Handout

7.28

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes: A view from the DNA. (or Why you arent a bacterium).
Prokaryote

Eukaryote

General:
Site of Transcription
Site of DNA Replication
Site of RNA Splicing
Site of Translation
Site of Recombination

Protoplasm
Protoplasm
Rare
Protoplasm
Protoplasm

Nucleus
Nucleus
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

Circular, One Origin

No

Linear, Multiple Origins

Yes

DNA Replication:
Chromosomes
Telomeres

Replication Machinery
DNA Polymerases
DNA Pol III (Replication)
Primase
dnaG
Helicase
dnaB
Sliding Clamp
-protein
Clamp Loader
-complex
Single Stranded
DNA Binding Prot.
SSB
Polymerase Coupling

Origin Recognition
dnaA
Homologous Recombination: function in DSB repair
and genetic exchange
Strand exchange protein
DSB initiator
Transcription:
RNA Polymerases

RecA
no specific protein

DNA Pol , DNA Pol

DNA Pol /Primase
MCM proteins
PCNA
RF-C
RF-A
?
ORC
Function in DSB repair,
genetic exchange and
chromosome segragation in
meiosis.
RecA homologs (DMC1, Rad51)
Spo11

RNAP (Multiple -subunits)

RNA Pol I
RNA Pol II
RNA Pol III

Termination

Intrinsic Terminators

Poorly Understood

Core Promoter Structure

Long Distance Activation

-35 and -10 elements

Rare

TATA and Initiator

Common

(rRNA)
(mRNA)
(tRNA,
snRNA)

Handout

7.28

Handout

7.28

Translation:
Ribosomes
30S, 50S
mRNA
Polycistronic
Ribosome binding
Shine/Delgarno+AUG
Transcriptional Attenutation
Yes
Auxilliary Factors
Initiation
Elongation
Termination
RNA Splicing:

40S, 60S
Monocistronic
5 Cap+AUG
No

IF1, IF2, and IF3

eIF1, EIF2, eIF3, eIF4, eIF5
EF-Tu, EF-G, EF-Ts
eEF1a, eEF2, eEF1b
RF-1, RF-2, RF-3 eRF-1 (works with all terminators)
eRF-3
Rare
self-splicing only

Common
Spliceosome-mediated
(+ some self-splicing
especially in organelles)