some are owned by Container lessors
- some depots such as ConGlobal are independently owned and do contract work
for many other global companies.
Container Equipment Dealers (ISBU Dealers)
The term "equipment" does not necessarily mean parts or accessories, but
generally means the shipping container itself. The trade term for a shipping
container or ISBU is called "equipment".
___________________________

___________________________
An equipment dealer can be a Shipping company or Container lessor or an
independent equipment dealer. All of these type sources can offer solutions for
someone buying containers.
Virtually all Shipping companies and Container lessors have their own separate
Equipment sales divisions. Some of these companies have exclusive distributors
which sell and distribute their new and used equipment which includes shipping
containers and ISBU.
There can be many distribution levels of containers and ISBU just as with cars or any other
product. Most container equipment dealers sell 1000 or more annually.
___________________________

___________________________
___________________________

___________________________
ISBU Technologies
The number of ISBU technologies are endless. Below are a few of the most popular ISBU
technologies
GreenCubes
The name GreenCube has become a copyrighted name and trademark of the ISBU
Association. It presently represents an overall concept of the ISBU container
technology.
The name exemplifies the unique ability of an ISBU to be a nucleus of various
"Green" construction technologies.
EnergyCubes
The name EnergyCube has become a copyrighted name and trademark of the
ISBU Association. We believe the EnergyCube technology will soon become one of
the most widely used ISBU products next to storage units. We are in the process of
writing and developing complete information and engineering to be releases very
soon.
Artistic Architecture & Structures
Although the ISBU image is growing into that of a "super frame" for conventional
construction, storage, housing and other technologies, it will always be a popular
tool for artists and designers in it's pure, rustic form.
The feature of it's corrugated shape and also the oxidizing properties of the Corten
steel make it an endless and flexible object for architectural designers and artists.
___________________________

___________________________
Homes, Offices & Additions
We strongly encourage the use of ISBU as the main frame and building blocks for
conventional housing, offices and room additions for home or office remodeling.
During this difficult economic times remodeling and redecorating of older homes
will be more realistic than new home construction. The addition of a "Green" add
on room or a "super tuff" Safe Room may be much easier to sell to the consumer
than new home construction during the next two years.
Workshops, Garages & Warehouses
Other ISBU concepts to consider during the economic correction of 2009 and 2010
is the construction of home workshops and garages. Although a home owner may
not have the ability to sell or buy a new home, the addition of a workshop or garage
may satisfy some of the urges to sell. These low cost projects now can also add
more value to the real estate when the global economy is stronger.
Some businesses are commenting that some of their expansion is on hold because
of the lack of funds or financing. Additional office space or warehousing is much
more economical and realistic using ISBU concepts.
Cabins & Emergency Housing
The development and emergency housing modules and rapid fabrication concepts
are still necessary in virtually every country globally. Natural disasters are an
endless reality and their availability will always be needed and profitable.
We first wrote these words in 2008, and in 2010 they continue to be extremely
relevant.
___________________________

___________________________
We are surprised to see a growing interest in cabins and small recreational homes
by new ISBA Members since January 2009. Evidently the economic conditions are
creating quite an interest in second homes and cabins on recreational property. We
see ISBU cabins are very realistic trend.
Storage Units
It may be difficult for most of us to comprehend but even though few ISBU based
homes were actually built and constructed in the U.S. and Canada during 2007 and
2008 there were still more than 20,000 ISBU sold for use as portable and
permanent storage units. This may be a very low figure but it is based upon reports
reports from our ISBA Members. 40,000 could be an even more realistic figure.
If you are interested in a very solid investment, a mobile storage business or
storage center using ISBU is possibly one of the best short and long term
investments available. If things really get tough or business plans change you may
always sell or easily liquidate your storage units made of ISBU.
Our main distributors expect 2010 to be an even bigger year for the sale and use of
ISBU for home, office, and commercial storage units.
Biz Pods
The use of ISBU for equipment housing and mobile trade show displays appears to
becoming another very big trend, both near the end of 2008, 2009, and even more
in 2010.
We've received many orders for CAD drawings from companies who design and
manufacture mobile trade show units, mobile kitchens, and housing for various
types of mobile equipment.
___________________________

___________________________
If you are a designer or building contractor and have not investigated these
markets you may be missing out on some very profitable trends for 2010 and
beyond.
Tech Pods
The use of ISBU for technology shells is possibly one of the fastest growing trends
in 2009. In 2010 we expect to see actual use of this ISBU technology to even
surpass the use of ISBU in home construction.
The ISBU shell becomes the durable, permanent protective home for equipment
and technologies. They can be shipped easily; be locally transported; easily relocated; and the ISBU provides a strong, permanent housing.
examples of these permanent technology shells are the housing for data centers,
cleaning equipment, medical labs, waste processing, refrigerators, and freezers,
high tech cleaning equipment, and energy systems.
The use of ISBU for "shell technologies" is absolutely endless.
Basements, Root cellars, Saferooms, and Wine cellars
We have received many, many inquiries regarding ISBU for underground uses.
WARNING! WARNING! It can absolutely be accomplished, but must be done
properly and with the approval of a competent engineer.
We see many comments on the internet in forums and blogs with extremely
dangerous information, and quite frankly we doubt some of the comments from
persons who have supposedly buried them, ...but it can be done.
___________________________

___________________________
In contrast, there are always one or two cynics who say burying a container unit
cannot be done, or is not feasible. This simply isn't true. The majority of
professional engineers know that using a container for basements, root cellars,
saferooms, or wine cellars is not only feasible but has many benefits over other
type construction. -When done properlyFind an engineer who is a positive thinking professional....
We are in the process of publishing a Report entitled "Thinking Deep" and it will
include suggestions and tips from successful projects we have visited and also form
structural engineers we've hired to advise us. Please wait for the publication and/or
consult a structural engineer before attempting to use ISBU underground.
Permanent or Temporary
Building Permits and licensing have become one of the biggest problems our
Members are facing, especially in the US, Canada and Australia.
One of the biggest problems is as simple as beginning the project "without" proper
permits or without getting the proper information and requirements in advance.
Such issues would cause problems with any type construction project but the
newer non-conventional housing types especially aggravate the situation.
Please review the "Approval Report", then review the updates regularly. We began
compiling this report for the purpose of assisting our Members and also Building
Inspectors, architects, engineers and lenders.
In the first 10 days of the report being published we received very much response
and some quite significant changes in the standardization of ISBU certifications
___________________________

___________________________
have resulted. This will become an enormous asset for Building Inspectors and
architects.
Whether your project is permanent or temporary; housing or storage units; virtually
every country has some type permit requirement. In the US, Building Permits are
fairly consistent State to State, however Permits for temporary or permanent
storage units can vary greatly. Most permitting for storage units is not complicated
and often not even necessary for temporary use.
Avoid serious costs and problems by getting information from you local city or
country first.
Keep the conversations simple; refer to the units as ISBU or prefab steel modules
and not shipping containers; advise them of the "Approval Report" and the new
government ISBU Inspection guidelines were published March 15, 2009.
(see Reports: Getting Approved)
NOTE: Storage Units

In most of the US and probably other countries, a "storage unit" or "mobile storage
unit" for home or business only needs a simple Permit and can often remain for
many years if used just for storage. Obtaining the permits to place the units are
inexpensive and easily to obtained. In many areas permits are not even necessary.
Please check to be certain, but don't avoid.
___________________________

___________________________
___________________________

___________________________
___________________________

___________________________
Your Plans and Designs
A discussion of common errors and problems that can be avoided in the design, preparation,
and approval of your projects.
The Biggest Mistakes
This section will be updated regularly as we hear feedback from our Members. This
particular section and topic will only be effective if we have good feedback from
our Members.
Presently the most common errors are:
- Improper cleaning and paint preparation.
- Improper approach to obtain Building Permits.
- Improper cutting and modifications without reinforcement.
- Engineering consultation in the designing phase.
Getting Approved and Inspected
Although it is commonly believed the International Building Code (IBC) is consistent

globally it is simply not reality. In the U.S. or any other country certain aspects of
building codes can vary with every city, state, county, province, and ward. So how
do you prepare for construction?
___________________________

___________________________
NOTE: Global Project Information
It is not possible for "any" person, book, or organization to provide complete
information for planning and building a home or office in all geographic areas of any
country or even every state or province. The local conditions and personalities vary
too much from city to city, county to county and province to province.
The best our organization, or any other organization can attempt do is to give you
accurate tips on how to get this information and the approval of your project
easiest in your locality.
We have attempted to assist and educate our Members in 10 very key categories:
1) Understand the characteristics and specifications of an ISBU
2) Know how to choose a safe, good quality ISBU
3) How to choose an ISBU dealer or other source
4) Accurate architectural drawings, materials and dimensions
5) Physical strengths of the basic ISBU before it is cut or modified
6) Basic building code information, tips and comparisons
7) Certification information to protect you and also to assist your local Building
Inspector and Zoning Department.
8) Basic designs and plans that are specific to ISBU construction
9) How to get your structural modifications certified
10)Understanding how to adapt other Green and sustainable accessories
___________________________

___________________________
Please see the expanded details and links below:
1) Understand the characteristics and specifications of an ISBU
Link: Specifications & materials (See Reports: Getting Approved)
Link: Architectural drawings (See Tools section )
2) Know how to choose a safe, good quality ISBU
Link: Choosing Your Container
Link: SIR inspection and certification (See Reports: Getting Approved)
3) How to choose an ISBU dealer or other source
Link: Choosing Your Container
Link: GreenCube Network Directory
Link: Wholesale Contacts (corporate members only)
4) Accurate architectural drawings, materials and dimensions
Link: Architectural drawings (See Tools section )
5) Physical strengths of the basic ISBU before it is cut or modified
Link: Specifications & materials (See Reports: Getting Approved)
6) Basic building code information, tips and comparisons
Link: Getting Approved Report
7) Certification information to protect you and also to assist your local Building
Inspector and Zoning Department.
Link: Getting Approved Report
___________________________

___________________________
8) Basic designs and plans that are specific to ISBU construction
Link: Basic Plans, Designs & Configurations
Link: 3D Designs: 360
9) How to get your structural modifications certified
Link: Finding A Professional
10) Understanding how to adapt other Green and sustainable accessories
Link: GreenCubes
Link: Green Energy
___________________________

___________________________
___________________________

___________________________
___________________________

___________________________
Choosing Your Container
A discussion of common errors and problems that can be avoided in the design, preparation,
and approval of your projects.
Grades & Qualities
During our first year we had been attempting to obtain guidelines from the
container trade that have all containers and ISBU standardized, however there
seem to be too many variables in grading them. We often find certain container
dealers creating their own terminology for the various grades.
Below is a best effort grading system without getting too complicated. We have
limited it to four categories, however there can be much aesthetic variation within
each category.
New- It seems obvious that "new" is new and direct from the factory. However
"One Trip" containers are also considered new by many dealers and distributors.
Truly new is a container direct from the factory and shipped to it's destination
empty. That is true new.
One Trip- A "one trip" is a container that has only been shipped once, ...from the
factory to one destination.
These are technically and ethically "new" containers if they are truly one trip.
The problem is that some dealers have been known to have a super clean container
in good condition that may have had multiple trips, but try to sell them as "one trip"
containers.
___________________________

___________________________
Why is this truth important if the container is still in excellent condition? Because a
truly "one trip" container is generally absolutely clean and free of any possible
contaminants or spills. The only reason this is important is if you are expecting to
use the original floor and not replace it.
So why is it common to ship a "new" container to it's destination fully loaded? Why
not just send it to it's destination empty?
The answer is cost! If a new container is sent from China to LA truly new and
unloaded there will be the obvious shipping charges which can be from $1600$3500 depending on it's ultimate U.S. destination.
If the owner or buyer can arrange for the container to be filled in China with clean
common goods then the container will arrive to it's destination virtually free. All
shipping costs are borne by the company who sent the goods.
When it arrives the container is still clean and strong but it has arrived without most
shipping costs.
Additionally, if you are purchasing "new" containers from a China factory or
shipping company they will still do everything possible to send the containers to
the U.S. destination fully loaded so you will have not added shipping charges. New,
or truly "one trip" are the same.
Refurbished - These units are very acceptable for any ISBU storage units or
construction projects.
Refurbished units can vary in age. They may still have some dents or light repair,
however they do not have any rust or major damage. Additionally they are coated
___________________________

___________________________
with DTM paint which means "Direct To Metal". This type paint and finishing can be
critical to it's future aging process.
Note: Not all ISBU project will need or want paint until they are moved, cut welded
and modified. But if you are buying an ISBU and want the paint for longevity, be
certain to have the dealer guarantee the paint coating was actually DTM paint. The
main use for "painted" refurbished units are for ISBU that will be used for storage
and not construction. Construction ISBU only need the paint coating after
modification is complete.
"Refurbished" ISBU are also usually inspected but all ISBU, new or used should
have the additional "SIR" inspection if they will be used for construction or storage.
We believe this certification will become the standard for architects, engineers,
building inspectors, lenders, and insurance underwriters.
"A" Grade or "ASIS"- The trade terminology for these units is "ASIS". Simply
meaning "As Is" and with no warranty or modifications.
Here is one area of great confusion in the industry. Since "A" means top quality in
most areas of business, "A" Grade for an ISBU or shipping container "does not"
mean top quality.
As you may guess, "As Is" means take it as it is which can have many connotations.
Don't be concerned. Virtually all ASIS containers and many Refurbished containers
have the CSC Plates and identifications removed. This is quite common. The only
important ID is the CIN code stamped inside.
___________________________

___________________________
Note: Generally speaking, the "ASIS" units are very, very acceptable for ISBU
construction projects because your containers will be cut and modified before
painting anyway.
If the physical appearance is acceptable then also request the container has the
"SIR" certification and check to see if the CIN code inside the container matches the
CIN code on the SIR certification.
If an ASIS container passes a SIR certification there is no reason to doubt is
strength, quality and safety for use as a construction or storage ISBU.
Should You Buy New or Used?
Although this question may seem obvious to most people there are many reasons
to buy used, and many reasons to buy new. It simply depends upon your end use.
According to our interviews and statistics, approximately 50% of all construction
projects globally were "new" containers. Much of this is due to the larger projects
by such companies as TempoHousing and Verbus. Others that are new include the
single "cabin type" ISBU which are quite popular globally.
Why New?
The reality is, that even if an ISBU container is new and shipped empty there is still
substantial cost savings for the entire project of about 20- 25% and still built in
record time. It is difficult to argue with such facts when the end result is also a
stronger building unit.
Why Used?
Reducing local inventories is not such an issue in 2008 and 2009, but if the
___________________________

___________________________
containers are available there is simply no reason for most builders to pay extra for
a new unit. Even if you choose to replace the flooring the savings is significant
when you buy very use or even "one trip".
New Benefits:
- You know exactly what you are getting.
- You can have minor modifications made at the factory.
- You can bring decor, furnishings and other supplies inside the new containers.
- You are certain of availability even if there is a local shortage of used.
Used Benefits:
- Generally a savings of $1000 to $3000 per unit.
- Even if you choose to always replace the plywood flooring the cost is not
significant.
- You are assisting in keeping local container inventories in balance.
- Most projects do not need new or even excellent quality ISBU for their
infrastructure.
- Many projects can even use the "vintage" or well used ISBU if the main frame is
the only importance.
- Most used containers can be ISBU certified using the new SIR certification method
and CIN numbers.
Depending on your end use or if you are also purchasing decor or building materials
from China both new and used will always have a place in using ISBU technologies.
___________________________

___________________________
Container Dealers
The term "Container Dealer" can also have many levels and meanings.
A container dealer can be dealer selling to the end user, or a dealer could even be a
lease operator or shipping company selling their own inventory.
Please note: Even if you think you are buying direct from a shipper or lease operator
does not mean your are getting the lowest prices. Many dealers contract to buy
hundreds and thousands annually an can have offer you the best prices.
It is most important to deal with a dealer who knows what they are doing; have
experience; and offer the proper certifications without being pushed.
If you are buying your ISBU from a dealer who is an ISBU Association member it is
very unlikely you will have any problems with the dealer, their equipment or ethic.
ISBU Association "dealers" must undergo a background check and significant
references before they can advertise or be recommended as an ISBU dealer.
Obviously we do not verify dealers and resellers who are not ISBU Association
members and we have no way to verify their credentials and performance.
Whether you want to buy 1 or 1000; retail or wholesale; buy from a certified ISBU
Association member.
Container Depots
The container depots are essential to the container industry and to the container
owners and shipping companies. Although they have much experience with
containers many dealers suggest the containers sold by the depots are of lesser
quality.
___________________________

___________________________
Although they deal mostly in older and very used shipping containers, a depot does
have the ability to buy top quality containers for the shipping companies and lease
operators just the same as any other dealer. They also have the ability to refurbish a
container as well as a standard container dealer.
If you choose to buy your containers from a "depot" simply request they provide a
"SIR" certification as you would with any other dealer. Check the CIN code inside
the container with the CIN code listed on the CSC-HD inspection certification and
there should be no other concerns with your transaction.
Private Parties
This is possibly the most difficult area. Private parties could be selling containers for a
variety of reasons.
Our concern is that they certainly have less experience; less liability and responsibility in
the course of a sale. As as a word of caution--just because someone is a certified ISBA
Member "does not" mean they are a "certified" ISBU Association "dealer". Those are two
very separate processes and categories.
- Never buy a container from a "Private party" without seeing the container and writing
down the CIN code stamped inside the container.
- Always get a price which includes deliver unless you have the ability to haul it yourself.
- Be certain the "Private party" has the ability to load the container onto your vehicle if
you are hauling it yourself.
- Always request a SIR certification; have the certification verified; and check to see if
the CIN code on the document matches the code inside the container before paying for
the unit(s).
___________________________

___________________________
___________________________

___________________________
Choosing A Professional
It's important to realize that you will need to have professionals who reside or are
licensed in your own local state or province. There is quite a misconception that
finding and engineer or architect who has experience somewhere else in the world
or even in another state can work on your project.
These professionals must reside in, or be licensed locally to fully understand your
building codes and be approved by your local inspectors. However, a professional
"outside" your area or even country may collaborate with your professional in your
local area but the "final stamp", architecture and engineering must come from
someone licensed to do business in your state or province.
The architect and structural engineer are critical to your project and possibly more
so than the general contractor (GC). Most any GC can build an ISBU project if the
engineering and architecture are done properly.
Architects
Seldom does an architect attempt to also do the engineering. Most architects have
a structural engineer they work with to guide them in cutting, strengths, and
modifications as they design the project.
The architect needn't be famous to easily produce an excellent and beautiful ISBU
project. The two most important assets to a successful architect and ISBU project
are the architects creativity and their relationship with a qualified structural
engineer.
___________________________

___________________________
With the proper guidance from the engineer, an architect can create or integrate
virtually any design with ISBU modules.
Engineers
When we discuss engineers we are generally referring to "structural engineers".

Additionally a structural engineer should have experience in both steel engineering
and steel-concrete reinforcement.
In other parts of the A-Z Guide we will have extensive information relating to
cutting and modifying the ISBU in various ways. All of this is critical and must be
done with the guidance of a structural engineer.
Since the ISBA is only an organization to support and promote ISBU construction
and technology we have hired very qualified "structural engineers" to guide us in
writing the sections of our A-Z Guide regarding the ISBU frame, loads, modifications
and re-certifications. We are not writing this advice blindly.
One thing important to note; as with any profession, there are structural engineers
to make calculations and give advice, then there are engineers who are very
thorough before giving the advice.
From our experience with engineers we have paid to advise us, we realize that not
all are completely thorough and many suggest options and reinforcement
calculations that are quite costly.
It's important to work with an engineer that gives complete, and cost effective
evaluations. We've had to work with many to find the few with these important
characteristics. Improper guidance from the architect and engineer can often
double the construction costs of your project.
___________________________

___________________________
We are finding that some of the most visible "container architects" in the news are
making some of the biggest errors in ISBU construction, yet less famous architects
are sailing through with few problems. So much of this is due to them to either not
seeking the proper engineering advice, or not listening to the advice.
A good engineer is critical to your project! A good architect will associate
themselves with a good engineer....
Building Contractors
Certainly the building contractor or GC is also important but the reason we put so
much stress on the engineer is that without the proper engineering, strengths, and
architect the GM will always have complications and usually fail.
One of the most common questions we continue to receive is, "can you
recommend a good building contractor in my area"? The answer we continue to
give is, "virtually an building contractor can construct and ISBU based project. The
first concerns should be the architect/engineer team.
A good contractor will focus on quality and costs, but he first needs the proper
tools that only the engineer and architect can provide.
Container Construction Consultant
Beware!! Suddenly there are people advertising themselves as professionals called,

Container Construction Consultants.
Before contracting with, or paying fees to such a person, be certain that he, or she
actually has sufficient experience to be a Consultant.
Not everyone who has built a container home has done it correctly.
___________________________

___________________________
Ask exactly what they have built, and what their job was during the process.
Most important, ...ask for a list of clients and projects they have completed. Do not
attempt to do business with any person who does not openly offer this type
information.
LEED Certified
There is a continued emphasis on "LEED Certified"? The professionals and also the
project....
LEED is a Green building program and Green rating system committed to promoting
sustainable building practices. The LEED program is under the direction of the U. S.
Green Building Council.
No matter what type of professional you are, the wisest thing you could do right
now; this year; is to become LEED Certified. This is the trend and the future. Make
yourself valuable...
LINK: LEED Certification and information
___________________________

___________________________
___________________________

___________________________
___________________________

___________________________
Green Cubes
A discussion of utilizing the strength and abilities of an ISBU and to promote the use of other
"Green" and "Sustainable" technologies.
Eco Insulations and Thermal Coatings
There are only two type Eco Insulations we presently recommend:

1) Closed-Cell Spray Foam insulation due to the following properties:
- Strength
- Non polluting and non-toxic
- Water proof (used in boats and boat marinas)
- Mildew resistant
- Compact
- Longevity
- Excellent bonding and sealant
- Anti-condensation
2) Ceramic Coatings & Paint insulation due to the following properties:
- Non polluting and non-toxic
- Mildew resistant
- Fire resistant
- Compact
- Longevity
- Excellent bonding and sealant
- Anti-condensation
- Cost effective
- Use flexibility
- Sound absorbing
___________________________

___________________________
NOTE: We do not recommend "Ceramic Coatings" as a direct replacement for Spray
foam insulation. It is a very efficient and a cost effective booster or additive. May be
used beneficially on sheds, storage or in housing in Third World countries which do
no commonly use insulations or thermal coatings.
If you are aware of other insulations that meet the same standards of the two
insulation listed above and are cost effective with good documentation please
forward the information to our staff for review.
Green Roof
The Green Roof and Green Wall concepts are well adapted to ISBU construction
projects due to the basic strength and stability of both the roof and side wall of the
ISBU modules.
WARNING! It is important to remember the strength limitations of the ISBU roof
which can be seen in the "Getting Approved Report". The inner roof strength is
200# sq/ft and not the extreme strength of the corner posts of the ISBU.
The roof "As Is" will only support grass or flowers and the supporting layers and
rubber membranes including the light water weight. It will support that much of a
Green Roof quite easily.
If the ISBU roof will be used as a patio or balcony as well, then you should consult a
structural engineer to recommend the proper reinforcements and framing.
___________________________

___________________________
Flooring & Accessories
The flooring of ISBU has become a much debated issue. Whether to replace the
1.25" marine hardwood floor with other flooring depends on a few factors. If the
ISBU will be used for storage, shed or workshop it is no likely it would be necessary
to replace the original floor. At most it may need to be sanded and sealed.
For housing construction there are other factors to consider:
- Is the ISBU new or "One Way"?
These floors should pose no concern whatsoever.
- Are you absolutely certain it is safe and not contaminated?
Shipping companies and depots are extremely careful and keep any "toxic" type
containers very separated from the basic shipping containers. You must realize
they also have liability concerns and these companies have many procedures in
place to isolate containers that transport toxic or dangerous materials.
- Building Inspectors
Whether the floor looks good or not, a local Building Inspector will usually request
new floors. SIR inspections also request new floors or no floors for this reason.
Again, for storage units there is little concern or need to replace the flooring, but
when using and ISBU for housing, offices or cabins it is highly recommended to
replace all flooring and clean and paint all surfaces well.
The actual cost of replacing the floor with standard plywood is not significant.
This is an excellent time to add, not only the new flooring, but we recommend
adding floors made or Teak or Bamboo for longevity.
___________________________

___________________________
While Teak is somewhat rare and expensive, Bamboo is fast becoming the "Eco
Wood" of choice since it is not only strong and sustainable but grows fast and cost
effective in plantations.
Water & Waste Recycling
Although any type housing can support water recycling and gray water treatment
systems, the ISBU is well adapted to any of these systems due to its structural
strength and adaptability for equipment.
The strength and under frame of the ISBU make this a perfect time to explore "Gray
Water" systems and recycling technology.
Green Houses & Atriums
The super strength of an ISBU lends itself well to its use as a Greenhouse or Atrium
shell. Certainly there are many low cost Atrium and Greenhouse frames on the
market but the strength of an ISBU could also become the ideal superstructure for
this type architecture.
For some other adaptable GreenCube ideas see the "Green Energy" section.
___________________________

___________________________
___________________________

___________________________
___________________________

___________________________
Green Energy
The main types of Green energy and how to use them with the ISBU technology
EnergyCubes
Geo-air & Solar-air

An EnergyCube is used in combination with Geo Air and Solar Air energy
sources which are highly efficient, low initial cost, and virtually maintenance free.
A special Report entitled "EnergyCubes" is in the final stages. The research began in
the Fall of 2008. We are waiting for some graphics with CAD and expect to publish
the Report soon .
It is our premise that a 40' ISBU can be converted to produce and store enough
energy to supply more than 5000 sq/ft of heating/cooling which is up to one million
BTU daily. This EnergyCube Report will be complete with manufacturing
instructions and documentation.
Also, the Geo Air publication, Citrus In The Snow is available now. You can read
about it in the Reports & BizGuides area of the Member website.
The Geo-air greenhouse produces oranges, lemons,grapes and other fruits year
around in sub-zero climate with no additional heating or cooling expense, just the
cost of a circulating fan.
The same concept is used for heating homes and offices.
___________________________

___________________________
NOTE: As you may have already realized, the use of "Green Energy" is not restricted to ISBU
construction however we have chosen to include the topics simply to reinforce to our
Members the urgency and and value of Green Energy. Additionally, some of these products
are well adapted due to the strength of ISBU construction.
Moreover, we want to use these areas to include important information and links for you
since we believe strongly in their importance right now. If you have technology information
you would like us to add please forward it for our review.
___________________________

___________________________
Solar Heating
Solar Energy: Solar Collectors
Solar heating is one of the most viable forms of Green energy right now. It is
extremely cost effective and efficient compared to other forms of Green energy.
___________________________

___________________________
Simply, we are referring to metal tubes filled with either liquid or air which very
quickly absorb the heat from the sun. The heated liquid or air can either be stored
or used direct. When using liquid a heat exchanger is necessary to transfer the heat
to another form.
We will expand this particular Green energy form as we introduce our EnergyCubes
since we have investigated and even developed some very cost effective-efficient
Solar collectors to integrate into the EnergyCube system.
All solar energy systems are obviously dependent on the quality of sunlight to
function.
___________________________

___________________________
Solar Panels
Solar Energy: Photovoltaics

Unlike standard "Solar
Collectors" which use
the suns heat, a Solar
Panel is generally
referring to a group of
Photovoltaic solar
cells which actually
convert the suns rays
directly to electricity
which can be used
directly or stored in an
array of batteries for
use when the sun light
is gone.
This type of Solar
energy is expensive
initially but very cost
effective over a 10 or
15 year period of time.
An ISBU or ISBU home has the strength to utilize this type Green energy without
the need of reinforcement. These PV solar panels also are manufactured in sizes
approximately 2'x4' which adapt well to a single or multiple ISBU housing unit. The
Qube-360 Eco-Green design is one concept that uses the roofs strength directly
even though it is raised and tilted.
___________________________

___________________________
Wind Power
Wind energy has seemed to us as a very positive and cost effective energy source,
however it really has more limitations than Solar and we've done much first hand
research before concluding this. ...we really wanted wind energy to be a viable
option.
The biggest drawbacks are simply "lack" of enough wind in residential areas where
the homes are. Even in rural areas there isn't enough wind unless the wind turbine
tower is extremely high or in a very long open valley or near a canyon.
We, as well as others, see these small wind turbines on sail boats and think we can
do that at home on the side of the garage. The reality is there is 10 or 20 times more
wind anywhere near the beach or on the ocean. A residential area cannot generate
enough movement.
Secondly, we've all seen these wonderful "concept" drawings on the internet with
shipping container homes and a windmill on top. As with most "concept"
architecture and home drawings they are the "cool" ideas by an architect who
didn't do his research. Below is an actual test of a Wind turbine on a 40' ISBU.
This was thought through very well and done very professionally and correct. Our
greatest concern was the probability of vibration when the rotor was spinning. In
reality, that was "not" an issue at all.
As you can see in the photos, at the suggestion of an engineer, the roof was well
reinforced with a 1x8"steel tube on the roof, then eye bolts to attach the support
cables.
___________________________

___________________________
The problem came when tightening the support cables and the downward pressure
on the center of the roof was still more than calculated. It's functioning well,
however there is a very slight sag in the roof.
Photo: ISBU Association
After the fact, the same engineer suggests it should have been supported by two
small parallel "I" beams for maximum performance.
___________________________

___________________________
Even so, our conclusion is that any home or roof with a Wind turbine is destined for
problems. The potential problems would be: vibration sooner or later and not
enough height for good wind current.
A better solution: An above ground permanent or mobile Energy Cube for
emergencies or remote housing. The Cube would "only" be to generate and house
energy. The secure cube (s) could house solar energy of both types, plus a mobile
Wind turbine on the same Energy Cube unit. This would allow for all electrical
inverters, equipment and storage batteries to be housed in one convenient
location.
Therefore the problem of reinforcing the roof with small additional "I" beams is not
the real issue, but that a total "energy solution" should have it's own housing unit if
one chooses to utilize a Wind turbine.
This Green Energy option is only recommended for windy prairie, mountain passes
or coastal exposure.
NOTE: We are very much in support of Wind Energy, however it is our opinion that
at this time it may only be efficient and realistic with the large, tall wind turbines in
a network such as T. Boone Pickens is organizing. We are hopeful for new
technology that will have the ability to capture slower moving air for residential
use.
___________________________

___________________________
Bio-fuels
The overall "Bio fuel" concept is not one that we will continue to pursue at this
time. Although it seemed to be an interesting concept all these years to utilize
certain starch based crops and un-used farm land, it already appears the interest in
these type Biofuels has already created global economic problems by raising the
cost of corn, soy, wheat, etc.
We feel there is too much potential in other energy sources such as Solar, Wind and
Geothermal that don't require the use of water, valuable crop production, or
burning of any kind.
Hopefully hydrogen energy will soon become a viable technology.
Geothermal
There are three (3) basic types of Geothermal energy available right now.
1) High grade sources with temperatures over 212 F.
2) Medium grade sources with temperatures from 100 F.
3) Low grade sources with temperatures from 50-60F.
"Low grade" geothermal energy is available in virtually all the world where annual
climatic temperatures range from -20F to 125F. The low grade geothermal is
presently a growing trend in most of the US and other countries however there are
two principle drawbacks in its use:
1) Initial excavation and equipment costs
2) Cost efficient heat exchange and storage technology
Our director of ISBA has been involved in Geothermal research for more than 30
years, both commercially and with academic and US Department of Energy grants.
___________________________

___________________________
After his exposure to ISBU in 2006 we believe he has refined a significant and
realistic technology using ISBU, Geothermal, and Solar. This is the basis of the
EnergyCube Report which will be available soon to ISBA Members free of charge.
Geo-air: See EnergyCube and Citrus In The Snow publications.
Lighting
Incandescent: Standard energy wasting, short life light bulbs

In our opinion, incandescent lights (the common light bulb) should be illegal to sell
anywhere in the world. Their energy consumption in home or office is one of the
most serious energy wastes in a home and adds terrifically to our global problems.
Photo: GreenCube
CFL
Compact Fluorescent Lights
LED
Since 2005 the technology, cost and true brightness of the CFL bulbs have become
very realistic. Even for a low income family, the monthly savings from these new
lights is more than worth the small initial investment.
___________________________

___________________________
LED: Light Emitting Diode
2008 made some very significant advances in LED bulbs. Although we are very
"pro" LED there are still a few disadvantages in their real life use.
We have tested many brands and types even at this writing. Though the prices are
coming down the true brightness comparison still is not there when attempting to
replace a true 60 or 75 watt bulb.
To truly replace either the standard or CFL with LED you must use excess of a 10
watt LED not the 3 watt as some advertise, ...but WHY?
The problems lie in attempting to make the light out put even, then you run into
heat problems. Overall, trying to make the LED become a normal size light bulb is
what creates the extreme cost; extreme heat problem; and lower light out put.
We will offer some very creative LED solutions soon. Until then, the CFL is the only
responsible lighting.
Windows
There are basically no limitations to the type windows or doors designs which can
be installed in an ISBU module.
Of course all framing of windows and doors is with steel, there will be no shrinkage
or warping as can occur with wood. That can be a great source of energy loss in
most homes.
___________________________

___________________________
Graphic: US DOE
Double pane windows are standard, while single pane are now quite obsolete.
___________________________

___________________________
Only purchase windows and doors that have and R-value so you know the energy
efficiency of what you are installing. Although most double pane windows can
have an R-value of up to 3.0, there are now windows with special treatments and
film that are substantially more energy efficient.
Due to the rigidity of the container module the Energy efficiency of your project can
be more easily adapted and successful in the long term than many other types of
building construction.
___________________________

___________________________
___________________________

___________________________
ISBU Preparation
Delivery of the container, and delivery preparation is important to understand. Understanding
this can save hundreds or thousands of dollars.
Delivery & Moving
Whether you units are coming from overseas or from across the city, you should be
dealing with a company or person with the ability to handle all aspects of the
delivery process.
The cost of delivery should either be included in the quotation of each ISBU or it
should be a firm additional cost that will not vary, no matter what the distance or
climate. Unfortunately, the "delivery charge" can be a bit of a game with some of
the sales people in the industry.
The topic of delivery should be divided into a few categories since the delivery
method will depend greatly on the use of your container and project.
Categories: How will your containers be used?
- Temporary storage
- Permanent storage
- Technology Shell
- Temporary home or office construction
- Permanent home or office construction
1) Discuss your project needs and expectations clearly with your dealer.
2) Confirm your delivery costs and terms in writing.
3) Be certain your site is ready for delivery and be there to receive it.
___________________________

___________________________
Your dealer needs to know exactly what you want done with the units when they
arrive, and where they need to be placed. This way he can fully understand which
equipment will be need ed to off-load and place the containers. Will the dealer need
a tilt-bed, fork lift, or a crane, and which type?
If the dealer understands clearly it will be a positive experience.
With many projects the containers are just delivered and the customer or building
contractor will provide the equipment for actual placement of the containers when
ready for use or construction. Carefully think through every detail.
For specific details on delivery and setup, see the specific container use category:
- ISBU Building Construction unit
Homes, offices, apartments, worker housing, cabins, hotels, BizPods, clinics, emergency shelters, etc.
- ISBU Technology Shell

Mobile housings for data centers, cleaning equipment, waste recycling, expo booths, etc.
- ISBU Storage unit

Mobile or permanent storage units for home, office, job sites, other industry, etc.
See six (6) main delivery examples on the following pages:
___________________________

___________________________
Whether your units are coming from overseas or from across the city, you should
be dealing with a company or person with the ability to handle any deliver situation
you may have for your project.
Photo::Al Karsf
Will the containers be empty or loaded with cargo?

Delivery to location with the large "flatbed tractor-trailer is generally used only
when the container is full of cargo.
___________________________

___________________________
Photo: Out-Back Storage
If you are hauling empty 20' or 40' containers, it can be accomplished easily with
a 5th wheel trailer like this, or even a heavy duty tandem trailer and SUV, ...if empty.
If a container is loaded, such as with storage units, then a 5 th wheel (see above) is
recommended due to the extra weight.
___________________________

___________________________
Photo::Clemson-Seed
There are various types of "swing lifts" which are very convenient for units that
don't need immediate stacking. This type is especially designed to carry full, heavy
containers which is not necessary for most ISBU.
___________________________

___________________________
Photo::Clemson-Seed
This is a very efficient "truck mounted crane" which can easily handle empty 20' or
40' containers.
___________________________

___________________________
Photo: Landall
A "tilt bed" truck is common for simple offloading but require large areas to easily
maneuver, off-load and pull forward. Usually 100' minimum.
___________________________

___________________________
Photo: ISBU Association
Heavy duty "fork lifts" are quite common and easy to use when moving or stacking
containers on location.
___________________________

___________________________
Repairing
The topic of "repairing" is not the same as the topic of making "modifications".
The topic of repairing is discussing what must be done to the container before you
begin making modifications.
Read this section carefully, because the quality of your container(s), and the repairs
you may face could mean the difference between project failure and success. [ see
also, Choosing Your Container ]
What is your project? This will always be an important question for nearly every
topic of this report.
If your project is a Technology Shell, Storage Unit, or Housing Shell, you will
probably benefit by purchasing a higher quality container. If you simply want an old
storage unit or will use the container for building construction that will be fully
covered by some exterior material like xxxx, you can feel more comfortable buying
a container that is older, or with a few dings and dents.
The "dings and dents" do not usually cause a weakness, but the can, and do cause
problems in your finish work inside and out.
Also, if the container is too damaged, then you may find the time and cost of
repairs are not worth the savings as compared to buying a better grade container
to begin with.
___________________________

___________________________
Rule #1: You should always buy from a reputable dealer
Rule #2: Buy containers that can pass SIR inspections [ see, SIR ]
Rule #3: A dealer can usually repair a container cheaper and easier because they
have scrap parts and frequent experience.
Rule #4: Don't let the paint coating fool you. Like a newly painted car, it can hide
many defects.
Rule #5: Always buy from a reputable dealer. (Yes, a repeat)
Questions To Ask1) Is the container SIR certified? If so, you must have a certificate for each container.
2) If the container is painted, what was the cleaning process? Chemical cleaner, or
Blast cleaned? [ see, Cleaning ]
Here is a guide for repairsNot all repairs to a container are done properly. If you buy from a credible container
dealer it will be more certain the repairs were performed properly, but this is still
not 100% certain.
What can be wrong with a container that is freshly painted and looks nice?
- Deep dents seem softer
- Bad welding or repair can be less obvious
- Corrosion can seem less obvious
One reason we suggest "third party" inspections such as SIR, is because it basically
guarantees the quality and safety inside, outside, and underside. Even if it has
repairs and some dents, it will still be structurally safe and more easily certified by
an engineer or government Building Inspector.
However, this does not guarantee the way it was prepared before it was painted.
___________________________

___________________________
It does not guarantee the quality of paint or the quality of the preparation.
The SIR or other inspection are designed to only certify the strength, toxic safety,
and unit code.
If you "do not" have an SIR inspection, or, if you do prefer an older unit that needs
repair then here are some very important tips and photos to review.
Note: the SIR inspection does not necessarily apply to Storage containers or Technology shells.
___________________________

___________________________
Container Repair Photos
If you are using the ISBU containers for storage, mobile expos, or the housing for
your specialty equipment you may find the "vintage" containers unsatisfactory and
the use of newer containers may be paramount.
Door and door frame examples and commentary
Examples: Door & door frame repair (20 photos)
Examples: Exterior Repair (18 photos)
Examples: Flooring Repair (7 photos)
Examples: Frame and Super-structure Repair (13 photos)
Examples: Interior Repair (16 photos)
Examples: Understructure Repair (19 photos)
(see examples on the following pages)
___________________________

___________________________
Door System Examples
Photos and commentary for reference only. Containers should not be purchased without an SIR
certification unless for usage as storage units.
It should be noted that most of these photos represent the extreme conditions of age, neglect and
abuse. This would generally be found on the "vintage" units.
Doors or no doors?
The use of ISBU technology is not limited to mobile storage, nor is it limited to
home construction projects. There are very many applications for the use of ISBU
containers therefore not all applications will remove the doors in the modification
process.
It should be noted that in "most" cases when you purchase your container from a
reputable dealer, it will already be repaired and re-conditioned appropriately and
then certified.
This section on Doors will be valuable if you are purchasing containers and
refurbishing them yourself. It will give you some valuable tips on what is acceptable
and what is not according to IICL and SIR standards.
The Door section is only key if they will actually be functional to keep out weather
and dust. Structurally the issues below or any door defects will not weaken the
structure but only create problems if using the door system.
Photo Credits: GreenCube Staff, Textainer, Triton.
___________________________

___________________________
This particular condition is most likely repairable by removing the corrosion, priming and painting. It will
be important to closely examine the smoothness and tightness where the seal touches the edge.
___________________________

___________________________
This rear header corrosion is also repairable in most cases.
___________________________

___________________________
This rear header corrosion is also repairable in most cases. Smoothness after sanding must be checked.
___________________________

___________________________
This rear header corrosion is not significant and may only need paint.
___________________________

___________________________
This rear header is somewhat uneven. Check to see if the seal will lay flat when closed.
___________________________

___________________________
This rear sill and lip corrosion is not significant and may only need light cleaning and paint.
___________________________

___________________________
This corrosion on the vertical door edge can usually be scraped, sanded and painted.
___________________________

___________________________
Note the rubber gasket. Folded or distorted gaskets can often become bigger issues than corrosion. If
the gasket can not be corrected and lay flat it must be replaced. Perform a light check.
___________________________

___________________________
This is a damaged top gasket. Perform a light check and replace the gasket if necessary.
___________________________

___________________________
Perform a light check. Metal resurfacing and gasket replacement may be necessary.
___________________________

___________________________
This type damage is more than simple corrosion. The cut in the gasket and corrosion beneath were
caused by an impact from either a fork lift or other container hitting it. Therefore it is probably indented
beneath the gasket where the corrosion began.
Repair the corrosion smooth as possible and either patch or replace the gasket.
___________________________

___________________________
Even if this upper gasket were not presently leaking and passed a light test, the missing pieces would
cause the gasket to fail a IICL or SIR inspection. Gaskets must be replaced.
___________________________

___________________________
Although the gasket many not leak it is an improper gasket patch and would not pass IICL or SIR
inspection. Replace gasket.
___________________________

___________________________
The is the correct gasket patch material but an improper quality patch. Replace patch or gasket.
___________________________

___________________________
This damaged lower gasket may pass a light test but may easily and soon begin to deteriorate further.
The damage is too long for a patch. Replace the gasket.
___________________________

___________________________
This type breakage may pass a light test and may not leak but a new gasket is recommended.
___________________________

___________________________
This gasket has been improperly repaired. Although is may pass a IICL inspection it should be replaced
for ISBU use.
___________________________

___________________________
Although quite un-attractive, this may actually pass a IICL or SIR testing because it is not structural
damage and it is still water tight. The real question is, will this meet your personal standards?
___________________________

___________________________
This also may be quite un-attractive but still meets IICL and SIR testing.
___________________________

___________________________
This is a defective "hinge blade" Hinge blades cannot be cracked or welded. This would no pass IICL or
and SIR inspection and requires a new hinge.
___________________________

___________________________
Exterior System Examples
Exterior Repairs
process.
then certified.
This section on Exteriors will be valuable if you are purchasing containers and
refurbishing them yourself. It will give you some valuable tips on what is acceptable
and what is not according to IICL and SIR standards.
The Door section is only key if they will actually be functional to keep out weather
and dust. Structurally the issues below or any door defects will not weaken the
structure but only create problems if using the door system.
___________________________

___________________________
This is a good example of replacement corrugation pieces for use in roof repair. These are premanufactured replacement sections and should be used whenever possible.
___________________________

___________________________
Here is an example of small patches. Patches have no size limitation and can be made both inside or
outside. However, to meet IICL and SIR specifications, all patches must overlap at least 13mm (1/2").
___________________________

___________________________
Improper repair and straightening.
___________________________

___________________________
Improper repair and straightening
___________________________

___________________________
___________________________

___________________________
___________________________

___________________________
Improper repair and straightening and must be corrected since it will effect the handle usage.
___________________________

___________________________
This is not the best, but is passable welding. It must be cleaned, primed and painted
___________________________

___________________________
Although passable, this is not done correctly. It should be straightened before welding.
___________________________

___________________________
NOTE: Welds in a panel cannot exceed 200mm in length. This weld exceeds that length and could
possibly challenge it's structural integrity.
___________________________

___________________________
Improper repair, weld and straightening and must be corrected to meet IICL and SIR inspections.
___________________________

___________________________
Improper weld and must be corrected to meet certification.
___________________________

___________________________
This is a porous weld (see small holes). If the holes do not show light the weld may be passable.
.
___________________________

___________________________
This is a proper roof repair when the replacement insert panel is not available. The name of the
process is
"cut, fold, weld". This method of repair retains structural integrity and would pass IICL and SIR
inspections.
___________________________

___________________________
Improper repair and straightening of panels.
___________________________

___________________________
Not all corrosion is serious to the structural integrity. Corrosion must under go a hammer test to
determine it's depth and remaining thickness. If the hammer test causes the metal to "hole or dimple"
easily then it must be replaced.
___________________________

___________________________
This must be hammer tested for strength.
___________________________

___________________________
This is properly repaired and will meet IICL and SIR specifications.
___________________________

___________________________
Flooring System Examples
Exterior Repairs
NOTE: Flooring is the only area of an ISBU container that could be dangerous or
become an issue with the governmental Building Inspectors. This would completely
depend on the end use of your ISBU container.
An ISBU whose end use will be a storage unit or industrial equipment housing can
safely retain the original flooring by sanding and sealing the wood properly.
However any ISBU container used for human habitation such as emergency
shelters, student housing, home or business construction will be probably be
required to remove the floor entirely. Government inspectors usually require it and
therefore the SIR inspection requires it to eliminate any concerns.
Replacing the flooring with plywood is quite inexpensive and then eliminates any
possible chance of toxic or mild environmental contamination or mold. This also is
an excellent opportunity to completely clean, seal and insulate the underside of the
ISBU containers.
___________________________

___________________________
Here are some tips and comments for those who wish to retain the original flooring
materials.
This is called "finger cracking" and is often only seen from the underside. You should always inspect your
containers from the underside which will reveal rust, structural damage and also the "finger cracks".
The "finger cracks" may only show from the bottom but they are a significant clue that something was
dropped on the top of the floor and the floor strength in that section will not support full loads. For this
reason it is recommended that section of the floor be replaced.
___________________________

___________________________
The most common damage to the floor is at the door entry due to the constant loading and unloading of
the container. This are should be closely examined from not only the top but also the underside.
___________________________

___________________________
Please note the waves in the floor between the steel crossmembers. This floor should be replaced.
___________________________

___________________________
This wear may look bad but in fact it is quite normal for a well used container. This is only normal wear
and scratching of the surface and can easily be sanded, resurfaced and coated. This should not be a
concern.
___________________________

___________________________
Here is an example of a hole that was repaired with a wooden dowel. This can be common and safe if
it is also properly prepared, glued and finished. This repair is not an example of very good workmanship.
___________________________

___________________________
This is a an example of very poor quality dowel repair. This is the underside view of the flooring.
___________________________

___________________________
This floor shows there was a fire in the container. Rarely is the container steel damaged but even after
it's repair and painting the discolored floor tells the full story. Sometimes the floor can simply be
resurfaced if the damage is not deep.
___________________________

___________________________
This is a view from the underside. Here is one of the reason you must inspect the underside of the
container. The above photo indicates a spill occurred inside the container at some some. Rarely would it
be "toxic" and often only paint, oil or some safe chemical. Nevertheless, it is important to determine the
chemical and clean the underside crossmembers before refinishing and painting.
___________________________

___________________________
Frame System Examples
Frame and Structural Repairs

process.
then certified.
___________________________

___________________________
This is a top rail dent that could possibly exceed allowable damage. Examine and
measure to determine.
___________________________

___________________________
Here is a proper patch and insert for a damaged corner post. This is nearly the
maximum width of damage allowed by IICL and SIR. There are no set standards for
length of damage but width cannot be closer than 10mm to the edge of the two
corners.
___________________________

___________________________
Here is a corner post dent. The dent is not deep enough to consider any repair
action.
___________________________

___________________________
This corner post appears to be dented in excess of the 5mm IICL and SIR guidelines.
Any dent deeper than 5mm must have an insert welded.
___________________________

___________________________
This is an insert in the "top rail" of a corner. All inserts butting to the corner must be
a minimum of 300mm which is 12" in length. This insert is only 8" in length and must
be replace to pass inspection and retain it's structural integrity.
___________________________

___________________________
This shows about a 30mm (1") tear in the rain gutter. The tear has not penetrated
the weld and therefore does not pose a hazard to rail strength. Remove the burr
and grind smooth.
___________________________

___________________________
This is a bent "header flange" and according to inspectors does not need to be
replaced unless it is actually cut or broken. According to engineers it does not pose
a structural hazard.
___________________________

___________________________
This is a "bottom side rail flange". It is clearly bent and torn. It must only be
replaced if it has penetrated the weld. If it has not broken the weld then it can be
ground smooth and painted.
___________________________

___________________________
Here is a "bottom rail flange" that is bent and also has cracked the weld. It must be
replaced to pass the IICL and SIR inspection.
___________________________

___________________________
Another bent and dent "side rail flange" but since it has not broken the weld it need
not be welded.
___________________________

___________________________
This side rail repair is too short and must be replaced since it is adjoining to the
corner. It is also recommended that both sides be welded when at a corner.
___________________________

___________________________
This is actually one of the "most serious" breaks and damage to a container. When
a corner post is broken or cut it requires intense repairing.
This post has been repaired but improperly. It must be cut out and replaced with
both interior and exterior inserts to retain it's structural integrity.
___________________________

___________________________
This is a damaged "corner casting". When a corner casting is on the bottom it may
not need to be replaced for use as an ISBU. It's principle purpose is for stacking.
This could only be used for single level storage units or for base level housing.
___________________________

___________________________
This is another damaged "corner casting". Dented and damaged "top" corner
castings can be dangerous even during the load and unload of the delivery for ISBU
usage. The entire "corner casting" should be replaced before delivery or
attempting to stack with other ISBU for any purpose.
___________________________

___________________________
Interior System Examples
Interior Repairs
process.
NOTE: This section of inspections is important because a properly refinished "shot
blasted" container should be quite smooth and not show surface blotching such as
seen in some of the photos below.
If you can see any of the ripples or splotching beneath the paint then you know the
surface was not cleaned, blasted and repaired properly and you should not
purchase these ISBU containers.
___________________________

___________________________
Hammer marks from straightening will become less obvious with shot blasting and
re-painting.
___________________________

___________________________
An example of poor welding. When a weld exceeds 200mm (6.5") it must be

replaced with a steel patch to conform with IICL and SIR standards.
___________________________

___________________________
An example of very poor straightening and welding yet if the weld is not porous it
may pass inspection.
___________________________

___________________________
This is a roof weld and must be replaced to pass inspection. The weld is too long
and the workmanship very extremely poor. This area should be fitted with a roof
panel insert with a 15mm (1/2") overlap on all sides.
___________________________

___________________________
Very poor weld quality. Though not attractive it will pass inspection when cleaned
and painted.
___________________________

___________________________
Here is an interior with various patches and repairs. Both interior and floor will
meet IICL and SIR standards when refinished and painted.
___________________________

___________________________
Here is an exterior panel dent which is quite obvious from the interior. Dents
cannot exceed 15mm (1/2") or a steel patch must be inserted.
___________________________

___________________________
This shows 2 lashing rings which have been added to the interior. Depending on the
application of your these un-sightly rings pose no problem. They may be removed
or left attached and will not effect inspection.
___________________________

___________________________
Many people believe this diagonal bar in the corner is a necessary support from the
factory. These are not structural supports but are only a type of "lashing ring or
bar" placed in the corner.
Their removal will not effect any structural integrity and will certainly pass the
inspections.
___________________________

___________________________
These are only interior wall scratches from a possible load of wire fence or other
steel product. These scratches are not an issue. Shot blast and paint to pass
inspection.
___________________________

___________________________
These are some type of "chemical spatter". Chemicals should not be confused with
the term "toxic". This is a very poor refinishing job.
We only show this photo because this is a very poor example of refinishing and
painting. A "shot blast" process will remove "all" chemical spatter and residue and
must be done before re-painting the surface. Again, chemical residue and splatters
are very different from toxic residue or toxic materials.
___________________________

___________________________
These dents are probably not deep enough to need a steel patch. Straighten and
refinish.
___________________________

___________________________
This is an example of "chemical residue" not toxic. This shrinking pattern on paints
is usually caused by the vapor of leaking containers such as solvents or mild acid.
They are only harmful to the paint.
Simply "shot blast", primer, and paint the surface to become 100% safe and pass
IICL and SIR inspections.
___________________________

___________________________
This is another non-toxic chemical residue. Shot blast and paint to neutralize and
pass inspection.
___________________________

___________________________
This is possibly vapor from an acid leakage. We say this due to the corrosion which
has penetrated the steel.
This may not be structurally serious and may simply be superficial. Test with a
hammer. If the corrosion is not deep then simply "shot blast" and refinish as normal
to pass IICL or SIR inspections.
___________________________

___________________________
This is some type of glue or adhesive chemical and nothing serious. Shot blast and
paint.
___________________________

___________________________
NOTE: It is important to emphasize again there is a "vast" difference between
standard chemicals and "toxic" chemicals and materials".
It must be noted the "all" shipping and container leasing companies have very
separate containers for hauling "hazardous materials and toxic chemicals or
products". These shipping containers are shipped separately and also stored and
recycled separately. They do not enter the mainstream no matter how many undocumented stories you see on some internet blogs.
This has been the standard maritime and shipping procedure and all have been
doing this for many years to avoid not only contamination but also to avoid the
potential of massive law suites.
Be confident that your ISBU has not hauled toxic waste! Chemical residues are a
very different issue and easily neutralized and removed.
To be confident your ISBU container is free of any chemical residues you can simply
"shot blast" and refinish. Nothing survives the proper "shot blasting" cleaning
method of refinishing.
___________________________

___________________________
Understructure and Underflooring Examples
Understructure Repairs
NOTE: When purchasing a container one of the most ignored but critical areas is the
under structure.
Most people will see photos of the interior and exterior or even conduct their own
physical inspection however few ever see the underside of the container unit. This
is where some of the most serious problems may be hidden.
___________________________

___________________________
Surprisingly, this may be acceptable for shipping standards. It is "not" acceptable

for use as an ISBU.
IICL standards for a shipping container require this corrosion be "hammer tested".
If a corroded area does not dent or make a whole it is considered acceptable for
continued shipping use. We should note that corrosion itself does not weaken the
steel unless it is severe. Therefore the IICL standard is acceptable.
However, for your personal ownership and long term use as a storage unit,
technical shell or for home construction, you will want this corrosion and rust
removed, then coated again.
___________________________

___________________________
Repair Procedure: As with all repairing of the ISBU container, the fastest, most
effective, and most most economical method of corrosion, cleaning and rust
removal is the "shot blast" method. This is just as effective on the underside of a
container as it is on the walls and roof of the container.
This method quickly removes everything down to the bare steel or bare wood, then
you can apply the coating you want. Most coatings on an ISBU will last decades and
will last longer on an ISBU container than on a container used for shipping.
Inspecting and re-coating of the underside of an ISBU container is a "must".
___________________________

___________________________
This is a "liquid mark" and generally indicating severe chemical spill.

Chemical spill "does not mean" toxic chemical spill, but it does need to be treated
to eliminate further corrosion to the steel and deterioration to the wood flooring.
The recommended action is both treatments; Shot blasting, then high pressure
spray wash to remove any possible residue. Then seal and coat as normal.
___________________________

___________________________
This is not serious but can and should be repaired when the floor is removed.
___________________________

___________________________
Here is an example of improper repair of a damaged underside crossmember.

The replacement steel went up to the top but should have been lower, leaving at
least 1/2" (13mm) of the original steel for proper strength according to IICL
standards.
For use as an ISBU this would not be considered critical. It would be considered
critical for shipping purpose only if it were carrying heavy payloads.
___________________________

___________________________
These are complete inserts made to correct a series of damaged crossmembers.

This repair is considered very acceptable for use as an ISBU container.
Please note the proper insertion of the repair steel. It has left at least 1/2" (13mm) of
the original steel crossmember on the top of each repair.
___________________________

___________________________
The crossmembers of this floor carried too much weight at one time and became
bowed. Note the 4 repaired crossmembers.
The weakened crossmembers were properly repaired with the inserts and will
prevent cracking of the steel.
___________________________

___________________________
Improper repair of crossmembers. The sections will need to be replaced.
___________________________

___________________________
Here is a "stitch weld" added to the side of a crossmember. This type repair is
considered very safe and acceptable for any ISBU use.
___________________________

___________________________
The issue here is on the angle iron bolted to the crossmember. This "is not"
acceptable and must be replaced and welded to retain proper strength.
___________________________

___________________________
Here is another example of improper repairing of a crossmember.

It must be replaced with "one" solid length and not pieces to bring it to acceptable
strength for ISBU use.
___________________________

___________________________
Improper repair of the crossmember, and also the second crossmember must be
repaired.
No bent or bowing crossmembers are allowed for ISBU unless they will be only
used for light storage.
___________________________

___________________________
This is an acceptable repair, however the flooring was not re-coated.

SIR standards and most Building Inspectors will require the complete replacement
of the floor for and ISBU construction project. New floors are not necessary for
ISBU used as storage units.
___________________________

___________________________
Cracked and missing caulking. This can be repaired during the floor removal and
after cleaning.
___________________________

___________________________
The gasket must be repaired or replaces. For usage as an ISBU it may simply be
caulked at the time of floor replacement and underside cleaning.
___________________________

___________________________
These are bent crossmembers. Bowed and bent crossmembers should be repaired
or replaced.
IICL strength safety standards allow a 1/2" (13mm) bow, however for many ISBU
uses this would cause a flooring problem.
___________________________

___________________________
This is an obviously improper repair. It must be repaired by proper full inserts or

replace crossmembers.
___________________________

___________________________
Here is an example of improper repair of a damaged underside crossmember.

The crossmembers were welded but not welded with inserts of at least 6" (150mm)
length steel inserts. You can see the damage due to improper repairs. Inserts are a
must.
___________________________

___________________________
This is a deep inward bend in the bottom side rail of the container. This is not an
easy fix!
The solution is extensive frame straightening, and also a combination or other
welds and steel inserts. Most container dealers and shops do not have "frame
straightening" equipment to accomplish this properly.
This container should not be purchased unless this ISBU will be used only as a
secondary storage unit.
___________________________

___________________________
___________________________

___________________________
ISBU Preparation
How well you "clean" will determine the life expectancy of your container project.
Cleaning
The cleaning of the container is one of the very most important issues of the entire
project. Improper cleaning will become the "only" weak point for the longevity of
your entire project.
No matter what paint or coating you will apply to the exterior of your ISBU
container, if it was not cleaned and prepared in the proper manner, this one
process alone will become determine the longevity of your ISBU unit, project, or
home.
If you prepare your containers properly, including...
- Cleaning
- Painting
- Underside coating
...the sustainability, strength, and lifespan of your ISBU, and/or ISBU project can
easily reach 70 to 100 years.
However, improper cleaning and coating can produce a project lifespan of less than
10 years.
___________________________

___________________________
Methods Of Cleaning
There are two basic methods of cleaning the steel ISBU container:
1) Abrasive "Blast Cleaning"
2) Chemical "Spray Wash"
Blast Cleaning
The first, and most efficient method is "Blast Cleaning". It has many names; sand
blasting, shot blasting, ping blasting, etc.
Key points:
- Extremely efficient
- Leaves no chemical residue
- Fast
- Safe and non-polluting
- Labor saving
___________________________

___________________________
The #1 choice--"Blast Cleaning" with silica or ceramic beads
This method will remove anything and in every crack or crevice. It is dry sand or
silica granules and there is no water involved that can often create immediate
oxidation.
If you choose to leave the flooring, the wood can also be cleaned and stripped with
Blast Cleaning.
The entire container; top, bottom, inside and out can become clean, or cleaner than
a new container. Then ready for an excellent, and permanent bond with the paint
or coating you have chosen. There "is" no better way to clean an ISBU!
___________________________

___________________________
Chemical Spray Wash
Unfortunately, this is a method chosen by most DIY (Do It Yourself) builders, and
also some experienced building contractors. This method requires a high pressure
sprayer system that is not sensitive to acidic chemicals.
Key points:
- Better than other water based, or liquid methods
- Faster than brush or wipe on methods
- Deep cleaning with repeat applications
- Can create waste water issues
- Can leave a film and not penetrate deeply with corrosion
"Spray Washing" with a one-step acid/phosphate product
___________________________

___________________________
This is certainly better and more effective that wipe on, or brushing with TSP, or
acid solutions which usually leave much residue and eliminate proper bonding
between steel and paint.
These methods appear to be effective, but their lifespan of the paint can become
much shorter due to improper paint adhesion. Spray washing is extremely effective
on virtually any surface when removing dirt oxidation, and some rust, but not as
deep cleaning to the important micro surface as Blast Cleaning with silica or
ceramic micro balls.
If you choose this "Spray Wash" method, be certain to only use a "one step"
acid/phosphate chemical solution which will neutralize the acid for better rinsability
and less chance of immediate oxidation of the metal surface before the paint or
primer is applied.
Summary
Anyone educated on both methods of cleaning the steel containers will absolutely
choose the "Blast Cleaning" method over the acid "Spray Wash" method.
The cost is about the same. The labor is about the same. However the ease, safety,
and effectiveness of the Blast Cleaning is much better. Virtually all professionals we
interviewed over a two year period believe the Blast Cleaning provides much better
paint bond and therefore a superior lifespan potential for your ISBU units and
projects.
Whether you remove the floors or keep them, the "Blast Cleaning" method of
corrosion removal and paint preparation is the best choice for an ISBU.
___________________________

___________________________
Paints & Coatings
We see some common confusions with many builders using ISBU for construction
purposes. Many are asking what was the original coating from the factory. This is
not actually relevant unless you have purchased a new, or one-way, however we
have listed it below:
The original factory formula and coating.
For your reference only, we have listed the original coating that is on most standard
containers from the factory:
Exterior Coating- (Factory)
Epoxy-rich w/zinc primer
Epoxy zinc phosphate
Chlorinated rubber top coat
Total coating
Interior Coating- (Factory)
Epoxy zinc phosphate
Total coating
Underside Coating- (Factory)
*Bitumen wax, which includes
Tectyl 121B, Dinitrol 4941B
Chlorinated rubber top coat
Total coating
30 micron
40 micron
50 micron
> 120 micron
30 micron
40 micron
> 70 micron
40 micron
200 micron
50 micron
> 240 micron
___________________________

___________________________
* Bitumen wax is used in roof coatings.
Tectyl 121B, and Dinitrol 4941 are used in automobile and truck undercoatings as corrosion inhibitors and
anti-rust.
NOTE: Formulas can vary, however this is fairly standardized for container units
produced since 2000.
What paint or coating should I use?

- Epoxy?
- Elastomer?
- Ceramic?
- Rubberized?
- Water or Oil based?
The answers are not so obvious, and of course will depend on your project. All will
bond well if they have the correct surface preparation which is described in the
Cleaning section.
___________________________

___________________________
Paint Types
- Epoxy is durable but most Epoxy paints have a tendency to fade or go chalky. They
are quite durable.
- Elastomers are durable, flexible, won't crack, and are becoming quite widely used
and are ecologically safe.
- Ceramic coatings should not be viewed as another type coating, but as an
"additive" to any coating or paint. The ceramic beads can be mixed into any paint or
coating. They have many benefits, including anti-mold, heat resistance, acoustic,
moisture barrier and more. The cost of ceramic beads is not significant when buying
it in the 40# bags.
- Rubberized, or silicone based coatings are very important if you are in humid
climates or need your ISBU partially or fully below ground level. They are also very
effective on the roof when using as a Green Roof or sun deck. The new types are
durable for 20 to 50 years especially if they are not exposed to UV.
- Virtually all of the the above paints are available in either water or oil base. We
suggest water base. They are just as durable, safer, and easier to use.
Even "if" your ISBU will be covered with roofing, siding, or stucco, they need proper
preparation and a good coating. IF this is done properly the ISBU containers can
remain in excellent condition as long as concrete. ...for 70 to 100 years.
With proper cleaning and coating there is virtually no possibility for deterioration,
either above, or below ground.
___________________________

___________________________
Engineering Issues
We have included this topic because in late 2008 we began to realize how vital
engineers, and engineering is to the container building and construction.
Designs with bad Engineering
There was a misconception by most people, including many general contractors,
that ISBU containers were strong no matter how they were cut up, stacked or
modified.
We can largely blame this on so many of these "concept" container drawings that
have plagued the internet for the past several years. Many of which were architects
innocently making unrealistic concept drawings using containers. Yet others who
were designers or possibly architectural students that didn't understand the true
engineering and structure of ISO containers.
What the world was seeing and believing, were architectural designs of "container
homes and offices" stacked on angles and cross-crossed without support, walls
removed without support, and wonderful home designs that were not realistic to
build unless considerable dollars were spent on engineering and expensive
structural reinforcements.
Shortage of qualified and willing Engineers
There was a misconception regarding what was required to obtain "approvals" and
"building permits" from the local city, county, state or provincial agencies.
The reality is, that no matter how good the architectural drawings or how simple
the design and modifications, many local agencies require a "local" licensed
engineer to sign and certify the building plans.
___________________________

___________________________
It has been difficult for home owners and builders to understand the importance of
an engineer, and the necessity of finding a "local" engineer to certify the ISBU
project.
The point is this
- Architects need to fully understand the limitations and extra costs involved when
creating radical designs. The creativity must focus on simplicity, fewer cutouts, and
less designing that requires expensive engineering.
- Engineers in every locality need to become familiar with the ISBU structure. It
isn't that difficult.
- The home builder can only be successful if they align themselves with an architect
and engineer who can work together.
- The willing engineer is the critical link to the success and approval of ISBU
container construction project, whether, cabins, homes, or large office buildings
and hotels.
You don't need a cynical engineer on your project. The successful project must
include positive engineers and architects. An engineer without a positive
attitude is not an engineer.
___________________________

___________________________
Container Technology
The container technology is really quite simple. A container is not an old, rusty
shipping container, ...it is an ISBU. A strong, steel pre-fabricated unit, uniform and
extremely safe for building structures.
An engineer need only obtain the structural specifications of the steel unit and plug
them into the software. Steel is steel.
They can easily see the specifications of each rail, wall and crossmember and
quickly become confident with this technology.
We have met with many willing engineers and they were able to figure it all out
even as we sat in front of them.
You cannot under estimate the importance and value of an engineer. An engineer
can quickly be comfortable with the strengths and flexibility of an ISBU module.
Note: Not every engineer may use their analytical software properly, thus giving
incorrect calculations to the customer. Contract with only competent, successful
engineers to guide you on your project.
A positive engineer or architect will say, there's a way to do anything, then they
work creatively to find the easiest and most cost effective solution.
In our evaluation and research, we would presented the same information to
various engineers and get fairly consistent opinions and results. Yet we
consistently found one of the engineers who had very different results, opinions
and analysis. That type cynical engineer should not be used.
___________________________

___________________________
___________________________

___________________________
ISBU Building Construction
Using ISBU for building homes, apartments, cabins and offices
The Importance of Building Permits
After deciding on your design and location, the building permit is the next priority.
When our organization first began in 2007 we were shocked to learn how many of
the new ISBU Association members were building homes, cabins, and workshops
"without" a Building Permit Then many seemed to be quite amazed their city or
county Building Departments were declining their applications.
It really doesn't matter whether you are building a home with wood, brick or ISBU-when you begin without a Building Permit your project already has "two strikes"
against it.
During 2007 and 2008 the Building Permit issue was the #1 reason that ISBU
container home construction was at a standstill, ...not just in the US but in many
countries. Cities, States and Provinces were greatly concerned with the "rebel
attitude" of the "container home" culture.
We personally got involved in about 80% of the projects that were getting denied,
and more than 90% of the time the local Building Inspectors told us it was not the
container but the fact our Member had begun the project without a permit. To do
so is simply not legal!
___________________________

___________________________
Other Issues
You would be interested to know that since 1998 probably hundreds or thousands
of homes and cabins have been built using ISBU containers. The reason you were
not hearing about it is because 99% were built "illegally"!
In early 2009, our Director, Barry Naef, began on a tour to observe and document
container home projects. He began meeting with local container dealers to get lists
of customer they knew who were using ISBU for homes or cabins. He began
traveling the US from Washington to Florida, and Maine to California in his motor
home, and he did so from January to December.
Surprise #1 was to learn of so many hundreds of ISBU units that were sold for some
type of building construction. Surprise #2 was to learn that virtually none were
legal!
Because they were not built legally, most were not willing to show the projects,
allow photos, and most of all, did not want to be interviewed or have their project
published on the internet or in our Association website. All because they had "not"
obtained legal Building Permits for their projects.
"It was very frustrating and sad", said Barry, "because there are some very well
done homes and cabins out there and we could learn so much from them". "Since
they had no permits and were not legal, I was often seen as a dangerous adversary
and it was becoming quite discouraging to say the least. Everyone was afraid my
research would expose their illegal construction" of their ISBU construction
projects.
___________________________

___________________________
Photo credit: ISBU Association
(Exterior) Here is one of the un-known projects we found during the coast-to-coast tour.
This is one of the most creative designs we've seen. It is actually only "two" 40'
containers cut up, opened out, and re-connected to form this giant workshop.
Steel supports were added with sky lights along both side.
It was constructed entirely by one man. He simply obtained a "quick stamp" permit
from his local city.
___________________________

___________________________
(Interior) The workshop with skylights and recycled steel supports. 1600 sq/ft interior.
Barry visited many homes and cabins as large as 10 containers but none were built
with legal permits. One of the most beautiful was actually built, and owned, by a
small container dealer himself. The dealer was very reluctant to show or discuss it.
He proudly showed the luxury home but would not allow photos or his name
mentioned.
The home was a beautiful 7 container home, with spanned living room and
container basement. "The total square feet of the main level was over 3000 and
absolutely beautiful". said Barry. Unfortunately, except for tight lipped friends and
family, these homes and cabins will never be seen by the public, just because they
were not built legally. We are told by Canadian and Australian container dealers
they also see the same situation, with nice construction, but they did not obtain
legal building permits and people won't about them.
One thing Barry learned from this project and several others, was how to safely
install basements and containers underground. This particular container basement
___________________________

___________________________
has been successfully in use since 1997 in a meadow with low ground water. More
of this information will be included in our "Thinking Deep" BizGuide.
Getting permits and building these units legally is critical for the short term and also
long term. How can you possibly sell a home or cabin that was not built legally?
From what we've seen, there are many jurisdictions that will just easily give a
permit for a cabin, as long as it's done in advance and they know the basics of the
use and design.
However for the rest of us, in most populated areas, we must go through the
standard process. For that reason we have created the "Getting Approved Report"
and assisted in the creation of the SIR certification back in Spring of 2009.
Summary
- Get your project done legally
- Read the "Getting Approved Report"
- Don't use the words "shipping containers"
- Use the term "ISBU modules" or steel prefab units
- Have a good architectural design and be prepared you you apply
- Have all major structural modifications stamped by a local engineer
- Guarantee your ability to resell your project by building legally
___________________________

___________________________
Cutting and Modifications
First, we strongly recommend the modifications of any ISBU project be performed

by an experienced welder. They already have the tools and expertise to accomplish
anything you need done. Although most cutting and modification are not very
complicated, an experienced welder can usually do it quickly and with better
precision.
If you choose to hire a welder be certain to have every cut and weld planned well in
advance so the welder's time and cost is more efficient.
An experienced welder can be a container dealer or metal shop, but also can
include a college student or welding hobbyist if the plans are basic and if the
project does not involve any extreme engineering. The cost savings can be
substantial.
All methods of cutting require the proper goggles, eye wear, hearing protection
and safety equipment when cutting and grinding the container.
___________________________

___________________________
ISBU's cut for building and construction
Types of steel cutting equipment

There are three basic types used on containers and related steel.
Although a container is extremely strong, it is principally due to it's corrugation,
Corten steel, and extremely well engineered design. The steel itself is simple to cut,
modify and weld using either of the following types of equipment.
You will often see a steel cutting saw used to cut containers, although the Plasma
torch is growing in popularity there are many in the trade who prefer the steel saw
method.
___________________________

___________________________
1) Circular Metal Saw
The steel saws used to cut and modify containers are made specifically for cutting
steel. They are generally higher HP with well designed handles for better control
and safety.
The professional steel saw can be purchased for $350 to $600, about half the initial
cost of Plasma cutters. The saw blade is usually a carbide blade and comes in
various qualities.
Positive:
- Low initial cost
- Easy to cut straight lines
Negative:
- Blade replacement is high
- Loudest noise
- Rough, sharp edges that require extensive grinding
- Slower than a Plasma cutter
- Can only cut straight lines. Nothing else
___________________________

___________________________
Stock photo
Steel Circular Saw- One of many types and brands available
This type is very stable for straight cuts and higher HP or Amp units provide the
smoothest cut.
___________________________

___________________________
Container cut in half using the steel saw leaving some sharp, jagged edges.
A circular steel saw is known for leaving rough edges but you should note that the
speed of the saw can have much to do with the cut quality.
All cutting will need to be smoothed with a grinder, even if you use a Plasma torch.
However the Plasma torch will be the smoothest of all the methods available.
A low power (Amp) circular saw can cause the roughest edges. A higher power,
heavy duty saw with carbide blade can offer the smoothest circular saw cut.
___________________________

___________________________
Container cutting. Froebe project, Austria.
Photo credit: Froebe
This is an example of a heavy duty circular saw with carbide blade. This will require
less sanding and grinding than some circular saws.
___________________________

___________________________
A steel cutting and training exercise by emergency workers.
This type circular saw can often provide straighter cuts due to the front & rear hand
holds for stability.
___________________________

___________________________
2) Plasma Cutting Torch
The plasma torch is gaining great popularity as a steel cutter and especially for use
in the modification of containers. Our staff and most professionals we know prefer
the plasma torch greatly over the steel saw method.
The plasma cutter is very light and fast. It is often described, "like cutting through
butter". Unless you've used one you can't comprehend it's ease and flexibility.
The cost of a plasma torch is generally from $750 to $1050 for a 15-20 amp/120v unit
which is quite sufficient to cut anything on a container. Those of us who have used
both types of cutting generally prefer the plasma torch.
If you are a contractor the plasma torch is generally so much more efficient, faster,
and less grinding, that you can bid a project and be more competitive if necessary.
It will pay for itself quite fast due to speed and no blade replacement.
The only thing we have noticed is that we need a good stable steel guide clamped
near the cutting line. The torch cuts so easily it is sometimes a problem to keep a
straight line without a steady guide.
Positive:
- Easy to use. Smoother edges
- Low noise level
- Fast cutting up to 1/4" (7mm)
- No fuel costs and no blades to replace
- Clean cuts that require very little, or no grinding
- Can use to cut small round holes or tiny squares.
Negative:
- Higher cost than a circular saw
___________________________

___________________________
Plasma cutting torch.
The Plasma is the over all favorite for use in cutting a container.
It is the quietest, least maintenance, fastest and cleanest cuts especially for walls,
doors, windows and cutting roof holes for stairways.
If you are attempting to cut a container in half, then the circular saw may be the
fastest and easiest to cut through the wider corner tubing and floor crossmembers.
If you are performing standard modifications, the Plasma is easiest and cleanest.
___________________________

___________________________
Small holes, designs and circles made with plasma cutter in thick steel.
This is a poor quality photo, however it shows the versatility of the Plasma torch.
The Plasma torch is an excellent tool for cutting holes for electrical conduit and
plumbing in the under structure and walls of the ISBU project.
___________________________

___________________________
Precision cutting and smooth edges produced by a plasma cutter attached to a CNC machine.
We wanted to add this photo to demonstrate how versatile and smooth the Plasma
torch is. These are very smooth and precise cutouts that need no sanding.
Cutting doors, windows and utility holes with a Plasma torch can cut labor costs by
as much as 50% due to the cutting speed and less need of grinding the final surface.
___________________________

___________________________
One of many good quality brands and types of Plasma cutting torches.
As this photo demonstrates, a larger amperage Plasma torch can also cut through
extremely thick steel, though not generally necessary for ISBU modifications.
___________________________

___________________________
3) Reciprocal Saw
The reciprocating saw can be used as a steel cutter too, but with some caution.
Reciprocal saws: Corded or Rechargeable models
Cutting steel with these saws can be done, but you need a heavy duty model with
power and good front and rear grips. You need to go slow but they are usable.
The professional models can be purchased for $180 to $400, about 1/3 the initial
cost of Plasma cutters. The saw blade is usually a carbide blade and comes in
various qualities.
Positive:
- Low initial cost
- Easy to cut straight lines and slight curves
Negative:
- Blade replacement is frequent
- Slower, careful cutting to avoid kick back and broken blades
- If you are doing much work the Plasma cutter is the best option
___________________________

___________________________
Drill a hole in the steel so you can insert the saw blade
Photo credit: Beau Mobile
Move slowly to keep a straight line and avoid the saw from binding and also kicking back
___________________________

___________________________
Finishing the window cut
Summary
The reciprocal saw is often used to avoid the expense of a Plasma cutter. However,
a Plasma cutter is so much faster and cleaner you will probably save enough labor
cost to compensate for the Plasma cutter purchase.
The reciprocal saw leaves a smoother finish than a circular saw but still needs to
be ground and sanded.
___________________________

___________________________
Joining, Connecting, & Stacking
Joining and Connecting containers is neither a difficult or complicated task.
There has been much confusion in recent years due to inaccurate information in
container publications, blogs and also some photos on the internet.
We won't attempt to understand why these incorrect statements have been made,
but we will explain the simple fact of joining and connecting multiple ISBU
containers.
The information we will list below is basic and general. You can obtain more details
by going to the chapters that are specific to your use:
- ISBU Building Construction (available in v 6.0 on August 9)
- ISBU Technology Shells (available in v 6.0 on August 9)
- ISBU Storage Units (available in v 6.0 on August 9)
Permanent or Temporary?
Some of the confusion is caused by misunderstanding there are two different
categories in joining and connecting containers.
- Permanent connections
- Temporary connections
It is this simple:
- Permanent containers and projects are permanently welded firmly together on
sides, ends, tops, and bottoms.
- Temporary containers and projects are only temporarily joined together on sides,
ends, tops, and bottoms using temporary locking devices.
___________________________

___________________________
The most common "temporary" locking devices:
Graphic credit: ISBU Association
It's really that simple. There are many other type ISO connectors and stabilizers, but
these are the basic connectors you will use for temporary placement and joining of
your container project.
These can be used for one hour, one month, or ever 10 years, ...but they are
temporary, solid, and can become easily removed when you are ready.
- Bridge Fitting: to couple the units generally on the tops.
- Twist Locks: to couple the units generally on the sides and middle.
- Raised Deck: is generally to be welded to a foundation, then the container
bottom corners mount to the foundation using the Twist Lock.
These are available from various sources. The number of distributors globally has
approximately doubled in the past two years.
___________________________

___________________________
Graphic credit: ISBU Association
For temporary construction projects only.

Permanent projects do not generally use these connectors.
___________________________

___________________________
The permanent ISBU construction are welded together at the corners. The "bridge
fitting" may be used during the welding process, but then they are removed.
See the categories below for more detail and diagrams on joining and welding tips.
- ISBU Building Construction (available in v 6.0 on August 9)
- ISBU Technology Shells (available in v 6.0 on August 9)
- ISBU Storage Units (available in v 6.0 on August 9)
Stacking
The stacking of containers should only be attempted by experienced persons and
using the proper equipment.
- Fork Lift
A large type fork lift is commonly used to move and stack containers only two (2)
levels, and only 20' containers. Attempting to stack beyond 2 levels is nearly
impossible with a standard heavy duty fork lift. Attempting to move a 40'
container using a fork lift can be quite dangerous and is not recommended.
- Crane
A crane or boom must be used to stack and move containers higher than 2 levels.
The crane is the only recommended method to move or stack 40' containers
safely unless the fork lift has a special attachment.
After stacking the containers, whether for permanent or temporary use, the
containers should be secured immediately either by welding or with the use of the
various ISO connectors shown above.
___________________________

___________________________
___________________________

___________________________
___________________________

___________________________
Architectural Drawings: 2D TIF Format
Open these drawings on any PC or MacArchitectural drawings and templates are an absolute necessity for planning and
designing and ISBU container project. They are the essential base used by building
contractors, designers, architects, engineers, and the DIY consumer.
These are quick, easy-to-use container drawings that open in any graphic software
program on every PC. They require no additional software programs to use. Simply
double click on them and they open in your computer.
These are high resolution copies of the professional Architectural CAD drawings
and show the exact measurements of all main container pieces.
For other DIY easy-to-use 3D drawings see

the G-Series 3D for use with Google SketchUp
___________________________

___________________________
20GP ISO Container
Main detail
Exploded view
Ends view
Side detail
End detail
Side view
Top view
Underside view
Click here to Download Drawings

You will need your Username & Password
20GP
Dimensions
Metric Standard
US Standard
External
Length
Width
Height
6058
2438
2591
20'
8'
8'-6
Internal
Length
Width
Height
5898
2352
2393
19'-4 13/64"
7'-8 19/32
7'-10 7/32
___________________________

___________________________
20HC ISO Container
Main detail
Exterior detail
Exploded view
Side view
Ends view
Side detail
Top view
End detail
Underside view

20HC
Dimensions
Metric Standard
US Standard
External
Length
Width
Height
6058
2438
2896
20'
8'
9'-6
Internal
Length
Width
Height
5898
2352
2698
19'-4 13/64"
7'-8 19/32
8'-10 7/32
___________________________

___________________________
40GP ISO Container
Main detail
Exploded view
Underside view
Ends view
Side detail
Top view
Underside Gooseneck
Angle view
Top detail
Wall cut-away

40GP
Dimensions
Metric Standard
US Standard
External
Length
Width
Height
12192
2438
2591
40'
8'
8'-6
Internal
Length
Width
Height
12032
2352
2393
39'-5 45/64"
7'-8 19/32
7'-10 7/32
___________________________

___________________________
40HC ISO Container
Main detail
Exploded view
Underside view
Ends view
Top detail
Side detail
Top view
Underside Gooseneck
Angle view
Wall cut-away

40HC
Dimensions
Metric Standard
US Standard
External
Length
Width
Height
12192
2438
2896
40'
8'
9'-6
Internal
Length
Width
Height
12032
2352
2698
39'-5 45/64"
7'-8 19/32
8'-10 7/32
For real-time 360 views in 3D without purchasing professional software,

check out our G-Series templates for use with SketchUp
___________________________

___________________________
___________________________

___________________________
Architectural Drawings: SketchUp Format
Open these drawings using free version Google SketchUpArchitectural drawings and templates are an absolute necessity for planning and
These Google SketchUp templates are called our "G-Series" and can only be easily
used with DIY free version of SketchUp.
- G-Series Standard are fairly detailed versions which are made directly from our
professional 2D CAD drawings.
- G-Series Pro are more detailed versions which are made directly from our
professional 3D CAD drawings.
Both template versions are easy to use, however professional architects and
engineers prefer the PRO version even though they can use the 3D CAD software.
One reason is that SketchUp is easily used by an office staff even if they have no
drafting skills or experience. It's great for making cut-away photos and screen shots
with little or no experience.
These are high resolution copies of the professional Architectural CAD drawings
and show the exact measurements of all main container pieces. SKT format.
___________________________

___________________________
Google SketchUp ISO ContainerG-Series Standard
20GP G-STD
20HC G-STD
40GP G-STD
40HC G-STD
Specs

G-Series Professional
20GP G-PRO
20HC G-PRO
40GP G-PRO
40HC G-PRO
Specs

___________________________

___________________________
Google SketchUp SoftwareThe Google SketchUp 3D software application is "free", but no exactly easy to use
without some experience.
Our templates for SketchUp however, are quite easy to use, and have many uses.
You can download the free version from the link below.
Google SketchUp "free" software program:
[ DOWNLOAD ]
___________________________

___________________________
___________________________

___________________________
Architectural Drawings: 2D CAD Format
Architectural drawings and templates are an absolute necessity for planning and
These 2D CAD templates can only be used with professional software programs, or
may be viewed with the free viewer.
These are high resolution copies of the professional Architectural CAD drawings and
show the exact measurements of all main container pieces. DWG, DXF, TIF.
NOTE: For other Professional and DIY easy-to-use 3D drawings, see the G-Series 3D for
use with Google SketchUp.
___________________________

___________________________
2D CAD ISO Container-
20GP 2D CAD
20HC 2D CAD
40GP 2D CAD
40HC 2D CAD

2D CAD ViewerIf you do not have a professional 2D CAD program or any professional skills you can still view 2D
CAD drawings and templates. You may easily view and zoom the files with a "free" CAD Viewer.
Viewer Only: You must have Professional CAD software to make modifications.
AutoDesk DWG TrueView, for 2D & 3D CAD:
[ DOWNLOAD ]
SolidWorks E-Drawing Viewer, for 2D & 3D CAD: [ DOWNLOAD ]
___________________________

___________________________
___________________________

___________________________
___________________________

___________________________
Architectural Drawings: 3D CAD Format
Architectural drawings and templates are an absolute necessity for planning and
These 3D CAD templates can only be used with professional software programs, or
may be viewed with the free viewer.
These are high resolution copies of the professional Architectural CAD drawings and
show the exact measurements of all main container pieces. 3DS, DWG, DXF.
NOTE: For other Professional and DIY easy-to-use 3D drawings, see the G-Series 3D for
use with Google SketchUp.
___________________________

___________________________
3D CAD ISO Container-
20GP 3D CAD
20HC 3D CAD
40GP 3D CAD
40HC 3D CAD

3D CAD ViewerIf you do not have a professional 3D CAD program or any professional skills you can still view 3D
CAD drawings and templates. You may easily view and zoom the files with a "free" CAD Viewer.
AutoDesk DWG TrueView, for 2D & 3D CAD:
[ DOWNLOAD ]
SolidWorks E-Drawing Viewer, for 2D & 3D CAD: [ DOWNLOAD ]
___________________________

___________________________
___________________________

___________________________
Questions & Comments
Ask a question so we either know what we missed, or we need to explain it better.
Ask A Question, or Make A Comment

Please ask a question regarding any of the topics. You name will not be posted.
Send your Questions & Comments to:

comments@isbu-info.org
You can read the answers to your questions in the FAQ section.
The answers will be reviewed and posted in 3-5 days.
Thanks for participating.
___________________________

___________________________
___________________________

___________________________
FAQ- Frequently Asked Questions
If it's not here, just ask. We will post the answer
Your Questions - Our Answers
Q: What programs will open the CAD drawings?

A: There are two ways to use the CAD files. The Viewer, which anyone can use
without experience just to open, rotate and view; but to modify the files and
change them you will need experience and must use a Professional CAD program
such as AutoCAD.
Q: Why do some engineers say you should not bury containers?
A: 99.9% of engineers know they can be buried without problems. You are probably
reading something from an engineer who is quite cynical in his approach to
anything. Of course, it must be done with proper modifications.
Rusting has many excellent solutions these days and is used by many professions.
The roof can simply be reinforced with concrete which makes the project very safe,
very strong and very realistic.
There is a right way, and a wrong way for everything. We will publish some simple
and realistic solutions soon.
___________________________

___________________________
Q: I read a book that suggests covering two joined containers with a rubber or
metal stripping. Where can I find the stripping?
A: There are easier and better ways to fill the gap. That process of using a strip was
great many years ago, but in the past few years most builders have been using
spray foam insulation either from the small cans or from a small tank to fill any
gaps between containers. It is very quick and simple and will last for decades.
Q: Do you have any pre-made engineering calculations for cutting and reinforcing
containers that are modified.
A: No, there are too many variables to offer that information. A few of our
Members have told us they may publish such pre-made calculations but none
have yet done so.
We are told by many engineers it would be near impossible to do it accurately
without knowing the exact design.
Someone will need to create specific building designs; have an engineer approve
the modifications of each plan, then the pre-made plan itself can be sold.
Q: I'm confused. Is it really essential to perform a total refinishing and paint to the
exterior of containers when building home or cabin? I see a few blogs and a video
of a company in Costa Rica but these guys are only doing a light sand and painting
over to the containers. Will it work?
A: As with all building contractors and projects, some do it, and some do it right.
How long do you want the work to last?
If you were in a totally dry climate like Nevada, Arizona, or the Mid-East, you might
___________________________

___________________________
get away with just a light sand and paint. In the rest of the world, especially those
with normal to high humidity, the light sand and paint is not acceptable for long
term construction projects. You can do it, or do it right. A professional will not
cut corners at the base of the project.
Q: Must I know anything special regarding electrical connections or wiring.
A: No, there is nothing different about and ISBU based building than any other type
building. All must be built to meet Building Codes and they are quite standard.
A wall is a wall, whether made of wood, concrete, or steel. The same boxes, wires,
and connections apply to all.
Q: Do you know of any ISBU workshops?
A: No, various people have discussed it, however none have ever been organized.
There are some good reasons for this. The best is that cutting, modifying and
building with an ISBU is really no different than any other construction. You are
simply connecting and cutting prefabricated modules. Then wiring, plumbing, and
insulating them as with any other building method.
Q: I'm curious if any research has been done regarding application of ceramic
insulation to both the interior and exterior of a structure, versus the
outside only. Would a dual application increase the retention
of cool or warm air inside a conditioned structure to the point that it
would be economically wise to do it at the start of construction.
A: No actual and specific testing has been done.
___________________________

___________________________
Due to the low cost of adding the ceramic powder to a paint, there is no reason
not to use it inside and out from the beginning. There are many other benefits to
using this in your coating. Please refer to the Ceramic Coating Reports in the
Member Section.
Q: I am interested in the structural tests and engineering of an ISBU HQ
container. I need it for the local Building Inspector.
A: We have the structural specifications in two areas. 1) In the CAD drawings
section. 2) In the Getting Approved Report in the Member Section.
For your convenience, we will be adding a section in this publication shortly.
Q: I have a coal burning plant 40 miles from my home selling fly ash cheap!
I am hoping to screen it down and try to make eco-crete for insulating
a shipping container and if I have small spheres try some insulating paint .
A: Fly ash does contain the cenospheres that are used in Ceramic coatings, however
they must be filtered out as you mention. Without filtering, the Fly ash alone would
not have the same effect as pure cenospheres used in Ceramic coatings.
Q: Do Jindo 1995 40ft HC containers and your 40ft HC specs provided in container
Tech. A-Z book same. I mean: Is information provided in your specs compatible with
Jindo 1995 containers? Your clarification will be very highly appreciated.
A: Jindo brand of containers meet all ISO specifications so in that regard the
strength and basic structure will be the same.
___________________________

___________________________
A 1995 model may have some slight differences in the roof corrugation but nothing
that would effect your basic drawings and usage for ISBU construction.
Q: I am a new Research member and am trying to obtain city approval for a 20ft
container garage conversion. I am submitting a permit to the city and need 'product
approval' information. The building department will require specifications on wind
velocities. Can you direct me to information regarding this documentation?
A: The specifications listed in our Architectural Drawings and in the Getting
Approved Report are only valid for an basic un-modified container.
That strength and data may change depending on your building design. If so, you
will need an engineer to review it, as with any other type construction.
Q: What type of health hazard is there with welding/cutting of the ISBU, fumes?
A: That is a valid question. If the ISBU is washed there would be nothing different
than cutting or welding any other steel material or structure. It's very safe.
Q: Can you provide a drawing showing how a typical 40ft container is built.
More specifically a drawing showing the sidewalls.
A: The drawing and information are quite detailed in the Architectural Drawings
chapter. Our new Search function should help locating those items now.
Q: Today I got in an argument with my container dealer regarding the cleaning and
painting process. He is only sanding and painting certain scratches and dents and
not resurfacing the entire container. Your book says to sand blast and refinish. ??
___________________________

___________________________
(Note: we contacted the reader to learn the actual use of his container)
A: Your container dealer is correct. If you read our words carefully you will see we
make it clear regarding the intended use of the containers.
If for long term building & construction of homes, shelters, etc. it is recommended
that everything be taken down to bare metal, primered and refinished so you can
have that guarantee of 20-50 years without rust or corrosion.
However, we also state that when used for storage units as you are doing, there
is no need for this. Your container dealer is doing all that is needed unless you
really prefer a full recondition and pay extra.
Q: I was hoping to see more detail on How To steps and some house designs.
A: Now the new format is complete we will be adding more of those topics and
designs daily. It will be quite complete by the time we reach Version 6.0 August 14.
Please submit your questions.
___________________________

___________________________
___________________________

___________________________
___________________________

Container Technology A-Z PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Container Technology A-Z PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Container Technology A-Z

Container Architecture and ISBU Technology