Effective

stroke

Upward - retarded
Chamber Pressurized Lately

normal

Downward - advanced
Chamber Pressurised Early

angle
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80

rate
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

time
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0

lift
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

25

20

15

rate

time
10

lift

0
0

50

100

150

200