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3D Stress

EE3280
Lecture 11
3D Stress

3D Stress Notation
The stress components , , acting on the
positive face are taken to be positive when they are
directed in the positive x, y and z directions.
The state of stress at a point consists of 9
components of stress: ( , , ), ( , , ),
( , , )

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Tensor

Stress Tensor

The state of stress at a point is not a scalar or a vector. It

is a more complicated object, called a second order tensor.
Scalars: defined by magnitude, e.g. temperature, density.
Vectors: defined by magnitude and direction, e.g. force,
displacement, velocity.
Second-order tensors: defined by magnitude and two
directions, e.g. stress, strain, electromagnetic field
strength.

Stresses on Arbitrary Planes

Stresses on Arbitrary Planes

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Stresses on Arbitrary Planes

Stresses on Arbitrary Planes

Stresses on Arbitrary Planes

Normal Stress and Shear Stress on an

Oblique Plane

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Example 1
Determine the stresses acting on a plane of particular importance in
failure theory, represented by face ABC in the figure with QA=QB=QC.

Solution

Solution
1
= = (1 + 2 + 3 )
3

X, Y and Z axis are principal axes, = 1 , =

2 , = 3 , = = = 0. Plane ABC is one of
the eight faces of a regular octahedron.
The normal stress on this plane is octahedral normal
stress,oct, and the shear stress on it is the octahedral
shearing stress, oct.

= =
=

1
3

(1 + 2 + 3 )

1
21 2 + 22 2 + 23 2 (1 + 2 +3 )2
3

1
(1 2 )2 + (2 3 )2 + (3 1 )2
3

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Transformation of Stress in 3D

Transformation of Stress in 3D

Principal Stresses in 3D

Principal Stresses in 3D

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Example 2

Example 2

Example 2

Example 2

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Example 3

Example 3

Example 3

Mohrs Circle in 3D
For any plane through the point,
let N axis be normal to the plane
and S axis coincide with the
shear component of the stress
for the plane.
are coordinate axes
to construct Mohrs circle.
The stress components for any
plane passing through the point
locates a point either on one of
the three circles or in one of the
two shaded areas.

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Mohrs Circle in 3D

Example 4

Example 4
The normal and shear stresses acting on the planes with normal vectors N1
and N2 are :