Algebra Lyseis Askiseon

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5
1.1
'
1. i) :
0
-1
0,5
0,5
-0.5
-2
- 2
-2
i = 2 |
= 0.5 h

,
.
ii) :
0,5
2
- 2
-1
0,5
-0,5
0,5
- 2
-2
'
-2
y = ouvx

,
.
y = 1+
2.
g(x) = 1 +
f(x) =
1 ,
f(x) = - 1 + 1
.
ly = -+
3. f(x)= 3
2
^
y = 3
:
X
"
2
3
- 1
g,
.
4. g(x) = 3
2
3
1)
y =
?.
3
- 1

.
5.

f(x) = 2
() =
1, - 1 -
2 - 2.
f(x) = 2
y = ouv3x
- = 4.

t,
;
3 71
-2
y = 2^-
y = vr
6. , f(x) = 2 2, - 2 .
2
2 ...
g(x) = - - , f(x) = 2 , : = 4.
2
2
1
2
:
f(x) = 2 ^
2

2 2
-2
y = 2
y =
y =
7. g(x) = 1 + f(x) = 1 ,
h(x) = - 1 + .
iiitiiiiife
y =
(8)
8. f(x) = 2 , 2 , ,
5 . . f(x) = 2 ^ .
f(x) = 2.
2.
6
- V5
8
-1
12
12
&
9. '() = , vu
, . (,).
, f(x) = , f(x) = ,
(,)

= 0 = .
(,) .
'
1. i) y = . :
y = .
4. = 4,
= .
2
1. y = .
2
, s
,
.
2
2
2
,

. . = , = 3.
3
3
1. y = 3.
ii) :

y =
y = 3

y = 0,5
y = - 2,5 .
10
JTt
2. i) 3m : = 1,
6
- 3m
= -1. 6m.
6
)
f(x) = - t.

, .
2
2
,
= = 1 2 .
:
t
12
It
3
6
-3
3. i)

11 + J m = 4- m,

11 - J m = 2. m .

2
t i l "
m.
) 2 ... --2
.
3
iii) .
t
1+ (ruv3t
3
0
4
3
2
3
4
3
4. i) T o

0,1m.
ii)
2 / 3
sec.

.
x ( t ) = 0 , 1 5 [0, 2]
/ 1 8 , 5 / 1 8 , 1 3 / 1 8 , 1 7 / 1 8 , 2 5 / 1 8 2 9 / 1 8 .
1.2
'
I "~-7
= 2kn
1. ) = ()<=> =
, ke
= 2kii +
<=> I
, ke
= (2k + 1 )
ii) =
2
= 4
= 2k3T +
I = 2ktt + | = 2kK +
= 2krc +
= -
, k
iii) = 0
<=> = ,
, k
3
=2kK
, k 6
2
= +
, .
2
12
JC
Jl
lv) =
<=> = c w = 2kn
2
4
4
2. i) = -
<=> = - <=> =
2
6
= 2kft +
<=> [
-|
, k e .
= 2kK +
-
V 2
= 2kJi + ( -
= 2krt , k
| = 2kn + -
ii) = - 1 =
. k e /.
= 2krc +
, k s = 2kn
,
,ke
2
I
=
4
\
4
,
3 ,
= = 2 kn + , k
4
4
/
) =
- 1 ^ - = -
2
iv) = - 1
= = 2kn , k e
= 2 + , .
3. i) = 0
ii) =
&
<=> =
= kft
,k
<=> = |
,k
x = ki + | ,
iii) = 1
<=> =
= kn +
4
4
,k
iv) =
<=> =
= kK +
6
, k .
V3~
13
4. i) = -
V3
= ( ((
\ f, I
6
<=> = kit - - , k e
= - <=> = [ - )
x = kn
31
, k e .
5. i) (1 - ) ( 2 - \ / 3 ) = 0
1- = 0 2-V3 =0
. ,
>^3~
<=> = 1 =
<=s> =
=
2
2
3
= 2tot +
.
<=> (
,keZ
= 2^ + -
,ke
= 2kn + -
= 2ktt +
= 1
2
= 2kn - = 2krc +
4
= 2kn +
3
3
ke
(2 + V^) (1 - ) = 0 <=> 2 + i 2 = 0 1 - = 0
<=> = -
= 2k -t
2
ii)
= 2kic +
) (V3~
= ( - ) = 0
\ 4/
= 2 b t , k e .
+ ) (1 - ) = 0 = V3^ = 1
<=> = \ , =
V 3/
4
= kit -
3
ii)
14
= kn +
, k e
4
(2 + 1 ) ( 2 - 3 ) = 0 = - 1 2 = 3 = 0
2
= - i- = i J \ = - VT =
2
2 ,
,
/ \ ,
= = =
=
2
3
3
\ 3/
, 2 ,
,
<=> = 2fcrc = kjt + - = kn - - t | x = h +

, k e .
3
3
3
2
x = kn + 2 > k e Z
= kn + ^ , k e .
7. i)
0,951 = 72 = ,
5
2
= 0,951 < <=> =
5
2
,
x = 2kn +
| = 2kJi + -
,k e
2
, ke
3
| = 2kn +
ii) 0,809 = 36 = ,
5
= - 0,809
<=>
x = 2kn+
= -
5
=
x = 2kn
\
4
- =
4
, k .
5
iii) 28, 636 = 88 =
22
, :
45
= 28,636 <=> =
22
45
= kn +
22
-,
, ,k e .
45
15
8.
i) 2 3x = VT 3x = ^2- 3x =
2
3
= 6krt +
9
3x = 2kn +
3
<=> {
, k e <=>
3x = 2kK + -
)^-+1=0
5
^ = - 1 <=>
5
<=> ^- = 2kn + , k
5
<=> = 10 kn + 5 , k
2x_ =
7
,keZ
<=> 12 = 42kn + 7
<=> =
= 6kn + 2
9
^ =
5
<=>
= 2kn + , k e
5
e .
iii) 3 2x__ V3 = 0 2*. = ^

7
' 7
3
2x__kjl:+
7
,k e
42 kn + 7
,
,keZ
12
9.
i)
( +
= - 1 | + ^ | = ;
JX
+ = 2kK -
= 2ta -
<=> = 2kn -
")2|3- 5j=l
16
2
5
r-j
,k e
, .k e
, ,k e
( 3 - ~ ) = 1 ( 3 - : " ) = *
, k e .
1
3x
.
= 2kn +
71
4
3
36 3 = 24kn +4
, k 6
| 36x-3re = 24kw 4
24 * 7
36
=-
, kez
24 -
36
iii) |
- 5 | = f i
- 5 ) = ~
<=>-5x = k n +
4
,keZ
<=> 3 - 60 = 12krt + 4
,k e
<=> = -12kre -
60
,ke
10. i) = t, :
2t 2 + t - 1 = 0 t =
l 3 _ t =-l
4
t = i
2
:
t = - 1 :
= - 1 (0 =
t = :
2
j <=> = 2 t a -
<*-S
= 1<=> =
f<^>
2
ke
= 2kit +
'
= 2tot
. ke
5-
:
= 2tai - = 2 ^ +
2
= 2kji 6
,k e
6
ii) = t, :
2t2 + 3t - 2 = 0 <=> t = ~ 3
t = - 2 t = i2
4
:
t = - 2 :
= 2 , -1 < < 1
t = :
2
1
< = x = .
2 k n " , 1,
k ^
-7
= <=> =
2
3
3
:
= 2k +
= 2kn
3
, k
3
iii) t = , :
32 = 3 + 2 V3u) <=> 32 - 2 V5u)-3 = O o o ) =
<=>= =-
^5.
:
= VJ, :
= V3 <=> 8qpt = <=> t = kn + j
= -
= - ^ = - ^
t = kn - ,
6
XI
= ( keZ.
ke
11. i) :
2 + 5 o W x = 4
<=> 1 - 2 + 5 2 = 4
4 2 = 3
2 =
4
<=> = ^
2
= -
& .
2
:
=
2
= 2
=
3
<=> = 2toi
, k e
3
= -
3
<=> =
3
= 2
, e
3
:
= 2kn
, keZ
\ = 2
, e .
ii) 2 :
* 0 2 x * 0
(1)
, :
2 = 1
2 =
< = > 2 =
<=> 2 = kn +
,keZ
= kn
,ke
2 * 0.
.
12. i) () = 3 | ~ j (
~~)
| - - ^ - ) = 1.
1
( -
= 1
<=> ( -
'
= j
- = 2 t a + 5-, k e
<=> = 2tor + , k e
19
=
- 5-) = - 1
2
0 < < 2
( - " ) = ^ ^ )
= 2 k :
= 21 -
-, k e
2
ke
=0
0 < x < 2
f [0,2) = , f () = 3 = 0, f (()) = - 3.
ii) f(x) = | -
( -
= 1 (x -
= -1.
| - | = 1 <=> | -
= \> 0
- ~ = 2kn, k s
<=> = 2 ^ + , k
= ,
( - * ) = - !
<=> | -
= 2krc +
2
<=> = ,
0 < < 2
<=> x -
^ = 2 ^ + ,k e
,k e
0 < < 2
g [0,2] = . g = 7
2
= , g
| = -7.
13. i) S = 100 t e {1,2,..., 12} :

100 = 75 + 50
:
100 = 75 + 50 25 = 50 = 1
6
6
6
2
20
Jit __
~.=

6
/
;'
= 2kn + 6
,r
W
I = ,
2ktt + j r -
,k e
'6
It = 12k + I
<=>!
, k e t = 1 t = 5, 1 < t < 12
U = 12k + 5
.
ii) To S 5 1
= 1 .
:
~ =
<=> y = ^
<= = 2kn +
ke z
<=> t = 12k + 3, k e Z
<=> t = 3, 1 < t < 12
'
1. i) :
+ (7, -
__ .) =
\4
/
[ ~
<=> =
<=> =
.<.=> = - . ( - j
U
^ - ( ~ +
= 2kn + ( ~ ^ -
)]
)j
)
= (
4
,keZ
| = 2kn + -
2 = 2k
= 21 +
<=> = kn -
- - , j , k e
4
,k e
,k
()
, k e
8
ii) 2 | ^ + 3 | 2 ( + 3 ^ 0.
:
2 -
| ^ + 3 ) =
2 =
+ 3 )
<=> 2 = ^ - | + 3 |
<=> 2 =
- 3 |
7 = to +
5 = to +
- - 3
= *+ JL
5
,k e
ke
30
'
6.
,k 6
2. i) x 0. :
+ 1 = +
( - ) - ( - 1) = 0
( - 1) - ( - 1) = 0 <=> ( - 1) ( - 1) = 0
= 1
<=> =
= 1 (, * 0 )
= to +
,
4
keZ.
,
0.
) , 0. :
1
oiVx
2 = 4
<=> 1 + 2 - 2 = 4 2 - 2 - 3 = 0
2 + 4
= <=> = - 1 = 3.
:
= - 1 <=> = -
<=> = ( - ) <=> = to -
4. ,>k e
4
V 4'
= 3. <=> = .
72 <=> = 2
<=> = + 2
:
= to -
, k e
4
= +
, ,
0.
3.
:
= 1
22
<=> = to +
4
4
,k e
,ke
:
e (3, 4) 3 < x < 4 <=> 3 < to + < 4
4
,k'e
<=> 12 < 4 t o + < 16
,ke
11 < 4 to < 15
11 k < -15<=>-!-!-<
4
4
k =3
,ke
= 3 +
,ke
13
4
4. :
[1 + =
2
2
( +. = .1
1 + =
1 + =
!(1 + ) 2 + 2 = 1
1 + =
2 2 + 2 = 0
1 + =
,2( + 1) = 0
1 + =
= 0 = - 1
[ = 0
=
= 1
= 0
<=>
=-
-+XJ
=
=
2
j
to
<=> =
x=EE+iLkeZ
- )
6'
()
:
0 < <2
0 <
6 k J l + Tt
12
<2,
, ke
23
<=> < 61 + < 24,
,ke
<=> - < 6kjt < 23,
, ke
<=* - -L < k < Q
, ke
k =0 k = 1 k=2 k= 3
[0, 2)
13
12
12 ' 12
19
12
( ).
24
1.3
'
,
1.
)
12
4
JT
JT
(
JT
1
= + ==
12
4
V12 4 )
3
2
ii) 170 50+170 50'=(170 -50) =120

-60= - 1
iii) 11070-11() (70 = - [ 1070- 1070]
= - ( 110 +70) = - 180 = 1
. ,
7
(
=
)
+
12
12
12
12
I 12
2.
= = 0
2
i) 3 ( - 2 ) - 3 ( - 2 ) =(3 + ( - 2 ) ) =
ii) ^ + ^ joirvx +^ + j
3.
\
12 J
i) |
| =
ii)
= \ 2
=
+ ~ j + - ^
- - ^
+-
1
= 2 = 2
4
2
- +
4
-- +
^ + ~
>.'2
= 2
4^
fi
/
4 - -
= 2
2.S
,
4.
..
17
4
)
18
9
4
(17
=
18
9
I 18
4"\
= = 1
9 )
2
ii) 7020 +70 20=( 70+20) =90 = 1
!
12 t ( f 4
(
1
, , , ,
: - = ( { 7 ~ ! = 3
1 -

'
12
4
65+5
i )
^
= ( 165 +15) = 180 = 0
1 -fc"(f165-etf 15
>
5.
i) 2 > +2 =(2 + ) =3 *
ii) ^ + | - ' + ^
in)
. ,
)
- 2
1 + 2
| _
| ,
= ( - 2) = ( - ) = -
+ 2 + - ,
,,
,
I 3
J 6
J
(
. WJ-I
= + 2 +
;
U
- < - + 2 - '
3
) 6
= ] j + = -
6.
) [ + ) + ( - | 1 =
(
= I + + ^ -
JT
= 2 = 2 =
ii) (( +) (+) =+++\>
= (+) + (+)
=( +(->) + ( - )
7.
105=(60+45) =6045 +60 45

\ 3
\ 2
1 2 _ 2 ( 1 + '3)
2
2
2 2
4
105 =( 60 +45) =6045 -6045
I
\ 3
2 ( 1 - /3 )
105 = * + j = - 2 - \ 3 105 =
= -2 + \ 3
1- 3
I+ V3
26
195=( 150+45) =15045 +15045

V2_
V2(l-V3)
2 2
2 ' 2
4
195 =( 150 +45) = 15045 - 15045
2 , \ 2(1 + V3)
2
195 = ~ ( 1
1 9 5 = = 2 - V 3
- 0 + V3)
8.
= 2 + V3
+ - - ^ - '+ _ ( +)

i) + =
ii) atfct lacfp
1-V3
ouva
_ '+
9. (( =
(+)
\ + 2 =
12
4
: = =
13
5
:
..
,
5 3 12 4
) ( +) =+=
+
13 5 13 5
63
65
ii) ( +) =-= - - =
13 5 13 5 65
i) (2) (3)
10.
.
:
>
= 1 - = 1
= , = , ( <
25
5
2
',, ,
>,, ,
144
,
12
= 1 - = 1
=
, = , <<
169 169
13
2
:
25
25
( +) ='+= j+- =
5 V 13 J 5 13 6 5
( +(-5) =- =
51
(+) = -
13 J
5 13
65
( + ) = -
56
33
ii)
27
11.
) = + <=> =
V
6)
6
^3

6
!
<=> = -- - - <=> 2 = \ 3 -
3
<=> 3 = \ >3 <=> = <=> \ =
<=> = k:x + . k e Z
6
ii) . R, 0 cnnjx + - j j * 0 .
:
/
>
1 + <(
+ - = - 2 <=>
= -2
V4
- 2 + 1 + = -2 + 2
<=> 2 = 3 <=> (| = \ 3
:
JT
= 3
<=> = kn + y ,
keZ
= - \ 3 = |-^ j <=> = k j r - - y . k e Z
, .
Hi) e R ( - ) * 0.

0 :
-
+ 3
( - ) = - 2 <=>
= - 2 <=> 1
= -2
1 +
I - 3
<=> + 3 = - 2 + 6) <=> 5 = 5
<=> = 1 <=> = <=> = krr + . k e Z
4
4
, .
, = ^+. k e Z
.
2S
( - ) _ -
1. :
( -)
= -
= -
( -)
,,
= ( -
( - )
= -
:
( - ) , (-) , ( - )
2. 1
= - *-- + - = 0
( +) = <=> -= =
()
:
( + 2) = (( +) +) =( +)( +)
=( +) -,
<MJ ( +)() =
= (+)=>+
'=(+) =( 2 + 2 ) =
2 :
( +) = += + , k e <=> = kn + - , k e Z
2
2
:
(+2) = (+2+-2) = (-) =
3. ( - ) = -2(x + ) <=>- = -2 - 2
<=> 3 = -
<=> 3 = -
<=> 3 = 3, = - 3
<=> = 1
<=>
. = 5
=
4
4
29
4. +f>= = - , :
4
4
.
= 4
_ 1 - '
=
4
! + * " | + ( ,
:
(
= (1 + )
=2
(1 + ) (1 + ) = (I + ) I +
^
1 +
1 +
) , :
()
()
1 ()
3 . ()
6 ) E(f(f
(|)
3 _ 2
.
]?
3 + 2
3
ii) = 60 :
R
- ' ^ ' (^
= ( - ) =
+
,+
2 60
2 V 3 V3
,
=
= , = 30
2
3+ 60
3+3
3
.
6. :
+( - )
-1 <=>
(-)
( + )+( - )
(-)
2
'/
2 = +
<=> - = 0
( + ") = 0
<=>+ = - = 2
2
i) + + = :
+ --
( + ) =(-)
-1
= -
+
- 1 = - -
30
<1 -- +>= I
II) A + ( + ) = = -( + ), :
-( + )
-
=1-
1 -
= 1 -
, (I),
8. ( x e [ 0 , ] ^- - j * .0
^ ~ +

. :
+
1_
1 - -
eq
4_
=
I + -
1 +
<=>
1 -
/3
1 - , = 2\3
I +
<=> (1 + ) 2 - (I - r = 2V3( 1 - 2 )
<= 3 + 2 + I - 2 + 2 - I = 2'3 - 23 2
2 3 2 + 4 - 2 3 = 0
' 32 + 2 - V3 = 0
<=> =
= 3
,
""
= 16]
2
^<<,>" 0
3~
* ^ ^
, -.
: *, . = , .
9. vu x + y =
z. < I <1
<1 0 < x . y . z < ,

4
0<x + y<"2
0<-<
\ + y = - / :
4
+y=
/ ( + y) =
4
1
<=> 2 , ~S ,
1
\ - ( \
1 - (| \ | \
1 - /
1 + /
>
7 = .
7 .
8 <=>
+ -1
2 5
1.4
1.
3jt
3
( 3 ^
3
) 2 = 2
= = - 1
4
4
I
4 )
2
ii) 1 - 22 = 2 1 = =
12
I
12)
6
2
iii) 221351 =(2 135) =270= 0
iv )
2.
2:7>0
3
= (2 75) = 150 = -30= -
I - ( 75
3
) 22 2 =(2 2) =4
ii) 2 2 j ~ - j - I =| 2| - j - a j j =|
)
3.
23
. ,
= (2 3) =
I - ~ 3
i) 2< +2 = 2 + (1 - 2 2 ) = 1 - 2 = 2
)
2
' ,
I (
2 ,
^ = 2-! = 2
~
III ) (Ufa - !'(((/.=
((
2-2
2
=
=
= 22
?</
iv) +=
oi'V(/
32
- 2 j =2
2 + 2
1
1
.>
2
2
) (1) (2)
. :
16
2
.
2
,
= 1 - = 1 ~ ~
9
.,
~ <* =
,
3
. < <
:
2 = 2 = 2
'
2
2 = 2 - 1 = 2
3 W
4 ^
24
5j I
5J
25
16
7
1 = ,
25
7
2 =
24
25
24
2 =
7
ii)
+
5. ( + 2) =
, 2
1 -
j_ 1
9
8
9
:
1
(

2)
4 + 4
- ^ - ^
4
6.
= ^
16
1 1 6
= _
16
i) 3 + 3 = ( 2 + 2 )==^2
7
TlllCt
7
2
2
ii) 2 + 2 = 2
+ 2 = 2(~ + ) = 2
2
I +2
_ 2 _
1 + 2 - 1
22
^ 1 - 2 +2 _ 1 - (1 - 2 ) + 2
1 + 2 +2
1 + ( 2 2 - I) + 2>
2 2 + 2 _ 2( +)
22 + 2
7.
2(+)
2 - - 1 = 0 <=> 1 - 2 2 - - 1 = 0
2 2 + = 0 (2 + 1) = 0
=0
.13
:
= 0
= 21
= 2kn +, k e
(
= - - <=> = - - = -
2
6
V 6
x
= 2krc-
x = 2kiT + ,
ii) 2 - 2 + - I = 0
k e Z
2 - 2 + - 1 = 0
2( - I) + ( - I) = 0
( - 1 )(2> + ! ) = ()
= 1
=-
= 1
3
= 2krc + , k e
2
= - - = -
2
3
2
=
3
= 2kT . k e
*
8. 1 19 :
2- \ 2
\ 2+\ 2
= 4
. =
. = \ 2 - 1 =
( 4 ) (5) :
=
-
16
I -
8 =
\ 2+ \ 2
h2
16
1 +(
,
-,
- V2 + 2
V2 - V2 + 2
2
\ 2+ \ 2
1 +
~ , , , ;~
8
2
2+ 2+ 2
=
=
,
2
4
\ 2+ \ 2+ \ 2
16
34
2,
" =
)
.
I
2 + I

\ 2- \ 2+ \ 2
=
16
V2 + \
\ 2 + \ 2+ \ 2
= \
16
+ V2
]2-\2+\2
9. ( 4 ) (5) :

I -
'
8
4
) " - =
=
^ = = ,
2
2
2
26
13
4
= , ,
2
13
( ) < <
2
4
1 +
2 =
=
2
2
9
= ,; ,
2
\ 13
7
Li
18
9
=
26
13
0 < <
2
4
4
2
3
= , = =
2
V 9
3
2 2
t
1-
) ' =
=
2
2
, .
s
2
I
- = = -,
2
10
5
a l l
- = ^-,
2
1 +
=
=
2
2
< " < *
3
<;
8
4
= = ,
2
10
5
4
, 3
= - , < <
2
V 5
4
2
C ( p
a
l
l
- =- J - = - -
xui
y = -2
i) '2 + 2 2 = 0 <=> 2 2 - 1 + 1 + = 0
10.
2
<=> 2 2 + = 0 <=>(2 + 1) = 0
<=> = 0
=
2
= 0<=> = 2 k n ,
keZ
2
35
2
= <=> = - <=> =
2
3
3
2
= 2krc ,
3
k e
ii) - 2 2 = 0 <=> (I - ) = ()<=> 2 = I

* r ~ = ^ ~ - 2k
k
j
*
iii) 2 - = 4 _ <=> 2 - = 2(1 - )
<=> 2 - 2 - 2 - 2
<=>2 - 2 = 0 <=>( - 2) = 0
<=> = 0 = 2 ()
3
<=> = 0 <=> = 2kn , k e
2
i v ) 2 - 1 = 2 2 <=>2 - 1 = 1 + <=>2 - - 2 = 0
2
, .
_
= - 1 = 2
2
<=> = <=> = 2k:t + , k e
<=> =
1 3
'
1. 2 = 2. :
( - ) 2 = 2 + 2 - 2 = 1 - 2 = 1 - 2 ,
(-)2 = I -2
0<<
4
^2
0<<
2
/2
<<1
2
- > 0 , (1)
- = ^ 1 - 2 .
2.
2 + - 2
( 1 +)
2 2
( 1 +)
4
?
?
=

2
2
=2
2
(1 +)
? = 2(
3. 1 :
. .
3
,
+ = = . :
8
8
2
8
8
3
2^
4 ^
2^1,
2^ ^
2^
2n
- - 4 = 2 - - - = 2 - 1 1 - 2 - J = 2 - - 2 -
88
\/2 V
1 =
16
2
( 4 ) (5).
2
1 + 2
,
,
1 - __ 1 - ~
I +
1 + 2
_ I
1 - 2
)
2+1
_ 1
I - 2
3 - 42 +4
3 - 4 ( 1 - 2 2 ) + (1 - 2 2 2)
3 + 42 +4
3 + 4 ( 2 2 - 1) + (1 - 2 2 2 )
8 2 - 2 2 2 _ 82 - 2(2)2
8 - 2 2
2
8 - 2(2)
8 (1 - )
22
=
=
= 4 (
2
2
2
2
8 ( I - )

5.
(45 - ) =
ecf45
e(f
~
" = ~ " =
1 + 45
1 +
= ^ -
( - ) ( +)
2 - 2
( + ) 2
2 +2 + 2
2
1 +2
2(1 -2)
(I +2) (1 - 2 )
2( 1 - 2 )
2 2
_ 2(1 -2)
1 - 2 2
1 -2
2
- 2.
37
(45 - ) =
(Jl'VÛ
= 30 :
I +2
15=
60
I
2
1 +60
+
6.
=
V3
2-" 3
,
~ =
,
= 2- \ 3
2+\3
(2 + 3 ) ( 2 - \ 3 )
i) e IR 2 0.
:
2
2 = 2 <=>
= 2 => 5 - - = 2
2
1 2
<=> = - 2 '
<=> ( 2 2 + - 1) = 0
<=> ' = 0 2 2 + - 1 = 0
,. .
13
/-'
<=> = 0 =
= {
4
2
:
= 0 = 2 k i t ,
keZ
2
= - 1 = ^ - j <=> = 2k:i - y .
= 2
<=> =
k e
<=>x=2kir + i | x = 2 k n + .
keZ
, a q .
ii) e IR. / 0
2 * 0
:
2 = - 3 <=>
2><<
* = -3
1 - <(
2\
= - 3 + 3 2
2 = 3 <=> = 3 \ = - 3
:
= V T = - ^
= - V 3 <=> i q x =
= k* + y
=
k
^ e
,
.
3S
7. 4 = 2 2 2 - I = 2(2) 2 - I = 2 ( 2 2 - I )2 - I
= 2(44 - 42 + ! ) - ! = 84 - 82 + 1
(|
8.
i) :
7
=
S I
8
I + 4
2
6+ 4 \ 2
2 +/2
[ , * ]
2
2
/
3 + 2 v'2
16
(
3 =
4 3
= (T'V
8
V
8 )
1 +
2
3 1
/VI
S
i
/*-
2
^
2-
- 42
/2
3- 22
16
:
6
3
3
4 + 4 = =
8
8
8 4
ii) .
iii) 8 2 2 = 2 (2) 2 = 2(2) 2 = 2 2 2 = 1 - 4
9. (6) :
t
_ 1 -\ _
+
+ -
+ _
I+
(<
+
(t
_ + -
++
+
++
<) :
++
'! + -
=
2
++
:
-,
,
->7. + -
+ -
+-
-">+ ,
" + - + - =
+
+
=
= 1
2
2
2
((++
++
+(>+/
++
1.5
'
1.
i) oirv75o\tvl5= - 27515
2
= 1 [ ( 7 5 - 1 5 ) +(75+15)]
= -(60+90) = - ( - + 0 ] = 2
2^2
J 4
ii) 10515= 1 210515 = 1 [ 1 2 0 + 9 0 ]
/3 + 2
2
i n )
3
12
1 .
13
I
= - 2
= - +
12
2
12
12
2
2 1 2
)
*
11
12
7
1 .
7
1
= -2
= -
3
12
2
12
12
2
. -
2 I 2
i) 2 2 = ( + 2 ) + ( - 2 ) = 3 -
ii) 2 4 2 = ( 4 - 2 ) - ( 4 + 2 ) = 2 -
iii) 2 3 5 =( 3 - 5 ) + ( 3 + 5 ) = 2 + 8
iv) 2 = 1 2 2 = 1 [ ( 2 + 6 ) + ( 2 6 ) ]
(8 - 4 )
> * 0 - " ) ""( +
) 4
( - ) *,( + *
(-2) -40
-
V4
: 2
+ +
4
3.
i) 3 = 6 2 <=> 23 = 2 6 2
<=>4 + 2 = 8 +4 <=>8 = 2
<=> 8 = 2 k n + 2 x
kre
<=> =
3
8 = 21<+-2,
=
2kre +
k e
.
k
10
ii) 3 2 = 2 <=> 2 3 2 = 2 2
<=>5 + = - 3 5 = ( - 3 )
<= 5 = 2kJt+K-3x
2kit +
5 = 2 ^ - + 3 ,
2kn -
8
4.
i) 7 5 + 5 = 2
1
12
k e Z
.
k e
2
75 +1 S
7S IS
,
= 24530=
1
5
|9
= 2
12
2
5
I
?
?

.
'
2
/2 (
2
= 2 = 2
=
4
3
2 I 2)
2
4 0 4-80
4080
iii) 4 0 + 8 0 + 1 6 0 = 2
+160
2
2
= 26020+160
=
20+160
2 0 + 160
= 2
20-160
= 29070= 0
5.
) 4 +2 = 2 *
...
,
.
5-3
c
) 5 - 3 = - 2
5+3
- = - 2 4 -
3 -|-
3
iii) 3 + = 2 -
= 22
i v ) 1 + = + = 2 ^ ^ + | j ^ ^
= 2
>
) 1 + = 0 + = 2 = 2 2
6. + = 9 0 , :
i ) 2 + 2 = 2 ( + ) \ ' ( - ) = 2 9 0 ( - )
= 2 ( - )
41
+
.
-
) = 2 - - = 2 - 4 5 = \ 2 -
7.
3 - 5
3+5
..
24
= !? = ; = (((((
2 4 ('
+3 +5
( +5) +3
+3 +5
(+5) +3
2 3 2 +3<
232 +3
3 ( 2 2 + I ) _ 3(
3( 2 2 + I)
...
2 +36
2 +36
22 + 236
22 + 236
- 3 +3 - 9
3 - +9 3
8.
-9
254
9-
245
= 5
) 3 - =2 <=> 2 2 = 2
2 ( 2 - I) = 0
<=>2 = 0
= 1
:
JT
2 = 0 <=>2 = <=> 2 = 2k:r . k e

2
2
= - =
= krt .
4
keZ
5rr
= 2kn + x = 2kit+ .
ii) 5 - = 3 <=>-232 =3
<=>3( i + 2 2 ) = 0
<=>3 = 0
2 = - -
3 = 0
42
3 = k;r. k
kTT
= ,
k e
k e
( X
2 = - - <=>2 = <=>2 =
2
6
6
<=> 2 = 2 k i t - 2 = 2k^+;i+ , k e
<=> =
12
.
7
= | +
,
12
keZ
iii) 3 +6 +9 =()<=> (3 + 9 ) +6 =
<=> 2 6 3 +6 =
6 ( 2 3 + !) = ()
3 =
2
:
= 0 <=> 6 = k.T <=> =
krr
k e
6
3 = <=><3 = -=>3 =."- )
2
3
I
3 j
?"
<=>3 = <=>3 = 2 k : r ,
3
3
<=> =
6k:t 2
k e
keZ
'
1.
2 25()20-1 _ 2(70+30
i) 2 5 0 22()
220
- 27()+23()-1
22()
2
7()+2 ^ - I
220
~
22()
2|7()
= 1, 70 = 2 0 .
22()
ii) 2 5 2 0 6 8 0 - 2 4 7 0 7 7 0 - 2 6 5 0 8 =
= ( 16- 120) - ( 1 2 4 " - 3 0 ) - ( 4 6 + 6 )
= (16+60) - (56-30) - (-34+6 )
= 16+ - 5 6 + 1 + 3 4 - 6 = I. 5 6 = 3 4 .
13
2. 4 = 1 <=> 2(( + ) +( )) 1
<=> 2[90+( - )] = I
<=> 2 + 2( - ) = 1
<=>( - ) = - 1 ( - ) = 1
- = 30,
0 < , < 9 0
: .
+ = 90
-=30
=30.
3.
i) :
^
2 -
,, , -> +
< (^) <=> 2 < 2 ( - - )
<=>( - ) - ( + ) < 1 - ( +)
* ( - ) < I, ,
ii) .
4.
+
+ L
)
<
<=>
")
j
^
+ L
- <
+
- .
+
< = > - - <
2
2
2
<=>
+
2
-ft
- < 1

1-2
+
y->0,
> 0.
,
, +
0 < - < .
ii) .
5.
+-
-+
i) +( - ) = 2
-2
-2
= 2
= 2-]-
= 2
ii) .
44
|cfoA
+ IS+ rI =|
...,
.
.

+
A
) + + = 2
\
2
2
+ >
+ =
V
2
2
2/
- , .
+
= 2
1-1 - 2
-
= 2
2
2
+
2
2
I - 2rur =
2
+ 1
, ^
= 2 - 2 - - + I = 4 - + 1.
6. 2[2
2J
1 = V2 2 - 1
,/
-
+ \
2 ^ - + - j -
= V2 ^ +45 j - I
= V2
-
2
-
- 1 = 2
/2
+
2
7. :
^
= +

+
2 = 2 - -
+
-
<=> =
2
2
2
2
(I)
+
,
+
,
+ - = 9 0 , - =

(!)<=> =
1
-
<=> =
2
2
2
(
= - .
= -
<=>
2
<=> + =
+ =
<=> = 90
= 90
/
2
'
- I
- 9 0 <
<
9 0
45
1.6
'
1.
i) f ( x ) = 2[
+ ] f ( ) =( + )
:
2
2
- 2

:
ii) f ( x ) =[
y= 2 |
( ) = ( + )
:
2
1
- 1

:
2.
/ =(-|)
= ! > _ .
) = \ / 3 = - , :
= 2 +|52 = 3 + I = 2,
" 3
= 2
=
6
= 2 - j = ~ ^
-I
-
6
, (I). :
f ( ) = 2
46
11
ii) = - 1
=|,
= yja 2 + 2 = VI + I = \ 2 .
1
= = p r =
'2
|i
'#'<
1
=
7 2
= -2
4
= \ 2
- , - - ^
, (1), :
f ( x ) = V2IMII +
iii) = - 1
3
^
= - ' 3 , :
= ( +f>2 = \ 1 + 3 = 2,
= 2
-1
= = = -
2
3
= + j
4
3
\ 3
= - = = -
2
3
4
l'(x) - 2 ( + - )
iv) =
=
= 1, :
= \ + 1 = /2,
= \2
1
2
= = = =
V2
2
4
= -
1 =
= - =
"
^2
V
2 = - -
2
4
:
f(x) =\;2^ -
47
3.
i) f ( x ) = 2 +
( 2 i ) f -
2 , 2
-2. :
+11 /6
11 /6
= 2
:
ii) : 2
. : 2
. : - 2
iii) : 2
. : 2
. : - 2
48
iv) :
. : V2
. : - 2
4.
i) 2 ) :
3 - = 2^ +
:
+ 1
V3 - = ->
2 2( + " 1 = 2 <=>
(
<=>| x
+
1 ^
-j~ =
= 21<+,
= 2kre
keZ
2
4
.
k
3
ii) 2 ii) :
- = -\/2( + ~
:
3
- = 1 <=> /2^ + - y - j = 1 <=>^ +
V2
=
2
3
+ = 2kn+
4
4
3
<=>( + ) = <=>
4
4
+ =2^+,
4
4
49
It
<=> = 2kn
- 2krr.
2
iii) :
\ ' 2 \ + \ = 2 \ 2^ + y
;:
\ 2 + \/6> + 2 = 0
2 + = - 2
<=>2\2^ + ^ - = - 2
_ ^
( + | ) = ( ~
<=> + = 2 - + = 2+ . k e Z
3
4
3
4
,,
<=> = 2 k n
= 2kir +
12
11
12
'
, c
..
()
1. =
4
<=
(MB)
.
/:
( ) = 4< ( ) = 4>
:
( ) + ( M B ) = 2 \ 6 <=> 4+4>= 2 \ 6 <=> + =
\ 6
2
, :
)+*= 2^(>+^
:
\ 6
. (
\
\ 6
(
\
\3
+= <=> 2 (- I = <=>^ - j =
<=>| ( , > + f ) = T " - l f
50
. keZ
<=><0+ =
) + =
5
<=>= =
12
12
2. ( O A ) = ( ) = 2 ( ) = ()= 2
:
i) ( O A ) + ( ) = 2 + 2
ii) 2 + 2 ( + ) .
= 2, = 2 :
= \ ' 2 + 2 = \ 4 + 4 = 2 \ 2.
= 2 \ 2
2
V2
= = ^ = =
2\ 2
2
4
=
V2
= - = 27^ = =
2\2
2
4
:
( O A ) + () = 2 + 2= 212\][( + )
4
' ( O A ) + ( )

ji
| + 1 =
()<()<:
( ) + ( ) 2 \ 2 .
i) f ( x ) = g ( x ) + 3, ( ) = 5 + 2.
g = \ 5 : ' + 2 2 = 1 3 , g
13, - 1 3 .
13 + 3 = 1 6 ,
- 1 3 + 3 = - 1 0 .
ii) : f ( ) = 4 + 4 2 = 22 + 2(1 + 2 )
= 22 + 22 + 2 =
= g ( x ) + 2,
g ( ) = 22 + 22
g = / 2 2 + 2 2 = 2 \ ; 2 . g
2 2 , - 2 2.
f 2 V 2 + 2 ,
- 2\2
+ 2.
51
4. :
2 ( / 3 - ) = /2 - 1 <=> ^ ^ ) - 2 2 = V2 - 1
<=> 7 3 2 - (1 - 2 ) = /2 1 <=> ^ 3 2 + 2 = /2
2^2 +
^
/2
=> ( 2 + - =
.
1
<=>2+ = 2kK+
6
4
,
x = kre +
24
5.
"\
2 + =
1
2 + = 2 k n + n
6
0 =
keZ
7
x = kn + ,
24
i) =
h
/3
{>= 2 = , =
j = V2
keZ
:
n
() + () + () = 40
1+ + h = 4 0
1 ( + + 1) = 4 0
4 0
<=> h =
++ 1
ii) +
+ = ^ ^ + ^
:
40
h =
/2 + ^
+ 1
h ^ +
, ^ + ^ j = I.
+ = , = .
4
2
4
4 0
=40 (/2-1).
/2 + 1
/\
6.
i) = 2, :
2 = i M i i l
()
52
()
.
2 =
= ()
()
:
= () + () + (OK) = 1 +2+2
)
2 + 2
2 + 2 = %/2 2 0 + ~
:
= 1 + /22 + j
2 +
, ^ 2 + ^ j = I.
2 + = , = .
4
2
8
1 + \ 2 .
1.7
'
1. + + = 180 :
= 1 8 0 - - = 1 8 0 - 6 3 - 5 6 = 61
, , :
3 0 0
61
< a b '
56
, = ^ w
~ 2 8 4 m.
2. :
= 5 0 - 3 5 = 15
= 9 0 + 3 5 = 125
, , :
5
125
<4>
15
125
2 l , 5 8 m
53
3. H y .
/\
y = + , = y - x
:
i) , :
()
()
()
d
.
<=>
=
<=> (
( y )
( I )
( y - )
ii ( , :
<)
nny
() =
()
( ( , = ^ 2 .(y - )
<< < I
4. ,
() :
30
10
30 31
, .
,
~1,5>.
10
= 30
, ^ 1.
5. :
4 , 2 5 ' = 2 2 + 3 2 - 2 2 3()<=> 1 8 . 0 6 = 4 + 9 - 2
<=> 2()= -5,06<=>= -
5. ()
12
= - 0 , 4 2 <=> = 1 1 5
6. :
() 2 = 42 2 + 55 2 - 2 42 5562 =
=
1764 + 3025 - 4620 0,4695

1764 + 3025 - 2169 = 2620
51,2 m
7. :
()2 = ( ) 2 + ()2 = 2 0 2 + 4 0 2 = 2 0 0 0
()
= ( ) + ( ) = 60 + 40
( ) 2 = ( )- + ( ) - = 60
5 4
= 5200
+ 20- = 4000
, :
( ) 2 = ( ) 2 + () 2 - 2( ) ()9<=*
<=> 4000 = 2(XX) + 5200 - 2 1 ( ) \ 2 0
()\ 5 2
2/20 /52= 32
<=> =
<=>() =
20 , 52
'^
2/5 2/ 3
4
<=>> = - p = - <=>()~0.4%1 <=> ~ 6 0 , 25
V 65
8. (|. ) :
r 1 2
2 2 + -">- ""> +1 2
">

+* -
1 -7"
+
+
=1 !
+
+
'
2
2
2
? 2 2
_ - -
+
2
9. (. ) :
=
+
1 ""
+
"
+
- + " -
2
2
= 2- =
2
10. (. ) :
= <=>
">
+ - = V .-- + " - 2
2
2
7
2
2 +
- 2 = + 2 - 2
<=> 2 2 = 2 2 <=>= ,
.
11. (. ) :
= 2 <=> = 2
2 + 2 2
<=> 2 = 2 + 2 - 2 <=>2= 2 <=>= ,
2
'
1.
= 2R :
i) ' = A = ^ <=> 2 =
2
2 2
<=>2 =,
= 2.
55
ii) 2 - 2 = <=> ( 2 ) 2 - (2RnîA) 2 = 2 2

<=> 4 R ^
B - 4R^
A = 42
<=> 2 - 2 =
(. 2 . 13)
<=>( + ) ( - ) =
<=>(- ) =
[ ( + ) = ]
, = 2.
2
,
= .
2. :
= 135
= 45-
.

(45-) _
'
()
(45-)
135
, :
45-45
135
45
2
\ 2
=
^
= ( - ) .
V2
2
3.
) :
= <=> 2 = 2? <=> = 1 <=> = 90
ii) :
= +
= +
2R
2R
2R
= 2 + 2 <=> = 90
4. :
=
2RAvA = 2 R B v B
2 = 2
2 = 2 2 = 1 8 0 - 2
=
+ = 90
= 90
56
5. :
- _ 2 - 2 _ -
2 + 2
-
+
2
-- -
- -
^

2
2
-
= w
f =
6. :
()2 = ()2 + ( ) 2 - 2 ( ) ( )
(1)
= 1 8 0 - () = ( ) = , (1)
:
( ) 2 = I 2 + 2 - 2 1 ( 1 8 0 - ) = 1 + 2 + 2 2
,
,. , 1 + 2
5 + 32
= 1 + 3 = 1 + 3
=
.
7.
)
:
= 2 +2-2 y 2 = 2 + 2 - 2 ( 1 8 0 - )
= 2 +2+2
+ y 2 = 2 2 + 2 2 .
ii) ( ) = 4 ( O A ) = 4 - = 2
8.
) = ^ = 2 R B , = 21*
:
1
,
= 2* 21 = 2 _ .
)
, = - .
2
=-[ =-1 =
''
2
2
9. :
( ) = ( ) + ()<=> (1( x + y ) = ^ + -^
^
jT(Uxj^
(i
= 90 :
9 0 _ 45
45 ^
1_ 2
V2 ^
I _ 2(+)
2
\ 2(+)
<=> = V2
+
10.
:
( ) = ( ) + ( ) <=> - , * , 2 0 = - ^ 6 0 + - 2 6 0
<=>R I R 2 = R 1 R + K , R 4 - =
'
AC 1, V3)
11. :
( O A ) 2 = 2 - ( / 3 ) 2 = 4
( O B ) 2 = ( / 3 ) 2 + I2 = 4
(\/3, 1)
( ) 2 = ( / 3 - 1 ) 2 + (I - / 3 ) 2 = 2( 3 - 1 ) 2 .
:
( ) 2 = ( O A ) 2 + ( ) 2 - 2 ( )()<=>
<=> 2 ( \ 3 - I ) 2 = 4 + 4 - 2 2 2
8 - 4 3 = 8 - 8 <=> A O =
58
<=> A O = 3 0 .

1. I) :
D

=
=
fiu
= + =
* ^ E(pB

+ ^
= 2 . (1) :

2 =
+
+ gcpr
- <=> 2 =
+ = 2

ii) = J =
(i) :
- + - J = 2 - i + = 2.
2 = ^ - 5 2 = ^L__
1 +
1 +
:
:
1 + 2
2

1 + 2
<=>
2 ( + 2 ) ^
2 ( + 2 )
( + 2 )
{ + 2 )
<=> (1 + 2 ) = (1 + 2 ) <=> + 2 = + 2
( - ) +
( 2 - 2 ) = 0
<=> ( - ) - ( - ) = 0
<=> ( - ) (1 - ) = 0
<=> =
= 1
59
= [ 0 < , < 180

=
<=> =
] = = (90 - )
= 90 -
[ 0 < , < 180
= 90
& .
3.
(, y) k (1,3) 2, :
V ( x ~ T y + (y - 3 )2 = 2
(-1 f+ ( y - 3 ^ 4
, = I 2> t. y = 3 + 2 , :
( - 1 f + (y - 3 - (2 (Ti'Vt )2 + (2 | = 4ouv 2 t + 421
= 4 ( + ) = 4
1 = 4.
4. i) , x * 0 * -1. ; :
1
(1 + f + 2 = 4 (1 + )
=4
1 +
1 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 4 + 4
1
2 + 2 - 4 - 4 = 0
1 + - 2 - 2 = 0
<=> (1 + ) - 2 (1 + ) = 0
1 - 2 = 0
<=> (1 + ) (1 - 2) = 0
[ , , * - 1
= J = <=> = 2\m , k e .
2
3
3
.
ii) * 0 1. :

= 3 <=> = 3 - 3
1 -

^- = 3 - 3 2 = 3 - 32
1 - 2 = 3 - 32
<=> =
60
<3
3i 1
<=> =
2 2 - 3 + 1 = 0
1
1- [, , * 1 J
= 2kn +
6
<=>
6
ke
= 2V.n + \
, .
5. ) 0 < <
x > 0. :
2
S 2 <=> 2 + 1 > 2
+ > 2 <=> +
2 - 2 + 1 > 0
( - 1 f > 0, :
ii) 0 < < <
:
2
> 0, > 0 <
:
cyq
<* + ^
+
(1)
^ +
<=> ( + ) < ( + |.)

<=> + < + <=> <

<=> -
<
<=> < ,

JeS-<rt><=,
+
J K L t a L ,
+
* , , , *
:
2
2 | =
<=>
2 ->
I1 =
<=>
-")2 = 2k.it +
2 = 2 t a -
3
= - kn
3
ke
= - kjt
2 = - 2kn +
1
2
, ke
2
<=
= - kn +
, k
:
\
Li. k e , :
e (4. 5)
<=} 4 < x < 5 4 < - kn < 5

<=>4<-k<5<=>-5<k<-4
k e
x = - kn, k e (4, 5).

;
\ = k.i +
, :
3
e (4, 5)
JT
4 < - ^ + <5
3
12 < - 3kn + < 15
11 < -3k < 14
11 < - 3kn < 14
<=>-l^<k<3
U
3
k = - 4
x = - kn +
(4,5), = - ( - 4 ) +
= ..
3
3
(4, 5).
7. , ,
lni,
i) A, t sec
yM ,
:
h = 10 + yM
(1)

8 sec,
O A 8 sec 2 rad. 1 sec
2
- rad = rad, sec
8
nt
rad.
= () = 4m, yM = , :
5,1
.
y M = 4
4
, (1), :
h = 10 + 4
Jit
:
1 sec :
h = | l 0 + 4 Jm = (lO + 2V2jm
2 sec :
h = jlO + 4 j m = (lO + 4 ) m = 14m
5 sec :
h = | l 0 + 4 j m
= | l 0 - 4 5^jm
= jlO + 4 | + ~JJm
=(lO-2V2~)m
ii) 1 sec.
t
t + , :
..
.
+1)
(
\
10 + 4
= 10 + 4 + .
4
\4
4/
.
) - =
2 - 2
2
=
= = 22
)2
ii) :
- - 22 - 44 - 88 = 0
, (), :
- - 22 - 44 - 88 = 22 - 22 - 44 - 88
'= 4oif4x - 44 - 88
"= 88 - 88 = 0
9.
) (
3x-4xJ =
2
(1)
3 - 4 3 =3 (1)
3 = .
63
3 = <=>3 = <=> 3 = 2kn+
3a = 2kn+ , k e Z
2
4
4
4
2kn
,
2^
<=> =
+
=
+ , k e Z
3
12
3
4
k k = 3+, , e ()< <3
3 =
2

(8+ 1)
= 2+
+ = 2+
^
3
12
12
= 2+
, 0 < <3.
2.

(8+3)
+ = 2+
3
4
12
..
(8+)^
(8+1)
J -
~ *
V 6 - /2
~
"
I7ji
V2
5
= - =
12
12
6 + V2
4
3=
=
V2
12
4
2
..
(8+ 3)
(8+3) = t-
/
11 =
= \ 6- 2
| 2 + =
12
\
12
12
4
19 = - 5
= - V6 + /2
12
12
4
(1). .
ii)
64
10. M(x,y) = = 2 + 1 ,
He [,]. :
y =2 + 1 = 2 2 - 1 + 1 = 2 2 = 2 2
- 1<()<1
- 1 < < 1 . (, y)
= 2 2 , - 1 < < 1 .
(, y )
y = 2 2 , - 1< < 1.
Be [,] , = ,
y = 2()2 = 1 +2.
M ( x , y ) -
_ L L
-
(
= y =2 + 1, e [,].
11. - < <
j[
21+
1 +
1 +
2
() =
1 -
5+4
9 +
2
(1 + t
9+t2
t =
1 + *
0 <
(l + t ) 2 ^ ] 0
9+t2 " 9 '
:
(1 + t
f < <= 9(1 + t ) 2 < 9 0 + 10t2

9 + t2
9
<=>0<t 2 - 18t + 81
<=> (t - 9 ) 2 > 0 , .
6 5
12.
+ - - = + <=>
V2 + 1
4
4
.2
^^
<=>' + - ( 2 - 1 )2 = -
2 + 2 - 2( \ 2 - 1 )2 = \ 2 + /2
<=> (2 /2) [ +|= 2(\ 2 - I )2
<=> ( 2 - / 7 ) / 2 ( + | ) = 2(/
2( /2 - 1) +
- 1)2
1 = 2( \ 2 - I )2
2 = + - ^
jt
jt
<=> 2 = 2k.i+x + 2 = 2^+- - . k e

4
4
2k:r
, _
<=>x=2ku+
=
f.keZ
4
3
4
13. i) () = () = 20 () = 20,
|'() S
S =< + ()() = 4()2+ 4()00
ii) ) (i> :
S =2() (1 t 2) + 2()()2() = 2()(20 +20) + 2()
= 2()
2 ( 2 0 + - 1 + 200
4
<:
S = 20 \ 2( 20 + ) + 200
4
iii) S :
20 + |=|<=>20+ = 2 0 = <=> =
{
4)
4
2
4
S
S
. = 200 \ 2 + 200
= 200 ( \ 2 + 1).
14. :
()
(AM)
(-)
(1)
(AM)
(-(+))
, :
(+)
=
<=> >' ( -) = ( +)
(-)
<=> >-)= 2
<=>
<
= 2
>
-<)(| = 2
15. = = 180"-45-30"- = 105-,

:
, ()
()
=
,
45
()
30
()
(105-)
: ()
=
() 45
( ) /2
51
=
: ( ) -
()30
(105-)
()
2(105-)
(1) (2) - = /3 ()
:
()
( )
\ 2( 105)
- 2( 1()5-)
<=> V 3 =
<=> 3 = \ 2(|105( -\05)

3 = 2(15 +!5)
<=> '3 = V2 /2 (/3 + I) + /2 (/3 - I)
4
'4
<=> 2V3 = (\ 3 + 1 ) + (/3 - 1 )
( 3 + 1 ) = ( 3 + I)
=
<=>
1<=>
45
[<(<>" 0 <
<
180]
1 = 4 5 = 60.
( ) 1
2
12-11
'
3
1. - +1 - 3 +3 2 -3 2 + 3
, + 4 - 2 / 3 + 4 - 1
.
2.
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
3.
P(x) + Q(x) = x 2 - 5 x + 2 + x 3 + 3x + 1
= 3 + 2 - 2 + 3
2P(x)-3Q(x) = 2 ( x 2 - 5 x + 2 ) - 3 ( x 3 + 3x + 1)
= 2 2 - 10 + 4 - 3 3 9 - 3
= - 3 3 + 2 2 - 19+ 1
() Q(x) = ( 2 - 5 + 2)( 3 + 3 + 1)
= 5 - 5 4 + 2 3 + 3 3 - 152 + 6 + 2 - 5 + 2
= 5 -5 4 + 5 3 - 1 4 2 + + 2
|()] 2 = ( 2 5 + 2) 2
= 4 + 25 2 + 4 103 + 4 2 20
= 4 - 103 + 2 9 2 - 2 0 + 4.
()
43- = 0
2--^-=0
-2 + 1 = 0
= . ()
= - .
4.
2 - 3 = - 2 1 = 2 3 - 1 = 0 = 1
2 - 3 + 2 = 0 2 - 1 = 0 3 - 1 = 0 = 1.
= 1, .
5. i) .'
( - 1) = 2 ( - ) 3 3( 1)2 + 2 ( - 1) + 7 = - 2 - 3 - 2 + 7 = 0, - 1
().
(1) = 2 1 3 - 3 1 2 + 2 1 + 7 = 8, 1 ().
ii)
Q( 1) = (1) 4 +1= 1 + 1= 0, - 1 Q(x).
Q ( l ) = 1 4 + 1 = 1 + 1 =0, 1 Q(x).
Q(3)= - 3 4 + 1 = - 8 0 ^ 0 , 3 Q(x).
6. 2 ()
(2) = 0
23 k 22 + 5 2 + k = 0
<=> 3k + 18 = 0
<=> 3 k = 18
<=> k = 6
68
7.
P(-l)=l
5( 1)2 + 3 ( - 1) + 2 - 2 = 1
<=> 2 - 3 + 2 = 0
<=> = 1 = 2.

1. f(x) = ax(x + 1) + + = 2 + ( + ) +
3 2 - 7 + 5 2 + ( + ) +
.
= 3,
+ = - 7 = 5,
= 3,
= 10 = 5
2. - 2 ()
( - 2) = 0
3(-2)3 + (-2)2 + ( - 2 ) - 6 = 0
<=> - 24 + 4 - 2 - 6 = 0
4 - 2 = 30
2 - = 15
(1)
3 ()
(3) = 0 <=> 3 3 3 + 3 2 + 3 - 6 = 0
<=> 8 1 + 9 + 3 - 6 = 0
<=> 27 + 3 + - 2 = 0
3 + = - 25
(2)
(1) (2)
= - 2,
= 19
3. 1 ()
(1) = 0
2+++6=0
+=-8
(1)
( 2)= 12 <=> 2 ( - 2 ) 3 + ( 2)2 + ( - 2 ) + 6 = 12

<=* 16 + 4 2 + 6 = 12
<=> 4 - 2 = - 2
2 = 1
(2)
(1) (2) = - 3 = - 5 .
4. ()
() = (9 2 - 4) 3 + (9 2 - 4) - (3 - 2)
= (3 - 2)(3 + 2) 3 + (3 - 2)(3 + 2) - (3 - 2)
:
2
2
) = 0 = = - , ()
3.
ii) = 0, () = - 4 + 2 1.
69
iii) =
() = 0,
.
2
iv) = , ( \ ) = 4, /.
.
5. (\) 2.
() = 2 4- 4 . :
(2x4 1)( 2 4- + ) = 2 , - 9 2 - 3 4 - I
<=* 2 ' + 2 2 + 2 4 2 4 = 2 3 - 9 2 - 3 4 1
2 ! 4 (2 4 ) : 4 ( 2 4 )4 = 2 3 - 9 2 - 3 + I
2 = 2, 2 + = 9 ,
2 + = - 3
KUI = 1
<= = 1.
= -5,
= 1
() = 2 5x4- I.
2.2

i.
3 ' 4 6 2 -35-92
- 322
4 3 4
-
17
20
32-3-8
17x420
9
8 4 20
8 4 24
44
3 ' 4 6 2 - 17 + 20 = ( 4 3 ) ( 3 2 - 3 - 8)4 44
ii)
-81
4 + 3'
3 1
3'' 4 9 2
9:
- 9
' + 3 2 4 9 4 27
-81
-81
27
27
- 27
-81
4 81
2
4 - 8 1 =( 3)(' + 3 + 9 + 27).
iii)
24 5
- 24 5
+ 20 - 6 2
- 20 3
2
- 15 6 + 5
- ' -
- 16
16
- 15
I
5
~ 3
24 5 + 20 3 - 162 - 15 = (6 2 + 5)(4\ 3 ) iv)
2 4 + 4 3 - 5 2 + 3 2 ' + 2 - 3
2 4 43 + 6 2
2 2 + 1
+ 3 - 2
- 2 - 2 + 3
+ i
2 4 + 4 ' - 5 2 + 3 - 2 = ( 2 + 2 - 3 ) ( 2 2 + 1) + + I
) ( - 1)' = 3 - 3 2 f 3 - 1
4
- + 3- - 3 +
3'-32 +
- 3 3 + 9 2 - 9 + 3
3 - 3 2 + 3.x - I
+3
62-8 + 3
4 = ( 3 - 3 2 + 3 - )( + 3) + 6 \ 2 - 8 + 3
= ( - 1)'( + 3) + 6 2 - 8 + 3
vi)
- 5 + 2
-1
5 + 7 = ( 3 - 1)2 + 2 + 7
2. ()= 18 8 0 -6 5 0 + 4 2 0 - 2 .
= ( - 1 ) = 1 8 - 6 + 4 - 2 = 14
3. - 1 g(x) 1
g(x),
g( I) = 0 k 2 + 3 k - 4 = 0
=> k = 1
k= - 4
4.
i) Horner
-1
m
-1
- 2 5 0 = - 10
75
10
-100
250
10
-25

()= - 2 + 1 0 - 2 5 = 0 .

n(x) = x 4 + x 3 + x 2 + x + 1 = 2 .
ii)
512
vZvy/s - 8
64
-512
-8
64
= - 8

() = 2 - 8 + 64 = 0 .
iii)
t H
1
= 1
iv)
-3
-3
72
-6
-12 -24 -48
-6
-12 -24 -48
=2

( ) = - 3 3 - 6 2 - 12-24 = - 4 8 .
)
4
16
-23
-15
-2
-7
15
14
-30
= - 1/2

() = 4 2 + 1 4 - 3 0 = 0 .
5. Horner () = - 1 1 :
-2
-2
-2
- 1
2409
22
- 2 2 0 2431
20
- 2 2 1 4840
=11
( - 11) = 4840.
6.
i) = - 3
-25
-3
48
-3
-16
48
144
m
I
II
CL
( 3) = 0. + 3 ().
ii) =
16
16
-8
14
-4
-1
-4
16
(-^-) = 0,
=1/4
().
iii) = 1 + V 3
73
-3
hip
1 +V3
1-V3
-2
- 2 + V3
1-V3
= 1 + \
P(1 + V 3 ) = 0,
().
--/3
7. - y x + y . P(x) = x v - y v , = - y : () = ( - y) = ( - y ) v - y v = y v - yv = 0,-
. x - p = x + y P(x) = x v - y v .
8.
i) () = 4 4 + 7 2 + 12>0, pelR. ( ) * 0
pelR, (\) () - .
ii) pelR Q(p)= -- 5 - 3"~ 4 < 0 . Q(p)=0
p e f R , to Q(x)
-.
9. () = + 1, ( - 1) = ( - 1) 1 1 + 1 = 0
. ,
+ 1 + 1.
Horner x v + 1 + 1 :
1 .
- 1
- 1
-- 1
- 1
- 1
( + 1 ) : ( + 1 )
() = 1 - 2 + ' - . . . + 1 = .

1 + 1 = ( + 1 )(
\ "
- . . . + 1)
10. iii) 32-2-8"

- 3 2 + 6
4-8:
- 4 + 8 2
0
74
-2
3 + 4
ii) , :
+ ' - -
- 3 - :
" -
: + '
1$
1. , = , p e f N ,
" - " = - = ( - (
= ( )[( ) ' + ( )" : + ... + ( ) ']
= ( - )( 1 " " + "' : ' + ... + "' ").
- - .
2. ) () ()
(): < + ).

() = ( + )() + ()
+ 1 . () = . :
() = ( + )() +
=
(-^-) =
(-av
+ P
W_^'
+ l)
( " )
ii) () = ' + +
\
_/
> = (
) = 0 <=> ( - ) + = 0.
y
'
'
<=> - ^ + = 0
u
<= - ' + = 0
(:-) =0
<=> = 0 ^ 2
<=> = =
=-
3. () = 1 .
7s
-6
-3
-4
-2
-4
-2
() = ( - 1 )(2 3 - 4 2 + - 2).
() = 2 3 - 4 2 + - 2 = 2
-4
-2
= 2
() = ( - 2 ) ( 2 2 + 1). P(x) = ( x - 1)(-2)(2 2 + 1). () ( - 1 )( 2)

2 2 + 1.
4. 2 3 + 3 2 + = (2 2 + 3 + 1) = 2(+ 1)( + - y ) .
() :
(0) = (0 + 1)2 0 2 2 - 0 - 1 = 1 - 1 = 0 , - 0 = ().
(1) = (1 + 1 ) 2 - ( - 1 ) 2 - 2 ( - 1 ) - 1 = - 1 + 2 - 1 = 0 ,
+ 1 ().
2
1 \2
2
'
/ 1 ^2
2
= () -()
~2>
+ 1 - 1 = 0 , + -
().
5 ( - I) 2 () ( - 1) () () (): ( - 1),
(1) = 0 (1) = 0.
(1) = 0 <=> + + 1 = 0
= - 1 - . (1)
To ()
75
() = + 1 - (1 + ) + 1
= +--+ 1
= ( - 1) ( 1)
= ( - 1 ) - ( - 1)( ~' + ~ 2 + . . . + + 1)
( 1)( ~1 ~ 2 ... 1)
() = - _ - . . . - - 1
(1) = 0 <=> - 1 1 - . . . - 1 - 1 = 0 - = 0
, (1), = 1 .
<=> = .
2.3

1. :
5X4-6X2 = 0
i)
2(52-6) = 0
<=> x = 0 = V 6 / 5
3
= -//5 .
ii)
+ 2 -9-18 = 0
<=>
<=>
<=>
( + 2 ) - 9 ( + 2) = 0
( + 2 ) ( 2 - 9 ) = 0
( + 2)( - 3)( + 3) = 0
= -2 =3 = -3
iii)
3 5 + 5 4 = 3 3 + 5 2
<=> 3' + 5 4 - 3 3 - 5 2 = 0
<=> 3 3 ( 2 - 1) + 5 2 ( 2 - 1) = 0
2 ( 2 - 1)(3 + 5) = 0
** = 0 () = 1 = - 1 =
iv) 6 64 = 0
<=> 6 26 = 0
( 3 - 2 3 ) ( 3 + 23) = 0
=> ( - 2 ) ( 2 + 2 + 4)( + 2 ) ( 2 - 2 + 4) = 0
= 2 = - 2
2 + 2 + 4 2 - 2 + 4 .
)
2-2 =0
x 3 + x2 1 1 = 0
<= ( - 1)(2 + + 1) + ( 1)( + 1) = 0
<=> ( 1)(2 + 2 + 2) = 0
*=> = 1,
2 + 2 + 2 .
vi)
x 3 7x + 6 = 0
=>
<=
<=>
<=
<=>
<=
3--6 + 6= 0
(2 1) 6( 1) = 0
( - 1)(+ 1 ) - 6 ( - 1) = 0
(-1)(2 + - 6 ) = 0
( 1)( 2)( + 3) = 0
= 1 = 2 = - 3 .
77
( + 1 )3 + 1 -
vii)
viii)
( + 1)3 1 <=> + 1 = 1 <=> 2
7(3x + 2)~(1 - x) ? - (3x + 2)(1 - x ) 3 = 0

^ (3x + 2)( 1 - x) ; |7(3x + 2) - (1 - )] = 0
(3x + 2)(x - l) : (22x4 13) = 0
ix)
x^
= 1
= -
13
22
3 + 8 = 7(x 2 + 5x + 6) + 9 x : - 36
=> (x + 2)(x : 2x f 4) = 7(x + 2)(x + 3) f 9 ( x - 2 ) ( x + 2)
4=> ( + 2)[ 2 - 2x + 4 - 7x - 21 - 9x + 18] = 0
<=> (x + 2)(x 2 18x + 1) = 0
<=> = --2 = 9 + 4V5 = 9 - 4 \ 5 .
'-33 + 6-4 = 0
<= 4 - 2
3(2-2) = 0
2
<=> ( - 2)( : + 2) - 3 ( : - 2 ) = ()
<=>
( 2 - 2 ) ( 2 - 3 + 2) = 0
(-/2)(+/2 - -2)=0
<=> = V 2
2.
/2
= 1
) 1 , 2
2. Horner = 1 = - 1 (1)= 1 ( - 1)= - 3 ^=0, 1 - 1
, = 2 :
-3
-2
-2
- 1
- 1
= 2
(2) = 0, 2 .
= - 2 ( - 2 ) = 20=^0, - 2
.
2.
ii) 1 , 2 , 4 .
Horner = 1
m
3
-15
11
-4
11
- 4
= 1
1 . :
( - 1)(3 2 + 11 4) = 0 <=> 1 = 0 3 2 + 1 1 - 4 = 0
=1
= - 4
= 1
3
1 - 4 .
-10
-12
-2
12
-2
-6
ii
i
to
iii) : 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 1 2 .
Horner 1 , 2 , = - 2
Horner :
- 2 . :
( + 2) ( 2 - 2 - 6 ) = 0
<=>
+ 2=0
-2-6 =0
=> = - 2 = 1 - V 7
- 2 .
x=l+V7.
) 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 .
, . .
Horner = - 1 :
1
-1
-1
-6
= -1
- 1 . :
( + l)(x 2 + x + 6) = 0 <=> + 1 = 0, | 2 + + 6 = 2 3 < |
<=> = - 1.
79
- 1 .
3.
I)
1 , 2 .
( 1 ) = 2 * 0 , ( - 1 ) = - 4 * 0 , ( 2 ) = 2 0 * 0
( - 2 ) = 8 * 0 . .
() =
+ 3 - 2 ,
ii) : 1 , 5 .
() = 2 4 - 3 3 + 6 2 - 2 4 + 5 (1), ( 1), (5),
( - 5 ) , .
.
4.
i)
x 3 + 2x 2 + 3x + 6 > 0 & 2 ( + 2) + 3( + 2 ) > 0
( + 2)( 2 + 3 ) > 0
= + 2 > 0 , 2 + 3 > 0 xeIR
<=> > - 2 .
ii)
() = 4 - 6 3 + 2 2 2 - 3 0 + 1 3 1 , 1 3 .
= 1
1
-6
22
-30
13
-5
17
-13
-5
17
-13
Horner
=1
P(x) = ( x - 1 ) ( 3 - 5 2 + 1 7 - 13).
() = 3 - 5 2 + 1 7 - 13 = 1 :
-5
17
-13
-4
13
-4
13
= 1
() = ( - 1 ) ( 2 - 4 + 13) :
( - 1 ) 2 ( 2 - 4 + 1 3 ) ^ 0 <=> ( - 1 ) 2 ^ 0 ,
[ 2 - 4 + 1 3 > 0 |
<=> = 1.
x = 1.
80
iii)
x 3 - 3 x + 2 < 0 x 3 - X - 2 X + 2 < 0
x(x2- l ) - 2 ( x - 1)<0
<= ( x - l)[x(x+ 1) 2] < 0
=> ( x - 1)(X2 + X - 2 ) < 0
( x - l) 2 (x + 2 ) < 0
<=> x + 2 < 0 ,
[ (x l ) 2 > 0 xeIR, x*=l]
x< -2.
iv) Horner = - 1 :
1
-1
-3
-6
fH
-1
-3
-2
-6

( + 1)( 3 -2 2 + 3 - 6 ) ^ 0
<= ( + 1)[ 2( 2) + 3( 2)] ^ 0
(+1)(-2)(2 + 3 ) ^ 0
(+1)(-2)^0,
<=> ^ - 1 > 2 .
[ 2 + 3 > 0 xeIR].
i)
3 3 - 3 2 - 5 - 2 = 0.
1 , 2 . Horner : f ( l ) * 0 , f ( - 1 ) * 0 , = 2
3
-3
-5
-2
tH
=2
f(x) = ( x - 2 ) ( 3 x 2 + 3 x + 1). 3x 2 + 3 x + 1 f x ' x

(2, 0).
ii) )
4 3 - 3 - 1 = 0 . :
3x 3 3x + x 3 1 = 0 <=> 3( 2 1) + ( 1)( 2 + + 1) = 0
<=> ( - 1)[3 2 + 3 + 2 + + ] = 0
<=> ( - 1 ) ( 4 2 + 4 + 1 ) = 0
(-1)(2+1)2 = 0
1
" 2 ()
81
g ' (1,0)
(-
0)
6. xeIR
4 ~5 3 + 32 + < 0 <=> (3-52 + 3 + 1 ) < 0
(3-2-32 + 3-2+1)<0
=> x j x 2 ( x - 1 ) - 3 ( - 1) ( 1)(+ 1)] < 0
<=> ( 1 )(2 4 1J < 0
=> ( - 1 )( 2 / 5 )( 2 -(- V 5 ) < 0
:
77
\S
'
2 +V5
, 2 - V5 < < 0 1 < < 2 + V s .

7.
i) x 4 = y y ? - 15y 16 = 0
y, = 16 y 2 = 1.
:
y = 16 4 = 16 = 2
y = - 1 x 4 = - 1, .
ii) ( - l) 3 = y y 2 - 9 y + 8 = 0 y, = 1 y2 = 8.
:
y = 1 ( x - I) 5 = 1 <=> 1 = 1 <= = 2
y = 8 (x 1)3 = 8 => - 1 = 2 = = 3
^ 6y 2 + 5 y - 6 = 0
iii) * - 1
3
y, = -
:
+1
2
y 2 = .
4-1
<=> 2 = - 3 - 3 3 = 2 + 2
82
= - 3
, = 2
'f(O) = - 3 < 0
8. f(x) = x ' + 5 - 3
J(l) = 3 > 0
(0,1)
, f(0,l), f(0,2),...,f(0,9) .:
' 1(0,5) = - 0,375 < 0
(0,6) = 0,216 > 0
(0,5, 0,6)
f(0,5l), f(0,52), ... f(0,59) :
(0,56)~-0,03<0
f(0,57)i0,03 > 0
(0,56, 0,57).
0 , 5 6 < < 0 , 5 7 = 0,6.

1.
) 10
3 + 52 + 2 - 8 = 0 . 1 , 2 , 4 , 8 . Horner :
1
-8
Hi
:
( - 1)( : + 6 + 8) = 0
x, = 1, 2 = - 2, , = - 4.
ii) 6
6 3 - 5 : - 4 4 + 15 = 0 1,
3 , 5 , 15.
Horner 3
. :
{
-5
-44
15
18
39
-15
13
-5
=3

( - 3 ) ( 6 2 + 13 5) = 0
, = 3, 2 = -2,5, 3 = j
2. () x + 1,
(-1) = 0 (-1)4 + (-1)3 + (-1)2-16(-1)-12 = 0
= 1 + + 16 12 = 0
(1)
- = 5
() - 2 ,
(2) = 0
24 + 2 3 + 2 2 - 1 6 2 - 1 2 = 0
16 + 8 + 4 - 3 2 - 12 = 0
<=> 8 + 4 - 2 8 = 0
2 + = 7
(2)
(1) (2) = 4 = 1,
() = 4 + 4 3 2 16 12
Horner = - 1
1
-1
-16 -12
Hi
-3
12
-4
-12
= -
P(x) = (x+ 1)(3 + 3 2 - 4 - 12)

Horner 3 + 3 2 - 4 - 12
= 2 :
1
-4
-12
10
12
=2
3 + 3 2 - 4 - 12 = ( - 2 ) ( 2 + 5 + 6),
() = ( + 1 ) ( - 2 ) ( 2 + 5 + 6) () = 0
, = ,
2 = 2, 3 = - 2 x4 = - 3 .
8 4
3. 1 , 3 .
= 1 1 - 1 + k + 3 = 0 <=> k = - 3 .
x = - 1 - 1 - 1 - k + 3 = 0 <= k = 1
x = 3 2 7 - 9 + 3 k + 3 = 0 *=> k = 7
= - 3 - 2 7 - 9 - 3 k + 3 = 0 k = - l l
k - 3 , 1, - 7 , - 11.
4. 1 , 2 .
= 1 1 + 2 - 2
= , 1
-,
= - 1 ( - 1) 2 2 = 0 <=>
t
= ,
& , - 1 .
- 2 2 . .
5. - 1 ()
(1) = 0 <= 15 10 + k = 0 <=> k 14 = 0 k = 14.
k : () = 6 - 5 4 - 1 0 2 + 1 4 .
2 = y Q(y) = y 3 - 5 y 2 - 10y + 1 4
Horner, = 1 :
1
-5
-10
14
iff
-4
-14
-4
-14
Q(y) = ( y - 1 )(y 2 4y 14)

P(x) = (x2 1)( 4 -4 2 14) = ( - 1)(+ 1)( 4 42 14).
:
() = 0
( 1)(+ 1)( 4 42 14) = 0
<=> = 1 = - 1 " - 4 2 - 14 = 0
2 = 2 - 4 - 14 = 0
g>| = 2 + 3V2 2 = 2 - 3 \ / 2 .
_
2 + 3/2,
2
= 2 + 3/2
<=> = ^2 + 3\
- V 2 + 3V2
, - , - V 2 + 3V2 , V2 + 3V2
85
6. V = (9 - 2)(5 - 2), (9 - 2)(5 - 2) = 21 :

4x'-28xJ + 45-21 - 0
1, 3 , 7 , 21. Horner
= 1
4
-28
45
-21
- 24
21
-24
21
:
( 1 )(4 2 24 + 21) 0
I. x = I din 3, 7, 1
3t 4 + 2 t ' - 3 0 0 t - 2 0 0 = 0
<=* (3t +2) l00(3t + 2) = 0

<=> (3t + 2)(t' - 100) -
<=> t = - y
t J = 100
<=> t -
- y
=/l()0 .
1 ^ 0 . t =V 100 .
64=
4 ' < 100 <
5
=125
97,3^(4,6)' < 100 < ( 4 , 7 ) ' ^ 103,8
99,8(4,64) 1 < 100 < (4,65)' ^ 100,5
\ 100 ^ 4 , 6
:
3 (4,6)"+ 4.6
100 + 50
68,08
150
-0,45
8. x : ( x + 1 ) c m
36cm 1 :
x : ( x + l ) = 36
' + : - 3 6 = 0
<=> ' - 2 7 + : - 9 = 0
( - 3 ) ( : + 3 + 9) + ( - 3 ) ( + 3) = 0
<=> ( - 3 ) ( * + 4 + 12) = 0
<=> - 3 = 0 , : + 4 + 12 .
<=> = 3m.
s(i
9. V = 0.
,
* (2000 - + 20 2 - 3 ) = 0
=> 3 - 2 0 2 + - 2 0 0 0 = 0
<=> 2 ( - 20) + 100( - 20) = 0

<= ( 20)( 2 + 100) = 0
<=> = 20 .
10. d .
15t(t3 6t 9) = 0 <=* t = 0 t 3 61 9 = 0
t = 0 ,

13 6t 9 = 0 => t 3 - 9t + 3t 9 = 0
= t(t - 9) + 3(t - 3) = 0
<=> ( t - 3 ) ( t 2 + 3t+ 3) = 0
<=> t = 3 sec, t 2 + 3l + 3 = 0 .
11.
y -t 4x 108
y=
11664
2y = 11664.
11664 , ^ 1
h4x<108.
:
43-1082+11664<0
<=>
<=
<=>
<=
<=>
<=>
=>
=>
3 - 2 7 2 + 2916<0
3 - 1 8 2 - 9 2 + 1 8 162^0
2(-18)-9(2-324)^0
2(-18)-9(-18)(+18)
(-18)(2-9 -162)^0
( - 18)2( + 9 0
= 18 + 9 ^ 0
= 18 ^ 9
^ - 9 x , = 18cm,
11664
= 36cm.
18"
12.
i) y ^ x + . ( 1,2)
(-
- 4 - ) , :
2=+
- = +
= + = 2 2 + = - 1
<=> = 5 = - 3 .
y = 5 x - 3 .
8 7
ii) ,
3 + 2 = 5 - 3
'y = x 3 + x 2
y = 5 - 3
Ly = 5 - 3

3 + 2 = 5 - 3 <=> 3 + 2 - 5 + 3 = 0 .
iii) Horner :
x 3 + x 2 - 5 + 3 = 0 * ( 1)(2 + 2 3) = 0
= = 1 [ ] = - 3 .
= - 3 y = 5 ( - 3 ) - 3 = - 18. ( - 3 , - 18).
13. )
(+1)( + 2) = 200
3 + 3 2 + 2 - 2 0 0 = 0
(lml = 1cm3)
f(x) = 3 + 3 2 + 2 - 200.
f f(4) = 8 0 < 0
.
4 < < 5 .
U(5)=10>0
-f(4,9)= 0,52<0
. 4,9<<5
^ f(5) 10 > 0
r
f(4,90)= - 0 , 5 2 < 0
. 4,90<<4,91
U(4,91) = 0 , 5 2 > 0
= 4,9cm = 49mm.
)
nr 2 (r+ 10)= 1000
r 3 -4-1 Or2 =
1000
/
= 318
<=> r 3 + 1 Or2 318 = 0
f(r) = r 3 + 1 Or2 318.

f(4)= 9 4 < 0
S<S
4 < r < 5
f(5) = 57 > 0
'f(4,6)= 9 , 0 7 < 0
. 4,6<r<4,7
J(4,7) = 6 , 7 2 > 0
(1 lit = 1000cm3)
'f(4,65)= 1,24 < 0
. 4,65<r<4,66
J(4,66) = 0 , 3 4 > 0
r = 4,7cm = 47mm
)
y ( h + 5) 2 h = 250
( h 2 + 10h + 25)h = 750
(lml = lcm 3 )
<=> h 3 + 10h2 + 2 5 h - 7 5 0 = 0
f(h) = h + 1 0 h + 2 5 h - 7 5 0
3
ff(6) = 2 4 < 0
. 6 < h < 7
.f(7) = 2 5 8 > 0
rf(6,0)= 2 4 < 0
j
Cf(6,l)= 1,58 > 0
. 6,0<h<6,l
[ f(6,09)= - 101 < 0
. 6,09<h<6,10
f(6,10)= 1,58 > 0
h = 6,lcm = 61mm.
2.4
'
1. i) xeIR * 0 * 1 .

( 3 2 - 1 ) ^ 2 = ( - 1)( 2 -3 + 2) <= 3 3 - - 2 = 3 - 3 2 + 2 - 2 + 3 - 2
<=> 2 3 + 4 2 - 6 = 0
2( 2 + 2 - 3 ) = 0
<= 2 + 2 - 3 = 0,
[^]
<=> = - 3 = 1
<=>=-3,
[ # 1 . ]
ii) e IR 1 - 1.
:
2 (+1)-2(-1)=4 <= 3 + 2 -2-2=0
2 ( + 1 ) - 2 ( + 1 ) = 0
(+ 1 )(2 2) = 0
<=> = - 1 = - V 2 \ = \ .
- V2, /2 - 1.
2. xeIR * 0 *= -. :
2+
_1_ -
2-1
(2)
2 ( 2 - 1 ) + 2 - 1 >, 0
(2 1)
<=> ( 3 + 1 ) ^ 0
(+ 1)(2- + 1 ) ^ 0
<=> (+ 1 ) ^ 0
-- ( > . * - ) .
2
3.
2 3 + 1 - 2 + 2 - 2 = 0 = 2 3 - 2 + 2 - 1 = 0
<=> 2 (2 - 1) + 2 - 1 = 0
<=> ( 2 - 1 ) ( 2 + 1 ) = 0
*=> 2 - 1 = 0
1
<=> =
- 2 +
x = 2krt + - ^ ~ , k e Z .
6
4. i) [, +<). :
S 7 = -4 = = 0
( -4 < 0)
ii)
2 +
. x
3'
V 3 - 2 = 4
3 2 = 16
( )
x = 6. 6
.
iii) V 5 x - 1 , - 4 .
>10
iv) xeIR + 3 > 0 ,

^ - 3. :
Vx + 3 = x 4 1
+ 3 = : + 2+1
[ ]
2
+-2-0
= - 2 - 1
, > ,
x = 1.
) xe IR + 3 ^ 0 1 0 - ^ 0 , x e | - 3 , 10|.
Vx + 3 = V l 0 - x + l
x + 3= 10-+ 1 + 2 \ / 0 -
2 - 8 = 2 V 1 0 -
- 4 = \ 10 -
2-7 + 6=0
[ ]
= 1 =6
, ,
x = 6.
vi) xeIR ^ - 2 0 > 0 ,
^20.

( V x - 2 0 )2 = ( 1 0 - V x ) 2
- 20 = 100 - 2oV +
20 V = 120
Vx = 6
= 36.
36 x ^ 2 0
= 36, . 36
.
) xe(0, 4 *>).

2x = x - 8 4 6Vx
(1)
4 8 = 6V
( 4 8) 2 = 36
2 4 16 + 64 = 36
2 - 2 0 x 4 64 = 0
= 4 = 16
4 16 > 0
. .
<>1
viii) e IR ^ 0 > - 1 , ^ 0.
:
V 1 +2Vx = V x + 1
|( ]
2\/ =
4 = 2
( - 4) = 0
=0 =4
0 4 ^
, . .
'
1. i) 2 + 3 ^ 0 1 - 3 x ^ 0
3
1
^ ^ . :
/2 + 3 < V l - 3 x
(V2x + 3 ) 2 < ( V l - 3 x ) 2
<=> 2x + 3 < l - 3 x
4=> 5 < - 2
^
- 2
=> < jj
. xeIR
3 ^
2
- <
-2
5
ii) xeIR ^ 3 . :
- 5 < 0 < 5 , xeIR 3 ^ < 5 .
( ).
- 5 ^ 0 <=> ^ 5 ,
Vx-3 >x-5
<=
<=>
=*
=>
<=>
-3^(-5)2
- 3 > 2 - 1 0 + 25
2-11 + 28<0
4<<7
5^<7,
^ 5 .
2. i) x e [, + >). Vx = y y 2 + 3 y - 10 = 0 y, = 2 y 2 = - 5 .
y = Vx ^ 0 , y, = 2, Vx = 2 x = 4.
92
4 ^ 0 ' , .
ii) x e[0, +). Vx = y y 2 + y - 6 = 0 y, =2 y 2 = - 3 . y = yfx >0, y - 2 , Vx = 2
= 8 . x = 8 >0
, .
3. )
x 2 +x-2 = y
(1)
y-2 = / y
(2)
y 0.
(2) (y-2) 2 = y
:
y 2 -4y+4 = y y 2 -5y+4 = 0 y=l y=4
y=4 (2). ,
(1), :
x 2 +x-2 = 4 = 2 +-6 = 0 = = - 3 = +2
ii) -1> -4 >0 +4 >0,
>4.
:
(/ -1 +/ - 4 )2
(/ +4 )2
-1+-4+2/ ( - - 4 )
+4
2' (-1-4)
9-
=
=
=
(9-) 2
81-18+ 2
0
< _
(2"/ ( - - 4 ) )
4( 2 -5+4)
3 2 -2-65
. 1
6
3
=5 .
4. ) - 1 > 0 ^ 1. :
< 0 , .
^ 0 , V x - 1 = <=> - 1 = 2 <=> = 2 + 1
ii) IR. :
2 - < 0 < - y , .
2 - ^ 0 ^ , :
V4x2+1 = 2 -
=> 4 2 + 1 = 4 2 - 4 + 2
<=>
4 = 2 - 1 .
93
,
= ,
2-1
* 0 =
.
4
^ ,
2 1
4
( 2 1)
"~4
4(:+1)<0
<=> < 0 .
5. :
2 4 - 33 - 3(1 - 2 ) - 3 + 4 = 0
2 4 - 3 3 + 3 2 - 3 + 1 = 0
=
2y4-3y3 + 3y2-3y + 1 =0
(1)
1 . Horner = 1
-3
-3
-1
- 1
- 1
- 1
= 1
() :
( y - l ) ( 2 y 3 - y 2 + 2 y - 1) = 0
( y - l ) | y 2 ( 2 y - l ) + 2 y - 1| = 0
( y - 1 )(2y l)(y 2 + 1) = 0
y, = 1 y, = . = 1 = y
= 2 + 4*
= 2+4
= 2 +
keZ .
I.
() - ( 2 + + 1) = 3 + 3 + + 3 + 2 - 2 - - 1
= 3 1+ 3 + + 3 + 2 2
= (3) 1 + [ ( 3 ) - ] + 2 [ ( 3 ) - 1 j
= ( 3 -1),() + ( 3 -1) 2 ()+ 2 ( 3 -1) 3 ()
( 3 1) (),
(
)4
() .
() = ( 2 + + 1) + ( 3 - 1) ()
= 2 + + 1 + ( - 1)(2 + + 1)()
= ( 2 + + 1)| 1 + ( - 1)()]
= ( 2 + + 1) ,()
() 2 + + 1.
2. i) ') f(x)
f(x) = vx Uf 1 - - + 1
= ( - 1 ) - ( - 1)
= ( - 1) ( 1)(
_1
+ ... + + 1)
- ~ - .... - - 1]
= ( 1)[ -
() = - ' - 2 - . . . - - 1 ,
f(x) = ( x - 1 ) () (1) = - 1 - 1 - . . . - 1 - 1 = - = 0,
() = ( 1)(), () .
f(x) = ( x - I ) ( - 1 ) () = ( - 1 ) 2 ( ) ,
f(x) ( - I) 2 .
() Horner, ()
= 1, :
- 1
- 1
- I
- I
- +2
- 1
- I
<
() =
+ ( - 1)
= 1
+ ... + 1.
ii) To g(x)
g(x) = ( v - 2 ) x v - ' + V X - V + 2
= - 2 - " 1 + vx - + 2
= | ( 1) 2(x v 1) + v(x 1)
= vx v ' ( x - l ) - 2 ( x - l)(x v ~' + x v 2 + . . . + x + 1) + v ( x - 1)

= ( x - 1 )|vx v 1 - 2 x v 1 - 2x v ' 2 - ... - 2 x - 2 + v|
P(x) = vxv 1 - 2 x v 1 - 2 x v " 2 - . . . - 2 x - 2 + ,
g(x) = ( 1 )P(x) (1) P(l) = v 2 2 ... 2 + v = 2v 2v = 0,
P(x) = (x l)Q(x), Q(\) .
g(x) = ( x - 1 ) 2 Q ( X )
(2).
Q(x) Horner :
95
-2
- 2
- 2
- 2 4
= 1
- 2
- 2
- 2( - 2) - + 2
- 2 4 - 6
- 2( 1)
:
Q(x) = ( - 2) ~ 2 + ( - 4) _ 3 + ( - 6) ~ 4 + . . . + [ - 2( - 1)]

Q(l) = ( v - 2 ) + ( v - 4 ) + ( v - 6 ) + ... + [ 2( 1)]
= - 2 + - 2 2 + - 2 3 + ... + - 2 ( - 1 )
= ( + + ... + ) - 2 [ + 2 + 3 + ... + ( - 1)]
= ( - 1 ) - 2 [t + c v - o k v - l )
= (
_1)_
_1)
= 0
- 1 Q(x),
Q(x) = ( x - 1)()
(3)
(2) (3)
g(x) = ( x - 1)3()
g(x) ( - I) 3 .
3. i) 0 ,
4 + 2 3 + 2 + 1 = 0
<=> x 2 + 2x+ + ^ = 0
" + 2 + 2 (
+ -jj- = y 2 +
)0
'
= y 2 - 2
y 2 - 2 + 2y = 0 <=> y 2 + 2 y - 2 = 0
y= 1 -V3
x + - = - 1 - V 3
( 2 )
y=-l+V3
+ = 1 /3

X2 + ( 1 + V 3 ) X + 1 = 0
x2 + ( l - V 3 ) x + 1 = 0
, = (1 + / 3 ) 2 - 4 = 2\/3 2 = (1 - V 3 ) 2 - 4 = - 2 V 3 < 0
,
-1-V3-Vl2"
- 1 - V 3 +Vl2"
, = 2
.
ii) 0, 2
+X-4+
(
)6
=0
<=> 2 + + +
4=0
+ y = y 2 +
= y 2 - 2
y2-2 +y-4 =0
y2 + y - 6 = 0
y, = 3 y2 = 2.
x + - = - 3
+ =2

2 + 3 + 1 = 0 2 2 + 1 = 0
- 3 + V5
, =
.
-3-Vs
, 2=
3= 1
:
-3 +Vi
2
-3-V5
2
4. i) = 0 , 2 :
2 + - 1 6
<=> x 2 +
+
- 72 = 0
x x
//
2 \\22
+16 = 0
- = y ( - ] = y ,
4
2
4
2 + 2 - 2 = y 2 , 2 y = y 2 + 4
-
y2 + 4 + y - 1 6 = 0 y2 + y - 1 2 = 0
y, = - 4 y2 = 3
2
= - 4
' '
= 13
2 + 4-2 = 0 x 2 - 3 x - 2 = 0
<=> = - ,2 - V 17
6 . = - 2^ + V17
6 = 3 - V I 7
V r
T
. = 3 +
ii) i)
2 + ^ +
- = y 2 +
- ) +
1 3
= y 2 + 2
97
y z + 8 y +15 = 0
y, = 3 y 2 = - 5

1
- 3
= - 5<
x 2 + 3x - 1 = 0 2 + 5 - 1 = 0

- 3 +/
-3VT3
-1
-, 2 =
3 =
-5-V29
- 5 + V29
2
' *4 = ~
. .
5. x 2 + 2 x - l = y
y2-3(y+4)+14 = 0 y2-3y + 2 = 0
y, = 1 y 2 =2,
x 2 + 2 x - l = l 2 + 2 - 1 = 2
2 + 2 - 2 = 0 2 + 2 - 3 = 0

- 1 - / , - + /3 1, - 3 .

, = - l - y / J , x 2 = - 1 + V J , 3 =1, 4 = - 3
6. :
5 + 32 + + = ( 2 - 2 ) () + 5 + 8
= /2
(V2) 5 + 3(V2) 2 + aV2 + = 0 + 5\/2 +8
<=> 4 V 2 + 6 + a V 2 + = 5"/2 +8
<=> aV2 + = V2 + 2
x = - i l
(1)
/ - = 4 - 2
(2)
(1) (2) =1 =2.

98
7. Horner
1
-12
12
-12
...
12
-1
it!
11
-11
11
-11
11
-1
-1
...
10
= 11
( 1 1 ) = 10.
( 1 3 ) .
:
( ) = 1 7 1 - 12(15 14 + 13 ... + 1)
16 - 1
= 1 12
+1
17-
= 1 12
+1
1 3 7 - 13
13 + 1
13'713 6(13'7+1)
(13)= 13 1 7 - 1 - 2
= 1317 - 1
1317
(13).
8. = ()
,
. ,
()
.
99
= 0
103 1002 + 270 180 = 0
3 102 + 27 18 = 0
<=* 3 - 9 2 -
+ 9+18-18 = 0
( 1) 9( 1)+ 18( 1) = 0
( - 1 ) ( 2 - 9 + 18) = 0
( - 1)( - 3)( - 6) = 0

T,(x) = x 3 - 102 + 2 7 - 18.
:
)
1 ,
) 3
6 - 3 = 3
.
100
3.1

1.
ii) 2, 4, 8, 16, 32
iv) 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
i) 3, 5, 7, 9, 11
iii) 2, 6, 12, 20, 30
) 1, - 0 , 1 , 0 , 0 ] , - 0 , 0 0 1 ,
0,0001
viii)
) 4, 3, 2, 1, 0
. , ,
2 , 1 ,
Vl)
8
^
32
1,
2^
3
3
9
15
33
2 ' 4 ' 8 ' 16 ' 32
v2
'
) 1,
v2
'
sTl
, 0, -
2 ' 3 '
4 ' 5
xi) 1, - 1 , 1, - 1 , 1
2.
i) 2, y , . 2 , y , 2
ii) 0, 1, 2, 5, 26
iii) 3, 4, 6, 10, 18
3.
i) , = 6 + , - = ( + 1) + 5 - - 5 = 1,
'a, = 6
a., = 1 + av
> v+ 1
ii) a, = 2
= 2,
'a, = 2
1 2a v
iii) a, = 1 a v + 1 = 2 V+I - 1 = 2 2V - 1 = 2 (1 + a v ) - 1,
fa!
= 1
Uv+, = 2av+l
101
iv) , = 8 + , - = 5(+ 1) + 3 - 5 - 3 = 5,
', = 8
.+1 = 5 +
4. i) , = 1
2 = , + 2
3 = 2 + 2
ii)
= _, + 2
= 1 + ( - 1)2 = 2 - 1
,=3
, = 5,
, = 5 ;

:
= 3 - 5 1
= 5
5. i)
5
,=
3 = 3
, = 10
3
25
<=-
.1
102
ii)
, = 12
2= - 6
3 = 4
4= - 3
5 = 2,4
ill)
, = 1
2 = 0
ct3 = - 1
4 = 0
5=1
1
i
__
31
103
'
/.
7j
1. , = .
:
=
( )
()
(am,)
( ) = 2 ^ = 22. + 1
+ 2 1.
( + 1) + ( + 2)
,
2 + 3
,
2 + 3
1 = - . = -
3. i)

1
")
+1
- - ) = (+ 1)( + 2) <0,
0 0
+ , < .
4. , = 1, 2 = 2 , = 2, 3 = 3 2 = 6, 4 = 4 3 = 24.
: ] = 1
2 = 2,
3 = 32
4 = 4 3
=
104

:
= 1 2 3 4...
=!
7
5. A = 7 : , = = 3,5
2 = y (3,5 + 3 - 5 ) = 2,75
3 = y (2,75 + 2^5 ) = 2,6477273
1
4 = (2,6477273
+ ,
) = 2,645752
2
2,6477273 '

V7=2,6457513.
6. i)
S, = 3
S2 = 3 4 = 12.
S 3 = 12 4 = 48

4. S v + I = 4 Sv, :
S] = 3

5 2 = 4S,

53 = 4S2
S = 3 4 V_1
SV = 4SV_,
ii)
Uj = 3 1 = 3
2 = 3 4 1 = 3 4 = 4
U = 3 4 4 = 4 = - ^ ~
3
Uv+1=Uv-y
(4 j\
3.2
'
1. i) = 7 + ( - 1) 3 ii) = 1 1 + ( - 1 ) 2 iii) = 5 + ( - 1)( 3)

= 3 + 4
=2 + 9
= - 3 + 8 '-
105
) = - 6 + ( - 1)( 3)
iv) = 2 + ( - 1)
1
3
2
2
2. i) 1 5 = 2 + (15 1)5
= - 3- 3
= -^-v+
ii) 20 = 11 + ( 2 0 - 1)7
= 68
=144
iii) , = 4 + ( 3 0 - 1) 11
=323
2
1
3
iv) a,5 = 17 + (35 - 1) 8 ) a 50 = 1 + (50 - 1) y -=-)vi)a a4 477 == y^ + +( 4(47
7 - 1- ) 1)

101
= 289
3.
35
i) a 6 = a, + 5, a, + 5= 12 a l 0 = , + 9, , + 9= 16.
', + 5= 12

ka,
+ 9= 16
= 1 , = 7
, + 4 = 14
ii)
, + 11 = 42

= 4 , = - 2
, +2 = 20
iii)
, + 6 = 32

= 3 , = 14
, + 4 = - 5
4. ) :
ka,+
14= - 2

3
= =0,3
, = - 6 , 2
50 = , + 49 = -6,2 + 49 0,3 = 8,5

fa, + 6 = 55
ii)
.. + 21 = 145
= 6 , = 19
,8 = , + 1 7 = 1 9 + 1 7 6 = 1 2 1
*)
5. i) = , + ( - l ) c o ,
97 = 2 + ( - 1)5
2 + ( - 1)5 =97
5, = 100 = 20
20, 20.
ii) = , + ( - 1),
97 = 80 + ( - 1 ) ( - 3 ) 80 + ( 1)( 3) = 97
- 3 = 180
<= = 60
60.
-30
= -15
2
1 0 - 4 0
6.
i)
ii)
2
( 5 x + 1 ) + 11
= 3 - 2
<=> 5 + 1 2 = 6 - 4
<=>
- = -
16
<=>
= 16
7. y :
f
x - y = 10
x - y = 10
x+y
L
x + y = 50
- = 25
= 30 y = 20.
8.
i) , = 7, = 9 - 7 = 2 = 40,
40
S = - y - [2 - 7 + (40 1) - 2] = 20 - 92 = 1840
ii) , = 0, = 2 = 40,
S = -4~ [2 0 + (40 - 1) 2] = 20 78 = 1560
iii) , = 6 , = 4 = 40,
40
[2 6 + ( 4 0 - 1) 4 ] = 2 0 1 6 8 = 3 3 6 0
iv) , = - 7 , = 5 = 40,
40
[2 - ( 7 ) + ( 4 0 1) - 5] = 2 0 181 = 3 6 2 0
9. i) , = 2, = - 3 = 80,
80
S = y - [ 2 - 2 + ( 8 0 1 ) ( 3)J = 4 0 - ( - 2 3 3 ) = - 9 3 2 0
107
ii) , = - y , = = 80,
S = - y - [2 ( - y ) + ( 8 0 - 1) y ] = 4 0 5 2 = 2 0 8 0
10. .
i) , = 1, =197 = 4.
= , + ( - 1), 197= 1 + ( - 1 ) 4 = 50.
, S = y ( , + ) =
(1 + 1 9 7 ) = 4 9 5 0
ii) , = 9, = 3 = 90. = , + ( - 1) 90 = 9 + ( - 1) 3 = 28.
28
s 2g = y-(9 + 90) = 14 99 =
1386
iii) , = - 7 , = - 3 = - 1 0 9 .
= , + ( - 1) - 109= - 7 + ( - 1)( 3) = 35.
S 3 5 = - y - ( 7 109) = - y ( 116)= 2030

11. i) , =4, = 4 Sv = 180.
S v = y [2, + ( - 1)|,
180= y [24 + ( - 1 ) 4 ]
180 = y (4 + 4)
4 2 + 4 = 360
<= 2 + - 9 0 = 0
<=> =
10
veIN*, = 9. 9 .
ii) , = 5, = 5 S v = 180.
= 8.
12. , = 53, = - 2 = 15.
,5 = 53 + ( 1 5 - 1 ) ( - 2 ) = 5 3 - 28 = 25
S,5 = -y(25 + 53) = - y - 78 = 585

108
'
1. + - = 1 2 - 4 ( + 1 ) - 12 + 4
= 12 4 4 12 + 4 = - 4 .
+ 1 = 4
- 4 , = 12 - 4 1 = 8.
2. 2 , 2 , 2
2 , 2
2=

2 2 = 2 + 2
+ '
+ '
+
1
2
+ 2+
2( + )( + )
2( + + 2 + ) = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2
2 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2
2 2 = 2 + 2 .
3. (1, 2) :
1 :
, ( - 1) + , 2 = , <=> 2, = , + , .
2 :
2 ' ( ~ 1) + " 2 = 2 <=> 22 = 2 + 2 .

4.
i) 1, 3, 5, 7, ...
, = 1 = 2.
200 = 1 + (200 - 1) 2 = 399,
200
$200
( 1 + 3 9 9 ) = 1 0 0 - 4 0 0 = 40000
ii) 2, 4, 6, 8,... , = 2 = 2.
300 = 2 + ( 3 0 0 - 1 ) 2 = 600,
300
$300 ~
(2 + 600) = 150.602 = 90300
109
iii) To 17 + 19 + ... + 379

, ,
, = 17, = 2 = 379.
= , + ( - 1), 379 = 17 + ( - 1)2 = 182
182
Si82= ( 1 7 + 379) = 91 396 = 36036

2
5. i) 5 + 1 0 + 1 5 + ... +195 , = 5, = 5
= 195.
= , + ( - 1 )
195 = 5 + ( 1) - 5 = 39.
39
S39 = -(5 + 195) = 39 100 = 3900
2
ii) 12+15 + ... + 198
, = 12, = 3
= 198.
= , + ( - 1) 198 = 12 + ( - 1) 3 = 63.
S63 = - y - ( 1 2 + 1 9 8 ) = - y - 210 = 63 105=6615

6. i) + 1 - = 5(+ 1) 4 5 + 4 = 5 + , = + 5.
, = 5 1 - 4 = 1 ,
= 5 30 = 5 - 3 0 - 4 = 146,
30
S30 = - y - ( l + 146)=15 147 = 2205
ii) + , - = - 5 ( + 1) 3 + 5 + 3 + , = - 5 .
, = 5 1 3 = 8, = - 5 40 = - 5 4 0 - 3 = - 2 0 3 ,
S40 = - ~ ~ ( - 8 - 203) = 20 ( - 2 0 1 ) = - 4 2 2 0
7. 1 + 2 + 3 + ... +200 4 + 8 + 1 2 + . . . + 200 4
9 + 18 + 27 + ... + 198 9.
4 9 36 , , . 36
.
110
S = (l + 2 + 3 + . . . + 200)
(4 + 8 + 1 2 + ... + 2 0 0 ) - ( 9 + 18 + 27 + . . . + 198) +
+ (36+ 7 2 + . . . + 180)
:
200
1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 200= - y - ( 1 + 2 0 0 ) =100 -201 =20100
4 + 8 + 12 + . . . + 200 = - y - < 4 + 200) = 25 204 = 5100
9 + 1 8 + ... + 198 = - y - ( 9 + 1 9 8 ) = l l -207 = 2277
36 + 7 2 + . . . + 180 = y ( 3 6 + 1 8 0 ) = y -216 = 5 108 = 540
S = 20100-5100 - 2 2 7 7 + 540 = 13263
8. To
S v = y [2, + ( - 1 ) ]
S v = y [2 1 + ( - 1) 2].
Sv > 400 = | [21 + (-1)2] > 400

<= 2 > 4 0 0
>20.
9. i)
Sv = a , + 2 + 3 + . . . + _! + ,
Sv_, = ,+-,+,+...+a^,
>2
Sv-Sv_, =
= ( 4 2 - 3 ) - [ 4 ( - I) 2 3( 1)]
= 4 2 - 3 - ( 4 2 - 11 + 7)
= 8-7,
2
, = S, = 41 2 -31 = 1.
= 8 - 7 ,
+ 1 - = 8 ( + 1 ) - 7 - 8 + 7 = 8 + 8 - 7 - 8 + 7 = 8
,, = +8
=8 ,=1.
ii) a v = S v - S v _ ,
=
.2__[1
1
~ 2
2 _
5
4
_)2_
/ 1 2
_ ( _
. _
_)]
5 \
_ )
+ l
- a
1 ,
v
+ 1 = +
,,
( v + l ) -
1
t
v +
5
t
1
t
v +
1 5
y
1
t
5
+
1
1
5
3
*

= , = ,1 - = - .
10. 1 :
= , + ( - 1) = 120+ ( 1 2 - 1 ) ( - 10)= 120- 110 = 10
S v = y ( a , + a v ) = - y - ( 1 2 0 + 1 0 ) = 6 130 = 780
2 :
= , + ( - 1) 109 = 5 + (27 - 1) = 4.
S v = y ( a , + a v ) = - y - ( 5 + 1 0 9 ) = - y - 114 = 1539
3 :
S v = y [2, + ( - 1)] 210 = - y - [ 2 a , + 11 3] , = 1.
= , + ( - 1 ) = 1 + 11 -3 = 34
4 :
= , + ( - 1 ) - 8 = , + 152 , = - 3 8
S v = y ( a , + av) S v = y ( - 3 8 - 8 ) = 8 ( - 4 6 ) = - 3 6 8
11. 12
1 + 2 + 3 + . . . + 12=
12
~ (1 + 12) = 6 13 = 78,
2 78 = 156 .
12. , =800 33 = 4160. ,
= , + ( - 1), 4160 = 800+ ( 3 3 - 1) = 105. :
S33 = ^ ^ 8 0 0 +4160) = - y - 4960 = 33 -2480 = 81840
, 17
17 = 800 + ( 1 7 - 1) 105 = 800+16-105 = 2480
112
13. , ,
:
- 3 , - , + , + 3
- 3 1 2 .
:
'( - 3) + ( - ) + ( + ) + ( + 3) = 32
(1)
- 3)( - )( + )( + 3) = 1680
(2)
(1) = 8 (2) :
(8 - 3)(8 - )(8 + )(8 + 3) = 1680 <=> ( 6 4 - 9 2 ) ( 6 4 - 2 ) = 1680
9 4 - 6 4 0 2 +2416 = 0.
co2 = y ^ 0 9 y 2 - 6 4 0 y +2416 = 0,
640 V409600
640 568
~
18
" 1 8
2 = 4 <=> = 2
604
9
<=> = -
/
\
604
9
2Vl5T
j

2, 6, 10, 14 14, 10, 6, 2
14.
3, ],
^10 ^
2 .
= ! + ( - 1) 80 = 3 + 11 = 7,
10, 17, 24, 31, 38, 45, 52, 59, 66, 73
15.
1+
-1
-2
-3
+...+ =
+ ( - 1) + ( 2) + . . . + 1
'
'
( + 1)
+1
2
16. 1 20 .
2 25 .
3 30 .
, ,
(2, + ( - 1))
Sy
> .
S =^[220 + (-1)5]
113

- | 2 20 + ( - 1)5| 4.700
2 0 + 2 , 5 ( - 1 ) 4.700
8 + ( - 1) < 1880
1 + 7 - 1880 < 0
( - 4 0 + 47) 0
- 47 < 40.
40m .
3.3
) = 3 2
1.
ii) = 3 ' = 2 3 2,
iv)
' = ^ . )
iii) = 9 3
!
,= . 6 (
vi) a v = 1 8 - ( y ) V ' = 2 - 32
= 24-
= 3+1
= 2 ^
, vii) a v = l (0,4)1 ' = 0 , 4 l
viii) a v = ( - 2 ) ( - 2 ) v ' = ( - 2 ) v , ix) a v = ( - 3 ) ( - 3 ) v
= (-3)v
i) a = y 2* = 64, ii) a 7 = 2 3 6 = 1458, iii) a s = 729 ( y ) ' = y .
2.
1 n> 768
3
iv) a,, =768 ( y ) = T 7 ^ 7 = T . v ) a 1 0 = l - < - 2 ) * = - 5 1 2
2 '
1024
4
3 \'
vi) a 8 = ( - 1) ( y ) =
2 '
v
,
3.
..,
"
4a
"
^ 2 7 - ( y )
/3V1.
27
t28
- = a <
'"4"'
/2 = , 2
35
' ^
= 2 ^
.
,
=ct|
/ 3
( )
1
33
3"
.
'
1
a a
' =
,
, 5
96
r- 2 = - ' = 8, = 2
( ,
1
:ii
I 4" = ,
64
O
H
81
114
3s
2'
) 32
_ = 2 . , = 32, =
96 = , 5
ii)
2187
...
1/ 1
1
^~> - , o = tv( t ) =
128 '
'
2 3 '
39366
= , 4
"
/ 2 \J
"()
/ 2 \3
= (
) . a p
2
0
X .
5. i) o,5 = 20 (1,05) 14
ii) ( 125 = , 3
125 = , 9
64
,'
>9
^
6
I/ 11 \\6
( ) '
= ^ 125 = ,
/ i \'3
14 = 11 00 0 - ( y j
, (/ 1 6\6 ,
j
=(), = -
j.
, = 125-23 = 1000
1000
= - j .
-,-"
k
_
'
32V2 = a, - 2 2
12
^
77"" ^ ' = 2 5 =
3 2
=
= / 7 / = ,26
2 1 =
'
, = ~
2' = 2 4 V2 = 16\/2.
= - .
6. 768. 768 = 3 2 _ 1 2 _ 1 = 256
2 - ' = 2 8 , - 1 = 8, = 9.
7. i) = 4 2 ~ \
4 2 ~' >2000, 2 + 1 > 2 0 0 0 . 2 10 =1024 2" = 2048.
+ 1 > 1 0 > 9 .
2000 10 .
ii) = 128 ( y ) U '
128
170
<0,25, 2 - ' > ^ - 2 - ' > 5 1 2
2 8 = 256 2 9 = 512.
- 1 > 9 > 10.
512 11.
8. i) V 5 - 2 0 = V 1 0 0 ~ = 1 0 , ^ ^ ^ V j = V T = l .
ii)
(x+ l) 2 = (x 4)(x- 19)
&
x 2 + 2 x + l = x 2 - 2 3 x + 76
25x = 75 & x = 3.
115
9.
210 1
i) S 1 0 = l =1023
2-1
3-1
,
59048
ii) SI0 = 3 , , == 33 - = 3 - 2 9 5 2 4 = 88572
iii) S 1 0 = 4
( 2)10 1
,
= -4
-2-1
~
'
{
3 '
10.
S8 = 9 - j
...
)
8-l*
65536_
6561
=9
2 16
S7 = 2
'
2 16
j
_
11. ) = ,
- 1 = 6 = 7.
3-58975
58975
6561
~~~243~~
/,
~ 3
'
1 \
, ,,
216'-
_1
8192 = 2 4 _ 4 - 1 = 4096 = 4 6 ,
~ * =2
16383
ii) = ,
4 '
1023
= 4 341 = 1364
-3
-1
= 2 5461 = 10922
1
=4
/ i \-1
1 \ =
1
/ 1 \
()
^ 0 4 8 ~ = ( ) ' 1 = 11 = 12
1 \ 2 ,
()' - 1
. \ 7 I
J_
2
__4
,
1
4096
_ J_
2
4095
_4
4096
_4
2-4095
4096
4095 _ = g
512
iii) = , 256=1 ( - 2 ) _
( 2)8 = ( 2) 1, - 1 = 8 = 9.
8=1.
1
12. , = 3 ,
116
~ 2)9 ~ 1
1
2
3
12
2-1
_* -
-3
1 7 1
~171
2 = 3 2
3 = 3 2 2
4 = 3 2 3 .
13 = 3 2 12 = 12288
13. , = 60 ,
1 2 = 60
2 3 = 6 0 ( - | - ) 2
3 4 = 60
4 5 = 60 ( y ) 4 = - | p = - | ^ - : = 0 , 7 4 m
'
1.
2"'3"
23
3+1
2
+ 1 = ,
2
- y
, = -
2. )
=
( - ) = ( + ) ( - )
<= 2 - = 2 - 2
<=> 2 =
, , .
ii)
(+)2=(+)2
<=
( 2 + 2 + 2 ) = ( 2 + 2 + 2 )
2 + 2 + 2 = 2 + 2 + 2
2-2 = 2-2
(-) = 2(-)
2 = .
117
3. i) ( + + )( - + ) = [( + ) + ] [( + ) - ]
= ( + ) 2 - 2
= 2 + 2 + 2 - 2
= 2 + 2 2 + 2 - 2
( = 2 )
= 2 + 2 + 2
2
2
ii) ( - ) + ( - ) + ( - ) 2 = 2 - 2 + 2 + 2 - 2 + 2 + 2 - 2 + 2
= 2 - 2 2 + 2 + 2 - 2 + 2 + 2 2 2 4- 2
= 2-2 + :
= 2 - 2 + 2
(
= =)
= (-)2
4.
(\^10 + 4) -\/-5
-Vv + 2
<=> VlOv + 4 = V ( v - 5 ) ( v + 2)
<= ( v - 5 ) ( v + 2)= 10v + 4
<=> v 2 - 1 3 v - 1 4 = 0
=
13V225
2
13 15
2
14
= 14 .
5. i) , .
:
,, ,, , 2 , , 3 ,...,, ....
:
af, ; 2 , ; 4 , 2 6 , ..., 2 ,.

2 2 .
) k :
, , , 2 \ 3 \ ..., \\...

" .
6. i) = ,
s
-1
v = ai-^
. 1
, 3 = 4 (1)
.
3-1
' ~'> , = 2 1
. 1
(1) (2)
,( 2 + + 1) = 21
3
,
= 24
,( 2 + + 1) = 21
118
(2)

,, f : | , = - ^ ,( + + 1)
21
73-82-8-8 =0
(3)
Horner (3) :
( - 2)(7 2 + 6 + 4) = 0 = 2
(1)
, 8 = 24 , = 3
3, 6, 12, 24, 48, ...
ii)
, + , = 3 + 3
(1) ,
p = 4 ( 3 + V3)
(2).
(1) (2)
',(+ 1) = 3 + v t
.,( 3 + 2 + + 1 ) = 4(3 + )

3 + 2 - 3 - 3 = 0
2 ( + 1) 3(+ 1) = 0
( + 1)(2 3) = 0
=> = - 1 = \
= -V3.
(1) .
=-1,
a , - 0 = 3 + V3 ()
= \ ,
a,(V3 + l) = 3 + V3 a, = V I
= - / 3 , a , ( l - V 3 ) = 3 + V3
7.
a , = - ( 3 + 2V3)
a ^ + a ^ 5 = 34 <=> ,( 4 + 1) = 34
2
(1)
, + , = 68 <=> , ( +1) = 68
(2)
(1) (2) = 2, (1) , = 1.
8.
2 10
S l 0 = l - =1024 1 = 1023
i) , = 1 = , .
s.-i
"1
-'
- 1
-1
ii) (1 - ) ( 1 + + 2 + ... + ~') = (1 - ) = 1 -

1
119
iii)
y + ... + y v
y
, = ~' = .
y -
* - '
-1
, -2,,
, ,.-1 _ - 1
y +... +y
'
'
_ - 1
y~ x
y-x
(x-yXx v '-t-x v " 2 y+-+y v "')=(x-y) y y _^ =(x-y) x x _y =x v -y v
9. = ,
= 2 4 8...2 = 2' 2 2 2 3 ...2 = 21 + 2+3 + "
= 2 2 _ = 2 ,
= 2 ( + 1)/2
10. , , :
'
'
-- 1 , :
-5- + + = - 1 3
(1)
= - 27
(2)
(2) 3 = - 2 7 = - 3. (1)

I 3 3= 13 3 2 - 1 0 + 3 = 0
<=> = 3 = -
^\^
-1, -3, - 9
120
-9, -3, -1
11. i) = Sv-Sv_ > 2

= ( 2 - 1 ) - ( 2 ~ 1 )=2-2"1=(2-1 >2^'=2"1
a 1 =S,=2'-l=l. -2"1, v e N *
= 2 _ 1 ,
= 2 +1 = 2 .
,=1
=1.
ii) av=Sv-Sv_, 2. = (3 -1)-(3 ~ 1 - 1 )=2 3"1.
a,=S,=31-l=2. =23"', veN*.
= 2 3 ~',
= ^ ^
= 3 + 1 = 3
,=2
=3.
iii) a - S ^ S ^ , , ^2. =3(2 -1)-3(2 -'-1)=32 - 1 , 2
a,=S,=3(2 1 -l)=3. =32"1, veN*.
= 3 2 ~ \
32
=j-i
= 2 +1 = 2
,=3
=2.
12. , 6, :
6 10+ 6 10' + 6 2 + . . . + 6 10 "' = 6(1 + 10+ 2 + . . . + 10 _ 1 )
6
"
10-1
^ "
( 1
~1)
, 8, :
8 10+ 8 101 + 8 2 + . . . + 8 10~" = 8(1 + 1 0 + 2 + . . . + 10 _ 1 )
_88 . I I z i - n o v - n
-
10-1
" 9
2 , 4, :
4 10 + 4 10' + ... + 4 10 2 - | = 4(1 + 1 0 + 1 0 2 + . . . + 10 2 -')
121
-(10-1)]"+-|(10-1)=-(102-1)
y - ( 1 0 v - 1 ) ] 2 + - | - ( 1 0 - 1 ) = ( 1 0 2 2 1 0 + 1 ) + - | - ( 1 0 1)
- ' -
= -|(102*-1)
13. , , + 1 , ( )
2
+1 = + ~|qq" = 1,02

av+i = l . q 2 v
, = 90 1,02 , , = 1,02
1< , = 90 1,02 = 1,02,
= 90 1,02 1,02 _ 1 = 90 1,02
10
= 90 1,0210 = 90 1,22 109800000
14. ,
,
+ 1
>, = , - ^ , = 0 . 9 ,

1, - 0 , 9
, = 0 0,9 + , =0,9 0 - 0,9 = 0,9, = 0 0,9 0 , 9 _

,= e , r
= 10 ,0 = 0 - 0,9 10 = 0,35 0
15. ) 11 C' C" , = 261 = 522.
122
,3 = , 12 522 = 261 12 = \^2

ii) 5 5 = , 5 = 261 V2 5 .
16. i) Dv ,
, , , + 1 :
,+ D v - _
40
4 = Dv 0,1 Dv = (1 -0,1)D V = 0,9DV
D V + ,=0,9D V D, = 36 1 . Dv D, = 36
= 0,9, DV = 36-0,9 V 1
ii) D, = 36 0 , 9 6 = 19,13, 4 0 - 1 9 , 1 3 = 20,87?.
17. + 1 = 2 .
1 , = 1.
, = 1 = 2,
= 1 2~1 = 2 _

S M =1
6 4 1
=2-I
2-1

=
20000
1,844710
4
=0,9223105=9,2231014
210
= 9,22310" .
18.
i) r = r,,

+ 1
r.. + r v + |
1
30'
= 2 rv + 1 =3r v
ii)
, = 1 3.
r 8 = 1 37 = 3 7
123
'
1. :
5000 =
0,05 (1,05) 30
5000(4,32194-1)
=
= 76896,75
(1,05) - 1
0,05 (1,05)
2. :
^
(1,05) 20 - 1
1735,95
= 1000-1,05
=
= 34719,09
0,05
0,05
= 100000 - 1,15 -
-11781012 .
3
3.
1
= -Jqq- = 1 % .

= 1,01
= 2 2 = 1,01 1,01 = 2
= 70
4.
:
,30 - 1
2,65329-1
= 730-1,05
= 730 1,05
0,05
0,05
1,65329 1.267,24
!
= 730 1,05
=
* 25.345
0,05
0,05
5. :
6.
= 5,35 (1,018)'" = 6 , 4
:
=
10.000 0,01 1,01"
10.000 0,01 1,12682
1,01"-1
888,52
0,12682
3.5
1.
i)S=-=4,
2
- t
iv) S =
ii) S =
=40,5
1
1 _
= 7 , 5 , v) S =
' - t
iii) S = = K r - = 3
t
= 3 2 , vi) S = = 6 , 7 5
1
125
vii) S =
1 = ~~ ~~5,33, viii) S= = ~ ~
3
3
1+
1
2
5
=
2. i) S =
V2

,,) s =
,
3.
_ 8 _
8(2_w2) _
2-\ll
8(2 + v 2 )
(2-V2)(2 + V2)
v5 + 1
v 5 +1
7
=
p - = - l
1 - ( V 5 +1)
V5
26
\
'
100
iii) 0,16
100 :
100'
1
0,1666...
6
+
"
= 4 ( 2 + /2-)
4-2
1 \
/,
v5 \
l + - 7 = - = - 1+ )
V5
5
a
_i
. , 1 4 . 4 . 4 .
10
10
,) 0 , 4 = - + - 2 + - , + ... = 9
10
26
100
1
100
6
4
"",
10
26
100
99
100
6
26
99
+ J()()0 + 1 ( ) 0 ( ) + . . .
00
6
loo = J_ + A = 1
10 ' _ J_
10 90
6
10
5
14
14
iv) 0u p514
+ 1 ( ) 0 0 -4+r i 0 0 0 ( ) 0
+...
iv>
i * =0
u p5141414
i t i t i t . . . =
1 ( ) -1<r
14
5
1000
5 , 14
509
_j

-f* "
10
L
10
990
990
100
J()
J()0
4.
x- 2
-
..

|x| > 1, - - < 1
s=
126
- 2
- 2
!_
- 2
- 1
.
1
=
11,67
'
1. ,, ,, , 2 . , 3 , ... ,
:
], 2 \ ? \ 2 6 ,...
2 2 .
|| < 1 | | 2 < 1
(1)
(2)
,,
= 4,5
(2)
=40,5
=40,5
(1) =4,5,
=9
1-
,
= 4,5
^ 1 +
= - y ,
/
1 \
, = 9 - ^1 - ] = 9 , = 6
2.
) = (
* ) .
1||1 < 1 <=> 1 2 <1

I +x I
<=* ( - ) 2 < ( + ) 2
<= 2 - 2 + 2 < 2 + 2 + 2
<= - 4 < 0 => 4 > 0
<=> > 0
> 0 || < 1,
g_
+
.
-
" ~ \2
+ '
+
-
( + ) 2 - ( - ) 2
( + ) 2
+.
_ -
4
( + )"
( + ) 3
4(-)
ii) = j +1
127
|| < 1 <=> |
2*+1
| < 1.
x +1
<=> x 2 + 1 > 1
<=> 2 > 0
<=> * 0
^ || < 1,
s =
1
_
2 +1
1 =
+1 - 1
5
2 +1
2 +1
= 1 + j
2 +1
3. i) .
Pv+i=yPv
ii)
r. = -,
,
3
q 2
3
, = -^ .
:
:
3
6
1-i-i2
2
:
a2V3
4
j _ _ L
4
4.
a2V3
4
~
a2V3
i) 45
.
+ 2 + 1
128
w 4 5
' -
\/
=
f, = -
,.
av2
ay/2
/ v 2 \ 1
/ v 2 \
t 2 ~ ( )
- ( )
-/2
ii) || = |
| < 1,
av2
s
av 2
,
V2
aV2
aV2(2 + V2)
2-V2
(2-V2)(2 + V2)
2-V2
, /-
,,
pr a("v2+l)
iii) ff,

2 a V 2 ^2= 2
\ 2 ) ~2~
, ,
, 7 / V2 \2
= (^ J = ,
. "2
2
2
5. i) d v , , 100 , d v + , = d v .
100
(dv) VEN ( . ;
dQ = 1 =
.
, '
.
ii)
S
. : s = - i - = !
= ! - 1 0 0 = 1
1-
i_J_
99
99
100
100
' ,
, ,
I
( = 151,5 m), ,
.

) = , + ( - 1 ) , = , + ( - 1) = , + ( - 1 ) ,
( - ). + ( - ) + ( - )
= ( - )[, + ( - 1 )] + ( - )|, + ( - 1)| + ( - )|, + ( - 1 )|
= |( - ) + ( - ) + ( - )], + |( - )( - 1)+( - )( - 1) +
+ ( )( 1)]
= 0 , + 0 = 0.
ii) = , ~', = , ' = , " ',
~ .
~ \. "
= (, ~ ' ) " (, ~') " (, " ' 1 ) " - "

= f ~ P . . ^ < ,1 ) <~"(~> ' 1 > <
= , - + + < "'~>+<_>(~) + '~ '><~)
>
= = 1
2.
I)
S3V = 3(S
2 V
SV)
<= - ^ - 1 + 3) = 3 [ - - < + 2 ) - ) + ]
3v
3
<=> - y - i a , + 3) = [ 2 ( , + 2) - (, + )]
, + 3 = 2, + 22 - , -
3 = 2 2 -
<=> , + (3 1) = 2|, + (2 - 1)] - [, + ( - 1)]
, + ( 3 - 1) = 2, - , + |2(2 - 1) - ( - 1)]
<=* , + ( 3 - 1) = , + ( 3 - 1)
ii)
SV(S
130
3 V
S2V) = (S2V -
- 1
,-1
^ ' - -
'
2-1 1 r
2-1
- -
'
-12
-
I f a i / 3 ,, 2+1. \|= _
n 2
- T ^ r l ^ (
"
>J l j ^ T ( 1 + !)
1 ^ ( - ) (
- ^ = - ^ - -
( - 1) - 2 ( - 1) = [ ( - 1)J2
<=> ( - I) 2 2 = 2 ( - I) 2
3.
3-4
- 3 + 4
3-4-3-4
3 + 4
~
_ 3 + 4
2 4
J
,, 1
- 2 4
3 + 4 '
_ 1 u 3^
+ 1
2 ' 4 '
1
- +
, 1
- [ ( )
1
+
2-1
+
. .
' ] - )
1
-1
! + ,
] - - )
, + 1
) ' - * ( ) ' - .
2 W 4 ' ' 4 '

= - + 3
' - '
21
- 1 [ - 3 ( | )
\,
2 I(
= -L[
v +
,|
, , / 3 \ 1
3 / 3 \
3 , - 3 ( i ) H ( i - )
'
V 4 / J
2 4 '
+3
2
4. x, y,
2y = x + a> (1)
, , y
co2 = xy
(2)
x+,y + co= 147
(3)

2y = +
(1)
. 2 = x y
(2)
x + y + co = 147 (3)
131
co = 2 y - x (3)
x + y + 2y-x=147
<=> 3 y = 1 4 7 y = 49
y (1) (2)
' x + = 98
(4)
2 = 49
(5)
(4) x = 98 - (5)
2 = 49(98-)
=> 2 + 4 9 - 4 8 0 2 = 0
49 147 = <
<=> =
4 9
98
= 49 = 98 - 49 = 49 = - 98 = 196
(, y, ) = (49, 49, 49)
(, y, ) = (196, 49, - 9 8 )
5. i) , , ,
1
J_
" ' '

, ,
2 . - U J - + -L
ii) =
2
+
G ^ x / =
,
+
G2 = =
+
2
A, G. .
a ^ g
+ .
<= - ^
2 + 2 + 2
^
4
2 + 2 + 2 ^ 4
2-2 + 2^0
132
<=> ( - ) 2 ^ 0
2
+
4 2 2
<= ^ j

+ +2
G ^ <=> V ^
1 ^
22
, .2
2
+ + 2
2 + 2 + 2 ^ 4
<=> ( - ) 2 > 0
6. , 1 ,
- _ , + ( - 1 ) - [, + ( - 1)]
- ~ , + ( - 1 ) - [ , + ( - 1))
, + ( - 1 ) - , - ( - 1)
, + ( - 1) - , - ( - 1)
( - 1 - + 1)
( - 1 - + 1)
-
-
, , ,
7.
^
[
eQ
,
- , = _,
2 =...
= 3 - 2 = 2 - , =
i) , + ,
- = (
) , ..., - =
+
'
, 2
23
, j . [ ( _ l _ - l7 )
l\ ,
= (
_ 1
" ~
34
( x _
+ ...+
) +
3'
. . .
,
+(
_ l
_,
)1
' j
- )
'
,
133
1
,+(-1)-,
,
- 1
,,
ii) ,,
Va"K.,-VotK
\ ' , + \
, -
VaK.|-VaK
-
Va, + Va2
Va 2 + Va 3
-f~ . . . "f"
Vav , + Vav
= - [(Va,- Va2) + (Va2 - V a , ) + + (Vav. ,-Va v )]
1 . /
(V ,-^.)
11
'
, - ,
- ( V a , + Vav)
- ( - 1 )
- 1
(Va, + Vav)
Va, + Vav
8. ,,
2 , **3
3 , ... ,
"2>
2 - , =2
3-2 = 3

= V
Kat :
= , + (2 + 3 + 4 + ... + )
- 2 +
.
= 24
4 - 3 = 4
2 + - 2
-
9. , , ,..., 2 , :

360
+ 7lr2
360
+ 7ir2
"360"
'
'
+ 2 +
'
+ ,2 = 3 6 0
= - - ( , + 2) = 360
6(, + 2,) = 360

<=> 6 3, = 360
<=> , = 20
10. (+-), (+-), (+-) :

( + - ) - ( + - ) = ( + - ) - ( + - )
+ - - - +
<=> 2
--
= 2
+-++-
+---+
+-++-
( - ) = ( - )
<=> ( - ) = ( - )
*=> - = -
=> + = 2
_ 2
<=> + = 2, , ,
.
11.
S = (x2+ p
+2) + (4+
+ 2 ) + ... + ( 2 "+
+2)
= ( 2 + 4 + ... + x' v ) + ( p - + - J - + + - ^ - ) + 2
(2)-1
-1
+ - 5
+ 2
, 22
= ^ 7 - + - h2
'
1
' _]
+2
135
2- 1
-1
2( 1 2 )
/1
2 (1
2 \ )
( 2 + 2 + 1)( 2 - 1)
21
( - 1)
+ 2
12. ,
2/
/ 3
-.
\ 3
- -
(i#)V3
4
( ^ ) V i
xV3
: =
4
4
,
/3
,
3
- = .
| | < 1
a2v3
=a2V3
S=
1
()2.

() 2 = () () = 2
- a = a S / 3 . (EB)2 = S
13. , ,
4 1
v - -
1 5
(1)
2,
(1) (2).
136
4-1
-1 '
2 4
2
(
. ) - 1
2-1
, 2 (
225
85
( 4 - 1) 2 ( 2 - 1)
( - 1) 2 [( 2 ) 4 - 1]
4 1)(+ 1)
(-1)(4+1)
=>
4-
45
17
45
17
2 3 4 - 2 2 4 - 2 4 - 1
4+1
45
17
144 17' 1 7 2 - 17 14 = 0
2 (
^ ) :
<=> 142 17 17
17
14
+--=0
1 4 ( 2 + ^ ) - 1 7 ( + - i - ) - 17 = 0
1
,
+
= q ,
* 22+. ^ 1 = q 2 - 2
,
14(q 2) 17q 17 = 0
<=> 14q2 17q 45 = 0
q, = y
=-y
1
q 4- = q :
1
= y
(3) +
= -
(4)
(3) , = 2 2 = , (4) .
(1)
= 2 , = 1
= 2 = 8

1, 2, 4, 8, 16, ...
8, 4, 2, 1, ,...
137
14. a w l = -
1UU
+ , = , 9
= .
j | < 1,
10
,. 1
10
138
10
100 cm
4
4.1
i) * f(x) = 3\
4.1
f(x) = 2 .
',() = -L = 3~= f()
3

y=
f,() = 3"
f(x) =3"
y' y. (. ).
ii)
f2(x) = 3+2
f(x) = 3 2 (. ).
f3(x) = 3*-3
f(x) = 3 3 (. ).
iii)
f4(x) = 3'2 -
,+2
f(x) = 3* 2 (. ).

f5(x) = 3+2 f(x) = 3 2 (. ).
139
iv)
t6(x) = 32+1
f(x) = 3 \
2
1 (. ).
g(x) = e \
g,(x) = e" 2 g(x) = e s .
g 2 (x) = e g(x) = e"

y ' y.
g 3 (x)= eA+2
g 2 (x) = e '
).
2.
:
)
10
140
2 =64 <=> 2'=2"<=> = 6
( ' " *
1111
i>
( ^ ) ~=-2
3 "=
81
( } ) = (-!)
-2
=4
" (
<=> =
Vi)
27 4 = 9+ <=>(33)4 = (32)+ <=> 3 2 =3 2+2

<=> 12=2+2 <=> = 1
5
32 = 16'"
(2s) =(2 4 )" <=> 2 5 =2 4

<=>5=4-4 <=> = 4
9
viii)
3. i)
32_"2= 1 <=> 2 - - 2 = 0<=> = 2 = - 1
222-42=0
2x=y 2y 2 -4y= 0 0 2.
:
2 = 0
=2
2 = 0 , 2" = 2 - 2'
= 1 .
ii)
222-52+2 = 0.
2x=y 2y 2 -5y+2= 0 -
^ 2.
2 = - 2 =2, 2=2~' 2 =2' - 1 , 1 .
iii) 3" = y 3y 2 -26y-9=0
y=~-
y=9, -
:
3 X =-J- 3 =9.
3
141
3 =-^- , 3" = 9 <=> 3 = 32 x = 2

.
4.
i) 52~5+<'< 1 <=^52_5+4<5
<=>2-5+6<0
( 5>1)
2<<3
ii) : 7<724 <=>x+l<2x-4
( 7>1)
>5
iii) ( i j < | j |
ox+l>2x-4
( 1<1)
<=> <5
5.
i) :
82"1 = 3244 <=> (23)2"' = 25 (22)4y 1 <=> 2'"' = 28"3
<=> 6x+3 = 8y+3 <=> 3 = 4
5-5xy = 52^' <=> 5xy+1 = 52^' <=> x-y+1 = 2y+l
<=> = 3y

|x=3y
jx=3y
|3x = 4y
|=0
|9y = 4y
\y = 0
ii) 3" = 2 =, :
| + = 11 ^
|2=18 ^
| = 9
\(= 7
(2=4
| = 2

|3 =9
(3=32 < J x =2
M2y=2'
(2' = 2
| y = 1
6. i) :
ie x :e y =1
x
[e e
= e
j e x _ y = e
2
je
x+y
= e
jx-y=0
^
[x + y =2 ^
f x =1
[y =0
ii) 2 X = z 2 y = w , :
142
j z w =8
( 6 - ) =8
[2-6+8=0
I + w 6
IW = 6 -
I w =6-
f -2 = 4
= 2 , f =4
<=> <
<=> ^
^
w =6-
w =4
w =2
:
:=2
2" = 2
W -4

=4
W =2
)
:
II
4-
2=4
=1
[y
12 = 2 '
\y
=2
=2
=1
7. w" - 101w + 100 = 0 1 100.

w1 - 1 0 h v + 1 0 0 < 0

1 < < 100
(1)
10 * - 1 0 1 10* +101 < 0 ,
10* = w,
w - 1 0 1 +100 < 0 .
(1) 1 < w < 100,

1 < 10* < 100
10" < 10* < 102
0 < jc < 2
143
1.
* :
2
~ > 0 <=> (2-)(2-1)>0

2-1
<=> (-2)(2-1)<0
<=> J - < a < 2
2
i) f :
-
2-i
>
2-1
2--2+1
>Q
2-1
V 3 t l
>0
2-1
=> 3(1-)(2-)>0
<=> (-1)(2-1)<0
<=> 1 < < 1
2
ii) f :
()<
2 _
< i
2-1
:
0<
2 _
"
2-1
<=> 1 < 1 < 2
(1)
(i) :
< 1 <=> < 1 > 1
2-1
(2)
(1) (2) 1<<2. ' f

.
144
i) :
5 / + 1=0 - 45.^2^* + 1 = 0
4
V 42
4
4
4 - 5-2 + 4 = 0
2 2 - 52+ 4 = 0
2 = y y 2 -5y+4 = 0 y = 1
y = 4, 2 = 1 2 = 4.
x = 0 x = 2.
ii) :
3+ 1 3= 4 5 + 1 <=> 3=-5. + 1
3
9-3 3
3
3 3
4 ^ = 1 2
3"
2
<=> 3 = 12
3
<=> 3 2 = -
4
2
<=> 3 =3
<=} = 1
iii) :
21 3+ 5 +3 = 3 + +5 +2 21 3 - 34-3 =525 - 535
<=> -603 =-1005
(3f=iOO=5
V51 60 3
)
<=> = - 1
iv) :
9 +9 =14 +4 4 <=>29 =21 4
<=>|| =21
145
<=>
Gf-g
2=3
<=> = 3
2
) :
4 - - 1 = 3 3' 2 - 21 <=> 4
3^2
2
= v3-3 x - ^
v3
2
4 + . = \ 3 3 + 3
2
v3
4-2
33
2
\3
'3
vv3 '
<=> 2 - 3
< > = 3.
2
3.
) 3- = 2* = :
-=1
|=1+

- - - =11
11 + + = 11
\
2 -10+16 = 0 =2
=8, = 2, = 1+2 = 3 = 8, = 1+8 - 9.
:
,.|3> =3
(,)
[2=2
_
(2)
13 y =9
(2=8
(x = 1, y = 1) ( = 3, y = 2) .
ii) :
|2"-5 y =250
15x-2y=40
1 ^
2 ^ :
4()
/2x+y-5x+y= 10CXX)
\5 x -2 y =40
1*1 :
1( = 1 0 ' o x + y = 4<=>y = 4 - x
2T' :
5X 24"x = 40
=I
<=> = 1
y = 4-1 = 3 (x = 1, y = 3).
4.
i) IR,
y1
| f(-x)=3'~ x '=3 lxl =f(x)j
:
f(x) =
3"
|3, >0
(3~\ < 0

y ' y [0, + ),
3"
( 3>1)
:
0
0,5
1,5
3" 1
1,73
5,2
V
S
(.
I
I)
. ii

f(x) = 3'"'.
ii) :
f(x)= ( 2 0
\ 3 \ < 0
'
f
(ii). f(x) = e"" (iii).
. iii
147
:
f 2 (x)-g 2 (x)=J-|a"+a j - | -
= l ( a 2 x + 2 a x a x+ a
2x
- a Z x +2a x a - 2 )
- j (2+2) = 1
4
6.
i) |5
5 2fi_=50,2, :
Q, = 5-5-0,2 = 5( 1-0,2) = 5 0,8
:
21? Q, = Q,O.8 = 5 (0.8) 2
3*15 Q, = Q 2 0.8 = 5 (0,8)*
t Q, = 5 (0,8)'
Q(t) = 5 - (0,8)
ii) 0,8<1
.
(t>0).
t
0 1 2
3 4 5 6 7
Q(t) 5 4 3,2 2,56 2 1,6 1,3 I

.
iii) Q(40) = 5 ),8)"'~ (),()132
40

0,0000132 .
7.
i) Q
:
Q(t) = Qea
Q(t) = 5-e"
( Q= 5 .)
(1)
t=1600 , (1)
:
Q(I600) = 5 e c
16(10
5, 5_ e c 1600
2
^ 1600c =
2
c l600
(e )
=l
2
(1) :
/ Q(t) = 5(e L )' = 5-(J-)IW0 = 5(0,5) 1600
600
ii) Q(600) = 5(0,5),600 = 5 (0,5)* ^ 3 , 8 6 .

20000
iii) Q(2(X)00) = 5 (0,5)"|6(|0 = 5 ( 0 , 5 ) ' " ^ , .

.
8.
i)
1 Tt = 4 0 - 4 0 - 0 , 1 5 = 40 0,85
2 = 0,85 = 40 (0,85) ;
3
t
0,85 = 40 (0,85)2
= 40(0,85)', t < 6
, = 40(0,85)', t < 6
ii) 6
(6) = 40 (0,85)6 15,085 , 15.085 .
9.
i) e"05* = -j = L _ = _ L
e
(ex)
Vex

x=0 e"05' = e= 1
x= 1 e -i i = J ~ 0 , 6 0 6
x=2 e~5 2 = e~' = 1 ~ 0 , 3 6 8
e
x=3 e"05 3 = L - = _ L ~ 0 , 2 2 3
Ve3 eVe
x=4 e" 05 ' 4 = e"2 = J - ~ 0 , 1 3 5
e2
14')
= 5 e
Ves
e2Ve
~ , 8 2
ii) () = Io-e"0-,\
=eJ)5x
() = 1 <=> e
05
= 1 <=> 0,5=() <=> = 0
=0,1 e ,=0.1
()
'
() e- 0 " 0,082 =5.

5 ( e-"5" ).
iii)
0 1
3
4
5
X
2
I(x) - e - 5 *
1 0.605 0,368 0,223 0,135 0,082
I,
y = e"5*. '

5
= 5
.
10. ) e
2t
= - L
e2t
1 = 0 e"2 = 1
1 = 1 e~ 2 ' = - l ~ 0 , 1 3 5
1=2
22
= J-^0,018
e4
-2 1
1 = 3 e - ' ~ 0 , 0 0 2
ii) T(t)=T 0 (l+e 2l) - S ^ = 1+e 2t . :
To
a)
T(t) = 1,1
To
ISO
1+e 21 = 1,1 <=> e 21 = 0,1
(i) e 2i 0,1
0,135, t = 1.
t 1 ( f(t) = e 2'
).
= 2 <=> 1+e"2' = 2
21
= 1
2t = 0
<=> t = 0
11.
q
- L- <0. q(t) RC
t ' t.
t ' t RC ,
:
t 0
q q0
RC
2RC
3RC
O,37q0 0,14q 0,05q o
qi
qo
,
ii)
:
) q 0
2
q(t) = q<je ' R c
t = k R C
k = 1,2, 3...
) - L q()
10
t = kRC
= 3,4,...
RC
2RC
3RC
151
4.2

I.
i) logmO,OOI = , :
iog, 0 o.ooi = x <=> io s = .() <=> = 3<=> = - 3.
log lo 0,001 = - 3 .
ii) log, V I0 = , :
10
log, / l O = <=>( ) =V10 <=> 10~ = ltf <=>-x =

)
110/
<=>=- 1
log VlO = - 1
iii
iii) log, 32 = , :
log, 32= <=>1^1 = 32 <=> 2
= 2 s <=>-x = 5 <=> = - 5
logi 32 = - 5
2
iv) log., ^2^-= , :
log,V27 = , < = > 9 = ^ <=> 9 = V3 <^3 2 = 32<=>2=' <=>x=J

3
3
2
4
l o g , ^ 7 = 1
3
4
) log-, 16= , :
log^ 16= <=> (V2)"= 1 6 2^= 24 <=>^-=4 <=> = 8
l o g ^ 16 = 8
vi) log J -8- = :

2 V 27
,8
?^ ** "{'n ~&
l o g , y ^
IS2
=- 3
2.
i)
ii)
loglux = 3 <=> 10' = = 1000

log 4 x=-i<=> 4"i = x <=> x=-L:<=> x = i
2
iii)
3.
V4
log^x= ~ <=> (V2 ) J = x x=(22)3 <=> x = 25 <=> = 2

II 0<*1. :
i) log,,16= 4 4 = 1 6 = V16 = 2 , > 0 .

3
3 2
ii) log, <8= 3. = 8 <=> () 3 =85 = 8 = (2*)= 4.

2
iii) log0,l= 3 <=> 3 =0,1 <=> 3 = 10 <=> = \ 10
4.
i) log 2 3+21og24-log2l2=log 2 3+log 2 4 -log 2 12

= log 2 3+ log216 - log212
= lg 2 ^ y ^ = log24 = log 2 2 2 =2.
ii)
31ogio2+logi,5 - logi4 = logi,8+log105 - log,,A

= logi + log ]0 10 = 1
4
iii)
J I o g i o 2 5 + l l o g i o 8 - i l o g i o 3 2 = logi0V25 + logiol/s - logioY32
= logi 0 5 + logi,)2 - logi 0 2

= logio
1 0 - logi 0 2 = 1 - logi,)2
iv) log26 - 21og2V3 = log26 - log23 = log,2 = 1

2' = 2.
) 21og2(2 +V2)+ log 2 (6-4/2)= log2(2 +V2) + log 2 (6-4V2)
= log 2 (6+4\ / 2)+log 2 (6-4V?)
= log 2 (6+4\'2)(6-4V2)
= log 2 (36-32)=log 2 4=log 2 2 2 =2
153
5.
t Q(t) = 10Qo. :
Q(t) = 10Q 0 Q 0 -e" M ' = 10Q 0
<=> e'U4' = 10
<=> 0,34t = InlO
0,34t~ 2,3026
< _ > 2,3026 ^ 6 > ? 7
0,34
<i=> t ~ 6 h 46 min
6.
i) h = 3050 = 68900. , (*)

:
689
ak 3050 ^ Ak 3050
~ 1013
689
3050k = In
3050k = 1 n 689 -1 n 1013
1013
,
In689 1 n 1013
,.,
=> k=
~ - 0 ,n0 0 0 1 2 6
3050
ii) (*) k = -0,000126 h= 1000
:
p = 101300 e " 1 " ~ 101300 0,881615 ~ 89308
1000m 89308 Pascals.
7.
i) L= V 100L, (*). :
m = 6-2,5 logV 1() =6-2,5 loglO^5 =6-2,5 ^ = 6-1 =5.
m = 5
ii) (*) m = 1 :
1 = 6-2,5-log L <=> 2,5 log -L- = 5
Lo
L
<=> log i = 2
= 10
i. .(i
L = 1 (X)L
1 100
6 .
8.
i) S(l) = 15 ( ) :
15 = 100 ( I - e k ) <=> 0,15 = 1 - e l
<=> e l = 0,85
=> k = ln0,85= -0,16
S(t) =100(l-e-.<) (1)
ii) ( ) 5 ,
(1), :
S(5)= 100( 1e'0165) = 1 () (1 - e 8)
= 100 (1-0,4493)= 100 0,5507 = 55,07
5 55070 .
1.
ii)
2.
41 2
92
= (2 2 )' 2 1:3823 _ 2 2 - k's23 2k'g24_ ^s23 = 2k>si3
bS, 8_l
'
(3 2 )2
"S,l8^l2
l0gl18
"1
3 k>83l8-2_ j b g j l S - bgi9
^
3
=
^bgj^
^bgi
: ,. 2 , 3 ,... ,
>0 :
\<+! = ,
v e IN
log0v+i = 1(^ ,
v e
logOv+i = l o g 0 v + l c ^
v e IN
: logO log()2, log0 3 ,... = ^.

3.
, = log2, , = log8.
= log8-log2 =log4 = 21og2

, = + (-1))] ^ .
[21og2+(v-l)21og2]v (2vlog2) v
, ~
~
= v l2o g 2 .
2
2
I.
log (log V V " f . . . 110 ] = log^log'îo)

= log|-J^| = log 10 v = - v
l o g | l - l j + l o g | l - l j + ... + iogj 1 1= log +log ^ + l o g ^ + ... + l o g '

1
= log
13.... .-'
2 3 4
= logi = -logv.
6. , :
. loguX
logx2 21ogx
.
log^.-x2 =
= = logx
log,<a
7.
.
,.]
x>0
, :
...
,, .
log loga
) logjMog | ,a= fol c = 1
loga logP
ii) log,^2 log |i a 3 = 2Iog,Ji-31ogfia=6(log,Jilog(iU) = 6
iii) logJVlog^/log.a =
8.
^
' c < 1 = 1
loga ^
log
, :
d
iog,e+iogl/iio=M+1si
loga l o g i
a
M +
loga
'
-loga
_ logO _ logO _
loga
loga
ii) 8,,( 1 .) + 1 ( (|=|1" + 58<"'>.

loga
^
_ ^ ( ) ^ + ^ ( ) loga
loga ^
log(aP) jlogfi+logaj
loga logP
=
log(a^hogoa^
logalogP
!0^&=6,()1&()
loga
log
4.3
'
1.
f(x) =
log2x
I
4
1
2
y -3 -2
-1
1
8
?.
4 8
2 3
(, y)

.
. >0 :
g ( x ) = l o g i x = ^ ^ = - l log 2 x=-f(x)
log2i
g
f x ' .
f(x) = logx

1
4
1
3
1
2
-0,60
-0,48
-0,30
0,30
0,48
0,60
1 5 7
g(x) = f(x) - 1, g

1
1 .
y = logx
, h(x) = f(x-l),
h
f I .
y = log x lg(x- 1 >
3.
0<^1 :
i) f(2) = 4 <=> = 4 <=> -- 2 f(x) = 2
k(x) =
g(2) = 4 log u 2=4 <=> a J = 2 <=> a = v2
a 2 = ' <=> a=
f(x)
4
2
g, .
iii) 1(2) = - 4 '2 = - 4 ()
ii) f(-2) =
4 <=> a 2- 4
g(2) = - 4 log2 = - 4 <=> a 4 =2 a =,

v?
iv)
1 ( 2) -4 <=> a
= - 4 "=
()
g,
.
= 50 logx = log50 = log
= log 1 () log2 = 2-log2 1,7
y = 1-t 10-1.7=18
x = 1()
logx = log 100 = 2. = 1+10 2 = 21
= 200
logx = log( 1 ()2) = logl(X)+log2 = 2+log2 =2.3
y = 1 + 10-2,3 = 24
= 400
y = 1+10 2,6 =
= 8()
logx = log( 1004) = log 100+log4 = 2+21og2 =2,6

27
Aoa y = 1 +10-2,9 = 30
158
logx = log( 100-8) = Iogl00+log8 = 2+31og2 =2.9
= 1600 logx -log( 100 16) = log 100 + log 16

= 2 + 4 log2 = 3,2
y = 1 + 10-3,2 = 33
:
50
18
100
21
200
24
400
27
800
30
1600
33
:
x
= 2,
y
= 3.
5.
i) +1>0 -1>0, >1.

:
log(x+1) + log(x-1) = log2 <=> log|(x+1 )(x-1 )j = log2
<=> log(x-1) = log2
o x 2 - l =2
ox
= 3 x = f3
x= -
V3
x= V3
ii) -1>0 >0, >1. :
log(x-l) + logx = 1log5 log|(x-l)xj = log^Q
log(x 2 -x) = log2
<=> x 2 -x = 2
x 2 -x-2 = 0 = 2 = - 1
= 2
iii) >0. :
logx2 = (logx)2 <=> 21ogx = (logx)2
<=> logx(logx - 2 ) = 0
logx = 0 logx =2
<=> x = 1
x = 100
( ).
159
iv) >0. :
=2
2 +1 =2
2-2+1 = 0
<=> = 1 ()
6.
i)
.V = 2 ' s <=> log5'= log2"

<=> xlog5 = (l-x)log2
<=> xlog5 = log2 - xIog2
<=> x(log5+log2) = log2
<:=> xlog 10 = log2
<=> = l o g 2 ~ 0 , 3 0 1 0 2
ii)
3V1 = 2"' <= log3x 1 = log2Ml

<=> (x-l)log3 = (x+l)log2
<=> xlog3 -xlog2 = log3+log2
<=> (log3 - log2)x = log3+ log2
<=> (logl,5)x = log6
x = -log6
~4,41902
log 1,5
7.
i) 2<5. log,2<log,5. f(x) = log3x .

ii) 5<7. log 03 5>log 03 7, f(x) = logo5x
.
iii) 2+1>2,
+ 1>2 <=> 2 -2+1>0 => (-1) 2 >0, .
Iog(x2+1 )>log2x, f(x) = logx
8.
[ + ]>10 <=> log[H + J>logl& 7

<=> log[H + |>-7
<=> - log|H + ]<7
<=> pH<7
160
<7, >7.

1.
) f(x) = Inlxl *0.

f() = lnl-xl = Inlxl = f(x), ^
f .

y ' y.
g(x) = Inlxl, x>0
y ' y. >0 g(x) =
Inx f
:
y1
\
-e -1
"
ii) f(x) = l | n x 2 *0.

f(x) = ^ Inx2 = lnVx^=Inlxl,
#0,
.
iii) f(x) = llnxl
>0.
f(x)
) - lnx ,<1
\
Inx ,>1
:
iv) f(x) = log( 10x-20) xe (2,-).
f(x) = log(l0(x-2)) =logl0+log(x-2) = l+log(x-2),

g (x) = logx, :
161
f(x) = l+g(x-2)
f

y = +(-2)
y = iorxj!
g(x) = logx
2
1 .
2.
log(x-2)
i) f(x) = ln(x+Vx 2 +I) xe IR,

+ Vx2 + 1 > + fx? = + > 0, > -
xe IR :
' +1 -
f(-x)=ln|-x+V (-x) 2 +l j = ln|/>
| 2 +1 -xj|Vx 2 +l +xj
= In
In
Vx2+1 + x
V x 2 + l +
=-ln|Vx 2 +l +xj=-f(x)
f .
ii) f(x) = l n i = ^ x e ( - l , 1),
1+
i~x > 0<=>(1-)(1+) > 0<=> (-1)(+1) < 0<=> 1 << 1
1+
xe (-1, 1) :
= In 1 ~ ( ~ x ) = lnl^- = - l n ^ - = - f ( x )
l+(-x)
1
1+
f .
3. log 178, logV81(2x + 23) xlog3
21ogVi81 (2+2-3) = log 178+xlog3 log(81 (2+23)) = log( 178 3)
<=> 81 (2+2-3") = 178 3*
<=> 812 = 16-3"
( 2 f = 16
\3/ 81
1
162
er-er
<=> i -
x=4
log,^=loguY log v a <=>
=l2H.
loga logP logy
^
logft _loga
loga
log
<=> (loga)2 = (logP)2

<=>loga=logP loga=-logP
<=> loga=logfi loga=logjL
<=>=
5.
a =_ 1
i) logVx = Vlogx x>0 logx>0,

>1. :
logVx = V logx <=> (logVx)2 = |V logx J2
<=>
[ logVx, Vlogx>0 j
| i l o g x | = logx
<=> J- log x = logx

4
2
<=> log x-41ogx=0

<=> logx(logx-4) = 0
logx=0 logx=4
. x=l
x = 10.000
ii) w = In2 x ,
w 2 - 5 w + 4 = 0 o w =1 w = 4 .
:
w =1, l n 2 x = l < = > l n x = l < = > x = e-1
w = 4 , In 2 x =4<=> In = 2 = e 2 .
1
, e, , e

Q
e
163
6.
:
lo x
iog5
x
= ^logx ^ i0gX'85 = i0g5 <=> iog5 logx = logx log5 .
5'= 1085 = t (1) 52"w = 5+4 |0
:
t2=5+4t <=> t?4t5=0 <=> 1=5 t= - 1
t=5 (1) :
5"* = 5 <=> logx = 1 <=> = 10
t = - 1 (1) :
5'f" = - 1 .
7. i) >0 y>0. ' , y :

log(xy)=41og2
flog x + log y =41og2
[log log y =3(log2) 2
[log log y =3(log2) 2
j log = log 2
log x=31og2
{log y = 3 log 2
[log y= log2
ii) To , y > 0. ' , y :

[xy =8
[log y =21og
[xy =8
[ 3 =8
[xy =8
[log y = log
[y =
[y =
iii) To , y>0. ' x,y :

/y=2x
/y=2x
\21ogy=logx+log2
|logy =log2x
y=2x ^
2
\y =y
ix=
2
(y=i
164
jy=2x
ly 2 =2x
Jy=2x
| y = l , y>0
-2
[y =4
8.
i) >0.
logx2>(logx)2 <=> 21ogx>(logx)2
<=> logx(2-logx)>0
logx(logx-2)<0
<=> 0<logx<2
<=> log 1 <logx<log 100
l<x<100
f(x) = logx

ii) 2 -4>0 3>0, >2.

:
log(x 2 -4)<log3x <=> x 2 -4<3x
<=> 2 - 3 - 4 < 0
<=> -1<<4
2<<4, >2
iii) >0. :
8
> <=> log(xf x )>logl0

<=> logx logx> 1
<=> (logx)2 - 1>0
<=> (logx+1) (logx-l)>0
logx<-l logx>l
9.
0<<0,1 x>10
log 2 3>log 6 9 <=>

log2
> 1^1?.
log6
<=> log31og6 > log21og9

<=> log31og(2-3) > log21og3 2
<=> log3 (log2+log3) > log2-21og3
log2+log3 > 21og2
<=> log3>log2 , .
10.
a ' l ^ W P " <=> log(a'fi") > log(a'f>")

aloga+piogp >pioga+alogP
<=> a(logalog$)-P(loga-logP)>0
=> (-) ( l o g a - ^ ) > 0 (1)
165
f(x) = logx ,
> loga>logP, (1) ,
< loga<logP, (1) .

1.
) x :
3-5=0
2-3+1=-1
(1) /
(2)
| 2 -3+1*0
|3-5
2 -3+1=1
:
(1) <=> x 2 -3x = 0 (-3) = 0
(3)
=0 =3
=1
(2) <=> {I
^
<=> = ^ - , (5-)-3-S-+1 = - 1 1 ^ 0
j
3
\3 /
3
9
|2-3+1*0
2 - 3 + 2 = 0 <=> = 1 = 2
(3) <=> /
3-5
<=> = 1
=1 3-5 = - 2
= 2 3-5 = 1
: 0, 3,
ii)
+3+1
= 2+1+ - = 0 <=> |2+:, - 1 j = 0

<=>=0
+3*=1
^)
(4) :
/x 2 +3x= 0
=1
/=-1
(5)
*0
+3
/= 0 = - 3
*0
166
:
(5) <=> {
'
<=> = - 3
(6)
(6) = - 1 , = - 1 (-1) 2 +3(-1) = - 2

: 0,1, - 3 , - 1
2.
= 1
*1,
l
1(+)
=2
log./-)
log.,(a+P) log v (a-P)

<=> log Y (a-3)+log Y (a+3) = 2
<=> logY(a - ) = 2 [ 0 1 ) 2 _ 2 = 2]
logYy2 = 2, .
3.
= 1
* 1, :
()'8=2 <=> logH(aY)bEa|i=logBY2
16gJ3 1<^()=21(^
]| . (l0gecx-(-l0geY)=21ogHY
log 0 a
<=> logHa log,$+log($ logY=21ogY logHa

- 1
1_+_i
logo0 logp0
1 =
logp0 logY0
logY0 1oga0
log Y 0+log a 0=21og p 0 ^
loga0, log(i0, logY0 .

1
4.
. ,
log(10-logi50 logHa
:
= :
log p 0-log Y 0
-
log,,)1! - loga
l o g ^ _ logHa logH
-J
logHY - logop
l 0 m
.ogjmog.y
167
logbylog(logea)
logealog H Y-log,$)
lgoY logs-
logHa log,,^
lo
&>a
a , loghy
=
a
, ,
. .
_ iogYe _ io g e
log-,
loga0
5.
log5 = l o g ^ = loglOlog2 = l - l o g 2
x'"EI2x,=5 x>0. :
106(2x1 = 5 <=> log(xloe,2,0)= log5
log(2x)-logx = log5
<=> (log2+logx) logx = l-log2
(logx)2+log2 logx- (l-log2) = 0
logx,-'^fl82-2)
= (log2-2)
<=> logx = - 1 logx = l-log2 = log5

<=> x = *
10
x=5
6. l o g ^ + l o g 2 + ^ 2 ^ 20 <=>
+
i
1
.= 0
log2(x) log2(criTvx) log2(x) log2((nrvx)
<=> log2(<juvx)+log20^x)-i-l = 0
<=> log2(<ruvx)+log2^x)+log 2 2 = 0
^2(2) = 0
<=> log2(2x) = 0 <=> 2 = 1

<=>2 = - |a(po0 0 < 2 x < n j
=*
168
( = ( ()=
L
(
[ x+vx>oj
<=> = 1
= -
8.
0<<5.
) :
27+12-28>0 <=> 33+223-2 21>0
2>0
( ()*- >
>
(|) = t (1)
t 3 +t-2>0 <=> (t1) (t 2 +t+2)>0
[ Horner]
[ t 2 +t+2>0]
<=> t - 1 >0
t >1
, (|-) - t , :
6 )
>
>
( ) "
>
( ) ' "
>
>0.
169
1. 2 - 2 3
<=>
1 -2
-
/32
2 = - / <=
1 +2
=-3
1 -2 - 2^ 32 - 1 -2 = -2V3
<=> -232 - 22 = -2/3 <=> 32 +2 =
2^2 + -^ j = V3 <=>^2 + ^ j =
<=> 2 + = 2kn+ 2 + = 2 k n + n - , k e
6
3
6
3
= + = kit +
keZ
12
4
2. i) +
+> =( + ),
= \J2 +2
:
v
+ = <=>( + ) = <=>( + ) = .
, , :
< 1 ||< || <=> 2<2<=> 2 < 2 +2
ii) ()
2 2
(1 +ouvt) 2 +2 > 2 2 <=> 2(1 +)>4 <=> 4 2- >
- >4 4<=>
<=>
-> I
2
<=> - = 1
2
2
t
<=> t = 0
=>\>- = 1
2
t :
2'
<=>
(1 +) + - = 2 <=> 2 = 2 <=> = 1
<=> = 2kn + ,
2
170
k e .
3.
2+
1 - 2
3 = (2 + ) =
+" -
*
1-
| _ 2
^
1 - 2
3-
_ 3 2

'
,
:
J L I J L
*2
J T I J T
1 2
12
| =
12
1 - 3
1 - 3
12
12
3 - 32 - 3 + 1 = 0
12
12
12
3 - 3 2 3 + 1 = 0
:
3 - 3 2 3 + 1 = 0 <=> ( 3 + 1) 3( + 1) = 0
<=> ( + 1)( 2 - + 1 ) - 3( + 1) = 0
<=> ( + 1)( 2 - 4 + 1) = 0
<=> = - 1
= 2 - / 3 = 2 + [
< 1 = 2 - /3.
12
12
4.
= 10 3 + 102 + +
() = 3 + 2 + + .
(10) = (1) = + + +
f(x) = ( x - 1)() + f(l), , =10,
f(10) = ( 1 0 - l ) n ( 1 0 ) + f(l)
= 9 (10) + ( + + + )
, + + + 9, 9
, .
5. i) 1 1, 2 1, 2 ,
1,
() = 2 3 + 2 + - 1, Horner = 1, = - 1
(1) = 3 * 0 , ( - 1 ) = - 3 * 0 , P = y :
171
- 1

( ^-)(2 2 + 2 + 2) = 0 (2 12 + + 1 ) = 0
= .
1 1 , 6 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 ,
1 ,
4~, 4".
3
6
- 1,
2 '
3 '
6 '
() = 6 4 + 29 3 + 27 2 + 9 + 1, Horner
= - 1 ( - 1 ) = - 4 * 0 , = - y
29
-3
26
27
-h
14
-7
-1
() = ( + 4-)(6 3 + 26 2 + 14 + 2)
= (2+ 1)(33 + 13x2 + 7X + 1)
() = 3 + 13 + 7 + 1 P
:
13
-1
-4
-1
12
I
II
.
() = ( + ) ( 3 2 + 12 + 3)
= (3+ 12 + 4 + 1)
172
~ y

(2+ 1)(3+ 1)(2 + 4 + 1) = 0

, = - , 2 = - y , 3 = - 2 - V 3 4 = - 2 + \ / 3 .
ii) V 2 2 - 2 = 0.
.
1 , 2 . , . V2
, .
V l 2 .
6. i) 1
.
1 ^ :
[1+2+3+...+(-2)+(+1)]+1 =
[1+(-1)] + 1 =
2 " ~ ~ > 1 .
?
J!JL2_ + to_,).|,Ji!iL
20 2 + 20
ii) 20
=210.

1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 2 1 0 =
(1 + 2 1 0 ) = 22155
iii) =
2 + 2
2+
^
.
,
.
,
, ,
,

/ 2 + 2
1 *
2 + \
2
'
2: + 2
2
2
173
**11
7. l+x+x2+...+xv =
/
1 \2
(1 + + 2 + . . . + ) 2 = ( - ) - '
( + I) 2 ( ) 2
(-)2
2+2
7> . ")
2 + + 1 +2 + 2 + 1
(-1)2
( - 1 ) ( + 2 ~ 1)
( 1)( 1)
= ( l + x + . . . + x v ~ ' ) ( l + x + x 2 + . . . + xv+l)
8.
S = 1 + 2 2 + 3 2 2 + 4 2 3 + 5 2 4 + ... + 100 2 "
2S = 2 + 2 - 2 2 + 3 - 2 3 + 4 - 2 " + 5 2 5 + . . . + 100 2100,
2S-S= - 1 -2-22-23-24-...-2"+100210
S = - ( 1 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + ... + 2 " ) + 100 2100
S= - 1
2100 1
+ 100 2100
S = - 2 1 0 0 + 1 + 100 2 | 0 0 = 99 2 , 0 0 + 1
9. 1
32+4:,=5:' =2 . 2
, :
3 =5 <=> (3+(4\ =
\5 / 15/
(1)
f(x) = | 3 j g(x) = |4-J
<2, ^
IA\
- >
, :
(, 1)
>2, ( - ) < ( -
~ < , :
< I I + 1 1 - 1 (, 1)
174
2 . = 2,
. , :
(MF <"
f(x) = |2-j+l , g(x) =
. :
<2,
(1)+1>(|)
|2.j*+ > | l j 2 + 1 = 2 1
^ | | < | i j 2 = 25
(1) -
2.
>2, ( ^ ) +
13-J +1 <
1<
| i j +1 = 25, ( ^ |5 j >[5_J = 2 5
(1) -
2.
x = 2.
10.
= 1. f(x)= |2-j +4. , g(x) = 2 ,

.
11.

+3>0
:
>0.
21og(x+3) = log(ax) <=> log(x+3)2 = log(ax)

(x+3) 2 =ax
<=> x2 - (a-6)x+9 = 0 (1)
(1)
= (-6) 2 -36 = 2 -12 = (-12)
:
12
+
+
175
:
<0, (1) ,
, 2 = 9>0 ,+ 2 = - 6 < 0
f(x) = 2 -(-6)+9
f(-3) = (-3) 2 - (-6)(-3)+9 = 3(-6)<0
- 3 x 2 (1). :
,<-3<2<0
<0, (*),
-3<<0. ,, 2
2
<0 .
= 0 log(ax)
0<<12 (1), , .
= 12 (1) , =3,
, (*), >0.
>12 (1) ,
, 2 = 9>0 ,+ 2 = - 6 > 0
>12, (4),
>0. 2 (1) . >12
.

<0 =12.
12
= ~ .
:
:
lgy4 = 2 -
f(x) = logy ,
g(x) = 2- (0, ). :
< 4 , logy x>logy ^ = 1, 2 - < 2 - ~ - = I
logy >2- (1) ->
(0, ).
4
170
> | ,
logy
logy x < l o g y ^
<2-
= 1, 2->2- j = 1
(1)
(5-, )
4
=^-.
13. :
16-2 12>0 <=> 16>212 <=> (||) >2 o ( i ) >2
(1)
:
log3( 162 12) < 2+1<=> log,(16 x -2 12) < log332x+l
<=*> 16-2 12 < 32+
<=> 4 2 -23 4 <332
<=>( iI ) 2 "
(4-)" = t , (2) :
t 2t3< 0 1 < t<3
()
_3
[ 32]
(2)
:
t 2t3= 0
ti=3 t 2 =-l
<, : |4.J =t, (1),

:
:
2<
<3 <=> log2< xlogi<log3 log2< x(log4-log3)< log3

_
14.
log2
. log3
< x<
2,4094<X<3<8188
log4-log3
log4-log3

g
.
y = Inx
lnx< 1, >0,
f(x)<g(x).
,

t k x < l -
:
177
f , g
. :
' 0<<1, f(x)<f(l)
1<0, g(x)>g(l)
1->0, lnx< 1.
e (0, 1 ] 1< 1-
>1, t'(x)>f(l) 1>0, g(x)<g(l) 1 <0,
lnx> 1.
x e ( l , +) 1<1-.
((7( xe (0, I ].
2
0<<1, 1<
1->0, <1-,
>1, 1>0
1< 0, lnx>l-x

xe(0,l ].
ii) (i) xe [ 1, +)
() = (- ) 2 +(- 2 ) 2 +...+(- ) 2 ,
( ) = ( 2 -2+)+( 2 -22+2)+.. .+(x 2 -2x v x+x 2 )
() = 2 -2( +2+ ...+xv)x+(x i+x2+ ...+x?)

:
'() = [VX2-2(Xl+X2+...+Xv)X+(xi+X2+...+X2,)]'
= v(x 2 )'-2(x|x2+...-rxv)(x)'+(xt+x5+...+x 2 .)'
= 2-2(,+2+...+ ).
' ()>() <=> 2-2(,+ 2 +...+ )>0

^>,+2+"+
I7S
() :
-
|+2+.+
-
=
|+2+...+
-, +00
2++*^ = ()
.
16.
__
= ,
:
2 + 2 -2 =
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
j _
= ,
2 2 + 2 2 -2
2 ( 2 + 2 -2)
2[2+2+2(+)] ( ++=)
2 [ 2 + 2 +2(-)]
2[2+2+2-222]
2[2-22+2-22+2]
2 [ 2 (1- 2 )+ 2 (1- 2 )+2]
2(22+22+2)
2(+)2
22(+)
22
2+2-(:
17. = L -' n
2
_ ^ 1 - 2
V (2) 2 -( 2 + 2 - 2 ) 2
2
V 222+222+222-4-4-*"
2
"
,.
,
,
,
,
.
I7Q
++ = :
(+) = (+) = -.
:
(+) = +
2+2-2 . , , ^ - 2
60
c,
<
* -
. .
= Q)
(+) = -
= (2+2~22+2~2) - ^
42
2
2 2
( + - 2 + 2 - 2 ) _ 222+222+222-4-4-4
42
42
2 2
2 2
4
. -2 -2 +2
42
=
_2+2-2 = -
2
18. : <+ <+ <+

- =
= :
r

= ,
= ,
=
<+ <=><+
<+
=(+)<+
<= + <+
*=0<(1-)+(1-)
<+, <+.
()=, ()=, ()=.
:
2 + 2 - 2
= =
',
2
2
2+2-
= =
L
2
2+2-2
=
2
ISO
=,
=,
=.
. 19, ,
++ = 180'
.
20, ++
= 180
, .
19.
20
.

.
181

,
.
, .
7 1129 15/21
1946 ( 1946, 108, ).
,
(copyright), ,
.
2 0 1 0 - : 112.000
. 66/2010
: - : . & ..

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. .

<=> = 2fcrc = kjt + - = kn - - t | x = h +

iii) 3 2x__ V3 = 0 2*. = ^

13. i) S = 100 t e {1,2,..., 12} :

<=> t = 3, 1 < t < 12

<=> 12 < 4 t o + < 16

<=> < 61 + < 24,

<=> - < 6kjt < 23,

<=* - -L < k < Q

ii) 170 50+170 50'=(170 -50) =120

ii) 7020 +70 20=( 70+20) =90 = 1

105=(60+45) =6045 +60 45

195=( 150+45) =15045 +15045

<=> 3 = \ >3 <=> = <=> \ =

<1 0 < x . y . z < ,

III ) (Ufa - !'(((/.=

< " < *

ii) - 2 2 = 0 <=> (I - ) = ()<=> 2 = I

> * 0 - " ) ""( +

2 = 0 <=>2 = <=> 2 = 2k:r . k e

<=>| ( , > + f ) = T " - l f

1764 + 3025 - 4620 0,4695

ii) 2 - 2 = <=> ( 2 ) 2 - (2Rn^iA) 2 = 2 2

= [ 0 < , < 180

[ 0 < , < 180

ii) 0 < < <

<=> ( + ) < ( + |.)

<=} 4 < x < 5 4 < - kn < 5

x = - kn, k e (4, 5).

12 < - 3kn + < 15

11 < -3k < 14

11 < - 3kn < 14

3 = <=>3 = <=> 3 = 2kn+

11. - < <

f < <= 9(1 + t ) 2 < 9 0 + 10t2

<=> 2 = 2k.i+x + 2 = 2^+- - . k e

15. = = 180"-45-30"- = 105-,

<=> 3 = \ 2(|105( -\05)

( 2)= 12 <=> 2 ( - 2 ) 3 + ( 2)2 + ( - 2 ) + 6 = 12

24 5 + 20 3 - 162 - 15 = (6 2 + 5)(4\ 3 ) iv)

-12 -24 -48

-12 -24 -48

10. iii) 32-2-8"

() = ( - 2 ) ( 2 2 + 1). P(x) = ( x - 1)(-2)(2 2 + 1). () ( - 1 )( 2)

( + 1)3 1 <=> + 1 = 1 <=> 2

7(3x + 2)~(1 - x) ? - (3x + 2)(1 - x ) 3 = 0

f(x) = ( x - 2 ) ( 3 x 2 + 3 x + 1). 3x 2 + 3 x + 1 f x ' x

, 2 - V5 < < 0 1 < < 2 + V s .

P(x) = (x+ 1)(3 + 3 2 - 4 - 12)

Q(y) = ( y - 1 )(y 2 4y 14)

6. V = (9 - 2)(5 - 2), (9 - 2)(5 - 2) = 21 :

<=* (3t +2) l00(3t + 2) = 0

<=> 2 ( - 20) + 100( - 20) = 0

<=> r 3 + 1 Or2 318 = 0

f(r) = r 3 + 1 Or2 318.

'f(4,65)= 1,24 < 0

( h 2 + 10h + 25)h = 750

[ f(6,09)= - 101 < 0

iv) xeIR + 3 > 0 ,

= vx v ' ( x - l ) - 2 ( x - l)(x v ~' + x v 2 + . . . + x + 1) + v ( x - 1)

P(x) = (x l)Q(x), Q(\) .

(1) (2) =1 =2.

1. i) = 7 + ( - 1) 3 ii) = 1 1 + ( - 1 ) 2 iii) = 5 + ( - 1)( 3)

50 = , + 49 = -6,2 + 49 0,3 = 8,5