= 0

= <0

= 0

|x+y||x|+|y|
|xy||x|+|y|
|xy||x||y|

()

a0 = 1

a1 = a

a a = a +

a b = ( ab)

(a ) = a

a a
=

a
= a

= m an

( a)
n

= a

= a

a n x + b n x = (a + b) n x

=3 a

ab = n a n b

a n a a n
=
=
b n b b

(a + ) 2 = 2 + 2 + 2

( )( + ) = 2 2

3
3
3
2
2
( ) = 3 + 3

3 3 = ( ) 2 + + 2 ( + + ) 2

( ) 2 = 2 + 2 2
( + ) 3 = 3 + 3 + 3 2 + 3 2
3 + 3 = ( + ) 2 + 2
= 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2

x 2 + x + = 0
= 2 4a

:
x1,2 =

>0

,
2

x 2 + x + = ( x x1 )( x x2 )

x1, 2 =

=0

,
2

x 2 + x + = ( x x1 )2 = x +

2
2

<0

x1 + x2 =
x1 x2 =

( x1 , y1 ) :

y = y1 + ( x x1 ) .

( x1 , y1 ) ( x2 , y2 )

y = y1 +

y 2 y1
( x x1 ) .
x 2 x1

[f ( x ) g( x )] = f ( x ) g ( x )

[ f ( x ) g ( x )] = f ( x ) g ( x ) + f ( x ) g ( x )

f ( x)
f ( x ) g ( x) f ( x ) g ( x )
=

[g ( x)]2
g ( x)


y = f (u ) u = g ( x )

dy dy du
,().
=
dx du dx

g f ( g[ f ( x )] = x )
1
g ( y ) =
y = f ( x ) .
f ( x )

n
f ( x ) = nf ( x ) f

[ln x ] = 1
x

n 1

( x )

[ ]

x
x
e = e

[ln f ( x )] =

g( x)
= ag ( x )e g ( x )
ae

f ( x )

f (x)

f x = a x = b .

f ( x )dx = [F ( x )]x =a = F (b) F ( a ) F

x =b

f , F ( x ) = f ( x ) .

[ f ( x ) g ( x )]dx =
b

f ( x )dx g ( x )dx
b

kf ( x )dx = k

f ( x )dx =0

f ( x )dx

f ( x )dx = f ( x )dx
a

f ( x )dx + f ( x )dx = f ( x )dx

c

f ( x) g ( x)dx = f ( x) g ( x) f ( x) g ( x)dx

adx = ax + c

f ( x)e

dx = ln x + c

( x )dx =
f ( x)

1
1
f n +1 ( x ) + c
n + 1 f ( x )

dx = e f ( x ) + c

dx =

1 n +1
x +c
n +1

f ( x )
dx = ln f ( x ) + c
f (x)

e dx = e
x

+c

f(x) = x

f(x) = x2

f ( x) = a

f(x) = x1/2

f ( x) = e x
=

f ( x) =

f ( x) =

f(x) = x3

f ( x) = x

f ( x) =

1
x

f ( x) =