6.

Integration Using Tables of Integrals and a CAS; a Summary of Techniques

637

METHODS OF INTEGRATION
Integration

Method of integration

Section

1.

f(t(x))t(x) dx

Use the substitution u t(x).

Section 4.2

2.

f(x)t(x) dx

Use the integration by parts formula:

Section 6.1

f(x)t(x) dx f(x)t(x) t(x) f (x) dx

or

ax

u d u du

Note: Apply the method to integrals of the form P(x)e dx, P(x)sin ax dx, P(x)cos ax dx, where P(x) is a polynomial,
1
1
m
ax
ax
ln x dx, sin x dx, tan x dx, sec x dx (m 0 and m odd) , e cos bx dx, e sin bx, and so on.
3. a.

sin

x cosn x dx, where m or n

is a positive integer

b.

tan

x sec n x dx, where m or n

is a positive integer.

a. If m is odd and positive, use the substitution u cos x.

b. If n is odd and positive, use the substitution u sin x.
c. If m and n are even and nonnegative use the formulas
1 cos 2x
1 cos 2x
, cos2 x
sin2 x
2
2
a. If m is odd and positive, use the substitution u sec x.
b. If n is even and positive, use the substitution u tan x.

Note: Also try converting the integrand to one involving sines and cosines.
Use the identities:
c.

4.

5.

sin mx sin nx dx
sin mx cos nx dx
cos mx cos nx dx

sin mx sin nx 12 [cos(m n)x cos(m n)x]

sin mx cos nx 12 [sin(m n)x sin(m n)x]
cos mx cos nx 12 [cos(m n)x cos(m n)x]

f(x) dx, where f involves

Section 6.3

2a 2 x 2
2a 2 x 2

Use the substitution x a sin u, where p2 u p2 .

Use the substitution x a tan u, where p2 u p2 .

2x 2 a 2

Use the substitution x a sec u, where 0 u p2 or

Q(x) dx, where deg P deg Q and

P(x)

Q(x) ( p1x q1)k ( p2x q2)l

p (ax 2 bx c) m p

p
2

Write the integrand as a sum of partial fractions:

P(x)
A2
Ak
A1

2
Q(x)
p1 x q 1
( p1x q1)
( p1x q1)k
B2
Bl
B1

p2x q2
( p2x q2) 2
( p2x q2) l
M 2x N2
M 1x N1

p
p 2
ax bx c
(ax 2 bx c)2
M m x Nm
p

(ax 2 bx c) m

u p.
Section 6.4