A.

Cc bo co chung

MT S GII PHP TRONG CNG TC TH NGHIM

CHN ON NGN NGA S C MY BIN P
Phm Hu Nhn, Nguyn S Chng, Phan Nam Thanh,
Hng Mnh Quang, Nguyn Trng Hi, Nguyn S Huy Cng
Cng ty Th nghim in min Nam - Tng Cng ty in lc min Nam
Tm tt: Th nghim chn on h hng thit b in ng vai tr quan trng trong
lnh vc th nghim cao p. Vi d liu o c, c th nh gi c chnh xc tnh
trng ca cch in trong cc thit b nh: Cp lc, my pht, my bin p Tuy
nhin,hin nay ti Vit Nam, lnh vc ny cha c pht trin mnh. Nhm nghin
cu tm hiu v xut mt s gii php kt hp hu hiu nh: phng php
phn tch DGA, phng php o phng in cc b, phng php phn tch p ng
tn s, th nghim cao p s dng khng ni tip v bin i tn s. Trn c s nghin
cu v kt qu thu c ban u, nhm tc gi xut cc gii php trin khai p
dng ng dng cc thit b chn on vo cng tc chn on ngn nga h hng
MBA.
1. TNG QUAN
1.1. Hin trng vn hnh v nhu cu thc t
Theo truyn thng t trc n nay, Phng php ph bin theo di phng in cc b l
phn tch hm lng kh ha tan (DGA- Dissolved Gas Analysis) trong du cch in.
Phng php ny phn tch cc loi kh sinh ra trong qu trnh vn hnh my bin p (MBA).
T c th pht hin cc h hng bn trong MBA nh: phng in cc b, qu nhit,
u im ca phng php ny l: d bo c khuynh hng pht trin ca phng in.
Nhc im l: Ch da vo phng php DGA, th khng c s a MBA ra khi Vn
hnh, khng xc nh c v tr khuyt tt trong ni b thit b.
V vy, phng php DGA khng phi l phng php ti u v duy nht. Cn kt hp cc
phng php chn on:
Phng in cc b (PD/electric, PD/UHF-Ultra High Frequency, PD/Acoustic).
Phn tch p ng tn s (FRA: Frequency Respond Analysis).
1.2. t vn

13

HI NGH KHOA HC V CNG NGH IN LC TON QUC 2014

Do yu cu v cht lng in cung cp ngy cng cao.
Cng ngh mi trn th gii v lnh vc chn on h hng thit b trn h thng in ngy
cng pht trin.
Tm quan trng ca my bin p:
Khi h hng s lm gin on thi gian cung cp in, thit hi ln v kinh t.
Phng in cc b l mt trong cc nguyn nhn gy h hng MBA, m hin nay hu nh cha
kim sot c.
gim thiu cc s c MBA, vic kim tra v chn on tnh trng cch in trong MBA l
rt cn thit
Ti EVN, vic qun l v nh gi cht lng MBA ang vn hnh trn h thng vn ch quy
nh p dng cc hng mc th nghim thng thng (routine test) cho my bin p.
Tuy nhin, nu theo cc hng mc trn, i khi cha c s nh gi tnh trng lo ha
cch in v cc h hng tim n bn trong MBA. iu ny dn n c th xy ra cc h hng
nng n ngoi mun.
Cng ngh sn xut thit b chn on hin nay c: thit b pht hin im pht nhit (hot spot), thit b gim st hm lng kh chy trong du, o phng in cc b trong MBA, phn
tch p ng tn s (FRA)
V vy gii php nghin cu pht trin lnh vc th nghim chn on cc h hng tim n trong
MBA l cn thit.
2. GII THIU K THUT O PHNG IN CC B (PD)
2.1. Vi nt v o phng in cc b (PD)
Phng in cc b trong cc thit b in cao p thng th hin cc dng:
Phng in b mt,
Phng in do vt nt, bt kh, khuyt tt,
S khng ng nht ca in mi,
t nng v phn ng ha hc.

o phng in cc b trong MBA l mt phng php c chp nhn (IEC 60270) [1]
kim sot cht lng ca thit b khi xut xng v khi vn hnh.

2.2. Cc phng php pht hin PD

14

A. Cc bo co chung
2.2.1. Phng php truyn thng
o theo tiu chun IEC 60270 bng thng 100 500 kHz dng pht hin, nh lng,
theo di xu hng pht trin PD;
Pht hin ha hc: phn tch sinh kh trong du (DGA).
2.2.2. Cc phng php khng truyn thng
Pht hin bng phng php o lng siu cao tn UHF;
Pht hin m thanh (Acoustic).
2.3. Nguyn l
2.3.1. Phng php PD theo tiu chun IEC 60270
o cc xung dng xut hin trong qu trnh phng in cc b.
Cc xung dng phng in cc b ni trn trong MBA v cc thit b in khc c chu
k nh hn 1 s. Tn hiu PD c thu thng qua Bushing tap hoc coupling capacitor.

Phng php ny o in tch biu kin vi gi tr c xc nh bng pC.

Phng php ny c p dng cho th nghim xut xng cc thit b cao p v theo di
PD nh k xem xt xu hng, tc pht trin ca PD.
2.3.2. Phng php o phng in cc b bng sng m (PD Acoustic)
Hin tng phng in cc b sinh ra cc sng m vi bin rt b v tn s cao. Cc
song m s truyn qua cc vt liu cch in (rn, lng) truyn ti v thng MBA
ri n cc sensor c b tr thch hp. Bng vic di chuyn v tr cc sensor kt ni vi
my nh v PD Acoustic c th nh v c tng i chnh xc cc im pht sinh
phng in cc b bn trong MBA;

Ngoi ra, cc sng m cng truyn ti v i qua ng ni t ca v thit b ri n

bin dng cao tn c b tr ti dy ni t hoc trung tnh MBA;

Phng php ny o ln phng in cc b vi gi tr c xc nh bng mV.

2.3.3. Phng php o phng in cc b bng UHF
Hin tng phng in cc b cng sinh ra cc sng siu cao tn (UHF);
S dng cm bin siu cao tn (UHF sensor) gn vo van x du ca MBA ly tn hiu
PD, km theo mt b kch hot (trigger) trong qu trnh o;
Phng php ny o ln phng in cc b vi gi tr c xc nh bng mV.

2.3.4. Phng php phn tch kh ha tan trong du (DGA)

15

HI NGH KHOA HC V CNG NGH IN LC TON QUC 2014

Trong qu trnh vn hnh MBA, du cch in lm vic nhit cao, trong cng trng
in t cao, b phn hy v din ra theo c ch ph v mch C-H v C-C to thnh hydro
nguyn t v cc radical hydrocarbon. Cc sn phm rt hot ha va mi sinh ra ny kt hp
vi nhau hnh thnh kh H2, CH4, C2H6 v hydrocarbon mi. Khi c cc ngun nhit ln sinh
ra trong MBA (qu nhit mi ni, phng in cc b hoc phng h quang) s phn hy din
ra mnh hn v sn sinh thm kh C2H4 v C2H2 v thm ch l c carbon dng ht. Ngm trong
du c giy cch in (cellulose) v cc vt liu cch in rn, do qu trnh phn hy v sinh ra
cc kh CO2, CO. Do vy trong th nghim v hm lng kh trong du cch in s gip ngi
qun l vn hnh chn on sm tnh trng vn hnh MBA.
K thut phn tch kh ha tan trong du cch in v theo di tc sinh kh chy gip ta phn
on mt cch cht ch nguyn nhn no kh sinh ra, nh gi h hng trong MBA c
bin php khc phc m bo cho MBA vn hnh an ton t hiu qu kinh t cao nht trn li
in.
3. THIT B TH NGHIM CHN ON PD CA CNG TY TH NGHIM IN
MIN NAM
3.1. o phng in cc b
Hin ti Cng ty Th nghim in min Nam (TNDMN) c mt b my o phng in cc
b (PD/Electric) 3 pha, 3 knh c lp p dng trong phng th nghim theo tiu chun IEC
60270 v cng c kh nng th nghim ti hin trng.
Vi b my o phng in cc b c trang b Cng ty TNMN th nghim hng mc th
nghim phng in cc b ti phng th nghim cho cc PT, CT t 24 kV n 110 kV, cc my
bin p 3pha phn phi sau sa cha.
Ngoi ra thit b c kh nng th nghim on-line ngoi hin trng cho cc thit b in 110kV,
my bin p 110 kV, cp cao trung p c chiu di ngn.
3.2. Th nghim DGA
Cng ty Th nghim in min Nam hin c 2 h thng phn tch kh ha tan trong du vi chc
nng :
S dng phng php ASTM D3612-C. H thng ct PLOT (mao qun) c gii hn pht hin
thp (1 ppm), gip pht hin chnh xc tt c cc kh, c bit kh H2 v C2H2 sinh ra do phng
in (cc b, h quang..). C kh nng pht hin: 9 kh gm H2, O2, N2, CH4, CO, CO2, C2H4,
C2H6 v C2H2.
T c th chn on, pht hin sm cc h hng bn trong my bin p, theo di cc din
bin h hng ln phng n khc phc.
4. PHNG PHP PHN TCH P NG TN S (FRA)

16

A. Cc bo co chung
4.1. Gii thiu
Vic mt i tnh nguyn vn c hc ban u ca MBA lc nh s bin dng ca cun dy, s
dch chuyn ca li thp, l do tc ng ca cc lc in c ln, m nguyn nhn l do cc
dng in s c, vic co ngt ca cun dy dn n vic ni lng lc p, cc vn ny sinh
trong qu trnh vn chuyn v lp t gy nn.
S bin dng ca cun dy v vic dch chuyn ca li thp ny nu khng c pht hin sm
thng s chuyn thnh mt h hng v in mi hoc v nhit. Loi h hng ny l khng th
thay i c v ch c khc phc bng cch i tu MBA nh qun li cun dy, sa cha li
li thp hoc thay th hon ton my bin p.
V vy rt cn thit phi kim tra s nguyn vn v c ca cc MBA mi lp t sau qu trnh
vn chuyn, cng nh cc MBA ang vn hnh mt cch nh k v c bit sau cc s c ngn
mch, nhm nh gi tnh trng bt thng v a ra cnh bo sm v h hng c th xy ra.
hn chc nm nay, cc hng ch to thit b chn on MBA trn th gii a ra v p
dng mt k thut mi gii quyt rt hiu qu vn ny, l K thut phn tch p ng
tn s (FRA- Frequency Response Analysis).
4.2. C s ca vic phn tch p ng tn s
MBA c xem l mt mch phc hp bao gm cc phn t R,L,C. Cc phn t R,L,C ny
hnh thnh l do kt cu hnh hc ca MBA, cc thng s nh in tr, in cm ca cun dy;
in dung gia cc bi dy, cc cun dy vi nhau, gia cun dy v li thp, gia li thp v
v thng, gia v thng v cun dy, Tuy nhin, n gin ha, c th s dng mt mch
tng ng vi cc phn t R,L,C nh minh ha hnh 1 gii thch mt cch chnh xc
nguyn l ca k thut p ng tn s.
Bt k dng h hng vt l no ca MBA u dn n nhng thay i thng s R, L, C ca
mch tng ng ni trn. Nhng thay i ny, d nh u c th pht hin c bng
phng php Phn tch p ng tn s (FRA).
Phn tch p ng tn s c tin hnh bng cch a tn hiu in p thp c cc tn s thay
i vo cc cun dy ca MBA. Sau , o c hai tn hiu u vo v u ra. T s ca hai tn
hiu ny cho ta dng p ng tn s ca MBA. T s ny c gi l hm truyn ca MBA.
T ta c th thu c cc gi tr v ln v gc pha. Vi cc tn s khc nhau, s thu c
cc hm truyn khc nhau.
Bt k s bin dng hnh hc no ca MBA u dn n thay i mch tng ng R, L, C.
S thay i ny ko theo s thay i ca hm truyn cc tn s khc nhau, t c th nhn
bit cc h hng ca MBA.
5. H THNG TH NGHIM CAO P S DNG KHNG NI TIP V BIN I
TN S

17

HI NGH KHOA HC V CNG NGH IN LC TON QUC 2014

5.1. Gii thiu
Ngy nay, thc hin th nghim cao p trn cc loi i tng khc nhau ngi ta s dng
cc h thng th nghim AC s dng nguyn l cng hng ni tip. Trong phn ny ch yu
gii thiu vic th nghim cao p AC bng phng php cng hng ni tip. Hin tng cng
hng ny c to ra khng phi bng cch bin i in khng m bng cch iu chnh
tn s.
H thng th nghim cao p tn s bin i c t s cng sut th nghim/trng lng thit b l
ti u hn so vi cc h thng th nghim AC khc nh my bin p th nghim s dng khng
iu chnh. Do , h thng th nghim AC s dng bin i tn s lm gim trng lng, kch
thc v gi thnh ca b th. Hp b th nghim AC tn s bin i c bit ph hp thc
hin th nghim trn cc i tng in dung ln nh cc t my pht in ln, h thng GIS
hoc cp lc c chiu di ln.
5.2. Nguyn l c bn
in p th nghim c a vo t ngun ba pha c a qua b iu chnh tn s iu
chnh tn s v in p u ra ca h thng (f/U). My bin p kch thch lm nhim v kch
thch mch cng hng v khng in cao p lm nhim v to ra in p cao.
Sau khi i qua b lc sng hi loi b cc thnh phn sng hi bc cao do b bin tn, ngun
in c a vo my bin p kch thch, do c tnh vt l ca mch cng hng to ra in
p hnh sin.
H thng th nghim ny c th c s dng vi cc i tng th nghim c tnh in dung
vi cc khong in p khc nhau. V d nh, thc hin cc th nghim thng thng (routine
test) i vi cc thit b ng ct, cp, v cc thit b khc. i vi cc thit b yu cu th
nghim tn s cng nghip, lch so vi tn s cng nghip c quy nh trong cc tiu
chun IEC.

18

A. Cc bo co chung
6. KT QU
6.1. Phn tch DGA trong du MBA
Cc my bin p c hin tng phng in & phng in cc b - nh k nm 2014

ST
T

Tn trm

BN TRE
T1 40MVA
TIRA THAI
N:4510209
SC&SL:10/201
1

Thi gian

Tg
(%)

Hm lng kh ha tan (ppm)

CO2

C2H4

C2H2

C2H6

H2

O2

N2

CH4

CO

TCG
(ppm)

Kt lun

31/10/2011 0,45

108

4056

14

14

Sau sa cha v sy
lc du. Tng lng
kh ha tan trong
du t yu cu vn
hnh i vi cp
in p 110KV.

03/01/2012 0,45

2086

10648

46614

430

430

Qu nhit vt liu
cch in cellulose.
Kh CO tng nhanh.

22/1/2013

0,42

3985

13023

55247

910

916

Qu nhit vt liu
cch in cellulose.
So vi kt qu nh
k 2012, kh CO
tng vi tc
nhanh.

19/2/2014

0,41

4894

40

36

15

120

15252

54429

23

549

782

Trong my c xut
hin h quang vi
dng lin tc.

19

HI NGH KHOA HC V CNG NGH IN LC TON QUC 2014

17/8/2011

0,16

03/01/2012 0,16

2786

199

1334

1814

2389

9533

33109

15

73

94

481

308

1893

Qu nhit vt liu
cch in cellulose.
Kh CO tng nhanh.
Phng in cc b.
So vi kt qu ngy
17/8/2011 cc kh
chy tng nhanh,
tc sinh kh chy
khong
8.04ppm/ngy.

2169

Trong my c hin
tng phng in
cc b. Qu nhit
vt liu cch in
cellulose. So vi kt
qu nh k 2012
cc kh chy tip
tc tng.

584

Trong my c hin
tng chp tia la
in. Phng in
cc b. Cc kh
chy tip tc tng.

BN TRE
T2 40MVA
N:40M011139
EMC
SL:Online

22/1/2013

19/2/2014

20

879

Trong my c hin
tng phng in
cc b. So vi kt
qu sau sy lc
ngy 18/7/2011 cc
kh chy tip tc
tng nhanh.

0,17

0,13

3170

3413,75

100,55

2,44

31,30

1312

213,60

214

780,90

23439

4983,49

123

727

96,87 139,42

A. Cc bo co chung

13/2/2012

HM KIM
T1 63MVA
EMC
N:63M121172
VH:3/2012

0,03

03/12/2013 0,05

04/05/2014 0,05

66

2922

5017

17

981

562

1469

10133

8402

4426

57504

60651

54

87

Th mi. Mc
kh kh trong my
t yu cu k thut
i vi cp in p
110kV.

626

1665

Trong my c hin
tng phng in
cc b. Qu nhit
vt liu cch in
cellulose. Cc kh
chy tng vi tc
rt nhanh.

893

Trong my c hin
tng phng in cc
b. SV KQ K 2013,
1563 kh H2 khng tng.
Qu nhit vt liu
cch in cellulose.
Kh CO tip tc tng.

Kt lun: Kh CO tip tc tng.

PHAN THIT
T2 63MVA
EMC
N:63M011288
VH:7/2012

29/6/2012

0,04

55

856

2009

Th mi. Mc
kh kh trong my
t yu cu k
thut i vi cp
in p 110kV.

21

HI NGH KHOA HC V CNG NGH IN LC TON QUC 2014

15/8/2012 0,02

21/3/2013

0,05

717

2886

131

500

7659

7652

22510

51231

41

133

818

269

Trong my to kh
H2 vt quy nh.

1366

Phng in cc b.
Qu nhit vt liu
cch in cellulose.
Kh CO tng vi
tc nhanh.

1518

Trong my c
hin tng phng
in cc b. SV
KQ K 2013, H2
khng tng thm.
Qu nhit vt liu
cch in cellulose.
Kh CO tip tc
tng nhanh.

PHAN THIT
T2 63MVA
EMC
N:63M011288
VH:7/2012

04/07/2014 0,09

22

KCN CN TH
T1 25MVA
NG ANH
13/1/2014
N:981-01
SL:7/2013

LT 1
T2 40MVA
ALSTOM
N:P40KEE272
VH:2003

05/03/2013

27/2/2014

4026

53

21

235

5962

56479

109

1100

3,10

3402

37

15

17412

54993

342

398

Trong my c hin
tng chp tia la
in. Qu nhit vt
liu cch in
cellulose.

0,37

1426

83

23443

53

229

369

My bin p hot
ng bnh thng.

435

Trong my c sinh
kh C2H2 (hin
tng chp tia la
in).

0,35

1470

11

112

10

27029

70

231

A. Cc bo co chung

6.2. o phng in cc b (PD): th nghim c thc hin cho MBA T2 trm

110kV Cao Lnh
6.2.1. Kt qu o phng in cc b: o bng thit b PD Smart [3]
Tn s th

PD (pC)
A

1300-1700 khz

140

180

800

Tn hiu PD c pht hin trn pha C di tn 1300-1700kHz.

6.2.2. Kt qu nh v PD
D tm PD bng phng php Acoustic:
S dng thit b nh v PD-TP500 ni vi 4 cm bin (sensor) t ti 4 mt ca
MBA T2.
Thay i v tr cc cm bin d tm v xc nh v tr ngun pht PD.
Kt qu thu c nh sau:

23

HI NGH KHOA HC V CNG NGH IN LC TON QUC 2014

Sensor 1: mt 1 trn

Sensor 2: mt 2 trn

Sensor 3: mt 3 trn

Sensor 4: mt 4 trn

24

A. Cc bo co chung
4 sensor cng di chn s pha C (mt 1 trn)

Phn tch v nh gi:

Sau khi so snh vi dng sng chun, xc nh c PD ti v tr di chn s pha C. Tuy
nhin, do chu k lp li ca nhm xung PD > 2ms (chu k ny nu 2ms l mc nguy
him, theo khuyn co ca chuyn gia), nh du v tr v s theo di trong thi gian ti.
7. XUT
7.1. Xem xt, b sung cc quy nh
7.1.1. Trong cng tc u t mua sm
Cn yu cu nh cung cp cc thit b phi c bin bn th nghim cc hng mc sau:
Phng in cc b (theo IEC 60076-3) [2];
Ly du vn tay (fingerprint) p ng tn s (FRA).
7.1.2. Trong cng tc th nghim
i vi phng php o phng in cc b:
Hin nay, phng php o phng in cc b c s dng nhiu trn th gii theo di,
chn on h hng bn trong MBA, gip ch ng trong cng tc sa cha, bo dng, gp
phn hn ch s c lan rng. V vy, cn quy nh:
Khi ng in nghim thu, thc hin o PD UHF hoc PD Acoustic xc nh c s d
liu ban u.
Cng tc th nghim nh k:
- o PD UHF hoc PD Acoustic kim tra xu hng pht trin;
- Khi pht hin c PD, tin hnh nh v phng in cc b.
i vi phng php phn tch p ng tn s:
Hin nay, cc cng ty in lc trn th gii p dng k thut SFRA (Sweep Frequency
Response Analysis) vo vic nh gi tnh trng ca cc MBA lc.
Trong thi gian ti, cn xem y nh l mt tiu chun cn thit tin hnh cc php o
SFRA trong cc trng hp sau:

25

HI NGH KHOA HC V CNG NGH IN LC TON QUC 2014

tt c cc MBA mi vi mc ch ly s liu gc ban u (fingerprint);
Sau cc s c MBA hoc ngn mch ngoi li;
Sau i tu hoc sa cha c rt rut my.
7.1.3. Trong sa cha MBA
Khi pht hin c PD trong MBA bng phng php DGA, cn thc hin cc bc sau:
Thng k cc kt qu DGA t lc a vo vn hnh, ng thi thng k s ln ngn
mch ngoi trong thi gian MBA vn hnh trn li;
o, nh v PD bng phng php UHF Acoustic;
Tho my kim tra xc nh v tr h hng, ng thi nh gi gia kt qu th nghim
v thc t h hng;
Sau khi sa cha xong, o li PD ti nh my sa cha, kt qu o phi t theo tiu
chun IEC 60076-3.
7.2. T chc o to chuyn su v lnh vc th nghim chn on
Kh nng phn tch, nh gi chnh xc kt qu o PD t phn mm chuyn dng, nh v
chnh xc v tr PD;
Kh nng phn tch, nh gi tnh trng thit b bng phng php phn tch p ng
tn s.
8. KT LUN
Qua kt qu nghin cu trn gip ngi qun l vn hnh c thm cc gii php chn on
cc h hng tim n trong MBA, c th a ra cc quyt nh chnh xc, ch ng lp k
hoch v ra cc phng n thch hp nhm gim thiu thi gian ngng cung cp in khi tin
hnh sa cha thit b.
Vic c thm cc phng php mi trong chn on khuyt tt thit b in cng i hi cn
phi c thm cc quy nh mi trong cng tc th nghim nh k thit b in.
ng dng cc cng ngh mi nh phng php o PD kt hp vi phng php Phn tch p
ng tn s chn on thit b in, s em li hiu qu rt cao trong cng tc qun l vn
hnh thit b in. Chnh v vy, vic u t thit b chn on l ht sc cn thit v ph hp
vi nhu cu mong mun gim s c gy ra do h hng thit b in.

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]

26

International Standard IEC 60270 Third edition, 2000-12, High-voltage test techniques Partial discharge measurements.
International Standard IEC 60076-3 Edition 3.0 2013-07, Power transformers - Part 3:
Insulation levels, dielectric tests and external clearances in air.
Partial Discharge Detection and Defect Identification using Phase Resolved Patterns on
HV Insulation systems - Karl Haubner.
Cc ti liu hi tho khc ca cc hng Omicron, Doble Lemke, PD power, HVPD.

A. Cc bo co chung

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