CLINICAL STRATEGIES FOR BECOMING A MASTER PSYCHOTHERAPIST EDITORS, DR. WILLIAM O°DONOHUE DR. NICHOLAS A. CUMMINGS Dr. JANET L. CUMMINGS,“icon pin me pr ©) Jy ph diy om hr Sie Teli Working oguber © gow | libraries in developing count SS CONTENTS 1 Pascotherspy i not Entzely an AMC 2 Prshaberapy snot Only Somes Pochoterapy ith ap Arad» Scence, 6 [An Oulief the reise Enenatorl nto A OfPaebotherapy 7 Reterenas “10 2 ‘The Paste of Motwatonal Interviewing 20 Recommended Reading and Online Resouces 63 Key Mister Con Sead 0 Reference 32 4 Wy « Narative Approach to Pacbotorapy? $5 Seeleved Cena! Pageants esas 56 Seqeeiel incl Pacis fr Neate Pchtieny «2 SeorMlag Une, Naratons Nel in Pchoeany 8 etree M0 5 Petition of Cure and Othe Tes 72 Recognising and Dealing wih Cura Ifuenss in the Chit 74 Desig ab Reoenine sural nines mh Top Yo ferences 83 6 eterno, 93 7 Desiiion 95 Deecton and ster Auesment sues 98 ey SCs 2 ica Sates 108 Key Mitakes and Micompretensons 107 ise Stady 108 Sumpary 1 8 TiS Tenronn. staucrune or Tunney: Key Queerions Re Temporal Snr of They 115 Soe Gestion o Conse Biren: acura Therapy 16 ‘A Few Other Hints 119 ‘ {A Definition: Pains have a Right thir Resistance 129 ‘Whos Presenting What snd Why? 130 Tail Step for Wovking wth Resistance 131inerative Sires for Working wi Reiter 136 BiREa'Sectetor Dest Fou Wao roeninet 160 Reena 10 ‘Aoavable Grie Condions 157 The Borate Reomaity A Catagory lit om 160 (tion and Gre Nopanayaie Poche) Pent Reference “T64 W Definitions 167 ‘Paory an Conceptanization 170 ie Feematon Key Misahes and Macompehensons 1 (Cae Srady 18 Reena 1 12 Defnion and History of Homework in Pyshotherpy 189 ‘hwy id Connon he Pare of Homo Key Mites nd Mucompretensions 202 cate Statin 208 Referens 206 13 ackgrovad Why are ile Ncesary?_ 212 Potent) Advantages of Skis Traing Approach 214 ‘The Mor Cac Questions in Shile Tramng 218 “esincogy, Daseation and Sls Tring 219 ‘Sammary thd Conchisone 220, Referens 21 14 Gin Wrapping 225 XiTaxonomy of Tasks 226 ‘Adsisonl Considerations 25 Somnaey 236 15 ‘Theos ad Conrtetnaon 302 Koy Mister sh Mcorpeehesons 254 Summary 25816 Shortserm Dynami Prshrherapy se trans 30 nal lnc ner snd Sammary. 273 Retrente 8 17 Defining the ese 278 Thoors. Conceptunation, and Asssment 279 {nec Ca Forman "260 Ret Mike aicnsepons 246 18 Se iinahing The Tansee Though a Trae Sep 2 Rang the ntensiy ofthe Treatment Experience 295 Sip » Cima Sates for Inplcting the eroptin 8 Half Century of Experience 30 ae lost 303 References 307 19 ‘mos Auitaes (oe Misi) 310 ‘ToeSeicdal Pree 15 Inueientons for Lethal Sage 3 Patients 316 icieng atl Prso Piet 318 Scmmary 37 Relerenne 328 ‘awn fsnex 129List OF CONTRIBUTORS sta: ety of Nene Ren, Bn of tem, oss fev. Reo Dano Pn Ch. a 2, Asin Ror eh and er ‘gh MeCiagh (261), Harond Medal Shoo, Dedham, 1 2026 {Cher en 7h cd Mesa ane. A Este Ce Terclogs Renn NV 98 08Une Parhr 1, Unicity of Novas Reno, Couetng and Cre Soe, Mabon Deurnent of Pacha) an hal Sconce hee Son AN Hee 0 Satan 7) Sh! Uns, Depress New Se (31 Amern Sh of Profenanal Pacha Aro, “Ac Wetman Flown iz alos: Ane Bnd deter K, Zig 23), Mion H. Eachson Foundation, Phos AZ 88016 THE ART AND SCIENCE OF PSYCHOTHERAPY WILLIAM O'DONOHUE nner of Node neat of Neade nr of Nee oftherapy essen to optimize therapeutic ses. All too eh ea ‘oral beth peosionals have emp ooe and nesleed te her 9 ‘major mision ofthis book i t bly redress this aoe We hive roe ther books tat hate focal the seni dmeson ofthe Pychotierapeue coterie (Cummings © Cummings. 3000 Fike & 8-Donohue in press 0 Denobe Fisher & ayer 200), Mower tht ‘Scien rations neomplte n repra io producing eee poche ‘era: Income ntwotnportant ways Fast doesnt coves hoy ‘robin that not ecived can pede progres pena sotherpy, ‘ee infu. These probleme not rcogionconont a dea ‘sits ellen undermine heap. even the thea swang a ely ‘pporied treatment manual, Mover, snore, thse probes ale Dotrate Examples ofthese problems laude baling # therapete re "owsip, nding resistance consructing «cae formlton, sod. the ‘ther eh ofthe therapy time ln, terminating sppropaly,Soctad, thsenti nfrmaton often dost not fly over the “ar of “erat of ‘Sflotcae ee evdonce-bsed tecguey, (ey the munnes, te dae toe devi, te problem ahing stein when ic SEYAOSIic nos sav aaempe to bie tuphpefies pet “ester ‘Sore amas tne ea of andl these ey ies TES Stine ro examples The tsar early shows aonspecie ‘SeZapy cacame (Thomas, Werner Wikon & Murphy, 2008) However ‘Eaters weak en desig the ato easing and maintaining thes noapic. Py ey tas in therapy i ceating ad mai She’ opin ticrapete readonly. Beginang Geapats ie taco} hak that nha ive 8 sapling ie Cet. is [Sot it aa Thetsapeie reat serail ast vole cement Seance in moving the cea to aplore es they donot want To: ginne vests ate bt pera unwanted feedback draing eat boundare (parsulry ith cea Sens ach ar those with ordre personaly {feeder tough ve and a forth hs the bok Cotas 9 eager icing leat author, De Jeremy Satan, that desrbes the at of ‘er tea camp Ah ay corey ner xine {En comple lforation, sans Eoow ofthe many ways eats dene byron of te ccdtom De Nihols Cummings, 00 undestanding nd vey au Ltn tis ew, ach ppc wih each ent ened ‘Some on of catne enerprae Bounded ony hy te atts choses Sing nny posible pute it hich spontancous reactions of the ats ‘uyebothenpi are sausaly sted to emprovements i the heat Ta this ‘ow here maybe sore commonaits far a an be groped no sels ‘Neh at imprest, Badal, cube, and so\0n) 70 thats’ ‘erapeutic sys ay te at tines wouped inte “choo,” each ar Doyehotheap ementlyunige.Improstienal az pepe he [etmetapior here Sometimes teat arpunent is bsed op te uniuenes| ‘reach human (opiieg to both the sien and the terest) and the ‘lgvenen ft problems, thus attempting fo uty = aly une approach o ch cas. At other tas, the argument can be bse on te ‘{Elfaees of te momenttat each therapar ahd each chet ach ‘nome ef pirat sv he ony Song TEE cPio sensations thn teen ungunendter generation oie owe tee ar hrs major problems with this cw: lst these ic then problem im beth are ne Kno pull 0) hat otal eves ided tothe healing ete ne want. Noval aver op poison fy Tom ebog Not all estes stp acansrou tumor Nota pee 2s sop ‘Sea aida And wr ron i ne en ee fot. To think that a therapit can simply spontanously improvise and steady instantiate coe of these morte cael factors her ‘re opti or when nlking about the ol, nese nthe extreme ‘Xr probit oven it purculrthrapt arti monde ‘hare na seat problem Leth thorpi talented for al patents wih Gina bln the herapu ram excebent rts vould em 12 Ive verse odo wih ober heaps and the hen “Te coo majo pote thats mos art the majesty of 0 clad fasts ne aot al fat od I fac, pow re prety ad. For every Piss of Rembrandt or Modigien, tore te thowrande of amt anny ahh a renpang te jon concn evar of he ae Than te problem bosoms fr prohotberaps an art ow We ean js the Lake Wocbepone dam shat allke areas are above average" a all The fal problem i that poschotherapy ic pay an eanome sty (Commins at prs, We promise oar chews tha they ll ety Spree and inthe ery ne earn hem the oper emia epard: God ut pial very expense meee at st [Eu atfordale and bad ure rors Te se formala ish apy © Foschueray itt wee eticy an at. 8 dyuanalogy ba a8 aportan Fr that ot rari hans tk ba therapy eam ce Lief, Wood & ‘Sn ena tat al these reste spontaneos acs By the Heras woud ‘We ble thu ew mises he poi that there are casa eatin in ‘crap tht scence best at dacoveriag Tas ood. fete Heaps ‘must yon known cna slaontige A mesrarercn contains eer ‘ovis knoming te sei rare abot hea a ation {HS saluiy of pocholopenlateuments abo esenial Knowle Pposhoteray, ln addtio, cay tesung con ease thatthe ineren e‘af. This isimporant a ete cantor amination of ier the history of ‘nahinterenton a evens readinget ago nvspape mea show te ‘arous iogene and harmful tdci of bechcas meen Tnaly the advaotage of scenic hnowldge I tat hans es oot [Known generality. We can take formation about wht coveions sd thsvapy and tach oer to plemest hs otha many cane hed ‘There i smsthing called comin. This construct wed to extigne those who tare ditored view af since in that they oeteniont Th view overvalue scence and dace no eke limit Ses dons sot have athe aners: rds not ellyou howto love You cil does ‘ot tl you how io be humorowe It oct ao us ba She pe Cut Hempe 963), te present pitwoper of ence, has peed ak the iecleance of since for talue and ehcal dessins byt Woveat ‘pea that evokes LaPace’s demon The mom is perfec stone ‘nteligenc that knows ll he laws of ature sveryhing hee eee ee {eusiere aay sven moment, nd, moreover can cease ree ‘peed and peeison fom thera of the ner at ons arte ee {Ee ot astute that fed with stor decion, we ae abe cll ‘pon the Laplacan demon art coment, Wow bap obgh we ea ‘in? Suppose we hve to choos one of seer lematae ean an ‘hen to's and we watt to know mbich of thse we cust to line te ‘oon mould ten beable to turf any contemplated ee, wha he snsatoees would befor the future sue of he nee a ‘ow minute dtl however remot In pace and tame. Bus hang doe Fach ot the aerative courer of acon ander conten te dae ‘mould hie completed is task He would have shen ual the infor That an ideal soence might provi unde the ercumtanee Nene ould not have reseed our moral problem, for thie rales» Seon {exning which of the several alerting eof consguesen apeed ot bythe demon as atunaieto ue te bet~"which a tem we eh oe lyst aout "And the burden the deco Word we ale oe oe (sbi) jadameak ofthe vale by singling tut ne of the Seu ee, ‘rpc perso tara ep 18) The otber problem with sense view of paychotherapy ie tht i nines th stn ius pry apart andi always colin, Foose of sens ah a8 Kar Popper (1972, Pl Feyerabend (196) and Tomas ut (54 a are on ths point. Contra yotons for pense ‘eels forPonger as long a they ae flac: However the cone {ures—thesegusies—~can coe fom snr mn mith om ees ftom imagination. (See O'Donohve, 196, for ie te of sees stem cea! ppchology) The good scents hes good juoesere woo thee mates, but tere no algo tos ot the Best Msn theory This par of the at of Scenes Iadaiton, teres ao arto xpriental design. How dos one devon 0 spl, sean, but pastas sey? ems ier oo os ea A thew pilose point out that sence sa costal even or sevoltion. With th erative ats of paradigm shin. rvcaonay sen ‘ts er sins, and hee ate ender what we thought a Se ‘wha we now som and foe co he ee ‘Third, sence has revolutions that show thatthe previously acre sien were wrong. Sciense docs not ene us fal bjetne te he fall, Tut, cence must aways We then wits sai i pag ‘bebe epsemotog, bu is at should eu i acrtas beans ta respect for other points few "The phase of wen Real Foserntend bat pointed out ane ofthe ent way ih wich the hon, ef sence hss en dicovered and roted ou tvough extol, The foal problem is that those individuals who see psychotierapy ey ah soe ta se the cts sterpese of poyhetcape ey "srowly oc on pee oft. They efter fous ew inportantfises sek show do me measire this constant wah ase eror se ect ok flement For example, what should the tating oven Tote’ ee ‘ould the patie he giced and adres? Hav should the tap “roe? Hom prompt shoul he therapist be? Whet shoul he eae aymeat pols be! How shoul the hcp hanes hens ke acts ad thus pace beyond Since. hiy mu we the od ad ‘enon testes, Some his gment can Ge fom pooeses he ‘veh, al scace Ie ule on Many of ine decease pee ak omprise the shapers inthis hook were ted eco we toca ot {hey const some a the mos important roan tat mut Be nde ss peehotherepy. ‘Decohue (981 has provid mde forsextment cso in wich ll major premises are cali and form a vad deductive mips uso fr what eatmens ethode abou ewe inthis cae His ode "or desing wat eaten methods soul be ved Ios| PME acon tar are know or bypotenzed to bec A BPTI te most covalent methods and safe methods to 4 Tryin ae th at restive methods o obtala SI. 80 1 Eheai italy informed conerag emt metbods, the cost and (Soc ofthat motos, and comnts tothe ae of FL Fam. 6 Tr. a retorts orb ial tbe ators ea const, tn ODonohue's mode, treatment diesons cane wen 10 ely pon seve ttre tnd of iormaton + mpi nfrmaton concerning particu facts: For example he {lean ue sos the gous oft pateat However, here te am at {Siu (Mle & Rola 30) De th nt ely wast the Sate [Sah ats some other pol eee Carsmings & Commie, 200, [eto implt sonra n hey ave + Eran lfrmatom, Cost and ener of alternates must be ‘ined and sompatd {har profncmess ave epoteme dues regurement to know aod + Praga lnfrmaton. The heaps st determine what i practclly The hess beth pce ne sabes of seve a rt. Surgery the teat curscons ave anor the att surgery and produce beet ‘utsemes (es salle cso, ower ifort rats) ‘lito, se en rgeom hav a pent del of detery bene hey Pachotrapis aren skal the same pson Psychotherapy is bath 3 ‘Somedgeate action Thr a comtst to purl eos kek, ‘Sian eels vere tut aot una ore wih he "ute of he ‘Stt"iomoveraroundin dented ways has abo bee led etn: THs [EI he technical howedge aed osc the world All eidpes st ‘Shee eo extn pycalInwe of gravy sin, presen 0 ore ‘in Some ides th in ming Fasons the Galen Gate Beige or {hebrotve is) wien herding more andes ued out te We hing thin» good word: We Keow al plmbers Inst ol the ls of ydeaaics some sre Bete at this eat han other. ows acapella a rat from apprentice tone ‘estar heaps ve? Here ea be tine monn to change Ascurtely understanding cents moavationa tue {ot hepig than cay his an move toward ponte, healthy moatons enya mt the nt and scene o ths ve Thiriine cookbook for etishng sf working elatonsip, sme time lind sherapi ance, Mistakes abe mae nay deo. ‘Wercan tacme enmeshed ith or sents i coupe as or thomand Yor us Or we sam bet soi and itn, a id ht ou ens {ior sen, Some cnt ave eur form therapeatc bonds with tan ‘Wecten nk the hon histor —the soy of kixor ber Me Often hee stores te fascinating meting they are rage can e wel for the herp andthe cen to andertand te ches narrative. Scie fa Ine tees ong agi am nd for can reprset ses tht bath ‘he Gorse and the cont fd fl in Chopeer 4 Dr Low Parker ‘sib the et and sine of coe the pant’ arate “Cure has become an inronsngly unporan constr ite 200 century and early it century pct ex eas bane of the ‘Suny of he dpi it pony undertod (© Denote, 503). alo ‘ink be poor understood Braue ndertanding he cent a persocultural context and undertanding the purl f that clara contest iin part ap thee are so ay factor that can fe the alae the ‘gee of auimiation he degre 10 whic the problem in therapy t falural protien (Gedweting woud pet not ke: rerponding To ecm Staion may we be) All ener responding to hs probe alse in en 8 Sat Dacor anon, Chaat 3 ah hoe he ee ‘Some cents cam Be gute maple. They’ can want tins that we, aden normal reumstance wil nt provide I hive seen a iicant ‘mer af ex fener ho tre to tithe court mandated rot ‘bein therapy manipulate choose yal suchas "bly me det ony Stes th eal ptm mishandling my case" Te legal sym sated ‘se thei potent to abuse er chien; they wanted oor they ould ave this iss by Vocuing thir see ad depcsion ed ‘Soregince of thar sowiction and isirraton Inui with Some Fecsoaliy disorders canbe pase manipulative Therap hae Be “Simed that sey want to oid malpractice tat the gle mos poe. nt thing to do i Wold sexing inn with bonentee pecs “nord they can be ear genase munpulsing heaps ine cnn Ue boundaies ta Chae 6 Dre. Were and Wester ah shout he eat ‘Tere an a of teeng ow the sent scx us and how we ste cen. This “cing” cn involve both the heat ad the head Emotionally ean ve etn on the part of the eet eae ims may se eas) ‘ola lrg ete we canot sven ur demograpice, and sometinns tae cau mportant ls On te ne ne are ue ag. ons that of parent eal spouse, ad Tor Ea Chavet De. aarp ‘here is an art fo cave formblstion snd treatment pla development. Seema nae puting a epee ing ‘an: There to algorithm for ths. One cao jus Pat Some facts find hove case formulation spit out It tke udm and Seed ene Formulations tae good judgment ther is pan ase lormulton ite sem cab expe Chapter & Dr Mi Hoye coves sear ‘One of he most prevalent and dca problem isthe nts are seldom pty nour bandh” Rather, he are often roan. They ma rete wh ‘out sussetions or inezpretons. They may do the apposite of wit ‘aed cting therapy They may mit seonm, Some ate es od do oer stv tat can mate therapy more ial or erm abnge it “Accurately seing and flatly handing shen redhtance 2 key ‘herapy sh and this covered in Caaptr 9 by Dr. Nicboas Cmaminey | Chapter 10, Dr. Janet and Scholas Comings dsc the er of secneisng ad ing herapet etry pointe Therapy saualy ca Be seah ‘shaving some erie! moment The sed pehotherapa mae coe ‘vical propriate o hopin to mtrvene wih arcas Ge of pen {nd when fs notre Cumming dere tes modelo terrae ad ns these eney pointe ‘We belave we hate gen you a favor of some ofthe major problems povhotienpy tat ts hook il ates, Olle ae + The handing of meaningless ad despuic 2 The te oftmonort Thee separa {Pie or Sceptance strates 1 thea of he ‘Tae we of noel ‘The handing of eminationterspy imerrption {The handing ofthe scalp ‘manta aod who also have fnowledge and hilt othe teas wil be ‘pesor therapist compared to those wh fall ehprcally soporte ‘ecient manuals an do ot baw thse sil Although, the pone {hs fan empl cso wating experimental esting the Hype "hat the bai for the eto underaing to seme fh ook ‘We were abl to secure am amazing ara’ of master pyehothorapst ‘We ele that mich ofthe cslene of the flowing chaps nea a {he eperene tnd ihe of the group. We bane asked ech chapect tithe dares te fowing subtopics + Detinion ofthe ky consi { Dection and eter asnmen ses 5 Theory a concepaninton regarding the key contrast {ipa o ese formulation 1 Cina strtese 1 Key mistake and mitcompreensins 4 Stay In canusioa, we hope tht this ok wl bring iss nto the ra of othoterapy. We beteve that te beursics tat te povided ie ape shoul te fre ete and rele Al yyehotrapy sho oe bracts inthe contest of guaity improvement Fhe’ € O Donohue se Dos) Oot stagetions. tn minimum. are tefl sariog pots tbe Fare etn n gusty improvement procease Howercr: thee ma) bea entation to uch gua improve Some philosophers of since sc ab Harol Browa (988) and'W. VO. Que (96) sate tht pond sacssimply nove betes aden thn matic or por stint. Thilo may ihe cc wih prychomerapt Thun we hope that some of what low ay bap rete cement of psbothrapss ota, what, ens pee pa pet peer nr oot MATE Sioa ian ae Sh een Sno etter area i AO Shem 8 SUE Merce rman Prepropol for char, st, a eRe Sree see e ecko ovat A Hotce Einar i sna dn Sted Pa 3 oper: TEL bse Anolge: A ary pans: afr: Ono Univer 2 ENHANCING CLIENT MOTIVATION TO CHANGE over for Hath Care Eaton’ lo at Ca tan sented Sh ne Cove for Ahn Sane Abs an Ato App, Liki, here something pei about lens who stk with sat {Hotatd Thee cents wonk bara ey ond ta gat Heer Cure & Sanger, 200; Dittates, Gord Lepper. 202 Fae nd Moos 2103; Rararsi, Dee Ronan ib) There tmething spec shot Single Sesion of therapy tha perro wel at onae mre eat {0 erensd fll on tetment rere este neese pare ‘ho ence wentmen ttre, and proces bee oes oe ear er {Gon & Miler Ios Miler: Bendel & Tonga, 199 Boje MATCH {lent they tat (Frentine We Hilbose 198 Vale 9h). Wat do thee ‘he en's inane stags. This approac to thera founded sn {ange Calle 1981. Tis chapter provides deition of motivation = Siscrpton af bow people change, an an oie of am stereo iat hs teen empirically supported for blag people et mowed an makeMotiation ithe probability tha indviduas wil ete ita contin, sand adhere to a secs change stategy oro spect behavior a diet them toward a geal (Miler & Rolin 1901) I can involve ming = ‘Ein to make a change aswel ts Debora sep or actons tat ‘ip facie such a change. Matiation tt dynamic state tat can be Ince by ater and extra factors is highlseotive toa persons Sree ted ines fhe tonal, heaton Imposed rom the oss. “Consistent with this menor for understanding motivation, Prochaska sand DiClensnt (1982) oulied the tnpshcorsted el wich dees Sogesot change rough which indvuas ps as they mae hanes se inhale. pecontempntion, contempiason, eteamnation, aston, Seton al eSeminar hh age hy Ainge anda her wilingnes to ake ton Pig cleat in te precontemplton stages nt conden king change, Avthough this individual way expenene dates or robes eed isu of chika concer, she or he as nat yer letfed he eee se problem hat requires consderason Fr shapes frson ty copcicne 1 umber of problems relted to ashe cowumpton, suas habeore ‘natal conf, ar dicate at work witow ening atebne w problem that mart eto or aco ‘A this individual's aware ofthe prlem increas be eaters oo ‘espntion. sage thats characeroed by ambiakone, Amite Ast the expen af eet who simaltaneoway masts to connor sed ts 0 ay the same, Contemplating ents may aerate Beton ot ning the Yestons tat te shoul change and outnng ihe tone ep see hte eo alg ‘att change. Individuals in determination may Fes te makes che fen a they may not ents problems the same wage or Provider embry the abet of soho, deathly eee ‘alt, Wh nivdusten king tp tosis change: hey hase ‘ove nt the ation tage When sal scons by thc cheat eae eet {o Sunge that nda ie thi person came thous io hve enced temainenanee sage, Maintenance fan vy mesa and may ns “Sip to peous Reins Moduational inteviwing (MI) a dretve,diensentre approach for enhancing mosatan to hang by exploring an otving amibedce {Miler Rent, 2002) Tote 3s eas sne its imps ed ‘oo empiri suppor Bucks, Arkomite & Dunn 3002 Buns Ake, 1 & Menctols 2003) Type Milt wed ure bi imerveno aoa {© four soins, Honors, adptaons of Mf have ranged fem one ons ax bet ato 18 minutern meal stings es Roti, Neen Bel 192) to» manualzedfoursemon therapy fe. Preset Ate Rescarch Group, 197). The All approach fas bech tied eel cas ei in etent, op nda imgste change tbe corset ot ‘going eaten, and as an flectne vandalone intervention Te ee YearsoMI has become a widely aed treme! for pobl dakeeg ces fs aiso been adapted to promote Heth ehanor change stuns ok ter ae nang dru ase sneking, HIV tak ete. de Saal fending dabces and chrome pan oer Dunn Deseo Rivers 201 nd Miler, 1996 for reviews of te erate Ml hs empl Soppmany of thee appiations, ining the treatment of the tehavral Size Gracoel praems dog problems, diabetes adherence, byperen- ‘ePSaneeoce, dt diene, baa dary changes, eaten end SSLNaTcssune poyacal acy Burke t aly 200, 3009, Moved ‘2Sepontios teen demons for Ml inthe restment fart soking ‘Wimnhancing istry adherence shen with hyperemia (skeet a TN emphasis the asonomny of the cent and the clem’s timae sg orden coimting an owing og haan, ‘EiSpunc in sombiongn mth more ete stuctared tehnigaes Ch SSI perils wonk i collsborstion Therapie avoid the oe of ‘fori duction confrontation, or argumentation fo efsnde or osvince ‘lento changin th ni, pastor see To ave taking respons ty for ne se ofthe clon sbinelece, bon on the asin ha TENGLac for chege fy she tert nil iti chen’ advocating aay {SeSame,tsead sents ave emouraed to expense expe and tae ‘spotty forthe comfort that rol rm simultaneous} conser too ofthe cents perspective while asssing the cent in shifting hs PCpisnt with the brit iteration mol, the clint i seen a8 the etnetets for changes key sasompsion in Mis tat cles have ‘Rony eapubiies, sil apd rosary that canbe toed to est ‘ane wih minal faction ors aig ivaved in thi thy ‘Therapists oe aati to suppor cen awarenes of ther Ovs ‘celts sn resouree for change Mier apd Rosh (22) have e- ‘Sona ep dt se corto ME cesing empathy, og Intirmonov esas pat a communion of ae BES Gho"iotse hormalting the clanes ambivalence about making {hcheen Mayes Mari aad Mail (200) dese tis as the “herape [Shs gest n making sre they have understood what he cheat 308 inal efforts sha heaps makes to frase tat they ae tay ‘iMeotandng thon peapecve or some ry "Empty neues \heheraits tlre te degen the shared appresaion of the ces ences tout he we of metapnor or by redectng the emotions st ‘auy orb expt dv by the chet. -Tuescond principe fers tothe MI practioner efor incense he cents swurntr of dicta betwet he lent scurem bear and ‘For er volues, goats or more meat hopes foe the pee fare. Cheats ‘Checory and the-desfeStunion een. prompns them to cutie the ‘Site they ned o change, make plana tows hanging nd ake ting SSE coming amare of horhopes apd vas ‘The thir defining principle in MI hihlihts he importance af voiding argumentation, Woes somdering shen arene, portant hat ite cnt espiece responsi for both ies ofthe argument rearing (Shing Uy the food thinn about the stator quo sed thr reson Tor fntng change say fem the isan quo). When pte advocate ‘run for ching, cents nay eapeionts a redbtion in prtoal respon Si in fie amg Ti pea en ee ct ‘hangs Ta MI sean and argumentation ae trpeted ale a3 {Bit therapeu sates ‘hour rig wre, aig he at ‘roc, Resstonce peel sen ae 2 signal tothe thers fy Something aferen. Using am Al framework therapists meer et ‘Mhiy treet the bent momentum or spy change the le) cus say tom she are of tenstance Therapie ma se Tos Soh 8s ‘ehaconn,euming, or agreement witha wt ey cents One reasons otto chunge or wen they show vetance in ciel sting Thee tecnigaes ae outlined in Table 21 ‘The al desing priacpe of Ml underscores the importance of cen telefin ht abiy soca through wih chang ics Tose this ‘Snes tebe and conden therapist ay Inge about ines When this ‘robom ws boner (ees What war jour fete when sou mete Beg"(Sounding ay dea coe a Ton nr ae Ga Te ‘more xess) ini about ict changs the cet hat made in other domains. “You mentioned tht Sou gust smoking several yes a How sid 90 make hat chang") ng abost arse of chat or 2 newer chan (Yu meron» aay ht You cu ‘er jo wo ae gow dese to make tat ng") nd ma Sou Would Aad’ way totum down donc dene whut Nrtng snsone fines") "Terai may also share stesteps or nfomaion "Shout how oer cents have made sar changes inane lf cen) Rolie and Mir (1995) agus that teeta forthe tees jvsing Mi to understand fly, anda in stato mth he sp af the approach, rather than merely Tolling the steps and tcngocs that mae up the wetnene Atl nay to convey thea of MTS entre wih other common approashe o tokio chong. Ni sed Kotick (mn) provide tree Wok soouasing te atone stance (> principles, sae, and techniques) of Ml with te lene of fonjomaton of dna sie ang, dere aprons to Sea ior change. Thee cotrasting cements ie peenid Table 32, Some ‘port points about the bate f Mtr i hee table at MIs bcreny noneonftomtatonal, yet que dieting, spores hat “xiompts to produce change though eatag aad mobic stems ‘ne modrton rate Shan posing ange neu exc foes ‘Sateen peas sma on pr i ‘mp fn | Seraicn os rhe “cerialorae seme met To scotty na meaty ean Meat ering Apach cing ep ert ep SSoakimyentme racsds Ute acumen tole proce faformaton that wel nating ce ced Tools auned st nsasring motration Jeet nla the CERLTSGF Rhode na Change Asement Seale (URICA), he Stage 1GEhng: Resins ant Treas Eageres Scale SOCRATES), andthe iRctines Rar ersten, Merten, & Levenson, 1997, DiClmete Earbonas, Monigomery, & Hugh, 1996 McComauphy,Prosiasen, & ‘iter ie: Miler Tosgua 1990). Some tots fora on pacing the ‘iota apart stage of change wheres otbers esse anesions “hovsht tote lite the sage of change and moteaion. These dimen ‘vielen dee aman bdo PS ace ‘Send ting tape to change bis Remain Ts recommendd that Fractions mrs informal anssment com the readigs atthe Error ta econ for tore tao information The wy o He ‘ther iformton sine though atm: an be wed a prt of feted to mazes ihe cleats wade fo make change, be portance Ne Sen pass on making chang and the en's cones tat he can make ‘Sansce Tye shun might atk, "On sale of one to en. one ‘Sng sora ll important an ten being te ost tmporant, how tpi iforyou to make sanguin yor ie? When the cet pss mumber stad ite porta of change, he ein am the we his cbr pie io explore frter the imporoe the ten places on chabe ina Pot fo prope the cent to tine his teason for change IF the ‘ent were to choow ie ami fete cian could respond sain, fo, What mes tot numer vested of oe” Akan i cf cin ny enn te a toaitora sven lp thclot ben oat ad ase st ‘heme oss one een td npr, iran Tod ose rea "The Peronl Yates Card Sor ast in claniing ees fundamental sata (hi, Cde Base Matthews, Wilbouroe, 30030). Ta pal “Mimieton stent ave ak to rt 83 value cards ito thre soup ‘ey Important, portant, and no portant Chents an then De es 0 Jock touch te was feat im the er Important group co enti a8 then rant order ie five to ton vate ha are the mow mportant the ‘Although idoitying chen value i fl nul, canbe patil ‘Bip deelping disrepances betwen the ea’ cUrvent baie and Provide «cw perspective on a entenched problem bebo. "When possi tasnuments ue dened 1 neat normative fecdback ‘Tabs ecdbck tht compare the clon espnecr wih hat of he poe Popaation ow that of eleven inal populaon. The foc of these ‘Eeemens can vary ated on he uve of scl concern. Beavis mck ‘Sinks commumed, calories onramed, or sige smoked ae relate ‘Staton Lat results wit dear upper its ab demonstrable elation SBipto th cents bebavior ae ale good args for assent etback, {Uo obese unesnents ha incade Bled promure: body wht. les and Sood glosse can be dood when chents ate stapling With [pperiecnon nspetine, or dabetceAvseument feedback can so Fue om heh init, suh anormal blood premare, safe Bod sur ‘ie oren bck ioe cot nonjusntaaoncofTonstional manner ‘tats described in reser deta ne Surprisingly, MU id not grow out of «tery about Bow to motte son gow out of of te penipethae were ee ote ‘reatment hogan to pin te caren empl suppor sees, et {ba Ret (1991, 2002 sages hat Hl prduestehavoal change by ‘Seating am uncomfortable icrepacy between he ie chen wos keto feed 2st ules and gon an how the cats caver ne ‘Sssgucce othe Behavioral peony They arp hatches reo Sed to rece ths uncomfortable Sisepnnc) hm the cones! of ‘irmane telrve,spportve, and nonconrontatinaltherapete iter ‘con will do so by mung bovis changer that are consent tk ‘ho i goal an value‘ perspective sure (1) tat lent mot ‘So mt come frm win he cet at opponed to extra fren) sb ‘har te terapierhaanportant oe cing anda eat this ‘i sume that (1) lc re ambivalent bout changing her chao. (qyits semblance that keep les snmobnd 3) the primary {Ha of te thera to help cents anderstand sn resol ths tb Ios oanne ha prodanes behavioral hangs Ambalenc sous‘of sat io which ens have compaling reasons fr both changing thee [eho and not change An expe tach ambiance moa oe naval wating to sop staking to cease the quay aH enh ‘povial reasons, and ot wanting to stp bose ndings ewe one ‘hess reduction and weight cote encicheatbutestohvognercene ‘Research supports the exstene of four anderjing mechani Mi (ier ea. 1998; Miler: Vane, & Toniga, 300°; Arr lee & ‘anes 200) Fist, MI has boo shown to tlace cat repens ‘mug ntrupting,detending reasons aot 0 Shsngs) nest, Sexo ‘ies resstance bs stong relationship wih lak of hange Thi, Mt Heer shown to mas change a secon, Change atk tng 2 satcments mde by the clan tht outing chen’ om ise Sees {ee sity to change the esons to Sng, andthe ned toe saan sere Research suggest tht he Lnd of chaage wk pres coe, "esto change, which om ne Wo observable cacy Fast inrguing relationship beeen change tlk ane change bas hoon chia Thesimpleamoun! of change nik dossna predetcheees Hien eee ‘ak hat eens throughout he senson ah lads oo verbal connie {o-change ade to basa behavior change Asstaedeaer, Miss mucha sssticappronchto interacting witches to rode behavior chinge aa pete nt Of trhagucs There nt ‘uscimporantincondacting Mth te herp across ot Mit adhering tt core thevapeute peop This sen dense aso ‘at terapts can come to undcstand the amdametal secs ad eae ‘goes ofthis approach AM an tea rite ecnealy soc ace {nd comprehensive description th einai Bca the pe a ‘apc However, iishopal tht the norton ined bere ail peo the bass for fh implementation ofthe has prem, Reale a oe ‘purged to refer tothe more cmpeshense datacom ft sete lined nh osendd veangs aston cocina of coon Thc ese tsk of the thera in MT ito engage in Yer pei is of {avons tht wil enkance cent” oie mation to tale semis ‘anaes an factate chen eanaatin ofthat motion into chaser ‘eid behaviors. Team be ual thin of te ps of ak oem pie et thought of as focused o baling motion o change; wits the second pss as fcaed on strengthening comment to change rad mating pin for change Pau one casio ete poving hone eae [sonal norma lends on tht tehaior ands commoner Dating bh pass of Mt the therapisopnesinspeictehavon to hap theclent to entity and reste hr or her sve about change. The behaviors type incase sheng and rennin wlemouraney see iets hough aking open-ended gustons seni chess neta ling an arming the dent (er & Relinc MN Rainey & Ml, 1995, Ashine Opn-tded Questions InN. te therapist wort help the cent ety iso he esos for east making cbunge the tpt baboon casing Spee REST Mladen bo ta the pent am bei fo sert hs o hexom rei'tod ve fos wahoaw sane ovard one of she enggenen eee: cet gcc where rion fed ord won 1eeee Spain's meaty tions devper exploration of he wet ‘Shnraramark lr some tenets ay be he eu of the patents CASEI how the teri respond ad sb for Oe SEUSS Ghnore ine mvovlonce from an ciate stance eg. Ti ech yout cing the tops. Do you have any see of what make Sees ak aboot hat Toe menoned™) Ih cuer insane the Aree be atetyted tote patente doubs or elle. td SSNS Fone trap to drawtbe patent sation so he wa a sarc win whch eo he shift at a sae of sel citcinn when Begining to contact THEREhc fedings Thon the shasan can elp the patent rae the ‘Selene sss confor haven to deren parte of the salt Typly | ‘ern hte wi toe explora of enh patsy fOncone ‘Mente sdepening of te eaploration a he othe. ‘Dralog nih ontontton repears ote bigchallenge or therapists anita asoue lethorn of meat set acne aie Sach [See wand bees one cum sre, Akin to the othr model he ‘nestage indeted by thesstence st marker, nhs canes confront st putter In working tora erluen he proces of sagbcdang Incl sage and ater exteting once rm the vious ci of ‘nthe puta out the iret srugel hey tact for dnembedding. TERE Fitter very important for he therap toteknowledp so et ‘Sem contribution tote iteration whe commtening on the experience ‘Sines mutalsrgaie For cxample a therapist mighty, "Te fees ie you init are ia poser srugpe Mebt now, with me tying to hold 300 ‘Shonahie for your frstatons mith thrapy. aad Sou eying to the [Simone the explct suai othe stvgle byte therapist series ‘Number of npertant poe Hrstblshes the heaps’ own ere {puss rcs disembods mor her tom te eational eesetent hie ‘foviingdsunce tra the emotional experiance ofthe tal stack reves the patent wh fsb, an sate balp he pater sted REA ot teractions pce demands are made more expt BY Pmrecmmenicting show he interaction rather tan spl eating oF ‘Mthoring trait cao teuly bop the damon of what tly ng on inthe ntact snd he splorion of the parton contra ‘Bovng exporton,the therapist tak sto esate he ances of the pnts prepions The exploration here shoul focus 9 thse x eis ta on es oan, tn tae “hespowtncot tt est ay aid ocepenble and tolerable before the ‘to suploe primary years that ure more vlna nace Tis ‘Hen help for nap to askoowtadpe tr owm comtbuton fo the ‘adona matt. So as patents arcu the nanos of heir perepons Thespatsbepin wo ndertand them fom an meroal pot of Ftrence ‘Who his happen tey are ey to tae things personaly and lx bay to respond fess. AC the same tine, pons been to Undead ad ated, a soe ofthe pen fury abd fpe sat ‘Spe Daring the rose ofcdaemocddng and exploring thelr Consaa Paseo may expres gut or amity about he xpi atkuation of ‘or anger ane ou. “Ths ele nso dance nw he xpress. "tpeion an hen anit ound the arm the ele have iedgs ung in hat en yt ari aged feng ety about ther expresion a host. Ir very ws or rap inet tack the cls of ths avoidance of agaveson, ad lp. pats insome aware ofthe intra processes that lad to hem bie fps is cher cane things move a8 ower level of explain of aden ‘ier tat are mon vulnerable oat To some cases pate will engages an avounce of vrais that wl eptat's withrawal rom vlna fling nt ore fa at ‘tteton tothe shit For example the therspst mip oy "My ene that you begin to cont some sda tee snd thn sei eid a 2 harder or ore apresive stance Dh sou bave soy swarenes oth If the patient able fo become sare ofthe shift he heap cathe ‘explore his ot ber ternal proceaser Oy aking, Any sane of whet west fo se Just before te shit took plas” This pe of sgury ele the fun caltetc an swarenes of hs OF hero topes forse oF fr setrstats, Processing mnraby often the fal sige of ting Derby, andthe experience of balg verabie wh he heaps ks Plas, the need to defend apnion essen. Uinta sad eal the Fees wl sist, and with he fegueney aad inte Of convo eli ave ida eg inercion ot nd ans Fopare eshaton cap take plas overs aur of setons, As we ss {nthe nex section, resting there proces 4 steer cnn ed {0 greater are negotston, whch sore of an caging cer cones Throughout the years we hae nied certain common mistakes tha ‘erpists make en attempting to implement our model: Often are ‘wil daconins the ressution prose ta aa! metocormunsetion {ot ell ciel There off a noluble sucance fo Pure pee ‘olution exptiy because of feat tat th wit eopando te lane. is crcl that therapists expect olution ata ofa to more Sisay a oi ha wal rhe aggrvate he ans tread pepe mtn whan (Rites ae tit oe pono nw ep oat amare cat whe ee Shia ene inser aerate eae em eh ry Ses i pat ate a eect rw nt eae gata Eis aae mean raga sectnneritrcnl ist trees Serie sama eee oer ny rg eerste ‘experience is greatly dioinished. me So onal ‘et rr ec np ceca ni tn ete Soe GemenOnena neers Fen lan ane ce acer we view all ena mistakes es opprtnies for fart ldestaning of how they aos, the paints and therapists cones [ee mstaks, and he patents an era separa hare ‘chow suk, ther frther entrenched ns testa asso ee "shoved from the relaonsip Often terpis newts sence Sees ical ting rupres edly have mare diealy tebe we a TES Benton ie ho bey therspins nepoate ee ne eet Seu wit bane nh eltnsip ath be ae “ Mach o oar works bout the momen-t-momentintrston beawsen epi ans peta ne a as hey ence ty oes ae ‘ibe mow aie or wt pve ca nc eeemcacommncaon and the rope reoltion proses at work. Te (OF TGS Eeotd tamer of segment oa eson tat bean wih ee tod woman who sought teatnent been of «gel suck esto et Means ical maintaining a Toner = 1h Arie ur of te ston se aounces that ber work schedle ‘Rar nd nl be alt for er ‘o sede regular appoint abe hatte scat eer amt hr eee TFEEURE pis a noo and demanding fusion, The epi fe ‘reo her tnliing i's Sippat nd rly rates mer, When eS Mita cout sgt ty names of heaps who might be ble [2a.SiMimodate ta seo beter he repos “ean probably come oP ‘Sy ome a tno i the folowing spent the Uap deb nt {Tess im ait urons and in fake by surgi, Besune neo We ‘itch you were sme that Sou mere gong fo be starting 2 08 Wash Gt isnt know cuaay what my seedule wou be {Tasting so goon or Jou? TAREE cot hat would you do you were in my station? ‘Math oly dong wha ight. right for me, anyway. Tin wondering wnat ging on for 90 ie Tn wondering what Sour thing regener etre ke being Kind of withboing with 08 ‘lw shi mits your expec tl Yeah tren ie Ee are yov'e ey ping me what Freed. Maybe tat mas {he ut soon el “Ato he hrs wa inal seven am ensiment wih Liat aera ee eet with eat. bes eventual a fot TRICE Mfot fete han tat he ie beng withoing TS ima cenn tnd Lis appears assured enough (0 201) 1 ‘een about eng ciated oy her experiences n he prior son ‘Seogey temas parse farther eadersanding of the ston, Tse ‘Sunbticius hats felg fasted in he heap; whic eds oe SEARS caster wondering if she i vealy ig ties SEEISENE, My ie desert te read mow expen, Lisa ates SN ac at She ving “ati rast bat age Pm ea aan Thus attement am tarp of quaited everon os st Hee cutee oe self sutenem, vere, when whe 1expor. da} i 3 ! i Acree no yourratnie mort ‘Wei mould wae to sy someting that you too the wrons way. ‘hath happen 1 wok te wrong way TES om ke eee. ‘And wat took psooaly? ‘tite hut your eins Gong pause andthe pase looks pense) [Anyone of whit you eens gh om acting bron stexprsion for ea hat ie wight be are i ‘Geary tar at coneron to her tarps Put moter Wor, SS ne i th ec rae Ben ey res ean us F-tebuk can you put some of your etn foto word? 1 Miya havgo wr atta feo eam roe ocdnng pore, Why i a i avge gogo hse rede: Inens fg I wat sou to th me wha odo ‘Gian So Tim pong Io of in undeatandng what yout asin, Ota ‘hart ging on wha locking eo dag wi naa 10 6, oF fom being mos bappy and contented.” [Ando of “I wat you tot me or how mein 8 way ikea ean you ays ite more? {scaly want to bear wit you hae 10s. mean I've given yu the fate ani I gat ou Know wat my inh ae gues f want Sou 1S trap sand tll peut you snk (At sh po Ls makes an inate were wits ber and) | 1 (the thereat or the pers) Whoo OV make that gestae, wat Ltd’ hin fs kei your show or something {F Otap the basin your court sounds tke els ke 1 keep lig nalts jor ena her tan ey ine rpesyring the cour ofthis exploration Lis has goten ose and cloe o ‘uy ange and frustration with ber therapist. Het spl communion Sesialy becomes exp, “Help me" and “Tell me what to do" Ese {ooking or Conte guidance, od the theapat able oar ae in he comoving fresraton as he keep earings pons oa ("1 Kep nating ie bal ack mn ourcour®) Moments nr Lis compres ‘hs lemma wih one a chides when ssking Bel Hows Soe ‘You're aide Besant. ile sty maybe, you Kw tascre soot ‘tn shou hey bei ou?” What Being to serge fom ths mternton {Las udessing nea for nurturance. Aste estnent continued ecg lever that his wish has bean cae by Liss Bsn aa song ad shandonment, an expectation that the ered het nish for mastnace ‘he Would be dsppointed. This wana Heine perp! velinos ‘etncen rent comlince and inet demands for nisrases iis cise highghts 4 number Of Girt aspects fn ork. The refine part ofthe hefe-and-now prose athe ace of rece ‘tance to omit to a eatment sche faced teh re ‘er co macnn te pee, {hs witha ropure. which ended with he paint more suing Sent and begining to develop an avarens of te diferent opal Mie components tat infaouehe tonal esa ‘The therapevie alance i «Rey ingredient of therapeutic change and ‘rowth Lika tionships, the therapeu sats hes work and ormplicated {sn ongoing push and pal of ach prsan's om nee ad ‘es Both therapist and patent embark om te Weatment with ee oe ‘omits afeive belies td expectations aout other, These eho interact at ach member of the therapete dyad conibutes tt oo ‘hol sl tothe lane, What Yes an incralecsee frees oe We’ belive that this ongoing pegoition proses es at the ore of therapestic change: Whe a therapists commited wealatings peteary Seelto or nt ry though natn ot oe SSS ett iets enlron ater. They len to egotate agen ves Pelt tess ih am cine awareness, deally without Ue deeasne posse et eas From ving usvowed needs By sing meiacommmuntation ts tee pesca femoris an encourages indus ti case 0 opens obing| inthe preset while nthe presence of another focus be te hae Sow proces odes th patient wt fedack about i ieacean aes ‘oom, the ony retioshp i an adios! teament for sae eed Inerpenonal ats exis By stending to ronal dete picks set metre mah ad easing lope wit pict aft er so td we hope to stnite pros of lf Sncoery and ie ‘eurenes tha ieads 0 a hit inte Selonsip wae ans was SOT Bs Soot cecoeenoane en uae oT Sea? SAME SN, paaurmemmemeserrn smi me ar or vara Roce fe ‘Shifrin eos Papers ie sal sate eg ee a {=i eset eer of Pcs) Pann FE ee sin TB iar coors eresig or ea 2 mn “hcl pes toe py. New Yo Be = NARRATIVE PSYCHOTHERAPY AS EFFECTIVE STORY-MAKING AN INTRODUCTION 1 oe bt et ab ei ef ae Thermos istintve etre ofthe process we cal scotia uae iy woman, expec ts Guy of oat-arlmann Ve ths eno (Fh acca in much fhe eatre Gen a inteyou se eaten tacupte poctrpyssarratve quay 2 wllas oe Heenan pnt ow: Dead Robin (995)cis "> phenomenon ‘Shears insry aot theory a search of supp” 9 ‘he sinplest answer tothisqusion stat cetscome into poxtoterapy ee NE rcs However domed thee stores muy be HOWE SEBJNls Seetionn or however port they may De worded, th oe ce a ehch chats made Another ansne ht caret ng and Keates ne humans aly eos expan ae eect how we fncion win he ere, prose ty fa he‘olson of pcg an br moden ers doth sae Maeve, tinny ftsmajor concepts Feud, ing Lame anda, omenion sige ‘ud thorough tackroundsntbehumaties, om whntboraetee ae ‘eure seas th race Sllanctheranswerta ereea ere arate approach to eychotherapy ith te ciel ean ee nly thos of oraseralnaratian-~the eldest ofthe Hey ee ‘ary applzabie to he practice af Werap, wh ets rea spaces forall muretion. Ie oral becuse the moves depends eo ee [change indica baa whaie spe asin net eal ish Si tt toy of knowledge io cnetaly untapped im eters ete, ‘yctology. What mipht we lam ime tapped ieee cleo te ‘Bh i apt, bth concepusiy and praca tothe prose oh acai notions of psychotherapy are of cours, far fom new. In| moder pachoogy they began with Fist T9196 ea ake ed the sey progrision within Sopboctr drama, Order Res ‘logue to what takes place poctounaae Fontes Peek ee ‘Schner(98h disused aration Se part a the prchooety efonse eens Donakd Spence (9) propose that peschcamalya ioe ease, {3s serch for nr, a opponed tohisonca tat Comer hey Jungian or anata perpostve, Tae Hin tins) ened Sais oo of story making thay. Later, Thendore Seb oe and Kal Scheie 1998) prseate ering contest cogttne Road ‘soto of native pcheteraps-Sarhin om the pecpestne other ondic and Scie rom that of dram Ina to cps net ip the annals of prshotogy and erature’ one that empiaons ie ea ‘son-making pres and thus, the storys hoon of pachoneeya snd another thi expats te inant of tres on ouainete es (oe Parker: 189) These phe ae by 80 meats aye bat he approsch resented here lacorperats aspect ttm all hee author, rising heptane eqs: pags on at procs, but oni ae. Beyond this eny cr fom cane, ph elk a ry tals, as wells fom the langues ot Men eae od oa narration Tar conceptual and depuve aplcatenr Sie ‘5 of sory-making, My prfeeace To he term erste et ‘o nara based on the spe at a it mre accuse) dee he ‘etal acthiy weal pchovherapy Is 0 toms ewe agg ‘retin fton, Quite the contra! Indeo. we ae engaged ithe meh Iessigflpoiesona acta possible: tht of seking to Sin the tne Imre th (ne ofthe ereinalmesnings ofthe erm yt tat ay ‘longs fo4 sven ie. Tht ime meds ps ath —ntbe mae ase seni 0 that wordenices the chothersper or malin "SEL wl slo moving our chen Iives ort 1 wat follows, I sal et propose a conepial famenork fr this on he describe various ea! pac ta iow nt exusne, {ply wn tht proposes framewors Fiat ths non wits Se sontex of neght, which eos, wha ie cone! of eur modes worth where an smospore of fragconton sad darepet for hater ‘te ory eh sce now Yo preva My emp hrghoet il bes oryaaking at an etre espero phonons proces nd wl be Tiedt individual, one-one pgshoterayy sc 9 both couples tnd goup Dechotkerapy present 2 ures dynamics that bo teen the stone oh chapter (ven though they, cm he deus ec ‘ye slrymnbng). The posts sce te equves prton Poxh tints and therapists I i apron cas fl Parpaton fe ges sething fom mii wel as fom oto, nef both cent tn erapih Aad phenomenolgcl a tha ths seine mfr wo ‘er ou worl dierent. Moreen ny exhale one soe ele * opposed to any gen thar, hese Tain ta he try a he {Gente proces that aslo altough crtiny ube le dco td {xplanaon, have teen sitorted fr soe iene apport of sme shes toon In the spring of 1953, M, H. Abrams (19S, 6 ound the laments of "ea etm, showing iat ie wrt he coat focsthe as ‘Spline ht there ws sil fort net sn tat oft wee (0935p. 184 eth coors of the orl styling peformanc Ina tempt sow the dynamics of interactions bern at ong te ea Setter dc, an heii ch pena hs Mote eceiy. Stephen Revoman (perrnalcoicton, Septet 20) ciara forme his notion oft eenne proves ee through {be varios relaonsips between soe mth tne ory dered rom tat "yh he perception ofan ann retlig the sry of that my the aodserceptlons of ments of an audience witnesing that story, ad bow al ‘Ffetns hove bo art snd naan) re ered thrush not hy Fack portkinas’s “seo and expense” Ot ow they are SEELSC Tuberous “the sos ues tnd eon of he ay Thus, ‘Ronen ny gen stry deve rom acoremeh potable any ve praming upon thee virtue scheme for a conrtion of pohotterany ssstrymaing we hve ft the sor (or pote tex?) ad or ead Syke nt the le or primar hor sling or eeling er Soy ‘nthe ep nay tous) ening te he tory ad oben owt ol and Bale unter wht is tes ae, which Tecodes wot ely te terapenc tng. bt ae Bertman woul have all Tie Spates apd cnpeence of bone Shent nthe eras as well orcton ferwemandamane thee tad part connate lk to HOw any ‘oy eventual cated “The comple) ofthe sasion jot t be andere, specially eae uy mo sn saan il Poa he te artiuapn are sane on pro eter Hsving ao ecogtrel hs ‘Shou now san os etl ao about the task of psychotherapy? ‘Mo tat a cane cae oo be terapet, trymaking proces Wi) nee conden! Lat a ean ih the 0. In the sation seme, a story has a begining. mide, and an end ssh sy ie commu ao tht cosinaty seal revoles rand Rests taken, however saw he mny bet eve tome cont Sthan'the hero ov besine corny ada hie or eral Winn tht hia) ao em’ be cara pao of har ecrpied by the ‘Sovmen ay storys gen aude, The variations on this ase hee stati ae sey pocomerapat who as practiced more than 4 fe {Eau ont oor tps, We Get he {envand of how thy impinge upon te stones Hed ding tery. A Though neining hea esgmising that he tory Deng hears ave inc enies athe mating we must verdes ects on the Oe a an ‘ing leon of eur on sono Bear upon fe Fven thou Ou! ‘ears sry ow pinay Fess and St presunbly the one that we se ‘Seti lp remake, we navondably become par of at sof, 8 any SEQ Shey esc punta ou, For te fom that reationsip Se tecwecn to people and beeen their two vohing sori that another, ‘Scan ne bopefUly emeres one thats pata forthe et, citar therap aoe o ich we deny. BUL et, ha felon Ship sddssonally impr bonding tha ocd 3 Jn endeavor of ‘iby naking sn enosnor tat eno uke that rest Between 8 "eGo you may, how can we eer Koow the whois ry of OO cent Te {Sines one seson of a feng tld ay but beens most Frocbothrpy m today's word where lime sonsons are regulated [trans sompane, cums eneatsly om epsoses om tbr conten, Matar ena the pot The precip that he enc of narsaon ‘Spey thew of ar-anel aration have more wo ort ths process {Bim we hae ye acknowledged fetng or sonfonng them whats ngortant 0 ter aad, Roptll a they mould tke to change: Or fom ths perspec thy reveal what tt ‘then who ave fpf or mpodig ther efforts to mae ther ory 2 ‘Sisbins oes And ins domo they present tote terapit te retest oon pena a gh ostinato oh Uheend of sion Ta) "Thank ou fo coming.” or "Thank you for ‘Saring wih me” Bu hats the wa foray beatae T 190 ‘xeognze that our eens are here trough courage or desperation to (ust ws ‘Ship ta someon Senter her wm pate slay now nro That low eto sy anther wy. fo the Hor of Gresk matolee. = ‘not acceptable Yo be within the ety—tht i, he or she wasn outcast. Such {tthe tony of Goda Coto such wa ats the ory of Proms But microns Onpa the lng fir ry by Soph Know {as having evenly Brow in pc wm, roca forever emai ‘more important, how many of our ebents i today’s world are outside theEo meaoner emg Sa ais came secncame (Rin ah yn ae a a ha ane a ie es porn Taeroceaeaccee 2 eee Akough 1 never saw hin again, sil fel his pai, his fing of ot belonung anywhere. T can only ope that our Bre ensunte Ste ‘te, helped him Bn is way ck ae he Fates 1a response to cents, respon 1 howe who fel they af ote se ‘teat at anetons se good sae ene ho aly Sa cel von obser, aod poise for loon, oe who sree “The Quay of Engagement ith the progesion of cents om the sate, excel That-and ths 9 6 eye must be smal prcten to ie whol ene tat ecm fut ies, preset in a way that Bo movie cold cer comand. To Se hod tobe = tee xen antag at se aad {Ssimilo thisew experienc of wor-making Or to put another ato ‘eenzased and een meno olen with our hear ap wel ss eds Acsnly Latoing : Ropers" (961) clencconered heap tmpaiy, umes fos 1 i i sep, and aceplanes both for sent and fr once. Bat trai ‘undo he or-erlnorre pan gn lay ag ad thas, te abity to lten eth sl another ony om tee tear the content beng reported and the emotons at seeps oe cone te) tc eg a ey ‘Staten however re maybe te sary ene te Wa ge inci it herp rom te pean pay steno Sry centre metaphors imagen ad tee a eee ‘ntbat anuage, aod atin abo (the oe used bp eens oes a ein dei. ove, as se here mca beh te eee tas She tne for narune Tobe sus the aly oes ee ‘nee seme proce, but i sn hats ears Thee eee setae athe ped by ncn solos nor citer —nene {shined memory and ons ota wath salu eae ‘taraee Gon besog8 2. (Cea and Interven servations SSE Nicer peat ene (Semen nce Bato net cee ie mtn ‘Shoat hoe ome nt stn nes bee tt Soman tarpon SoS cola amt us oh men Se ghatote mvt mites expen aye(oe, emotions that comets with those feo 0d ‘puesto of SSrmpaning th ay im hich the stony 8 od Poked for Pscotherapeat Dials ‘aioe sori eve ates om Pata he Boo of J Act strane Bur what doc daopue mea in the poet Pr air has to pars: he ist ofthese (dl), slat by De sich Seman, casi (nate ema Octber 28, 208) comes 20, eee Grcet wuts two bu from the Grek prepontion tht means ea etc whens tesco part opt) means contain SEES ha a Bvt sxiaine, slut "would erally be Seiad in ochomerapy, hs talking Aro” 8 le ‘ult King nat desebes fea proces of sore-making, For faite rps neo ne te Soop sf a Mae BESTAONPSStna the hw natn herein Both Domo sod ca Peesra ow beeen fo pope who recap cach othe at a Tow, 0038 eet hans ne dom able epzae te therapt in hs manner. re rapt modeling rach lope, they to, eventual ete eee Spam a uo. Inesd bo hs happens = S| ‘Minuiat icy moving toward effectvnes ut we he si ta he therapist me Be pote for dog, Te saute ache prim sratre& moet comes wen for enchange bein moment sb he ace Tat jo Oi oun the fol of mara aed endnce tl apply # al ern om Soa eens, To hve ser ‘itu! the other try fetes an impossible voi. What, then are some elements of that silogue cat might fetes inte pn rp nica ets ah hE er cata toe preceed wih Gace, however paral, 1008 Eo star the pole he iv presented he cha’ Ary, an cher hone of ory makin sshebina a “To ramabe «sory, Ft lt in another way, bot nt ad teri mun in develop sre arene of wht the toy They man Sie 23 nrtandng of what conta iray, apples, both eurety sd sor {ify Each tae follows ince ure of eto, eae the arent Tine awe ate opel airy fee abou ay capo sce ei raciigaie mi Getahis ewe a Salas Wegenetinmemrinnnt canes Seige nine rey dey eat Litas eat rates a hate Spenser ta Sie ae" eu actigeareen™ septa meme ony Speiae Gia amieersrnce See crate marist serteae ec Spire er area ease Sp insoginc a? doer chcumnaret ‘efceus a client's atention 20 that something other than the shadows can 5 Sneed, mind he Sinton tte“an some heaps in a never never an, unable ene ie ti ichet len’ istores, Doth developmental nd beyond, te meses inte ‘alto the lorymating proses From such historia! formation we Sten ind soot for any paterns now being eoaced, What noose be {own developmentally volver he hans als sory: What suppartine felons i any, ahd e or abe experience whie plowing up What ‘tana sets occurred, and at wht age? What mesg nee reer {fom family members wh epect 1h: bel Wha Kind ian ‘he acvite di he ent emgage im nea eld? Which wee io et favotte childhood snes? Anda aly are cutventy beng ma {sina Although coch story is diferent, te tee of this teal inexhaustible This fly hisory tl oe pret del aout the sory fare the making 6 well sy connection Betws tat Sa) nd ‘What pees fo be bnown beyond the devlopmental story invles what has hsppened since te cent ie home: What eaonshipe, Fay, ha ot futventysiglicam ix bi or her what work ore acne ben of iterest” What dreams have teen abwaoned pera? Wit “sare arene el ‘Mast of thr information ane sind simply by asking the sight ‘quetons as wou happenin any p08 alg fa ac such ueseets ‘Se nn a ees mg ring thei Gvelopmental years espe thove that have be erm ied thow ta date behaviors that ready eee fate ters Ty this "pin D. Langs (972) atin o mapping ele 29 mapping, Lan ‘ea those menage that chilren cee that el hey whe teh ea ‘Mini expectd of them ~-mesnge sucht "Vow ae tke our ale St messages, Delve a eve io pater of haa that wee {tat characterize given if, an image exrcaereodaced by Akt Asch {let fo sce both parents not of Hobe, hen tk he let ota fier parents nei clove rosy or ro ike hing ps ‘stor Thwn ak hm of ber to lok int tat parents eps tos What ‘snags wore esved fom those ees Once tat map is fen pore. “acessdmnaaay ask the ent to epic it wih the other parent ae and repeat he ame {testis Ths eer often evokes 4 reat del of caleen eee ctu such messes may stl be pina ba beste a oe oh = ghasnoideng th ew rata " ‘Once mesags have been die, we then mus explore jst how hey sash ou cette they ae nes oe ice ty ample, asoltely imperative that we events Sepa Bee ter move rafal mesiager thane tat can ak intense pene tetany and st our clinton more produce pa of ohana Depending om how insned such meses tne so, the deat ‘amas, chien often find other souses af nesting! One ofthese eS a So tr cn eae aa opps st ana they bt aout ie, and want wavs he found osace e eee ee momen me Seas Rac ssycuortineart tic soma sled thments ltough aot exhaust may te teh Ree estos icraeeatnal fate alng step se oetntscrininte Characters Tihs of fampebiatn an agin oh oy of Phe and sicnteAhe yon ldo wn say bet apes ree seh oe perp We sing ever a ai. ete Rhee vee lly nreen e evets ta lls, ernsaateray a fen have sin tuations where cents en to swan aoe prs carer noi he ok apd Py er 1 {Setsfucteliy ori thea fo rake mae at hee simi tne respon ace Guewhre trod there Pc, 1988p. 130 SESE ult cote eee no he ory-ang prose eee ate ony acknomese tat ay reetion wa ave Tethane 28 thar ur core: however ect ay Be sa, ‘Deine capeon ergenerational fear, 1 reer fo the histo of A ane Ehnhe cents tami who have npings pos RSS ass geal Keown pret fen come ot poorly e Silcapy But toe tbe stony mane. ew pespeaive & aed EPSROMT PY ners a have hr ste amd mans of tem wee aly Shing the very test ty coud ven her own human Feiatins, This SOP Sse aon ate int oy hse fl rou SLES folok throu the es hirpaens ow yes, and 9 0 dng {eof ergencatonal sues tat mph somehow explain wa Dap pened ever fn 0 ". nny fu fn Willa George Fonda's (2. pp. 4-35) The 1c Esti at somesinspraprase for thos ents wh ae Aare a ned waht atures at parparase ows something EPSP he Som cent, ops were tipped by caine tem together 2 Eatlormning them oti oan: One ach ipo wn Ds Seine oer shan we rm cao hs ‘Beste eh i ed ti ne me al ve titans pin, Sens ually expres agzemont) Howeet, 50 te aie (A Reps vere pote lover the ocean by atte eet SRELEnVoltthen rhe charting of he caret for te rt tine ver So "Mihm We snpy cannot now sometimes Gventhat tn en we soins tie ater a aie oy. eal hei ey were feed ‘Suze for cumple are simp sen a asides the ame oui ita Moments ‘Sometimes nif, even sont in paychotherapy we experince si em naga tat, scomingly soming fom nowhere, ge us pacino our ‘oean beretofve were Gaavaible ows Such glimpses fen tel ot ‘ovatout te pu, br tlh someting about the farare ae well Where ‘Riga ites come from? And how might they be scosed ore red for Poxhosberepy?| Powe ofcourse, have always known about this dep reservoir within “7 § Bln (198, p14) refered tka aon” inveing "perception, to only of he pasthest of he pas bat of fu present” Stephen Braman [Soop desea ar tha pose hat the Oreck cape Stan chose {crt hate The Disws Throne Tat peo Berman expats emboses Spenment feaen the wind he eles. the mest hi sum op shir pone tfor and pins owhat nyttoctne= And, Sly Coed In'Abrane 1938p. 13) deeibed sich moment at "tetmatons’the "Kesotding io thse author, sch gmp into our Ives encompass ll stat hes gone tres someihing of wat may yoo Sach ampos ‘hen ae ese to this eseing pros: But how in sok 2 busy Seger: ene "Te wy Lavegn tote to our own dee howshs, those hove red within the esses of mind eat and Sul tat ll ur what tly Inport ts may e bo jst show dows and te, baa my ‘Ryoven, sich smpser come st such od, unexpected momen at Fazer we mut practice not patung the aie, but practi nse, Iestnng to or wn despr sir we move hugh the ry of our ee ‘Orc ths leno ety a word where ule demands snd sr ‘Pei tanto tho Inhale to inform her beter ‘Snes armel athe wor yond ‘sort ete fr efecve stremabing They ean somes et os se ‘ur pares for whom they zealy were or open ot ees fo the SEY ‘Sarkar ava yood what ecology make ws fale, or ze tbe ope ate aeded tosh something that was begun Yong a, or Po ‘Sr ner sar tesomer tne to the erations ie. we be ale {oil our stones im mote suufyag wage and, nar, an ox centee eee Spear heen ee Lassa econe emma Sgrank boreao ace ce Reco aes ee eee cnr SESS cy coresmntearom mentees tenet me Iwona hand ba ams en foe ae ee Eziee ohne Shea Eire ‘ter ny ara esha dppton Thaker apa oooh, See aS eee ts er many years ag, il think oer hk of sory 1 er, most therapeu stories remind for therapists But hat doesnot ean that pephotherapy dacs aot have seat del somo it eter sory-making endesore tndest does That the soy Neb ‘tld ata tne of some tnviduas sr rues both ler td at uence, and ht thistle td sdsnce st topes engage in We ‘kenig ndeavr sem cvs, What do ut se obicu ete cles ‘hat the anerse i which ll hi takes pase might have ont pees ‘Those fects Isggest are closely rested fo the mei of the sarang triton in poyebetberepy tl Hecase that narrate aiton fb dfn, radon, apd becaie salons ry deve fdas wrong en Consider the following fests of two therapists: aes or ears pray ton Ins nmi of ess Tice toe ne Spent a et dui tne pace rp Te Regain of cial premtation, htop rnsamlp pees slot and therapist does ot ance ie wach Even inoue Smportanchstneal Information (eg detlopmeatal, roa inet ‘Sonal, vocational and payehatic), adi seat ifortion at he ‘ed heurstally wo sat the hypothe Teng proce about cet inkl prsentation, In addon, the Rypothews testing pros sie zc b ctrl charctrstin preset in te heap The she ad Uhraptt ineact on a Background of hitrkal, school, end ea ‘M"Atough Rion! and scipotiica inns on therapy ave ten secognzed, cultura infucnces hive rived peat chel ahd reer lteton daring the st 20 year ‘The pronsty ain of ths chap ‘eve dierent wrms bed te denribe and define clara infers i he Pychotherapy context The seendary sim ofthis chapter to Tove ‘het eratur of cen curl aucoes so herait cal nba that impact the poehotherapeutie flop The ovals of he Cio celal cmp ns ctl ar ‘Tete manayenen fears dive eas ein of car an ted ters cael, Digan (9) des ‘tre the share oc experiences o's roup dine cmt haf inanormorphological or rac baracterits”(p. 21 Examplesofth ‘gprot ctrl grouping ince Aca: Anertany, auaseAceeis as Flnit Canaan. A more ea dein pave by Hee ay i, tin cle fer “al te ered behavior ole nes ces ote a iid ty 8 our ‘of prone psa on fom er mea enor ‘ber a ati pat to prs the pou” (p55) Teel ak ‘ocsl anes fre are nphansed ae than gual eae ee ‘eis flr to he historical and car puters an eae aes (Beuncoar & Lopes 1393). na hows aon, comity mae SSE oy ta nd a en ha An Noe <£ Son, 193). Human diva refers to rupee Hace ee Stent (Royse 2008) The cade pina secaccanens a Isipon, re cnc, repiomltens orp sal eneniog ed oe iy sats All the tors shapes he's and a ieragce aenig ‘eaten. aes and bts shoul be undersea cheney (eee ie alr, rae etn, abd dry somewias ae ‘iy. Th omcines make alo eoableh conan ek site wing thse tm. In ato, shew ease ne nes coe Inde cs an hey ean create awlvandons oe dicomioa te aea sles, nd ecrcherOwrl when compared wth re tnd an ia a. morgane evened oa ‘mute womprebensie ints on the man sae ‘he neraagresgntion af ual infest raothrapeue ‘ise, 197, Ths a senican umber of uualy acne eee ea ‘il heath asanc wil be ates and ened bya Cassnan (S.Giege lets eecalypre 2 toapt of tna bckpoga iieon oh denen cata mmc Ooch end ‘Sree cata hackgrounds wil need mor therapist dia "weal background: However, Chesson therpiss cans eee ‘stay dive hens ty increasing the carl compere,sien examining the infuense of eatue on pychopathology have eR Soy ie inet conoptalaations (Draguns, 1997), Ove ESSE flout ews eatare as permeating ll aspect of prcbolol SEER"Culre ans peychopshotory are mierwined andre part of ¢ Sette experience Raocd on th made, here would be no avage 10 als ea stcholgil rer arse lars teause of the unions. SIPEETTE Ree ancaveye the cond model dcourapes the role of ‘Sittin detming pychloglexprenes. his nde, the fsa 0 CRimfsing common pochologea! expences that po eto deen ae emo conceptual mode ve To to the ate of wo disc ap pre .Sinang rotary he ee approach and te Frere etic encroach model favors quite and espe SSP ends to demonstrate the uniqueres of eutare and our [SoNtatconcepatzaons of eho dses, For cto, ths Her Winosel nou act role of familar Lt Rocke, 2002) Sheena opcode cape ye esa SESE bein ow the peoepson of tim fom» Hispanic RSSREe pega igh end fo ume peopl experienes abd ‘MiStsons Osher ealropeceesperincs ca be eviews) 8 te FRBESRESRc or atrcaa American experiences see Furs, Mote, CRESEE Water @ Ladys abs for Aste-Amesian expen Wa lagAtinson, Wolf, Hong. 2001; and for ArabrAmetin ‘pons se Encaoe & AU Timiml, 201 PSSSSr caplet ri esac apecoch ic the case reve conti Rena (seu, bh whch amines cr, a EIMENg ioscn paatons in te we of soma oom cae eon sof ppcholoncal stress Totereting tha ‘Seat may hve fa to te peony that perso ‘Motos ast means af expressing pes dss, More ee! rsa at etre rc aeng thera of soma =p sete pease ols erent akancements to medical aes Sha Wetinen (ures: Simon, Usun. & Goldberg. 197 Kirmayer & Yours 1998, ine Reaeeceerarees rs TY _anetcreeuch models bse om coepts nto, 0 menearee hat apy toa cle ‘This tol would ena captor a const of SRE stempr 9 momure ina sandardzed manoe (ee. pepe in mcvare soos dapron nterving) sro diflrent clare or ‘ple anlar woul be concoptlizd sr those ommon Fam seled SSSRuar factors tht could he aexed ars pune Americans, eR Amrita, AstarAmescann, Europens America and other ca fara our “Tue apprcich it wll demonstrat ya sty evaluating tact in Afponn-Atvrcen, Asnt-Amercan, Hispae- Ameren, and Cauca Soni (ve, Rawal, Malinekrode, © Zara, 200). Spee, the {itor ekamin tachment sat, wich aps tothe ee or appoNa itom eter 2nd sent to eypetsona ection by eters ad ache Then avduace, wich atempts asec a exceed fer eletiance nd mfr oth aterpertnal nen The fou cual groupe were ‘myared wang the Espeinces so Close Relaonship Seale (Bena Gi '© Shane, Te) The oss Instead that HapaniesAmeias init prower atachment sey. wheres. Aleta Ameries ad ‘Ace Amarane displayed greater sachet dance han tet Canc ‘San pers The mvetpors se found tht nachment ast was so SUSE npn mond oa ous bt erent Seon for ‘Othe incr have looked st sree io pehopataony across ce tun entre Major dpesion appt to scar at grater eqena for \Wenrn ad Latin Ameren cote and area nequeny for Aan antics (Kanak Sumur Harstan sta, Kitamer, 2008), One of ‘tSinns suenive pide studs of Am. Amencas, Hispanic UNnerens, and Catia Seal the Diagnose Interview Schade to ‘amine sean dnrders (Robins Reger, 190), Findings inated ‘hur eoetlndanaiery dnorder was greater for Mfc. Americas than (Citcitnes wire pane nd depresion were excluded Hopone-Amerians| ‘Sct were found fr pan aoe. ‘The rates for bias mee greater For ‘Mian Americans thu for Caocssias and Hispanic. There Is {NGexenewetneatorestamining carl deren note lina peo ‘uations (ey shimpirena, alee! sbase, ating dior) "Review of sae examining al te possible permutations of curs and poche contons beyond the ope of the chapter The sels {nic and et rexarch mie described hee wee preset fo fararze ‘terender with then two ne concepcunzatons of te fle ocular in [Ninn exyereoes and the lntbonce of these conceptual models The ondus o cutureseate reearch As iaportant a te ction of ihe io op ne he cnt of care rocalini asesment and pchoberapy. Although emic and etic approaches {rc on oppo ends ofthe continu, they canbe sens complement Sei rps The emt pas pera shen nd ococltarlbackpotnd othe ind, whee hee sponse Sart fein show ype ee ha wr ing of tee two pepecives ip he tap Yo asa hs mee ppycholopeal ditrene mote efectely i cultural) here lent, I ‘rors state af eee, ato etn ‘st, However when working with Sere ctrl hen an ems op {roach fo ctrl nduences ses fo te the most elvan o abby ‘Noviabie and working therepeterlanshipe wih cies aed mame {he rapist’ effectneness son agent of change n te therapeu preces, esol so ed I wet the mints ec Sb ‘ve therapeu ltrs sed wh «ben le utr ders cents is hay to be more of 5 challeege then wer Sorking with cent ofa sia cultural Backproun seals unde {tool that therapists working with cents of ante background gee 0 {cr the Burden of adjsing to now ecmstancs Therap sul ot beats to tame cher the cnt or the cleare Wf peyeotherapy dos at ‘uli the died outcome nea, modling the therapoue apron “ind adapting it to he spece noe of ches wil tol a moe posing therapettieouome and iam overall patie experience thoughout he I Shult be understood that no thspiel no mate bow ie, kos ‘umber of strate o which skied cican salto mpove curl mpeence and therapeutic ouicomne wih lens of ire altey sod ‘ctgrouds. The focurin the olonng scons on nee nee and Svarenet of aides, bse, and auptions red to cara deere chon beatae Tamar ih also ae ‘The American Pschlopeal ASsocon har sponsor a numberof ers i on alte, ethnic, age, gender, and sexual orenaton: Gunes for Mulia Tring Research, Paci, and Organeaoas he, Jor totais (Aen Pchaogal Assocation, Ma Oude {am Prove of Pychlogial Sere Et. Linus, ood Cal DrnozePopuatns ArmericanPrychologalAsocten, 19"), Cac {i Pchologal Prete wath llr tds (aan Pychelg oe ‘ion, 2008 aad Guidlines for Pechasheany mi Dotan Sey ‘saa Clans (Aroatcan Pychlogl Asean, 298) Ta Coa ‘of Nona Puychologal Assocation forthe Advancement of Rese orig ses as publsed relevant documents ned to tac moe {lines for Research Ese Mfnersy Cormane ence tonal Prchologal Associations forthe Advancement of dees Mine Ina, 200 and Pipe! Teament of Eien Fong (Covel of Nationa Pocelopel Actions for the Advance nie Minority tates, 205) Being fama wih thee seer al oe aly asst with eognizing biases tnd ssromponetcrpss might kee Shout curly dive cet bot wil so ent sel pre ers ‘a kcsping wk he American Payeolops! Anca and oie tanks try bes Even whey fia withthe avaube guises, the therapist sede to sscogie tat tal gudetion generated for one ctrl cote a ed ‘oe mie for wen anather ultra coon (hederen 19) Peles {1895 mak he pot tat tape nos to be nwa tnt le Sate ieee “ndameotat” eth princes (es. no near bee ots uM which cot te nepoted tm ore Sabcrsionss eat ils (patent has to Jscpine ma ad that doce soe vee "ie inde Corporal punishes) Borrowing from Betty and colleagues (982), Paerse (1995) decries alta eh spud by ooe ofthese perpetves reales Coo neh bisber ova" sbatltim mine best) one (nee eas ‘ane and dierent (Bey, Poortines, Sep & Dose, 193) Tae eee ' penpecive attempts not to. make vai julgmers and ephenins ‘he importance of understanding eich cataralconent on iooen ne ssesmmcit of Something as right or wrong deemined cote es ‘te cate of the clnt ad fudgments made by therapies ceesle sate are discouraged. Thus, the herap seoved ses hea ea From the dscuson th he cent Te absolut peapetve apis the same eshte teria sirons SUEH i atualy conser aeevnt to he dustin Sees a sds The emphasis on eltra sinasiy with tne outa “The unineosloeperspecine assumes that pycoloseal eee pn and plese) ave tiveral aos a sures bat tc ee Imuniested or exressed nay be pact ach clare, Theft fasatchel dsvions bed alate clare erin ih) and Sagi copesines ve dominant etre xg) cast to fo. ite, ac G5) bbs a oe eae hat eae Se aan eo find commenter he dominant cate, artiste Altwough be supports of the Amsetoxn Psjcholopa Retnsiton zien Pesce (93) note me weakpeses te de Aen Eee ty exp blowopal pombe the maine of “Stina cote anda minmieton af etre neal decison making ‘och of the cad for roaring valuing cultural competence pohathray eo to Sule Su, In seminal postion paper Sat CN) Exec the ingredient fr curly competent therapist me ‘Ste senufally inde, hvng sil "dynam ng” a8 seeing cup sbwt tra ru. Stay minded hapten ‘tulhwapy te scene method othe therapeu proces stead of Tay premature contons usa on bases or assumptions about el Ren adorn hese therapist form hypotiees, develop ways 80 et te Sanaa nd ry to prvi secs sonastent wah he obiained dats ‘BPeMtac osc theres ae term in the sti meds but they inclines forget so spp thn the ial content especialy context ‘Sit ne ny kane aie tle bout» calarlproup. SULTS soe Jsnamas sang the aby to Roow when ener atce sit be ince nd when f0Ingialze and be each. Ts Bucs fo Peden (988) anveralst perspective on stg ‘Sk choles hen working wth cent verse hckgrounds $1955) ‘trop iat torus perceptions o chant are inuenced By tere Spe hw see cae my or pe hrc {oltval aprsngstorotyes to embers of 4 parca cua mp tl Suc (109) emphases he ned for therapists fo aie Know tee that nova ote ctrl gronp fittest. This nudes sks IS SEIGE Rom te arto callengoc, commantyreprsenatne (8 ‘tanto previous eo ancl Royarer Abele an Boy (2008) dus the mportanc of ee swston te tapi The suthors oss pinay on ra, bere ‘nan ag, bt ter tgpotons or easing he heap lie SSE ToAS fe ober murine clara marker suchas doy. reo, sere an ee Dane 208) ott erp sing nth {Shc tstcsare ey ote expe oie stereotypes tint cul ado buss and warned sssmpion: aber cra vere le They venedelosy tyra st the unconscious feel ht teat a ‘hw lsc o tee unt usampions of lets uray ere fea from them. The authors encourages awareci of stitutes, Ne, and {Sirapone The therapists person and awareness wed as esata ‘Stabistine theapen afuoe wh te cent Thera ry on ‘pert mensfes,jarmaling, ap review f Src noe sod rien sents (Groen the procs of ncresngslFaarenee Daniele (200) so ‘Rcommended sorting feedbck fom cn, peer suprises, abd ees ‘Shes means of teteasings-arenss| ssthing with tray diverse hens, Dani etal 00) conc tha {ornate sould ecopie tat bee «pring bod of hear o he {lpi ot cata competence. Tes note thc tere more han one Wy to ‘Shepton ad provide sever to curly vere chem Proving ‘Sera ceaot vier sould not ove the corte adel beng ‘onl to guide asesement ind psehotherays Daniele al (300) abo ‘Seth urn ra ty, Gena orn) "Royer 2000) exp on shgpeions for ocean caus vase She enoouage the therapist to become ae a she ep. inet nfaences explore hier ow cultural betas appresat {hsin retina to understanding the ctrl infvence hae rent to she "nenar 0) ho ram Arend ed Mae {ibe and quotes "A lary sled heap one who acta ‘seein he co cng ae of ene ite Carats woe ren denon le (mien thy cin dois vee caua actors opealy Therapie me 6 ‘how sien to apd wbon otto refer to sat cute Cacti te cen “Thonpiss anarenes of altars preciso for effective, cual ele ‘ov eychoterapy: Fherapsebave the tware of oeatie ew of ets SitStrens lw for an eplration of bares to fete prota ty. ncoingdefecivenee,projetonn sania, fears, ad git in ma ‘Cad an tle noe that hatter ren earls aod then tare crn psa main eh ay ‘umber of recommendations to asi therapists iteprating muna ‘Sie an pchoteray_ Alton fey focus pm en race ane ‘Sr thelr esommendatonsslbo pp o ater cual lato. Wats evird ose and ety. Carden sn Bue (208) eneourge ep {eto nerd conclsonsshovt race and ety of chests anata of Faraly sens ul sonfeme ty chete: Making assupoas oat ce ling etn witht oeieaton could kad Yo potetal pals pee ‘Ny or hm tay 0 et A‘portance of ce and etn in weatment, Cadel an Bate (25) mcourage rc ashing the chen: “How would You debe sous moak Wekround™ They encourage erp to Faogniae tat chests ey Be ge ferent rom ober members af irae sod etc roy A ted by others Rossear, 200; Ste, 199), this rede he ikllond of seco. ‘ppm cent Therap sn hot to conot how eifeenees oe ea “ity between therapist and een might afer prychoterayy. Force fps clturaldieences tetwen a therapist ad heat coed fd 8 ‘iereaces i prepion of pees pac (cp, datance between hsp snd heat) and verbal ee, etetne onde teens) ae te ‘erbal 2 smiling. and sbaing or se contac bekanons Watney Peetions can le to stkardes in he prychotherapeue heats Fal. Carden ane atte 203) recom tat Ceocsom shots ‘Shni ere,pran d st asta he apn ‘attr hat provided them greater poner sind piige, This pies Be ower ifeen sad inert nether laonsip eels ‘ecing belp fom thrpis. Apa, therapate ae encourage to dics theses pen and nondfeavel athe cone opin htop eesti ‘0 lok for cpportnites Yo manage potential barr to effec heap standin he inane of tae and pomes twtr She dele Saas {soe thik, acta fos parca may. some inden ese ‘ass may Ie fo some const Hypotheses and quicker understand of someone, but ln other stations the ats Glad Wo enbrag rons conto, Bases often terse in combination with to kee Saiiveproceoes: categorization and Eenraton Thee eepetne a esis fen lp to faciate amin and sacl neocons Howe, scoring to Hays GOO, when these nempunns coe Fly st Be ‘oul Rereotyping, Se notes tat power Showy tel to sev ine Snir to Cadet and Bue (200) ays (200) serge tar tae embers of 4 hiphatatue group hold more poner te) ea cick ners aco ovr tha ow stuations andthe shuns of ees eee ats sroups. tn Aairesing Cala! Competences te Proce one, ‘wok fr Clint and Counselors Haye (a) umes ca week {htop of sacl i and owe (Hay 1999, concluding tat scene ‘sms (eg, rain wus, clarion, belerocen,ateamn coheed See FoSe se a edt ap ‘According to Hays O01, te most important gual or arctica Going eroseultural work the heaps aby be Suninasa es ak ally To tik humbly and etically and to prevent premature conc ‘sos Hays 200) resoramends exes the funcional value of sone ‘ons aking bow the therapar as come te «piven amrsanng eee te lest, ASkibg whether ether alterate explanation ae pombe fon Situratytnoesed testers eles or eng ep ena lappa hemi reset ‘molt lled ADRESSING and ie designs to organi and tesopece ‘peemately compl cultural ntucnes so the therapeu stone Theron stands fer age, aby tlgonctnlty xian eee ‘own aes ao mel awe deerpions of herpes presented att tet ‘this chapter esata ow the ADRESSING model The ACERS, SING sede doesnot coverallpoublectualinences bu sos cea savas that have hon recognized as empotat bythe American Paton ‘opeal Assocation ad other organization (Hay 1990 The mel on ‘isnot oly io ctaminea heaps bae but aan tocnamine hese eae ‘sme of elu deny The mode eognnes that a capa on Fosably hve ao insiders view on allele tuents Hae eee hae Sexioning with tee base indcatorscam lp tomate steep more shere sitar inunces an the prchotherspetc atom. Ths folowing i case iustraton devgne to highlight eur! nA ‘ez i he et andthe heaps Te aan provides an aus of sd ‘ent that therapist neds to ake fo mac ot he nein cca sete let The bent war zen withthe content of th sasond set tl sti mumbo ef changes wee ase te cae pose The cent 8 €7-3erold married Lebanese woman with wo daughters and tne sons Shes Ben residing i large meropstan ty in Onto a eccrine te ana ty ‘out yeas of smmigrating to Canad She inured span fal Woy le mori aa cid cre center 2. Ava elt her won ed Inu deehoped chrome neck and head ui, aa ocelot (ee fedoed quality of lie and emotional dea) Ske oar ale fare & pain pyehoiogi at anther maa comer who sarge ‘ed depres Although Buen i bath Lene ad French, shee ‘stent about pursuing this Weaient appro becuse of et ratioslied mastery of the Engh language Although ter command of the Ena nanos wa scrcebi in evra eration, ed not fe [Strict tn ting slew understand sod express mote subtle aspects oF orto a ets, th tetrad to th second autor Desa of hi ay to speak and wren Fooch A stand semament war conducted a ext “pos mere pronmitt her I was aprender mtr othe Engh Pinte wad ot scent to Condi an ervenon tm Eaghsh The ‘Selon ora tetera to a fmale thera who could speak ia Pench was SEraered, br the heap wn not sled fn peolopeal pam mane ‘een osseous pm wasso prominent icing teenth BOE puree ener wit a iether The ent se sped to ‘auc prcholopsal managemestm French, coping that Tsometines| ‘mabe nar be abe tose the night word French and sh ven ake ‘imal poe, eh ape si uss “igh rd ue Poe for «hoi in patent ‘Stns beh anagemen. hs approach had to be qukly shar ‘Sine bose ta that thovgpeate ance had tobe esa frst and tha ths woul rqute move time tan epee, When working Stak cna dvs ety therapie sometimes tink that therapy Tifa wien spose oncom ot ready noseabl- Bees cult (iteencrs ee etn sae etn, langue, ge rode, nd eh ‘fon! betmeen ihe lent and therap nnd to be worked though the oumal nocrneat and treatment timetables hed Yo be amends! sd Tiras sey apparent at he beponing of teapy ha st questions $Sence or long gate sau When asked wy this was the ese, te hen ‘hjciucd ee thestonad by suc a get spproach She expessed hat Soe ucioming mas conden appropriate tte cure. Ale thought van wll ese i copsivetebaioal eciques, 1 a to We ia cep dren oural and ft we would we dream interrelation ee naan of Soul exlring penal processes Win a yea of ‘bere cs bop fortron post neo pintin. She SS"Rut olbriog her arose to therapy and me ued her ator to {los colo! proms Tarer Throughout her ara we Ne ‘Hirao addres panne and ter resteing nei (eg acs [Ssh fy and marine) they came up Therapy itl ongoing Eni‘ then nos mac improved: Cent therapy rel Toco =| ‘epi! ies fees stmeaang of eA year ago, the eet Sted tat ‘Sy inta wilognes todo tapi roach was very bene. VET uth Foch ony Sit nga ing ray nh rd RO'Ehr forum vo parte dacobios about ber though and ings, ‘Shut hse cagrened ho shewoal key hve mt conned say Ses al ty wg ne eset ‘Bea aoc je br tobe Smt basing mre opet ‘Ter hours ad fins a 1 ost impossible zo be inl im prychotherapy and ot hase some prominent suluralifuece sing the pncterapee lin ‘hip Even when the clu backprouod tetnen cena heaps lite thre tl eed fo fevogaze and deal with extra intone iowing# sled heaps reguee an appecaon forthe lnhtoe of (Stu! airs on ote sec and the tera wth thi asthe spe: ‘Shon of caltral func ulimately resulting in curly eomptent ‘shotberpy. Inceasing knowlege about cultural inden neon ‘Srawurense about calla bey mesmnptons and ete depen fous pnchetherapy etperens. In adtion, ht approach to psth- ‘apy fein prev ha ented trator emotional ad [Sn ratons in the word orpesence sows ah esse cn) wh Pe er niece be ar‘ih oma tut rand sie peony, Pefeama! Pha “Eep is eee tiara “Recent atatendcm amare a a wenn tm nay recon me Bl tiene ae ures smmeenoenmance sca ag ae mre Sees aetacat oe ut SEE CAS pat ate tee am ae ae gn ce crm a ie wt el ee os mmm rn roms oh na She Shr rae pce mia tn thee tems pons magmas Sitters acne A tae aly 52M Ard & Mt RD ict cout mgt ee retin a of tat anne eae "ot E Yo Yt Te cing Cn Ar tenon ed ae Wage oe Ne Wee, sont with este 00. wr Coens pcg aaS_ EFFECTIVE UNDERSTANDING AND DEALING WITH MANIPULATION Jack WETTER ‘nwt Bod of Pana es Tae tem manipulation oe caries with iste of mace or Sect, mot aptly whem astocata wih the action of the orden Fei All cents: however, are cash of exibiting manipulative beh ‘awa aggro inepretn, gr “bebavarl intention.” is con ‘rte fa ferent & oenpulative” ac, Yeu manipulation SPhehavor and cogntons eto ery song exe cacy what Tear hoping achoeve: Manpulston, ov defined) Tae Amer Hes {ope Dctonsy af the Engen Langasge (200). Fourth Eason by Fvehton Miia Company (ps0 ito Handle and move in ab exami hon or for therape purpoce” et lo hin to ince OF ‘When a puteat engage rey recognizable maniplaive bebaor repeats isnt suprsng we acover that heroine ons tea SSSA at iy tae hes te hm tobe se+ Threat of sce not gen motion or pesibed inappropriate + Threats o enc, ncudng ved thet cha I dort hgh Tan onal elf much longer” ommon one fren people sing ial for isk asst enue they thinks nos of anger probe Ineo a reed serene) + Emotional kal such the suggestion thatthe profesional i hig things worse by nos leting hes have eon way so as ba practioner + Showing ip te to sesons or withholing payment foe servos te Sau they ave dissented a hele “prog (© death os loved ne former chdahood shut) Some indivi achieve their objectines by iling gut or earn rope Others mania in more agressive way suchas thro sa Lam a sex ade, Mit Psat in ening SP Bor he id ine Rio. IM Seto amen ia Tis toss ed him for misting too many days fom wrk, Pliea'¢ «Lat booked on sain ad sotto (Ds , | Hehus tending cornea bork en exupha Be. Sieinpephct odie ia ssvaee Phan | Tread esta ‘euros eer Dt | Wetec ut hte cede payment to rag Phaet7 ! My ftnd ye ee mcm OP DX |: This tippened only er she gone oo Por Mycenaean theater and an sep ons PDX = Twenty yar ago he abndoned his fly anno he wens thom ale Pea 9: The cee ae diving emit and I havea constant head Dr SRC 0 telcaterd to hothr withthe hile, Pie 10: a Sager at he ath. He was only (OP Dx Her depression i reread ange that he left no fe iaun EUnE comin rect te operational dae hea te recht ma he rests, an er ave eek cet Sse. ak peracnal dngnens aren os ar ens {Taw bs septic dd probe deeper fora ein crn a a PIT Tr myrier conrnacT: Mu bows mH JDremining wha the patient rally wants from paychotheapy i the signal ofthe tesstanceequcon, When couped eas ae samaritan knows why the pani come a creme wil always preeot a expat sonnet tt sey ntat ‘emit hoped for ote The terpet mas ie tan ne paca SONeN Smewberetbe earty aro en ee Beet wl reveal the imp conet~“what ae ese octet, wl inary be town owt aon ase ooh meter lend 1 dnc inten tothe mas poe in ase ‘pling tae nl attuned ohearag ncn thal eee Arte oven dingsons when the mic sane gE ages use pmly wiht pte ands imate ein ‘The heres should Jo his wih understanding scope eeoe cae the pin 08 cocouy manipulating. But snc ic to "ave my marrage expt contact) He decid is i nom be ‘lined he ove deeply and his ped of several ers fom whom be ould not bea sa etn though be Kner he hoa. He wana reste wo women i hs he rela thie may take tne The pyehotherapat Foowed this ead and probing revealed the pila had row ed of ‘tting for on toa hs calle he ater onthe phe ld hr | ‘Belonetandng afin ands precipitates the cs Dom was er losing Goth women, He conceived rllant pln: longterm peehoteray ‘rng which te both women would yrs to mat patently forthe ph het rw nin he efor ow. ay he ie Sh matves ident fe hs bmp contract as openly Scand St elnowledped ty the patent, Don wt fal of scary saying be ad ‘Rosai eB ay 0 Who ngage, ‘mises, «dened goal Yat could be addesed io eanent, Wen Ot ‘ont wh trey, the featane evaporate, and Don shove ose ‘My marrage Instead of te poay Tong tet heap this eee a oa be ‘ened ton Ive seston thee has een no ale een the pt contract, is bese te ‘heaps bs ow eae tne for abd ear Every pase in eery twa fall and auceped the implct const asthe gel of ext. NO Sender tee te so many instants i wich puto abd therapist art ‘orking toward incongruent goals The patients conasousy dec us tok atthe expt an umpiet contacts for each elite ater Est ‘de Whnyour bei my we wil ele nadie and can’ lp Inplct = She wll orgie this and fre indiraton. atest 2 Pes cue my Aieplomana Implce: Help sonviae the jade mon toto the book at me thi four opt = Convince my boat t0Fehie me and th make me «sos ‘inter. ‘Ande Loaly sell to support my habit inpicc Convince the pce Fara isin and notte bi eae al aca “Hsp 1 cant work, ee, or anything because of pani aac. Kae, Anaborson maybe medal neta cea 6 Help att my nghs ara consntou best [nie Tid nor bese a Someseaiow ober to vend going 0 ptt + Gonvine the samy of my veracity fo T don't have #9 2016 ‘Aisle If'my nosand ally ved me, weight would fot Ma. ips Conve hn besa a can ave hn sod my overeat. Koke= Rygoncs should te bygones plc | Teach ther forptener of my abandonment; Ia sil ber fier, Patent 9+ need rei from he burden of sirens ptt sh my geting fee bl are hrouh sci series. Pate 10) My depresion ao vere Ica move ana maybe one Dalle My‘hustand never planed forthe fare ap lt mo Ie Slay diy 201 won't have to goto work thanks otha 8 Puting the operation! diagnos ogee ith he mpi conic for thee ten atts tether and patent ae spared he iyo ern {inconauea goals They ae brought ot ita the ope and dee, ‘he rostnce appropriately and ise challenged. With far he Tieoor ser adder and by thing trponiy for iene he ca ‘ordered teapice soy, and se wl be seni eetien ony she omits to th goal ef stopping er shopiing teh. Patiat mast eniroot his altos game paying really acept he ivan alkohol and Sone for abstinence, Patent # ray be hooked. but he a Bi ane cove ‘alr groming more than a milion dors pat, He may have to 33 “eat $i singe woman who wie panies to foe 28