Liangqiqiao: journalism to serve the country, unify the country and throw the

foreigners (intruders?) out of the country

Chinese ideals of journalism: patriot, activist, to get Chinese voice to be heard
in the world
Italian: partisan (belongs to a particular political party)
Arab: mobilize
Germany/UK: Interface masses/leadership
Chinese ideal: select stories differently than the Anglophone ideal about
journalism
Anglophone: apply cultural bias from time to time when choosing stories
- Impartial
- Evidence based
- Distinguish fact from opinion
- Not beholden to any party
- With professional standards and altruistic
Milton, Areopagitica 1644: liberty is the condition of national greatness and
journalism is the means by which that liberty is to be assured
England Civil war->industrial revolution->William Cobbett->Russell (Creaman
War)
Anglophone journalism today:
- Special historical circumstances
- From limited media to mass media (more competition)
- Ideal of public service challenge
British media crisis:
- Blamed for cynicism about politics, low voter turnout, less political
participation
- Decreasing audiences, fierce competition
- Less fact, more entertainment
- More trust of alternative media
Solutions:
- Total privatization
- Protective public service framework (more rigid legal framework)