1

,
.
.
,

.

.. .

.


.
e-mail:
info@ekp2001-orosimo.gr

,




.
1

=
=

y =

y =

= y

1.

2.
3.
4.

2 = 1 2
2 + 2 = 1
2 = 1 2

=
, + ,

=
, ,

. = 1 +
,
2

5.

1 + 2 =

6.

1 + 2 =

, +

, ,

( ) =

( ) =

( ) =

( ) =

( ) =

( ) =

( ) =

( ) =

( + ) =

( + ) =

( + ) =

( + ) =

=
2

=
2

=
2

=
2

3

2

i.

ii.

, ( )
( ).
2
. ...
.

6
3
2
1
2

4
2
2
2
2

3
1
2

3
3

3
3

3
2

3
2

-1

-1

1
(x,y)
= y = x.

3

2

3
3
3
-1
.
= - 1.
2
2
2

: 5. 5
1 5 = - 1.
=

y
x
( x 0) =
( y 0). ( 1)
x
y

2
.
, ,
.

.. (3 ). 3 2 .

2 .
(3 ) .

1
.

31
.
2

31
28 3
3
3
3
=(
+
)=(14+
)=(72+
)=
=-1 (2+)=
2
2
2
2
2
2
3

1.
2

( + ) = - + 3 .

(2 - ) = 2 - 4 .
(

3
3
3
-) =
-
-
2
2
2

3 .

(3 - ) = (2 + - ) = ( - ) = - - 2
.
,
.

5
.
.
2

. =

1 . ,
2

+ = 1
, =

= .

= 1.

10

1.

( )


= , = , = , =
= , = , = , =

2.
().
(x,y) .

M(x,y)

1. = y
2. = x

3.
(x,y)
.

y
4. =
( x 0)
x
x
5. = ( y 0)
y
6. = y

3.
( )
:

11

1
4.

( ).

. ( - ).

3
2

3
2

- 2

5.
().

.

_____________

1. (2001)

7
2. ()
2
13
3.
2
31
4.
2

) 1
) 0
) - 1
)

5. 1890

6. (- 810 )
6.

(A)

(), (), (), (),

(), (), (), (), () ;

12

1
7.

( ).

1) (rad) :
) =

180

) =

180

) =

180 o

) =

180
;
a

2) :
)

180
=

=
180

180

180

8.
().
.

1
2

2. = 0

=1

=1

= 3

1.

3.

2
4
2
1
5. =
3 2

3
6. =
3
3
4.

7.
8.

9.

( ).

(x,y) :
) xx
) yy
)

) 1 3
1) ;

2) 2 ;

3)

- ;

4) + ;

5)

+ ;

6) 2 + ;

10. ( )
xx :
) ; ) ; ) ; ) ;

13

11. ( ).
1 8 .
.
1. ( + )
.
2. (2 )

3. ( )

4. ( - )

5. (

+ )

2
3
- )
6. (
2
7. (

- )

2
3
8. (
+)
2

12. ( ).
:
) ; ) ; ) ; ) - ; )
; ) ; ) ,,,; ) , , , ;

13. 1 8
. .
1. ( - )
.
2. ( + )

3. (2 + )

4. (2 )

5. (

3
- )
2

6. (
7. (
8. (

+ )

3
+ )
2

. -

- )

14. (x,y)

) y = x 1 .

+;

- ;

- ;

) =

= .
14

15. 1 8
. .

1. (90 )

2. (270 + )

3. (90 + )

4. (270 )

5. (180 + )

6. (360 )

.
.
.
.
.

7. (180 )
8. (360 + )

16.

.
1.
.
;

2. 180

;

3. 90

.
;

4. 180
.
;
5.

180 .
;
6.

7.

90 .

+

3
+ ) =.
2
2
1
9.
=
3
2
5

10.
.
4
4

8. (

15

f()=
=
y=1 y=-1

1 1 .
=2

( ) =

f()=
=
y=1 y=-1

1 1 .

( ) =

f()=
={

}.

=.

( ) =

f()=
={

, }.

=.

( ) =

f ( ) = g ( ) = , , > 0 =

y = y =

16

x =
x =
x =
x =

x = 2 + x = 2 + ,
x = 2 + x = 2 ,
x = + ,
x = + ,

Z.
Z.
Z.
Z.

.
f
> 0
x : f(x+T)=f(x-T)=f(x). O f .
;

1.
i

f(x) = x 2

iii f(x) = x

iv f(x) = x 2

ii

f(x) = x

2.
i
f(x) = x
x =

x =

3
.
2

f(x) = x
x = 0 x = .
iii f(x) = x
[0, ] [, 2].
iv f(x) = x
(0, ).
ii

v f(x) = x =

3.
:
1) f(x) = x 2) f(x) = x 3) f(x) = x 4) f(x) = x.
.
.

x
0
?

3
2

-1

.
x
0
?

2
0

-1

3
2
0

2
1

17

4. ().
, , , :
1. f(x) = x 2. f(x) = x 3. f(x) = x 4. f(x) = x. .
.

5.
( ).
) f(x) = 32x :
1 1;
2 2;
3 3;
5 5;
) f(x) = 32x :
=

2
;
3

3
;
2

= ;

= 2;

6.
().

:

x =

ii

f(x) = x.
x =
f(x) = x.

iii

x = -

;
;

f(x) = x.
f(x) = x
.
v f(x) = x .

iv

vi f(x) = x .
vii f(x) = x
f(x) = x yy.
7.

().
1, 2, 3, 4 , , , , ,
. .
i
ii
iii
iv

x =
x =
x =
x =

. x = +
Z.
. x =
Z.
. x = 2 +
Z.
. x = 2
Z.
. x = 2 + Z.
. x = 2 + + Z.

18

8.
().
:

x = .

x = - x = ( ).

x = x = + .
2

x = x =

.
2

x = - x = ( ).

1. x =

2.

3.
4.
5.

x = ( + ).
1

7. x = x = .
2
3

6. x = -

9. ( ).
x x = 0 :
x=

10.

, Z.

x = , Z.

x = 2, Z. x =

3
, Z.
2

( ).

1
:
2

; ;

E ;

11.

( ).

2x -

3 0

; ;

E ;

19

f ( ) = + ( ) , , , .
= y = 0 , y = 4 , :
) = = = 2
1.1

f ( ) = ( ) =

=2

1 ( ) 1 ( ) , > 0 + ( ) +
f ( ) +
f +
=0

2 = 4 = 2 = 4 = 2
+ =4
= = = 2

1=

f ( ) = 2 + 2 ( 2 ) 4 = 2 + 2 ( 2 ) 2 = 2 ( 2 ) 1 = ( 2 )
2 = 2 +

= ( 2 )
2

= + ,
2
4

f ( ) = + 2 ( ) , > 0 . f
, = 3 y = 3 ,
) , ,
) f ( )

) f ( ) f
4
1.2

2
3

f = 0 y = 0 ,
)

3 =

3=

2
0 = + 20 = 0 f ( ) = 2 y = 2 .
3
3 = 2 3 = 3 = 1
2
2
= , = 0 , = 1 f ( ) = 2
3
3

1
2

2 1
f ( ) = 2
= 3 f = 2 = 2 = 2 = 1
= 2 = 2
3
2
6
2
3
4
3 4

20

1.3

f : R R f ( ) = 3 + 2 1 .

)
)
)

f = 0 ,

1 3 3 3
1 1 2 2 2
5 3 + 2 5 6 3 + 2 1 4 6 f ( ) 6
) y = 6
) y = 6
) f (0 ) = 3 0 + 2 0 1 = 0 + 2 1 = 1

f = 3 + 2 1 = 3 + 0 1 = 2
2
2
2
f ( ) = 3 + 2 1 = 0 2 1 = 3
3
1
3 3

f = 3 + 2 1 = 3
+ 2 1 =
3
3
2
2
2
3

1.4

f (t) =

1 1
t
+ t sec t [0,180] .
2 2 6

)
) ;
) t = 13 sec;
) ;

1 1 t 1
1 1 1 1
t
t 1 1
1 1 + + + 0 f ( t ) 1
2 2 6 2
2 2 2 2 6 2 2
6

) :

1 1 t
1 1 t
t

t
+ = 1 = =
2 2 6
2 2 6
6
2
6
t

t
1
= 2 + = 2 + t = 12 + 3,
6
2
6
2

1 = f (t) 1 =

t [0,180]

3
177
1

14, 75
12
12
4
= 0, 1, 2, 3,, 14 t = 3sec, 15sec t =171sec
0 12 + 3 180 3 12 177

1 1 13 1 1 12
+
+
= +
2 2 6 2 2 6
6
1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3
= + 2 + = + = + = + = cm 75cm
2 2
6 2 2
6 2 2 2 2 4 4

) f (13) =

21

12

= 12 , 12 sec

6
.

1 1
1 1 3
+ = + = m
2 2
6 2 4 4
1 1 13 1 1 1 3
= + = m
t = 1 + 12 = 13 sec y = +
2 2
6
2 2 2 4

.. t

= 1 y =

1.5

2 2 = 0 , [0, ]

2 2 = 0 ( )( + ) = 0
= 0

+ = 0
=

=
= +
2

,
2

+ ,
2

= 2
= 2 +

= 2

+ , = 2 + + = 2 ,
2
2
2

= 2

2 = 2 +

= 2 , 2 =

=0

= +

[0, ]

3
=
4

0 0 +

0 0

2 = 2

,
2
2

1
1

= + , = = = ,
4
4
4
4

0 +

1
1
3
1
4
4
4

1
1
4

1
5
. = 1
4
4

3
4

22

2 2 = 0 2 (1 2 ) = 0 2 1 + 2 = 0
1
2 2 1 = 0 2 =
2

1
1
=

2
2
2
2
=
=
[0, ]
2
2

3
=
=
4
4

1.6

2 3 + 3 = 0

2 (1 + 3 ) + 3 = 0
2
= 1 + 3 + 3 = 0
=

3 1 1 = 3 2 = 1

= 3 =

= 1 =

1.7

= +

= +

3 2 2 5 = 0 , ( , )

3(1 2 ) 2 5 = 0

3 3 2 + 2 5 = 0 2 2 5 + 3 = 0 2 2 + 5 3 = 0
1
2
= 2 + 5 3 = 0 1 = 3 2 =
2
= 3 1 1,

1
= = = 2 ,
2
3
3

1
( , ) < < < 2 + < 1 < 2 + < 1
3
3
4
2
2
1

< 2 < < < = 0 =

3
3
3
3
3

1
( , ) < < < 2 < 1 < 2 < 1
3
3
2
4
1
2

< 2 < < < = 0 =

3
3
3
3
3

23

1.8

1 = , (0,2 ]

1 + 2 2 = 2
1 + 2 2 = 1 2
2 2 2 = 0
2 ( 1) = 0
= 0

=
= 2

= 1
= 0
= 2 ,

(0,2 ] 0 < 2 0 < 2 +

2 0 < 2 +

1
2
2

2
1
3
1
3

< 2 < = 0 x =
2
2
4
4
2

1
0 < 2 0 < 2 2 0 < 2 2
2
2
1
5
1
5
3
< 2 < = 1 = 2 =
2
2
4
4
2 2
= 2 0 < 2 0 < 2 2 0 < 2 2 0 < 1 = 1 = 2

1 0 = 1
2
2
3
3
1
=
1 - 0 = -1 1 = -1
2
2
3
=

2
1 2 = 2 1 1 = 0

1.9

2 2 3 2 = 0

= 0
= 0 = 0

2 3 = 0 =
2

2 = 0 = 0

24

2 2 3 = 0 1 = 3 2 = 1 = 3 = ,

( = 3 ).
= = + , = 1 =

3
3
= + ,
4
4

2 2 3 2 = 0
2 2 + 2 4 2 = 0

( ) ( 2 )
2

= 3
= 3

= 0 ( 2 )( + 2 ) = 0

=
= 1

1.10 1) 2 , f ( ) = 2 3
2
2

; 2) ;
3) ; 4)
y

1
2

1)

1 3 3

2
2
y = 1

y = 1 2 3

3 5 2 3

1 1 f ( ) 5

= 1 3 = 3 = 1 = 0
2
2
2
2

= 2 = 4 ,
2

1
1
1

2 , 2 < 4
`2 < 4 < = 0
2
2
2
8
2

= 0 .
2) f

3) 1

2
= 4
1
2

f ( ) 5 1 y = 5

25

4)

y=

1
3
1
1

2 3 = = 3 = =
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
3
2

= 2 +

3
2
= 4 +
3

,
3
2
= 4
,
3
2

= 2

: 1

2,
2

1.11

1)

f ( ) =

3
2 + 1

2)

g ( ) = 2 1

1
2
2

2
,
2
3
3
2

f = 2
,
3

2) 2 1 0
2
6
1) 2

+ 1 0

6
6

5
2 + 2 +
,
6
6

= 2 + , 2 + ,
6
6

1.12

f ( ) = 2 + 2 1

g ( ) = 2 + .
1) yy

2)
3) f
g

f (0) = 2 0 0 + 0 2 0 1 f (0 ) = 2 1 = 3
f ( ) yy (0,3)
1)

=0

26

g (0) = 2 0 0 + 0 = 0
g ( ) yy A(0,0 )
y = 0
0 = 2 + 2 1 0 = 2 ( 1) + 1 0 = ( 1)( 2 + 1)

=0

1 = 0

2 + 1 = 0

= 1

1
2

=
2
3

= 2 1 + , 1 = 2 2 + , 2
2
2
2
2
= 2 3 +
, 3 = 2 4 , 4
3
3
=

f .

= 0
0 = 2 + 0 = ( 2 + 1) = 0

1
= - = 21, 1
2

= 0

= 21, 1 = 2 2 = 2 3 +

2 + 1 = 0

= 2 2 + , 2

2
, 2
3

2
, 3
3

= 2 3

2)

f ( ) = g ( ) 2 + 2 1 = 2 +
2 1 = 0 =

1
2
2
=
= 2
,
2
3
3

3)

f ( ) > g ( ) 2 + 2 1 > 2 +

2 1 > 0 <

1
2
<
2
3

2
4
2
4

2 +

+ 2 ,
3
3
3
3

27

1. f

f (2005) = 0 .

2.
. 3

f ( ) = 3

. 4
. 6
2

3. , >
4 2
.

4.
. -1

f ( ) = 2 3
. 5

401

. 2

. 3

5.

3
= , , < <
4 2

6.

f ( ) = 1 2

[ 2 , 1]

3
. [1 , 3]

[ 2 , 3]

7. f

8.
. 5

9.

f ( ) =
.

15

1
3

3
f < f
11
29

3
. 30

f ( ) = +
6
6

10.

.

[ 1 , 3]

2
3

f ( ) = 1 3 5 ( ,0)

1
3

. 0

11.

f ( ) = 2

g ( ) = 3
h( ) = 2 3

( ) = 3

i)

ii)

-1

iii)

-2

iv)

-3

28

12.

f ( ) = 3

12

g ( ) = 2 5
h( ) =

3
2
( ) = +

13.

f ( ) = 2 + 5

(2005 , - 3)

g ( ) =

h( ) = 2 1

( ) = 2

14.

1
,
2 2

, 0
3

, 0
4

, 0 .
3

f ( ) = 2 + 1
g ( ) = 2 1 +

1
4
3
0

h( ) = ( 3)

15.

f f ( ) = (1 )

<1

y = 2 .
1)

2)

3)

f ( ) = 1 ( , 3 )

29

f ( ) = + 3 ( ) < 0 > 0 .
2
f y = 2 =
.
3
1) , ,
2) f
3) f
4) 2 f ( ) 3 = 0

16.

17.

f (t ) = 17 + 5

t
6

1) 24- ;
2) ;
3) 17
18.

f (t ) = 2 3 (3t ) 4 .

1) ;
2)
3) ;
4) ;
;

19.

f (t ) = 60 + 20

t
3

KWh

t t = 1,2,3,...,12 12 . KWh=0,5
.
1) ;
2) ;
3) ;
4) ;

20.
1)

f ( ) = 2 + 1

21.

2 5 + 6 = 0

22.

23.

f ( ) =

2)

= +

1


= 30
2

30

1
24.

25.

2 + 1 = 0

+ = 0

+ = 0
1 = 0

,
2

3
4
5
6

2
3

2
26.

3 2 2 5 = 0

+ = 0, [0 , 2 ]
3
6

27.

28.

+ = 1, (0 , 2 ]

29.

2
2
=
1 + 3

30.

31.

3 5 3 5 = 0

32.

3 + 1 2 2 3 +

3 1 2 = 0

2 2 + 1 = 0

(1 + 2 ) =

f ( ) = 2005 + 2 . f (2 ) = f

33.
34.

35.

2 1
2
3
... 89
= 1

= 1 + 2 + 1 2 1 , 2
(1 + ) (1 + 2 ) + (1 ) = 0

36.

31

1.

( + ) = ,

( + ) = ,

( + ) =

2.

( + ) = , ( + ) = , ( + ) =

3.

4.

= ,
= ,
=
2
2
2
2
2
2
+

= ,
= ,
=
2
2
2
2
2
2

1.

++ = + =
( + ) = ( ) ( + ) =

2. (1)
3.

+
=

2
2 2
+

+

=

=
2
2
2
2 2

++ = + =

4. (3)

32

,
1 , 2 . (.1)
-
(.2)

Y
-

M1(,)

((-),(-))

2(,)

(1,0)

1 :
2 :
:
:

1 , 2 , , :

1
( )

( )

2 1 = = ( 1 2 ) = ( )

( 2 1 )2 = ( )2

1 ( 1 , y1 ) 2 ( 2 , y 2 )

(12 ) = ( 2 1 )2 + ( y 2 y1 )2 :
( 2 1 )2 = ( )2 + ( )2

= 2 + 2 2 + 2 + 2 2
= 2 2( + )

( )

= ( ) 1 + ( ) 0
2 ( ) + 1 2 ( ) + 2 ( ) = 2 2 ( )
2

: ( 2 1 )

= ( )
2 2( + ) = 2 2 ( )
+ = ( )

( ) = +

, , 0 < < 360 ,

, .
:

( ( ) ) = ( ) + ( ) =

( + ) =
33

( + ) =
2

= + = +
2

( + ) =

( + ) = +

( ) =

( + ) =

( + ) 0, 0, 0

( + )

( + )

+
=

+
+
=

( + ) =

+
1

( ) =

1 +

( + ) =

1
+

( ) =

+ 1

34

1.

iii.

( + ) = +
( + ) = 2
( + ) = 2

iv.

( ) = +

v.

+ =

i.
ii.

( + )
( + )

2.

15
= 45
30

i.

iv.

60
+ 45

3 +1
=




1 60 45
1 3




(45 + ) = (45 )
4
+
=1

v.

105
= (60
+ 45
) =

ii.
iii.

10

10

3.

+ + 2 = 1
4

1
+ + =
6

6
2








45 + 45 + 45 + 45 = ( )

i.
ii.

iii.

(15
+ ) (15
) + ( 75
+ ) ( 75
) = 2

iv.

(45
+ ) (135
+ ) = 1

v.

4.

i.
( + ) ( )

.

( 2 2 )

2 2 .

( + ) ( )

ii.
.
iii.
.

( ) ( )

( )
+ 1
+ 1
.

2 2
1 2 2

. 1

1
2

1
+

( )2

1 +
35

5. I II

II

( + )
( )
( + )
( )

+
+
+
1
+ 1


1 +
1
+

( + )
( )
( )
( + )

6. I
II

II

35
+ 10

1 35
10

70
20
+ 20
70

40
50
40
50

1
2
0
1

40
100
+ 40
100

1
2

7. :

= ( 80 ) ( 70 + ) + (10 + ) ( 20 )

3
2

3
2

1
2

1
2

8. :

97
+ 38
= 97
38
1
9.

85
65
+ 65
85
= 85
35
85
35

10.

30
+ 15

60
15
1
=
1 30
15
30
15

36

1.13

15

0 < < ,
< <
17
2 2
+ ,

3
5

= , =

( + ) = +
( ) =
( + ) =
( ) = +
,

2 = 1 2 = 1

9 16
=
25 25

, 0 < <
5
2
225
64
8

2
2
= 1 = 1
=
=
,
< <
289 289
17
2
3 15 8 4
13
( + ) =
+ =
5 17 17 5
85
3 15 8 4
77
( ) = =
5 17 17 5
85
4 15 3 8
84
( + ) = =
5 17 5 17
85
4 15 3 8
36
( ) = + =
5 17 5 17
85
( + ) 13
( ) 77

( + ) =
=
,
( ) =
=
( + ) 84
( ) 36
1
84
1
36
=
,
=
( + ) =
( ) =
( + ) 13
( ) 77

1.14

3
2
+ + + + =
3

3
4
3
2


2






ii) 73 + 47 + 73 47 =
4
i)

37

i) :

+ + 2 + + =
3

+ + +
3
3
3
3

+ + =
3
3
3
3

2
2
1
1

3
3

+ +
+
2
2
2
3
3

1
3
2 + 2
4
4
3
3
= 2 + 2 =
4
4

3
1
3
3
1
3
+ 2 + 2 +
+ 2 2
2
4
4
2
4
4
3
3
3
( 2 + 2 ) = 1 =
4
4
4


ii) i) = 13
3
2 ( 60
+ 13
) + 2 ( 60
13
) + ( 60
+ 13
) ( 60
13
) =
4
3
2 73
+ 2 47
+ 73
47
=
4
=

1.15

( ) ( ) ( )
+
+
=0

( )
( ) ( )
+
+
=


+
+
=

( ) + ( )
+

( )

+ +
+
=0

1.16

2 ( ) + 2 2 ( ) = 2
ii) ( ) + ( + ) = ( + )( + )
iii) ( ) + ( ) + ( ) = 0
i)

38

i)

2 ( ) + 2 2 ( )
2
= ( )[ ( ) 2 ] +
= ( )( + 2 ) + 2
= ( )( ) + 2
= ( + )( ) + 2

= 2 2 + 2 2 + 2 = 2 1 2 + 2 2

= + = + =
ii) ( ) + ( + ) = + + +
= ( + ) + ( + ) = ( + )( + )
2

iii)

( ) + ( ) + ( ) =
( ) + ( ) +
+ ( ) =
+
+ = 0

1.17

, ,

1
2

, : + + =
8
4

1
5

= , = , =

+
+
( + ) +
1
=
( + + ) =
+
1 ( + )
1

1
+ + (1 ) + +
=
=
1 ( + ) 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
65
+ +
+ +
= 2 5 8 2 5 8 = 2 5 8 80 = 80 = 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1
1
65
1
1
2 5 2 8 5 8
10 16 40 80

( + + ) = 1 ( + + ) =

0 < <

, 0< <

0 < + + <

, 0< <

+ + =

+ ,

. = 0 + + =
2
4

39

i)

1.18

= 2 2 ( + ) + 2 ( + )

ii)

1

= , 0,

i)

= 2 2 ( + ) + 2 ( + )
= 2 + ( + )[ ( + ) 2 ]

= 2 + ( + )( 2 )
= 2 + ( + )( )
= 2 ( )( + )

= 2 2 2 2 2

= 1 +
2

= + 2 + 2 2
2

= 2 2 + 2 = 2
ii) :

2 =

2
2
=
2 1 2

1
1
2
=
25 2 = 1 2 26 2 = 1 2 =
2
26
1 25

1.19

= 2 =

1
26

+ y =

( y ) =

3
3
+ y =
2
2

1
2

( y ) = y + y =

1
2y + 2y = 1 (1)
2

2y
9
2y : 2 + 2 y + 2y =
(2)
4
3
2 + 2 y + 2y =
(3)
4
(2 ) (3)
1 + 1 + 2y + 2y = 3 2y + 2y = 1

40

1.20

( ) = ( )

= ( 45
)

) 0 ( ) = 0

( ) = 0 , .

( )

= 1 ( ) = 1

= 1 = 1 +
( )
1 +
+ = 1
45



( + 1) = 1 =
= ( 45 )


1 + 45

1.21

+y=

+y=

( + y ) =

(1 + )(1 + y ) = 2

+ y
=1
1 y

4
4
+ y + y = 1 (

+ y = 1 y

+ y + y + 1 = 2

(1 + y )( + 1) = 2

1.22

(1 + y ) + (y + 1) = 2

= 2
+ 2
+ + 2
3

= 2
+ 2
+ + 2
3

2
2
2
2

=

+
+
+ 2
3
3
3
3

3
3

1
1
=
+ + + 2
2
2
2
2

2
2
1
= 3 + + 3 + 2

4
1
= 3 2 + 2 + 2 3 + 3 2 + 2 2 3 + 2
4
1
6
1
3
3
3
= (6 2 + 2 2 ) + 2 = 2 + 2 + 2 = 2 + 2 =
4
4
2
2
2
2

) (

41

: :

1.23

1 + (

( ) =
4

) =

2
1

+ 1

+ 1
1

+ 1
2
1 + + 1
2
=

=
1 1
1
1
2
2

=
(1 ) = 1
1 1
= 1 = 1

1+

1 = 0 ( + ) = 0
( + ) =

1.24

+ = = =
2
2
2
2

( )
= ,
( )

( )
( )

=
=
( )
( )
( ) = ( )
( ) + ( ) = ( ) =
() = =

( ) = ( + ) =
( + ) + = 0 + = 0
= 0 (1)
0 ,

(1) : = 0 =
2

1.25
i)

i)

2 + 2 + 2 2 = 2.
2
2
2
ii) + + = 2

42

i)

+ + = + = ( + ) = ( )
= + =

( + ) 2 = 2 2
2 2 + 2 + 2 = 2 2
(1 2 )(1 2 ) + 1 2 + 2 = 2 2
2 + 2 + 2 2 = 2.

2 + 2 + 2 = 2 (i)
2 + 2 + 2 2 = 2.

ii)

2 2 = 2 = 0

= 0 = 0 = 0 =

1.26

= 2

+ + = + = ( + ) = ( )
( + ) =

( + ) = 2 + = 2
+ 2 = 0 = 0
( ) = 0 = 0 = 180

= 0 =

1.27

+ ( )
=
( )

( + ) + ( )
=
( )

+ +
2

+
2 = + 2
2 = 0 ( ) = 0 ( + ) = 0

= 0 ( + ) = 0
=0
,

= 180
+ = 90
+ = 270

+ = 90

+ = 90
= 90

43

1.28

:
i) 2 + 2 + 2 = 2 2 2
ii)

+ + =
2
2
2
2
2
2

i)

+ + = 180
2 + 2 + 2 = 360
2 + 2 = 360
2

( 2 + 2 ) = ( 360
2 )

2 + 2
= 2
1 22
2 + 2 = 2 + 2 22
2 + 2 + 2 = 222



ii) + + = 180
+ + = 90

2 2 2

+ = 90
+ = 90

2 2
2
2
2 2

1
1

1
2
2
2
2
=
=

2
+
+

2
2
2
2
2

= + = + +
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

1.29

i)

2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 1

ii)

2 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 2 2 = 2

i) + +

= + = ( + ) = ( )
= + =

( + ) 2 = 2 2
2 2 + 2 + 2 = 2 2
2 2 + 2 + 2 = (1 2 )(1 2 )
2 2 + 2 + 2 = 1 2 2 + 2 2
2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 1

44

ii)

+ + = 2 + 2 + 2 = 2

2 + 2 = 2-2
( 2 + 2) = ( 2-2) 2 2-22 = 2

2 2- 2 = 22
( 2 2- 2) 2 = 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 + 2 2 2 2 2 2 = 2 2 2 2
(1- 2 2)(1- 2 2) + 1 2 2- 2 2 2 2 = 2 2 2 2
2 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 2 2 = 2

1.30

+ ( +

) + ( +

2
)=3
3

2
+ , +
+ ,
3 2
3
2

+ , ,

, :

2
2

3 +
3 =3
+ ( + ) + ( + ) = 3 +

2
3
3
1
1
3
3

( )

3 = 3 +
3 +
3 =3

1
1 + ( )
1
1 +
3
3
3
3
+ 3 3
+
+
=3
(1)
1 3 1 + 3

3 +

(1)

1 3 2 :

(1 3 2 ) + ( + 3 )(1 + 3 ) + ( 3 )(1 3 ) = 3(1 3 2 )

3 3 + + 3 2 + 3 + 3 + 3 2 3 + 3 3 + 9 2 = 0
3 3 9 2 9 + 3 = 0

i)

3 3 + 1 = 0 ( + 1)( 4 + 1) = 0
3

+ 1 = 0 2 4 + 1 = 0 :

+ 1 = 0 = 1 =
=

= ( )
4
4

3
3
=
+ , .
4
4

45

1
ii)

2 4 + 1 = 0 =

2 3
2

2+ 3
2+ 3
, = + 1 , 1 =

2
2
2 3
2 3
=
, = + 2 , 2 =

2
2
=

1.31

3
+ 4 ( + ) + 4 ( ) =
4

4 + (

3
+ ) 4 + ( ) 4 =
4
4
4
4
2
4

3
+
( + ) +
( ) =
2
2

1
1
3
4 + ( 2 + 2 + 2 ) 2 + ( 2 + 2 2 ) 2 =
4
4
2
1
1
3
4 + ( 1 + 2 ) 2 + ( 1 2 ) 2 =
4
4
2
4

1
1
3
4 + ( 1 + 4 2 2 + 4 ) + ( 1 4 + 4 2 2 ) =
4
4
2
1
3
4 + ( 1 + 4 2 2 + 4 + 1 4 + 4 2 2 ) =
4
2
1
3
1
3

4 + ( 2 + 8 2 2 ) = 4 + + 2 2 ( 1 2 ) =
4
2
2
2
2 4 + 1 + 4 2 ( 1 2 ) 3 = 0 2 4 + 1 + 4 2 4 4 3 = 0
2 4 + 4 2 2 = 0 2 4 4 2 + 2 = 0
2( 2 1 )2 = 0 2 1 = 0 = 1
:

= 1 =

+ 2 ,

2
2
3
3
= 1 =
=
+ 2 ` , `
2
2

46

1.32

(15
) (35
) (45
+ ) (55
+ ) (75
+ ) = 1

( 2 , 2 )

(15
) = (90
15
+ ) = (75
+ )

(35
) = (90
35
+ ) = (55
+ )
(45
) = (90
45
+ ) = (45
+ )

( 75
+ ) ( 55
+ ) ( 45
+ ) ( 45
+ ) ( 55
+ ) ( 75
+ ) = 1

( 75
+ ) ( 75
+ ) ( 55
+ ) ( 55
+ ) ( 45
+ ) ( 45
+ ) = 1

= 1 ,

= +

= 1

( 2 , 2 )

1
<2
4
4
1
1
9
7
2 < < 2 < <
4
4
4
4
= 2,1,0,1
2 < +

1 = 2 +

= +
=

7
,
4

< 2 2 < +

2 = +

3
,
4

3
3 = , 4 = + =
4
4
4
.

47

1.

(17
) (17
+ ) + (73
+ ) (73
) :

. 0
. 1
.
. 2
2.

20
80
+ 70
10

0

1
2

2 20

3.

3 15

1 + 315

1

3
3

215

4.

15

10

2
13
2

5
7

=

5
30
9
9
18
18

5.

3 75
1

75
+ 3

=1

6.

2 5 2 3
= 2 8
1 2 5 2 3

7.

1
1
44

1
+ 1

40
80
40
80

2
3

-1

3105
1
3 + 105

12

12

1
2
1
2

48

8.

7
8

9
18
18
9
5
2
2
5

7
7
7
7

2
3

1
4

15

20

15

3
2

20
+1

3
3

1
2

9.

>y

. (

10.

y)

>y

. (

, y ,

y)

(y )

, y +

(y )

( + y )

y + 1
y

( + y )

y
1 + y

11. :
i)

70 20 70 20

ii)

50 10 + 10 50
175 55 + 175 55
5 55 65 105

iii)
iv)

12. 105 15

1
7
+ .

13.

= , =

14.

= , =

1
3

+ .

13

, (0, )
14
2

(0, ), ( , ),
4
2
2

49

15.

, , =

3
1
3
, = + =
4
7
4

16. :

(30

) (

3
3
30
+ +
30
= 1
3
3
1








ii) 30 + 30 30 + 30 =
2
i)

+ 30
+

) (

17. :
i)

+ (120
) + (120
+ ) = 0

ii)

2 + 2 (120
+ ) + 2 (240
+ ) =

3
2

18. :
i) = ( )

+ ( )
ii) = ( ) + ( + )
iii)

( ) + ( ) + ( ) = 0

19. :

( + ) ( ) = 2 2
2
2
ii) ( + ) ( ) = 1
iii) ( + ) ( ) =
i)

20. :

2 2
i) ( ) =
+
2 2
ii) ( + ) =

21. :

22.

( ) ( ) ( )
+
+
=0

+ =

23. :

E=

2 + 2 + 2 2 = 1

( + ) ( + )
( + ) ( + )

50

24. :
i)

( + ) + ( ) +
=
( ) + ( + )

ii)

( ) + ( ) + ( ) = ( ) ( ) ( )

25. :

2 ( + )
= +
( + ) + ( )

26.

+ + =

27.

+ + =

2
(1 + )(1 + )(1 + ) = 2(1 + )

2
i) + + =
ii) + + = 1
iii)

2 + 2 + 2 1

28.

= 2

ii)

i)

29.

=1

30.

+ =

= 3

iii)

= 3

= 2

= 2

iv)

= 3

= -1

( )2 + ( )2 = 1
2
2
ii) ( + ) + ( + ) = 3
i)

31.
:

i)

ii)

= 90

= 4

3
4 + 2

= 2 2

32.

= 90
:
( + ) 2 = 0

51

33.

= 90
:
= 2

34.

= 90
:

= 2

35.
:

= 90

( ) = 1 2

+
+
=2

36.

37.

= 90
:

+ + = 1

38.
i) + + = 1
ii)

+ 2 + 2 1

:
2
i) 2 + 2 + 2 = 1 2 2 2 2
2
2
2
ii) 2 + 2 + 2 = 1
39.
2

45

,
i) >
ii) > 1
iii) < 1
40.

:
( ) + ( ) + ( ) = 0

1


+ = 225 :

=
1 + 1 + 2

41.

42.

43. :

+ =
3
4

52

44. :

1
( + 60
)
=




( + 60 ) + ( 60 ) 3

45. :

46. :

( + y ) + ( y ) = 2

47. :

48. :

9 ( + ) = ( ), =

49. :

2 + 2 ( + ) 2 ( + ) =

1
+ = , [0 , 2 ]
4

4
4

+ = 2 + , [0 , 2 ]
4

4
5
1
2

50. :
i) 2 = 88
ii)

4 + 4 +

1
=
4 4

53

2

:

( + ) , ( + ) , ( + ) , ( + ) ,

( + ) = + 2 = 2

( + ) =

2 = 2 2
= 2 2 1
= 1 2 2

( + ) =

( + ) =

1
+

2 =

2
1 2

2 =

2 1
2

2 .
:

2 = 2 2 1 2 =

1 + 2
2

2 = 1 2 2

1 2
2

2 =

2 =

1 2
1 + 2

1

.

2 = 2

= 2

= 2 2

1 = 1 2 2

54

1.

2 2 45
1 = 2
1
2
) 1 2
=
12 2
2
1 75

)
= 3
2 75

5
5 1

=
) 2
12
12 2
)

2135
135
= 1

2.

1 2
2
1 + 2
2
) =
2
1 2
2
) =
1 + 2
2
) 2 = 1 2
)

3.
) K = (
)

+ + 1)( + 1)
) 2
) 0

= 4 (45
) 4 (45
)




) 90
) 90

)
)

4. .
.

1
2

1 2
2

12

12

3
1
4

2
2

1
2

2 2

3
8
2 3
1
8
2

5. :

(18
) (18
+ ) + (72
+ ) (72
) = 2 2

55

6. :
i.
ii.

4 3 4 3 = 4
1
2 15
2 75
=
4

7. ,

6
4

1 2 2
2

1
2

=0

= 2 2

= 60

= 90

= 30

= 45

1 2

= 3

2
=2 3
1 2

8. :

+ 2

= 1

9. :

= 4 1 +

3
5
7
1 +
1 +
1 +

8
8
8
8

= 90

= 45

= 60

10.

1
2

2
1 + 2
2
1 2

2
1 + 2

= 30

)
)

56

1.33

( + 30
) ( 30
) =

1 2 2
1 + 2 2

+ 30

30

2 2 30

=
1 30
1 + 30
1 2 2 30

2

3
3
1
2
2
2

3
1
2
2
3
3 1
3 2 2

9
3

=
=
=
=
=
=
2
2
2
3 2 2
3 1 2 3 1 2 1 3 3
2
1

9
3
2
3
2

(
(

3 2 1 2
4 2 1
=
(1)
3 2 1 2
4 2 1
1 2 (1 2 2 )

1 + 2 ( 2 2 1)

1 2 + 4 2
4 2 1
==
(2)
1 + 4 2 2
4 2 1

(1) (2)

1.34

:
1)

1 2 + 2
1 +

= 2)
=
1 + 2 + 2
1 + +
2

2
1 2 + 2 1 (1 2 ) + 2
2 2 + 2
1)
=
=
=
1 + 2 + 2 1 + ( 2 2 1) + 2 2 2 + 2

2 ( + )

=
=
2 ( + )

1 + 2 1 2 2
1 +
2
2
2
2)
=
=
1 + + 1 + 2 + 2 2 1
2
2
2

2 +
2 + 2 2
2
2
2

=
2
2
2 =

2
2 + 2
2 +
2
2
2
2
2
2

57

1.35

2
4
8 1


=
7
7
7 8

2 = 2

2
2

4
8
16
2
2 +

2
7

7 , 4 =
7 , 8 =
7 =
7

=
=
8
8
7 2 2
7 2 4
7 2 8
2
2
7
7
7
7
7

4
8
2

2
4
8
7
7
7 =1

=
4
8 8
2
7
7
7
2
2
2
7
7
7

1.36

:
1)

1
3
1

= 4 2) 10
20
40
= 10





8
10 10

1) :

10
310
= 410
10

10
60
10
= 2 20

60

10
= 2 20

10


60


60 10
60
10
= 2 20
60

(60
+ 10
) = 2 20

70
= (90
70
)
2)

10

1
2

70
= 20

70
= 70

1 10
10

1
40
80

=
=








4 210 10
8
2 20 2 40

20
=

40

2 20

2
2

58

1.37

1)

+ 4

3 3
= 2) 4 4 2 + 3 = 8 4
8
4

1)

2
2
1
3
3

4
= +
4 + 4
=
8
8 8
8
2

2 =

1 2
.
2

3

1

4 =
+
2

1
2 1
2
1
+ 1 +
=

4
2 4
2
1 1
1 1
13
13

1 + 2 + 1 + + 2 = 2 + + 2 =
4 2
4 2
42
42

3
2 3
2 6 3

+ +
= =
8 4 8 4
8 4
2)

4 4 2 + 3 = 2 2 4 2 + 3 =
2 2 2 1 4 2 + 3 = 2 2 2 4 2 + 2 =
2 ( 2 2 2 2 + 1) = 2 ( 2 1) = 2 (1 2 2 1) =
2

2 4 4 = 8 4

1.38

+ 4

3
5
7 3
+ 4
+ 4
=
8
8
8
2

= =
8
8
8

3
3
5

=
= + =

=
8
8
8
8

2 8

3
5
7

4 + 4
+ 4
+ 4
= 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 =
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
2

2 4 + 4 = 2 2 + 2 4 2 2 =
8
8
8
8
8
8

2
1 3
2 = 2
= 2 = 2 =
4
4
2 2
2
2

59

1.39

7




450 < < 540 , :
24

450
< < 540
> 0 < 0

225
<

2 =

< 270
,
1

<0

1 + 2
1
1
=
=
=
49
1 + 2
1+
576

1
625
576

576 625 576 49

24
2 = 1 2 = 1
=
=
.
25
625
625
625
7
25 = 9 ,
2
25

49
7
1 +
= . : 2 =
=
625
25
2
2

9
3
24 7
336
=
= 2 = 2 = 2 =

2
25
5
25 25
625

1.40

3 = 3 4 3
3
ii) 3 = 4 3
3 3

iii) 3 =
, +
2
2
1 3
i)

3 +

= (2 + ) = 2 + 2 = 2 + (1 2 2 ) =
2 2 + 2 3

i) 3

2 (1 2 ) + 23 = 2 23 + 23 =
3 43
ii) 3 = (2 + ) = 2 + 2 =

( 2 1) 2 = 2 2 =
2 2 (1 ) = 2 2 + 2 =
2

4 3 3

2
+
2 +
1 2
iii) 3 = (2 + ) =
=
=
2
1 2
1

1 2

2 + (1 2 )
1 2 22

3 3
1 32
60

1.41

i)

4 2 36
+ 2 18
= 5

4 36
18
= 5

ii)

3 36
= 180
2 36
,
3 36
= 180
2 36
3 36
= 2 36

i)

3 36 4 36 = 2 36
36
36
3 4 2 36
= 2 36
36

3

(1)

3 4 2 36
= 2 36

(1) : 3 4 2 36

36
0

= 2 2 18

3 4 2 36
= 2 2 2 18
1 3 4 2 36
= 4 2 18
2

4 36 + 18 = 5
2

ii)

(1) :

3 4 36 = 2 36
3 4 1 2 36
= 2 36

2

(2)

4 2 36
2 36
1 = 0

(
)(

(1 + 36 ) = [8 2(1 + 2 36 )](1 + 36 )

16 2 36
2 18
= 8 2 36
2 2 18
= 8 1 2 18
1 + 36

(2 )

1 + 2 36





= 81
4

= 8 2 4 36 1 + 36
= 6 4 36
1 + 36

)(

) (

)(

= 6 + 6 36 4 36 4 36 = 6 4 36 + 2 36

(2 )

= 6 4 2 36
2 36
= 6 1 = 5

16 2 36
2 18
= 5 , 4 36
18
= 5

36
> 0

18
> 0

61

1.42

3 + 2 3 2
+
=2
2 + 2
2 + 2
2 + 4 + 3 2 4 + 3
+
=4
ii)
1 +
1
i)

i)

3 + 2 3 2 3 + 2
3 2
+
=
+
=
2
2
2
2 +
2 +
1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 2
2 + 1 + 2 2 + 1 2 2 + 2 2 2 + 2 2
+
=
+
=
1
1
1
1
1+
1+
1+
1+
2
2
2
2

2 2 (1 + 2 )
1 +
2

2 2 (1 + 2 )
1 +
2

= 2 2 + 2 2 = 2 ( 2 + 2 ) = 2

ii)

2 + 4 + 3 2 4 + 3 2 2 1 + 4 + 3 2 2 1 4 + 3
+
=
+
=
1 +
1
1 +
1
2 ( 2 + 2 + 1)
1 +

2 ( 2 2 + 1)
1

2 ( + 1) 2 ( 1)
+
= 2 ( + 1) + 2 (1 ) = 2 + 2 + 2 2 = 4
1 +
1
2

62

+ + +

2
2

:
=

4
2
2

1.43

+ + +
2
2

2
2

2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2
2
2
2
2 =

2
2

1 + 1 + 2 + 2 + 2
2
2
2

=
=

2
2
2
2
1 +

2 =

1.44

2 2
2

:i)

4 =
4

1 + 2 1 +

ii) + 22 + 44 + 88 =

i)

ii)

2
2

2
2 =
2 =

=
=
2

1 + 2 1 +
2
2
2 2
2 2

2 2
2

=
=
= 2 2

2
2 2 2 2 = 4 4
(2)
2

4 4 4 4 = 8 8

(1)

(3)

(1), (2) (3) :

+ 22 22 + 44 44 =
22 44 88
+ 22 + 44 + 88 =

63

i)

1.45

4 ( 6 + 6 ) = 1 + 3 2 2

ii)

= 6 + 6 , [0, )

i)

(
) [(
) 3 ( + )]=
4(1 3 ) = 4 3 4 = 4 3 2 =
4 3(1 2 ) = 1 + 3 2
4 6 + 6 = 4 2 + 2
2

1 + 3 2 2
4
2
2
2
[0, ) 0 2 1 0 3 2 3 1 1 + 3 2 4
ii)

= 6 + 6 =

1 1 + 3 2 2
1

1 1
4
4
4
1
min =
max = 1
4

2 2 = 0 2 = 0

2 = +
2

[0, )

3
4

2 2 = 1 2 = 1

2 = 2 = , [0, ) = 0
2 = 2 + = +

, =

64

1.46

2 = t ,
= 1 + 2 2 + ( 4 + 4 ) 3 ( 6 + 6 )

i)

t
ii)

4 2 2 (2 )
2 2 t 2
=
=
=
4
4
4
4
2

i) :

2 2 =

4 + 4 = ( 2 + 2 ) 2 2 2 =
2

1
1
1 2 2 = 1 t 2
2
2

6 + 6 = ( 2 + 2 ) 3 2 2 ( 2 + 2 ) =
3

3
3
1 3 2 2 = 1 2 2 = 1 t 2
4
4
:

t2
t2
9
1 2
3 2
1
= 1 + + 1 t 3 1 t = 1 + + 1 t 2 3 + t 2 =
4
4
4
2
4
2
7 + 1) t 2
(
t2
9t 2 2t 2 8
t 2 + 7t 2 8
1+ +
= 1+
= 1 2 +
4
4
4
4
ii) , t
1
1
2 9
7 + 1 = 0 =
=
= 1 + =
7
7
7 7

1.47

: i)

+ 4

1
1
6
6
ii) +
2
4

i) :

1
1 1
= 1 2 2 2 = 2 2 2 =
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
1 4 1 2 2
=
=
0
2
2
2
1
4
4
+
2

4 + 4

ii) :

3
1
1
= 2 + 2 3 2 2 2 + 2 =
4
4

1 3
3 3 2
3
3
2
2
2
2
1 4 = 2 = 1 2 = 2 0
4 4
4 4
4
4
1
6 + 6
4

6 + 6

65

1.48

2 + 2 =

2 + 2 =

2 ( + 1)
8

=0

2 + 2 =

= 0 2 2 2

= 0

=0

3
1 = 0
8
2
2

1
8

= 0 = = 2 ,
2
2
1
1

4
3 = = = 2 = 4
,
2 8
2 2
2
3
3

1.49

: i)

2 2 + 2 2 = 2 ii) 2 = 6 2 1

2
2
2
2
i) 2 + 2 = 2 2 + (2 ) = 2

2 2 + 4 2 2 = 2 ( 2 + 2 )

2 + 2 2 2 = 2 + 2
2 2 2 = 2
2 ( 2 2 1) = 0
2 (1 2 2 ) = 0

2 = 0

2 2 = 0
2 = 0

2 = 0 = 0 =

= 2

2 = 2

,
2
4
2
2
2
2
ii) 2 = 6 1 1 2 = 6 1 2 = 8
1
1
2 = =
4
2
1

= =
= 2 + = 2 + ,
2
6
6
6
1

= = = 2
= 2 + + ,
2
6
6
6

2 = 0 2 =

66

: i)

1.50

ii)

2 + 3 + 1 = 0 , [ 0 , 2]

2 + 2 2

=0

i) 2 + 3 + 1 = 0 1 2

+ 3 + 1 = 0

2 2 + 3 + 2 = 0 2 2 3 2 = 0

2 2 3 2 = 0 1 = 2 , 2 =

1
2

1 1

= = = 2
= 2 + +
6
2
6
6

1
[0 , 2 ] 0 2 0 2 2 0 2 2
6
6
1
13
1
13
2

= 1
6
6
12
12

11
= 2 =
6
6

= 2

0 2 0 2 + +

2 0 2 +

7
2
6

7
2 0 12 + 7 12
6
7
5
7 12 5
= 0
12
12
7
11
7
=
. =
=
6
6
6
0 2 +

ii)

2 + 2 2

= 0 2 2 1 + 2 2

=0

2 2 + 2 2 1 = 0 2 2 + = 0
2

1
(2 + 1) = 0 = 0 =
2

= 0 = = 2 +
= 2
2
2
2
,

1
2

= = =
2
3
3

2
2
= 2 +
= 2
,
3
3
67

2 +
1 2
=
1 + 2 +
2

1.51

2 +
1 1 2 2

=

2
1 + 2 2 1 +
2 (2 + 1)
2 2
=
(2 + 1) 2

= 180
+ , = .
=

= 1

1.52

= 90
2
= 180

2 2 1 = 1
2
2
2

2 2 2 + 1 = 1 2 = 0
2
2
2
2
2
2

= 0 =
2
2
2

= 270
= 90

2
2
2

= 540

= 90

= 90
= 90
.

68

1. () ()

2 3
4

i)

2 15
=

ii)

15
75
=

1
2

=1

8


iv) 22,5 = 1

iii)

v) 2

75
= 1

3
2

2.

i)

ii)

iii)

iv)

1 + 2
2
1 2
1 + 2
1 2
2
1 + 2
1 2

3.

29
4
< < 15 =
2
5
= 2 + 2 + 2 2
31
17
42
6
.
.
.
.
25
25
25
25

4.
. .

i) 2

+
2

= 2

2
+
ii) 1 + ( + ) =
2
+
1
iii)
=
2
2 2

+
2

= 60

= 45

= 90

69

5. () ()
1)

20
40
80
=

2)
3)

15
+ 4 15
=

1
8

1
8

4 22,5
+ 4 67,5
=

1
8

6.

= 7 + 52
+ 2 2 64

1)
. 0

. 2

2)

. 0

= 1 2
. 2

. 8

3 3

. 2
3)

. 4

. 4

. -2

8
.

1 +

7. .
.


1)

(45

2)

(45
)

3)

( + 60
) ( 60
)

4) 1

2
1 2
2
)
1 + 2
1 + 2 2
)
1 2 2
1 2
)
1 + 2
2
)
2
)

8.
. .


1) 1 2

= 2 2

1
2
2 2

1
2
3) 1 2
=
2
5

2)

)
)
)
)

70

9. :

=
1 + 2 1 +
2

i)

ii)

= 2
+

10. :

15

2
3
4
5
6
7
1





= 7
15
15
15
15
15
15 2

11.

, 0 < < :
4
2

2 , 2 ,

12.
)

4
5

= , ,

13. :

2
12

) =
, 0,
13
2

= 2 2 , ,

( 2 + 4 )2 + ( 2 + 4 )2 = 4 2

14. :
i) = 2 2
ii)

+ 2 2 + 4 4 + 8 8 = 1616

5
4
3

, , = , = ,
13
5
2
2
(2 + ), (2 ) .
15.

16. :
i)

20
40
60
80
= 3

ii)

10
50
80
=

17.

3
3

, :
,
4 4

2 + 2 + 2 2 = 2

71

18. :
i) 9

27
63
+ 18
= 4
1








ii) 6 66 42 78 =
16

19. :

24
272
+ 36
78
= 12
18

3
5
7
2
ii)
+ 2
+ 2
+ 2
=
16
16
16
16

3
5
7

=2
= 16
8
8
8
8
i)

20. :

3
1 + 2
2 +
,
+
4

21. :
i)

1 2 =

2
2

ii)

2
2

2
2 2
2 4
1
1
1

7
7
7

iii)
= 1

2
3


7
7
7

4
22. :

+ 4

3
8 =1

3
8

3
8
8 =7
23. :
4
4 5
+

12
12

+ 4

+ 4

24. :
i) 2
iii)

ii)

+ 2 = 3

+ 2 =

( + 15 ) ( 15 ) = 14

72

25. :
i) 2

=2

ii)

3 3 + 3 3 = 0

26. :
ii) 2

i) 2

13 7 = 0
iii) 4 + 3 2 = 0

27. :

28. :

+ 2 = 0

(75
+ ) + (105
+ ) + 2 = 1
1

+
4

=2 2

29. :
i) 5

2 2 3 = 0

ii) 1 +

0,

= 4 ,

30. :
i) 3

16 2 + 3 = 0
( , )
ii) 1 + 2 = 0,
2

31. :
i) 4

+ 2 = 1

32.

ii)

2 + 10 2

2
=
2

=2

33.

2 .

73

34.

+
2

=1

35.

+
2

+
2

=1

74

75

76