R.RAMAKRISHNAN.

EX-SCIENTIST.MERADO.
ASNT LEVEL III.
 RADIOGRAPHY OF WELDS
THE WELDING DISCONTINUITIES OF AND DEFECTS
CAN BE CLASSIFIED IN TO

VOLUME DISCONTINUITIES
PLANNAR DISCONTINUITIES
LINEAR DISCONTINUITIES

RADIOGRAPHY IS THE BEST METHOD TO RECORD

VOLUME DISCONTINUITIES.

ULTRASONIC IS BEST SUITED FOR VOLUME & PLANNAR

DISCONTINUITIES.
 VOLUME DISCONTINUITIES
1. POROSITY - INDIVIDUAL, CLUSTER,ALIGNED,RANDOM
WORM HOLES,HOLLOW BEAD.
2. INCLUSIONS - NON METALLIC&METALIC,SLAG,SLAG
LINE(WAGON TRACKS)
3. BURN THROUGH
4. SUCKBACK OR CONCAVITY.

2 1
3 4
 PLANNAR
DISCONTINUITIES
LOF BETWEEN PASSES.
LAMINATION IN PLATES
NOT DETECTED BY RADIOGRAPHY
LINEAR DISCONTINUITIES

1. LOF BETWEEN SIDEWALLS AND WELD

2. INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
3. CRACKS
4. MISMATCH WITH IF.
5. INCOMPLETE FUSION AT ROOT OR CAP.
RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES
SWSI

FILM SCREEN COMBINATION

 FILM
IQI

s
IQI
IQI

SOURCE INSIDE
FILM OUTSIDE
SWSI“ PANAROMIC EXPOSURE ”
SWSI
S

FILM

IQI

SOURCE INSIDE
FILM OUTSIDE
 SWSI

S
FILM

SOURCE OUTSIDE
FILM INSIDE
SWSI
S1 S2

15° S1 - F1
S2 - F2
10° - 15° OFFSET TO
PENETRATE THE ROOT
F1
TWO INDIVIDUAL EXPOSURES
ON TWO SEPARATE FILMS
SWSI S2
THROUGH S1
PENETRATION
WELD
45°

F1

S1 - F1
S2 - F2
TWO INDIVIDUAL EXPOSURES
ON TWO SEPARATE FILMS
SWSI S2
LAP JOINT

10°- 15°
F1

10°- 15° F2

S1- F1
S2- F2
S1 TWO INDIVIDUAL EXPOSURES
ON TWO SEPARATE FILMS
DWSI
DWSI FOR LARGE CS JOINTS,
CROSS COUNTRY PIPE LINES,
S SOURCE OUTSIDE, FILM
OUTSIDE, IQI ON FILM SIDE

MIN. SFD > OD OF PIPE

FILM
WELD IS SEGMENTED TO COVER
THE ENTIRE GRITH + OVERLAP.
DWDI PIPES<3½” OD
OD/ID RATIO LESS THAN 2

ELLIPTICAL
FILM IMAGE

TWO EXPOSURES AT 90° APART TO

COVER COMPLETE VOLUME OF WELD
 PIPE OD < 3½”
DWDI SUPERIMPOSED OD/ID> 2.
No. OF SHOTS
REQD.
1.7 X OD/ID
( To the Next
Highest integer)

Not Covered in Two

Exposures At 90°
Apart.
Double Wall super
Imposed Image
interpreted for Both
sides of Welds
SOURCE SIDE
FILM SIDE IMAGES
OVERLAPED
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
CRACKS

HAZ
T

S
MISMATCH WITH IF
CAP INCOMPLETE FUSION
ROOT INCOMPLETE FUSION
THANK
YOU

- RADIANT NDT SERVICES